KR200426135Y1 - Electrodeless lamp using high frequency - Google Patents

Abstract

An electrodeless lamp using a high frequency is disclosed. The electrodeless lamp is combined with a main body in which a power socket is formed, a first bulb formed in a donut shape in a lower part of the main body, a second bulb formed in a spherical shape in an empty space in the center of the first bulb, a high frequency generator and a high frequency generator mounted in the main body It includes a ferrite core for applying a high frequency to the first bulb and the second bulb. The high frequency may react with the encapsulating gas to induce ultraviolet rays, and the ultraviolet rays may react with the fluorescent material applied to the inner surface of the bulb to emit gas rays. These electrodeless lamps can be driven at relatively low operating frequencies, thereby reducing electromagnetic interference. In addition, it is an environmentally friendly lamp that has a long life and can reduce pollution of heavy metal gas.

Electrodeless, Bulb, High Frequency, Oscillation, EMI, Rectification, PFC

Description

Electrodeless lamp using high frequency {ELECTRODELESS LAMP USING HIGH FREQUENCY}

1 is a perspective view showing an electrodeless lamp of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a front view showing the electrodeless lamp of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a side view showing an electrodeless lamp of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a rear view showing the electrodeless lamp of the present invention.

5 is a block diagram of an electrodeless lamp having a high frequency generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

6 is a view for explaining the principle of driving the electrodeless lamp.

FIG. 7 is a diagram for describing the oscillation control circuit of FIG. 5.

FIG. 8 is a diagram for describing the decision circuit of FIG. 7.

<Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

10: electrodeless lamp 100: main body

200: High frequency generator 210: EMI filter

220: rectifier 230: PFC circuit

240: DC / AC inverter 250: oscillation control circuit

300: first bulb 400: second bulb

500 ： ferrite core

The present invention relates to an electrodeless lamp, and more particularly, to an electrodeless lamp that emits gas rays using high frequency.

An electrodeless lamp is a lamp in which a ferrite core is mounted on a bulb in which various gas mixtures are enclosed, and energy from a specially-generated generator (electronic ballast for driving an electrodeless lamp) capable of high frequency oscillation (2.5 MHz) is applied to the ferrite core. When supplied, an electromagnetic induction magnetic field is formed in the lamp and reacts with the enclosed gas inside the bulb to induce ultraviolet rays. The ultraviolet light passes through the three-wavelength fluorescent material applied inside the bulb and finally emits a comfortable visible light.

These electrodeless lamps significantly reduce power consumption and dramatically increase their lifetime. Accordingly, since the heavy metal gas that is discarded can be reduced, the electrodeless lamp is in the spotlight as an environmentally friendly light source. As such, the principle of the electrodeless lamp was 1907 PC. It has been proposed by Hewitt, and various types of electrodeless lamps have been commercialized in recent years. In 1991, Matsushita introduced Everlight, an electrodeless lamp. Everlight operates at 13.56MHz and has an efficiency of 37.0 lm / W. In 1991, Philips introduced a 'QL' lamp that operates at 2.65MHz and has an efficiency of 65.0 lm / W. In 1994, GE introduced Genura, which operates at 2.65MHz and has an efficiency of 48.0 lm / W. In the same year, Osram announced Endura, which operates at 0.25MHz and has an efficiency of 75.0 lm / W.

However, these conventional electrodeless lamps operate at relatively high frequencies, which can cause electromagnetic interference, reduce the stability of the driving circuit, and still leave room for improved power efficiency. In addition, flickering occurs due to low frequency driving, which causes eye fatigue for long-term users.

In addition, it can be said that the design of the bulb which is creative yet unique in response to the needs of various consumers is required. Therefore, research on an electrodeless lamp having excellent design, long life, high efficiency, and high color rendering is urgently needed.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an electrodeless lamp which emits stable visible light while increasing light efficiency using a high frequency AC power source.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrode lamp that is original, unique, long life, high efficiency and high color rendering.

