KR200407311Y1 - Dirty Water Purification Apparatus By Using Circulation Method - Google Patents

Abstract

A contaminated water circulation filtration device for purifying contaminated water by circulating filtration is provided. The present invention provides a device for circulating filtration of contaminated water, the apparatus comprising: a contaminated water pump for sucking and supplying contaminated water; An oxygen supplier for supplying oxygen to the contaminated water at a downstream side of the contaminated water pump; A dissolution tank for mixing contaminated water and oxygen at a rear side of the oxygen supply and forming contaminated water and oxygen into a trickle with a large surface area to promote dissolution of oxygen; An ultraviolet projection tank for sterilizing by irradiating ultraviolet light to contaminated water on the downstream side of the dissolution tank; And a zeolite storage tank for adsorbing organic matter and / or ammonia on the downstream side of the ultraviolet projection tank. According to the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for circulating contaminated water for purifying contaminated water. Through various complex water purification processes including sterilization and microadsorption treatment, it is possible to effectively clean contaminated water in lakes or ponds as well as sewage, wastewater and sewage treatment, and maintain a clean environment. Can be.

Trickle, UV Projection, O3 Zeolite, Germanium, Activated Carbon Contaminated Water Circulation Filter

Description

Dirty Water Purification Apparatus By Using Circulation Method

1 is an overall configuration diagram showing a wastewater purification apparatus according to the prior art.

Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing the contaminated water circulating filtration device according to the present invention, showing an arrangement of the apparatus in which the O ₃ and ultraviolet ray projection tanks are arranged behind the dissolution tank.

Figure 3 is a block diagram showing the contaminated water circulation filtration apparatus according to the present invention, a device arrangement diagram showing a structure in which the ultraviolet projection tank is disposed in front of the dissolution tank.

Figure 4 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a dissolution tank provided in the contaminated water circulation filtration apparatus according to the present invention.

5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 4, showing a dissolution tank provided in the contaminated water circulation filtration apparatus according to the present invention.

Figure 6 is an exploded perspective view showing the unit cell of the dissolution tank provided in the contaminated water circulation filtration apparatus according to the present invention.

       <Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

1 ..... Polluted water circulation filtration device according to the present invention

10 .... Pollutant Sources 30 ... Pollutant Pumps

32 .... introduction tube 34 .... discharge tube

50 .... oxygen supply 52 .... liquefied oxygen storage tank

54 .... Oxygen Supply Tube 100 .... Dissolution Tank

112 .. polluted water inlet 114 .... ejector

116 ... throat 116a ... oxygen inlet

132 ... cell 140 ... lid

152 ... inlet 154 .... outlet

170 ... perforated plate 180 .... contaminated water pressure gauge

182 ... closing valve 184 ... drain valve

190 ... UV Projection Lamp 190a ... UV Lamp

196 ... Zeolite Storage Tank 198 .... Plate

199a .. Zeolite 199b ... Germanium (Ge)

200 .... Conventional Wastewater Treatment System 210 .... Oxygen / Liquid Mixer

212 .... Pressure pump 214 .... Compressor

216 .... ozone generator 220 ... pressure tank

The present invention relates to an apparatus for purifying contaminated water by circulating filtration, and more specifically, through ozone (O₃) sterilization, ultraviolet sterilization, and microadsorption, such as sewage, wastewater, and sewage treatment, as well as lakes or ponds. The present invention relates to a contaminated water circulating filtration device that can be effectively cleaned of contaminated water in an appeal to create a clean environment.

Generally, many kinds of foreign substances are contained in wastewater or wastewater discharged from homes, businesses, and factories.If these wastewaters are discharged untreated, side effects such as pollution and eutrophication of rivers and rivers are destroyed and ecosystems are destroyed. Occurs.

Therefore, a sewage terminal treatment plant for removing various foreign matters and heavy metals contained in such wastewater is installed in each region and treated with wastewater and discharged into rivers and rivers.