There is no flicker by other high frequency drive of the present invention, and to provide an electrodeless lamp that provides comfort to the user by lowering the brightness of the surface light source.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrodeless lamp that is easy to manufacture and easily used due to its simple structure.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention for achieving the above object of the present invention, the electrodeless lamp is a main body formed with a power socket, the lower portion is formed in a donut shape, the first bulb is filled with a gas filled therein, A second bulb is formed in a spherical shape in an empty space in the center of the first bulb, and includes a second bulb filled with a gas filled therein, and includes a high frequency generator generating a high frequency inside of the main body. In addition, the electrodeless fluorescent lamp is connected to the high frequency generator, has a ferrite core coupled to the circumferential surface of the first valve for applying a high frequency to the first bulb and the second bulb. The high frequency may react with the encapsulation gas to induce ultraviolet rays.

The circumferential surface may be formed in a relatively small diameter and the ring-shaped ferrite core having a hole formed in the center thereof may be combined. The ferrite core may be formed of at least two or more.

Three wavelength fluorescent materials are coated on the inner surfaces of the first bulb and the second bulb, and the ultraviolet light may pass through the three wavelength fluorescent material to emit visible light. As the fluorescent material, a rare earth light emitting material consisting of three light emitting color components of red, green, and blue may be used.

The high frequency generator converts a DC signal generated from an incoming AC signal to generate an output AC signal oscillating at a frequency higher than the frequency of the incoming AC signal and at least in series with a terminal of the output AC signal. A first lamp signal is generated through one capacitor and at least one inductor, and a second lamp signal is generated from the first lamp signal using a passive element, and the first lamp signal and the second lamp signal are absent. An oscillation control circuit for supplying the two terminals of the coil of the electrode lamp.

The high frequency generator may include an EMI filter for filtering electromagnetic waves of the incoming AC signal, and a rectifier for generating the DC signal from the electromagnetic wave filtered signal, and when generating the DC signal from the electromagnetic wave filtered signal. The PFC circuit may further include a PFC circuit configured to control a phase of the signal filtered by the electromagnetic wave to correct a power factor of the AC signal.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the contents described in the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited or limited to the embodiments. Like reference numerals in the drawings denote like elements.

1 is a perspective view showing an electrodeless lamp of the present invention, Figure 2 is a front view showing the electrodeless lamp of the present invention, Figure 3 is a side view showing the electrodeless lamp of the present invention, Figure 4 is the present invention Is a rear view of the electrodeless lamp.

As shown therein, the electrodeless lamp includes a main body, a high frequency generator, a first bulb, a second bulb, and a ferrite core.

The main body 100 has a cylindrical shape, a power socket 110 is formed at the center of the upper surface of the main body 100 to connect with an external power source. Screws are formed on the circumferential surface of the power socket 110 to be stably coupled with an external power supply.

A high frequency generator (not shown) is mounted inside the main body 100, and may receive a high frequency by receiving power from the external power supply.

The first bulb 300 is formed in a donut shape, and a part of the first bulb 300 is accommodated and coupled to the lower portion of the main body 100. In addition, the second bulb 400 is located in an empty space formed in the center of the first bulb 300 is formed in a spherical shape. The first bulb 300 and the second bulb 400 is filled with a sealed gas therein.

Meanwhile, the diameter w1 of the circumferential surface 310 of the first bulb 300 to which the ferrite core 500 is coupled is smaller than the diameter w1 of other portions. As a result, the ferrite core 500 may be stably coupled to the first bulb 300.

In addition, three wavelength fluorescent materials may be applied to inner surfaces of the first bulb 300 and the second bulb 400. As the fluorescent material used in the present invention, a rare earth light emitting material mainly composed of three light emitting color components of red, green, and blue may be used. Rare earth fluorescent materials include rare earth elements (15 to 57-71), Soanclium (So), and Yttrium (Y) to add 17 elements. Rare earth elements are 4f-electron in their atomic structure. Due to the peculiarity of the shell, it has a narrow and sensitive absorption or light emission in the visible wavelength range. There are 17 rare earth elements, which have similar chemical properties and are mixed together, so the procedure is very complex. When used as a fluorescent material, it is used separately, so it is important to separate rare earth elements when making a three-wavelength lamp.