In order to remove foreign substances contained in waste water, various waste water treatment methods have been proposed in combination with physical and chemical methods, or one of them. As one of the treatment methods, dissolved solids or suspended solids contained in waste water using air bubbles are used. Floating separation methods are known in which various foreign matters, such as solids, float to the surface and are removed.

In this floating separation method, when the coagulant is added to the waste water stored in the coagulation bath for purification, the coagulant is added and the mixed portion is extracted, and the hot air is dissolved therein to form a compressed liquid. .

The compressed liquid is mixed with the solidified mixture again, and bubbles of about 30 to 40 microns are attached to the sediment in the waste water, and the sediments float up together with the bubbles to float in the separation tank. Removing this will remove foreign substances.

This method can be applied to the separation of oil contained in water. If a compressed liquid containing air dissolved as described above is added to water mixed with oil, the oils and suspensions mixed in the water in the bubble are different. It will be stuck, and the foreign material will be removed by removing it.

Thus, the floating separation method utilizes the adsorption action of bubbles generated from a compressed liquid containing dissolved air, and the bubbles become more active as the pressure changes dramatically when they expand and burst in the liquid. .

And since the pressure of water is higher than that of bubbles, this change in pressure occurs more actively in smaller bubbles.

As a result, the pressure of the water becomes higher, so that in the case of large bubbles in which a larger amount of air is dissolved, the action of sticking in the water becomes more vigorous.

Therefore, the floating effect due to the action of the bubbles sticking is greater the higher the pressure of the water.

However, the wastewater treatment method according to the conventional floating separation method as described above is dissolved in wastewater because the pressure is released at the moment when the compressed wastewater containing only dissolved air is mixed with the mixed wastewater which is solidified. The air content of the compressed waste water is reduced as the air is changed to the bubble, and for this reason there is a problem that the bubble pressure falls.

As a result, there are changes in the time when the bubbles expand and expand and burst in the coagulation / mixing tank, and there is a disadvantage in that sufficient bubbles cannot be made due to the action of the bubbles sticking.

In addition, the wastewater treatment apparatus using the conventional floating separation method floats in a solidification / mixing tank for administering and mixing coagulation medicinal herbs in the wastewater to be purified, and a method of allowing bubbles dissolved in the solution to stick to the coagulation materials. Floating separation tank and the like for separation is a limited way.

In order to solve this problem, a device for purifying wastewater using ozone (O 3) bubbles is known in the art.

This is described in Korean Utility Model Publication No. 0289275, and as shown in FIG. The waste water treatment apparatus 200 which absorbs and floats hardly decomposable substances such as suspended substances and oxidizes them.

However, such a conventional wastewater treatment apparatus 200 has a pressure pump 212 for sucking the wastewater and supplying it to the oxygen / liquid mixer 210, and compressing the wastewater of the oxygen / liquid mixer 210 to the downstream side. It has a compressor 214 for supplying air. The ozone generator 216 for supplying ozone to the waste water of the oxygen / liquid mixer 210 together with the compressed air, and the waste water and compressor 214 and the ozone generator 216 supplied by the pressure pump 212. And an oxygen / liquid mixer 210 and a pressurized tank 220 for mixing compressed air and ozone supplied from the same and dissolving it in waste water.

However, such a conventional wastewater purification device 200 is effective in partially purifying wastewater by using ozone (O₃), but it does not reduce the turbidity of wastewater, especially bacteria or bacteria contained in the wastewater to increase turbidity, It was a problem that can not remove the algae.

In particular, contaminated water in places such as lakes contains green algae, a photosynthetic organism, and grows rapidly when nutrients such as N and P are present. There is a problem of increasing turbidity, generating odors and polluting the surrounding environment.

The present invention is to solve the above problems, the purpose is to obtain a variety of complex water purification effect can effectively treat contaminated water in lakes or ponds, as well as sewage, wastewater, sewage treatment The present invention provides an improved contaminant circulating filtration device to purify and create a clean environment.

In addition, the present invention can be installed at a low cost while minimizing the oxygen inflow, and has a small device structure for other purposes, and it is possible to continuously clean the contaminated water effectively to create a clean environment by enabling continuous water quality management instead of one-time. To provide a contaminated water circulation filtration device.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is an apparatus for purifying contaminated water by circulating filtration,

A contaminated water pump for sucking and supplying contaminated water;

An oxygen supplier for supplying oxygen to the contaminated water at a downstream side of the contaminated water pump;

A dissolution tank for mixing contaminated water and oxygen at a rear side of the oxygen supply and forming contaminated water and oxygen into a trickle with a large surface area to promote dissolution of oxygen;

An ultraviolet projection tank for sterilizing by irradiating ultraviolet light to contaminated water on the downstream side of the dissolution tank; And

And a zeolite storage tank for adsorbing organic matter and / or ammonia on the downstream side of the ultraviolet projection tank.

And the present invention preferably provides a contaminated water circulation filtering device, characterized in that the ultraviolet projection tank is disposed on the front side of the oxygen supply.

In addition, the present invention is preferably the dissolution tank disposed a plurality of cells coaxially inside, the inlet and the outlet of each of the cells to form contaminated water and oxygen in a trickle with a large surface area respectively to dissolve the oxygen It provides a contaminated water circulation filtration device characterized in that to produce a high concentration of dissolved oxygen water, including a porous plate to promote.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

Contaminated water circulation filtering device 1 according to the present invention is to purify the contaminated water by circulating filtration as shown in FIG.

The contaminated water circulating filtration device 1 according to the present invention has a contaminated water pump 30 for sucking and supplying contaminated water from the contaminant source 10, which is connected to the contaminated water to introduce an inlet pipe 32 for sucking contaminated water. And discharges the contaminated water through the discharge pipe 34.

And an oxygen supplier 50 for supplying oxygen to the contaminated water on the downstream side of the contaminated water pump 30. The oxygen supplier 50 is for supplying oxygen into the contaminated water, and contaminated water by connecting an oxygen supply pipe 54 connected to an oxygen generator or a liquefied oxygen storage tank 52 to the contaminated water discharge pipe 34. Oxygen is supplied to the inside.

In addition, the present invention mixes the contaminated water and oxygen at the rear side of the oxygen supply 50, and forms the dissolution tank and the dissolved water 100 to promote the dissolution of oxygen by forming the contaminated water and oxygen in a trickle having a large surface area Equipped.

The dissolution tank 100 is an oxygen dissolving device filed by the present applicant on March 9, 2005, filed for technical evaluation on July 4, 2005, and registered as 0384685 on October 24, 2005.

The dissolution tank 100 is provided with an oxygen supply unit 50 to the front side, the oxygen supply unit 50 through an ejector (ejector 114) provided in the middle portion of the contaminated water inlet pipe 112 through which the contaminated water flows. Inflow of oxygen is achieved.

The ejector 114 has a neck part 116 of an inner diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the contaminated water inlet pipe 112 in front thereof, and an oxygen inlet 116a is formed in the neck 116 to form oxygen. Oxygen is supplied from the feeder 50.

The oxygen supply unit 50 is formed by a pressure tank method, in which oxygen is charged at a predetermined pressure in advance, and an oxygen flow meter 56, a pressure regulator 58, and a valve 60 are disposed in the middle of the oxygen supply pipe 54. Etc. are provided to appropriately adjust the flow rate and pressure of oxygen supplied to the contaminated water inlet pipe (112).

In addition, the ejector 114 can be easily incorporated into the contaminated water while the flow rate is increased and the pressure is reduced while the contaminated water passes through the neck 116. Therefore, the oxygen is smoothly introduced into the contaminated water through the oxygen supplier 50.

As shown in the cross section of FIG. 5, the dissolution tank 100 forms a plurality of partitions 134 to form cells 132 to form flow paths through which contaminated water and oxygen flow. The cells 132 are disposed in the longitudinal direction in the inner space of the hollow body 136 of the dissolution tank 100, the upper and lower ends of the cells 132, on the body 136 of the dissolution tank 100, It is blocked by the bottom.