Two ferrite cores 500 are formed along the circumferential surface of the first bulb 300 to face each other. That is, the ferrite core 500 has a hole formed in the center, and the first bulb 300 penetrates through the hole. Meanwhile, the circumferential surface of the first bulb 300 to which the ferrite core 500 is coupled has a smaller diameter than other circumferential surfaces. The ferrite core 500 is preferably a ring-shaped metal material having a strong magnetic force.

The bulb of the electrodeless fluorescent lamp used to replace the conventional filament has the specifications shown in Table 1.

As shown in the above table, the bulb for the electrodeless fluorescent lamp used in the present invention has a lower power consumption than the conventional incandescent bulb. In addition, in terms of efficiency, it can be seen that the bulb for the electrodeless fluorescent lamp is superior to six times as high as 90 (lm / W), whereas the incandescent bulb is 15 (lm / W).

5 is a block diagram of an electrodeless lamp having a high frequency generator according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 6 is a view for explaining the driving principle of the electrodeless lamp, Figure 7 is an oscillation control circuit of FIG. FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the decision circuit of FIG. 7.

As shown in the drawing, the high frequency generator 200 of the electrodeless lamp 10 includes an electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter 210, a rectifier 220, a power factor correlation circuit 230, and a DC / AC. A DC-to-AC inverter 240, and an oscillation control circuit 250.

The bulbs 300 and 400 are light sources capable of emitting light to the electrodeless without a filament or a light emitting plate having a common fluorescent lamp in the discharge tube. The first bulb 300 and the second bulb 400 may be made in an annular and spherical shape. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the first bulb 300 and the second bulb 400 may be manufactured in other shapes such as a quadrangle, a coil type, a parallelogram, and the like according to a user's request.

The first bulb 300 and the second bulb 400 receive high frequency AC power from the high frequency generator 200 through a coil wound around the ferrite core 500. As shown in FIG. 6, terminals of the coil wound around the ferrite core 500 are connected to the high frequency generator 200 to receive a high frequency AC power.

When a high frequency AC power is applied from the high frequency generator 200, the inside of the first bulb 300 and the second bulb 400 according to the operation of the coil wound around the ferrite core 500 of the electrodeless lamp 10. Induction field is generated. The induction electric field generated in this manner excites the encapsulating gas inside the first bulb 300 and the second bulb 400, for example, an inert gas such as mercury, and the generated electrons regenerate other particles. While excited, ultraviolet rays are generated by the high-energy gas particles. At this time, the visible light is finally emitted by the reaction of the three-wavelength fluorescent material applied to the inside of the first bulb 300 and the second bulb 400 with ultraviolet rays. Since the electrodeless lamp 10 has a long lifespan unlike a general electrode lamp such as a metal lamp or a sodium lamp, the electrodeless lamp 10 reduces pollution of heavy metal gas and provides an environmentally friendly light source.

Hereinafter, the high frequency generator 200 generating the high frequency AC power to drive the first bulb 300 and the second bulb 400 will be described in detail. In particular, the high frequency generator 200 is designed to stably drive the first bulb 300 and the second bulb 400 having a high light efficiency, for example, 80lm / W or more, at a low cost and having a long lifetime. . The high frequency AC power generated by the high frequency generator 200 has a lower operating frequency than that of the related art, for example, 0.1 to 0.4 MHz, thereby reducing electromagnetic interference.

In FIG. 5, the EMI filter 210 included in the high frequency generator 200 filters an incoming alternating current (AC) signal, for example, an electromagnetic wave of a 220 volt AC power signal in a home. The voltage level of the power supply to the home may not be ideally supplied due to instability of the supplier's equipment or the external environment, eg thunder, lightning or other factors, to minimize the effects of electromagnetic interference that may occur. The EMI filter 210 is required for this purpose. The EMI filter 210 limits the incoming AC signal not to become larger or smaller than a predetermined size.

The rectifier 220 generates a direct current (DC) signal from the signal from which the electromagnetic wave is filtered. A bridge type diode circuit may be used as the rectifier 220.

In addition, when the rectifier 220 generates the DC signal from the signal from which the electromagnetic wave is filtered, the PFC circuit 230 may be used to correct a power factor of the incoming AC signal. The PFC circuit 230 reduces reactive power by controlling the phase of the signal filtered by the electromagnetic wave using a power capacitor. The PFC circuit 230 may supply stable current to subsequent circuits, minimize power loss, and reduce interference of electromagnetic waves.