That is, the lower ends of the cells 132 are fixed to the bottom surface of the dissolution tank 100 and are blocked, and the upper ends of the cells 132 are blocked by the lid 140 of the dissolution tank 100. The lid 140 of the dissolution tank 100 is fixed to the flange 142 formed on the top of the dissolution tank 100 by a bolt 144 or the like, and is fixed to the worker by the lid 140 structure. Internal inspection and replacement of parts of the bath 100 can be easily performed.

Meanwhile, the cells 132 are formed to be coaxial with the longitudinal direction of the dissolution tank 100 by the partition wall 134, and each partition wall 134 constituting the cells 132 is contaminated with the corresponding cell 132. An inlet port 152 for introducing water and an outlet port 154 for achieving outflow of contaminated water and oxygen from the cell 132 to another cell 132 are provided. The arrangement of the inlet 152 and the outlet 154 of the cells 132 is such that the contaminated water and oxygen passing through the cells 132 do not overlap each other, but pass through the adjacent cells 132 in turn. Each of the barrier ribs 134 is formed to have a structure.

In addition, the inlets 152 and the outlets 154 are formed by shifting their positions up and down with each other. As shown in FIG. 6, when the inlet 152 and the outlet 154 are formed in the partition 134 forming one cell 132, the inlet 152 is formed on the upper side. The outlet port 154 is formed at the lower side, and when the inlet port 152 is formed at the lower side, the outlet port 154 is formed at the upper side so that they are provided in the partition wall 134 constituting the cell 132. will be.

In this manner, the contaminated water and oxygen move in the longitudinal direction of the cell 132, and in the course of passing through the plurality of cells 132, as shown in FIG. 4, from the top to the bottom of the cell 132. Oxygen (O 2) or ozone (O 3), such as oxygen (O 2) or ozone (O 3), is dissolved in the contaminated water through a flow pattern that is repeated from bottom to top and again from top to bottom.

In addition, the space P formed between the partition wall 134 forming the cell 132 and the body 136 of the dissolution tank 100 in the process of moving the contaminated water and oxygen into adjacent cells 132. ) May be used to achieve movement between cells 132. Therefore, the contaminated water and oxygens supplied from the oxygen supplier 50 may achieve high concentration of oxygen dissolved in the contaminated water while passing through a very long flow path formed by the plurality of cells 132 of the dissolution tank 100.

In addition, the present invention is mounted on the inlet 152 and the outlet 154 of each of the cells 132, respectively, to form contaminated water and oxygen into a trickle of large surface area to promote the dissolution of oxygen. Plates 170.

The porous plates 170 are mounted to the respective inlets 152 and the outlets 154 by bolts 172 fixed or welded, etc., when contaminated water and oxygen pass through the porous plates 170, Due to the structure, the contaminated water and oxygen are instantly converted into a plurality of trickles, and the contact area between the contaminated water and oxygen is expanded and the dissolution of oxygen is promoted. Reference numeral 180 is a contaminated water pressure gauge, 182 is an on-off valve, 184 is a drain valve.

And the present invention is provided with an ultraviolet projection tank 190 for sterilizing by irradiating the ultraviolet light to the contaminated water on the downstream side of the dissolution tank 100.

The ultraviolet projection tank 190 receives a mixture of contaminated water and oxygen and / or ozone from the dissolution tank 100 through the introduction tube 192, and irradiates ultraviolet rays of various wavelengths in water to prevent algae and / or microorganisms. It kills, oxidizes the organic contaminants and releases them through the discharge tube 194.

In this process, the ultraviolet projection tank 190 allows ozone to be generated by the reaction of the ultraviolet wavelength emitted through the ultraviolet lamp 190a with oxygen molecules in water, and the effect of sterilization and odor removal is obtained.