As such, the DC signal stably generated according to the operation of the rectifier 220 and the PFC circuit 230 is converted into an AC signal by the DC / AC inverter 240, and the DC / AC inverter 240 Generates an output AC signal oscillating at a frequency higher than the frequency of the AC signal introduced into the EMI filter 210. For example, the frequency of the AC signal introduced into the EMI filter 210 is typically about 60 Hz, and the frequency of the output AC signal from the DC / AC inverter 240 may be 0.25 MHz.

The output AC signal generated from the DC / AC inverter 240 is controlled by the oscillation control circuit 250 and then supplied to two terminals A1 and A2 of the coil of the electrodeless lamp 10. That is, the oscillation control circuit 250 generates a first ramp signal through at least one capacitor and at least one inductor connected in series with the terminal of the output AC signal, and generates a passive device. ) Generates a second ramp signal from the first ramp signal. The oscillation control circuit 250 supplies the first lamp signal and the second lamp signal to two terminals A1 and A2 of the coil of the electrodeless lamp 10.

Referring to FIG. 7, the oscillation control circuit 250 may include a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, a first inductor L1, a third capacitor C3, a transformer L2, The first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are included. In addition, the oscillation control circuit 250 may include a protection circuit 251, a determination circuit 252, a first MOSFET Q1, a second MOSFET Q2, a first auxiliary circuit 256, and a second auxiliary circuit ( 257).

The first capacitor C1 is connected between the terminal of the output AC signal generated by the DC / AC inverter 240 and the first node ND1. The second capacitor C2 is connected between the first node ND1 and the second node ND2. The first inductor L1 is connected between the second node ND2 and one terminal A1 of the coil of the electrodeless lamp 10. That is, the output AC signal is a first lamp signal through the first capacitor C1, the second capacitor C2, and the first inductor L1, and the first lamp signal is the electrodeless lamp ( It is supplied to one terminal A1 of the coil of 10).

The third capacitor C3 is connected between the terminal A1 of the first ramp signal and the third node ND3. The first resistor R1 is connected between the third node ND3 and the ground GND. The first coil of the transformer L2 is connected between the third node ND3 and the other terminal A2 of the coil of the electrodeless lamp 10. That is, the first ramp signal is a second ramp signal by the first coil of the third capacitor C3, the first resistor R1, and the transformer L2, and the second ramp signal is the second ramp signal. It is supplied to the other terminal A2 of the coil of the electrodeless lamp 10. The first coil of the transformer L2 connected between the third node ND3 and the terminal A2 of the second ramp signal acts as an inductor.

The decision circuit 252 uses the first ramp signal at A1 and a signal received from the second coil of the transformer L2 interacting with the first coil of the transformer L2 between A2 and ND3. According to the dimmer control signal DIM, a first dimmer signal DMO1 and a second dimmer signal DMO2 for determining oscillation frequencies of the first ramp signal and the second ramp signal are generated.

The dimmer control signal DIM is generated by the second resistor R2 connected between the predetermined element in the determination circuit 252 and the ground GND. The second resistor R2 may be a variable resistor, and the brightness of the first bulb 300 and the second bulb 400 may be adjusted by changing the value of the second resistor R2. That is, the brightness can be adjusted by dividing the road or the room by varying the second resistor R2, thereby contributing to the reduction of power consumption.

For this dimmer operation, the drain of the first MOSFET Q1 is connected to the power supply VCC, and the source of the second MOSFET Q2 is connected to the ground GND. The first MOSFET Q1 and the second MOSFET Q2 are preferably N-channel MOSFETs (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors).

The first auxiliary circuit 256 adjusts the voltage of the first dimmer signal DMO1 between the gate and the source of the first MOSFET Q1, and adjusts the voltage of the first dimmer signal DMO1. Supply to the gate of the first MOSFET (Q1). The first auxiliary circuit 256 may include a transformer, a resistor, a diode, etc. to adjust the voltage of the first dimmer signal DMO1.

The second auxiliary circuit 340 adjusts the voltage of the second dimmer signal DMO2 between the gate and the source of the second MOSFET Q2, and adjusts the voltage of the second dimmer signal DMO2. Supply to the gate of the second MOSFET (Q2). The second auxiliary circuit 257 may include a resistor, a diode, and the like to adjust the voltage of the second dimmer signal DMO2.

As described above, when the first dimmer signal DMO1 and the second dimmer signal DMO2 are adjusted to drive the first MOSFET Q1 and the second MOSFET Q2, The voltage or frequency is changed, and thus, the frequencies of the first lamp signal and the second lamp signal supplied to the two terminals A1 and A2 of the coil of the electrodeless lamp 10 may vary. To this end, the first dimmer signal DMO1 and the second dimmer signal DMO2 may have an AC shape having a predetermined frequency.

For example, when the frequency of the signal supplied to the first bulb 300 and the second bulb 400 is increased by the first dimmer signal DMO1 and the second dimmer signal DMO2, the electrodeless lamp The value of the inductance component of the coil wound around the ferrite core (10) is increased, so that the brightness of the first bulb 300 and the second bulb 400 is reduced and power consumption is also reduced. On the contrary, when the frequency of the signal supplied to the first bulb 300 and the second bulb 400 decreases due to the first dimmer signal DMO1 and the second dimmer signal DMO2, the electrodeless lamp ( The value of the inductance component of the coil wound around the ferrite core 10 is reduced, so that the brightness of the first bulb 300 and the second bulb 400 is increased and power consumption is also increased.

 In addition, the determination circuit 252 may generate a protection signal PROT indicating a short circuit or an opening of the first ramp signal or the second ramp signal. Accordingly, the protection circuit 251 selectively outputs the high frequency output AC signal generated by the DC / AC inverter 240 to the first capacitor C1 according to the protection signal PROT. The first lamp signal or the second lamp signal may be opened or shorted by the cause at the first bulb 300 and the second bulb 400. When the first lamp signal or the second lamp signal is opened, since the first bulb 300 and the second bulb 400 do not operate normally, the high frequency signal generated by the DC / AC inverter 240 It is not necessary to output the output AC signal to the first capacitor C1. In addition, when the first lamp signal or the second lamp signal is short-circuited, an overcurrent may damage the coil of the electrodeless lamp 10 or the circuit of each part of the oscillation control circuit 250. It is not necessary to output the high frequency output AC signal generated by the DC / AC inverter 240 to the first capacitor C1.

Referring to FIG. 8, the decision circuit 252 includes a comparator 253, a frequency determiner 254, and a protection signal generator 255.

The comparator 253 is a signal introduced into the first bulb 300 and the second bulb 400, that is, the first ramp signal at A1 and the first of the transformer L2 between A2 and ND3. The signal received from the second coil of the transformer L2 interacting with one coil is collected, and a corresponding DC voltage is detected. Accordingly, the comparison unit 253 compares the detected predetermined DC voltage with the DC voltage corresponding to the dimmer control signal DIM generated through the second resistor R2 in FIG. 3.

According to the comparison result of the comparison unit 253, the frequency determiner 254 may fix the frequency of the first ramp signal and the second ramp signal to the first dimmer signal DMO1 and the second dimmer. The frequency of the signal DMO2 is increased or decreased by a predetermined amount. For example, in order to fix the frequencies of the first ramp signal and the second ramp signal at a frequency higher (or lower) than the current frequency, the first dimmer signal DMO1 and the second dimmer signal DMO2. Do not raise (or lower) the frequency of at once. When the frequencies of the first dimmer signal DMO1 and the second dimmer signal DMO2 are increased (or decreased) by a predetermined magnitude, the comparison unit 253 according to the feedback of the first ramp signal and the second ramp signal. The comparison result is different, and accordingly, the frequency determiner 254 determines whether to further increase (or decrease) the frequencies of the first dimmer signal DMO1 and the second dimmer signal DMO2. Generate dimmer signals.

In addition, the protection signal generator 255 may generate a protection signal PROT indicating a short circuit or an opening of the first lamp signal or the second lamp signal. The protection signal generator 255 is a signal introduced into the first bulb 300 and the second bulb 400, that is, the first ramp signal at A1 and the transformer L2 between A2 and ND3. The protection signal PROT is generated from a signal received from the second coil of the transformer L2 that interacts with the first coil of. Accordingly, the protection circuit 251 selectively outputs the high frequency output AC signal generated by the DC / AC inverter 240 to the first capacitor C1 of FIG. 3 according to the protection signal PROT. .

Apparatus and method according to the present invention can be implemented in the form of program instructions that can be executed by various computer means may be recorded on a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium may include program instructions, data files, data structures, etc. alone or in combination. The program instructions recorded on the medium may be those specially designed and constructed for the present invention, or may be known and available to those skilled in computer software. Examples of computer-readable recording media include magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tape, optical media such as CD-ROMs, DVDs, and magnetic disks, such as floppy disks. Magneto-optical media, and hardware devices specifically configured to store and execute program instructions, such as ROM, RAM, flash memory, and the like. The medium may be a transmission medium such as an optical or metal wire, a waveguide, or the like including a carrier wave for transmitting a signal specifying a program command, a data structure, or the like. Examples of program instructions include not only machine code generated by a compiler, but also high-level language code that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter or the like. The hardware device described above may be configured to operate as one or more software modules to perform the operations of the present invention, and vice versa.

As described above, according to the present invention, there is an effect of emitting stable visible light while increasing the light efficiency by using a high frequency AC power source.

In addition, there is an effect that can produce a high color, as well as original, individual, long life and high efficiency.

In addition, a simple structure provides an electrodeless lamp that is easy to manufacture and easily used.

In addition, since it can be driven at a relatively low operating frequency, electromagnetic interference is reduced, and the brightness can be adjusted by dividing the road or the room, thereby reducing the power consumption.

In addition, since the operation to ensure a long life can reduce the pollution of heavy metal gas has an effect that can contribute to environmental protection.

In addition, there is no flicker by high frequency driving, and the brightness can be lowered by the surface light source to give the user comfort.

As described above, the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but those skilled in the art various modifications and changes of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention described in the claims below I can understand that you can.

Claims (8)

A main body in which a power socket is formed; A first bulb formed in a donut shape at a lower end of the main body and filled with a gas filled therein; A second bulb formed in a spherical shape in an empty space in the center of the first bulb, and filled with a gas filled therein; And A high frequency generator mounted inside the main body to generate a high frequency; And A ferrite core connected to the high frequency generator and coupled along a circumferential surface of the first valve and applying a high frequency to the first bulb and the second bulb; The electrodeless fluorescent lamp comprising a high frequency induces ultraviolet light by reacting with the encapsulation gas. The method of claim 1, The circumferential surface of the electrodeless fluorescent lamp, characterized in that formed in a relatively small diameter. The method of claim 1, And at least two ferrite cores. The method of claim 1, An electrodeless fluorescent lamp, characterized in that the three-wavelength fluorescent material is coated on the inner surface of the first and second bulb. The method of claim 4, wherein The fluorescent material is an electrodeless fluorescent lamp, characterized in that using a rare earth light emitting material. The method of claim 1, The high frequency generator A DC / AC inverter for generating an output AC signal that oscillates a DC signal generated from an incoming AC signal at a frequency higher than a frequency of the incoming AC signal; And Generating a first ramp signal through at least one capacitor and at least one inductor serially connected to a terminal of the output AC signal, and generating a second ramp signal from the first ramp signal using a passive element; An oscillation control circuit for supplying a lamp signal and the second lamp signal to two terminals of a coil of an electrodeless lamp; Electrodeless fluorescent lamp comprising a. The method of claim 6, The high frequency generator An EMI filter for filtering electromagnetic waves of the incoming AC signal; And A rectifier for generating the DC signal from the signal filtered by the electromagnetic wave; Induction fluorescent lamp further comprises a. The method of claim 7, wherein The high frequency generator And generating a DC signal from the signal filtered by the electromagnetic wave, further comprising a PFC circuit controlling a phase of the signal filtered by the electromagnetic wave to correct a power factor of the incoming AC signal. lamp.

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