A plurality of powerful ultraviolet lamps 190a are mounted inside the ultraviolet ray projection bath 190, and a mixture of contaminated water and oxygen passes through the outside of the ultraviolet ray projection tank 190. In this process, ultraviolet rays (UV-C: 200-280 nm) By destroying the DNA inside the membrane and nucleus kills algae and microorganisms in the water and inhibits their proliferation.

In addition, ultraviolet rays (120 to 200 nm) react with oxygen molecules in water to generate ozone, and the generated ozone has a sterilizing deodorizing color removal effect.

In addition, the solubility of oxygen increases by changing the electrical properties and molecular shape of the water by the ultraviolet wavelength, ozone is decomposed to form a strong compound generator oxygen. These generator oxygens destroy the structure of the unsaturated aromatic compounds to remove odor sources.

In addition, such ultraviolet rays kill their algae and microorganisms by exerting their unique sterilization and disinfection.

As described above, the ultraviolet projection bath 190 has a plurality of ultraviolet lamps 190a that generate various ultraviolet spectrums therein. Especially, UV rays of Schumann's rays (184.9 nm) react with oxygen to produce ozone, UV-G (253.7 nm) can obtain strong sterilization action, and UV-A (365 nm) can induce photochemical reaction. As a result, a complex water purification effect can be obtained.

On the other hand, the ultraviolet projection tank 190 may be preferably disposed on the front side of the oxygen supplier 50 as shown in Figure 3, the subject innovation includes all of changing the arrangement order of such devices do.

The present invention also includes a zeolite storage tank 196 that adsorbs organic contaminated water and / or ammonia on the downstream side of the ultraviolet projection tank 190.

The zeolite storage tank 196 is a discharge tube 194 of the ultraviolet projection tank 190 is connected to the lower side, the inside has a plate 198 formed with a plurality of holes (198a), the plate Zeolite 199a is filled at the upper side of 198, and water is discharged to the upper side of the zeolite storage tank 196 to be returned to the place where the first contaminated water was taken out.

In addition, the present invention is filled with activated carbon and germanium (Ge) 199b together with the zeolite 199a in the zeolite storage tank 196.

Zeolite (199a) in the zeolite storage tank 196 as described above is excellent in its adsorption effect with activated carbon, so as to adsorb organic matter and ammonia, etc. of the treated water flowing therein, germanium (199b) It keeps itself in an unstable electronic state and solves the electronic instability of surrounding objects.

That is, the zeolite 199a is capable of adsorbing particulate matter because the basic structure of the zeolite 199a is loose due to loose coupling of atoms due to its crystal structure. To do.

In addition, the germanium 199b has 32 positrons and negative electrons, respectively, and when the electronic properties of the surroundings become unstable, they convert their electronic properties to balance the surrounding cells or materials to a stable state.

Therefore, the zeolite storage tank 196 adsorbs organic matter, algae, microorganisms, and the like in the treated water passing through the dissolution tank 100 and the ultraviolet projection tank 190, and stabilizes the electrical properties of the treated water. The polluted water is discharged to the place where the contaminated water is again taken out to completely remove contaminants of the contaminant 10 and maintain the oxygen concentration at a high concentration.

The polluted water circulation filtering device 1 according to the present invention configured as described above first operates the polluted water pump 30 to suck the polluted water from the polluted source 10 containing the polluted water. The contaminated water that has passed through the contaminated water pump 30 is then mixed with oxygen by an oxygen supply 50 on its downstream side and flows into a dissolution tank 100 located on the rear side of the oxygen supply 50. .

The dissolution tank 100 mixes contaminated water and oxygen, and forms the contaminated water and oxygen in a trickle with a large surface area to promote dissolution of oxygen.

In the dissolution tank 100, when oxygen, such as oxygen (O 2) or ozone (O 3), is mixed into the contaminated water through the oxygen supply unit 50, it passes through a plurality of cells 132 provided in the dissolution tank 100. Done.

In such a case, the oxygen supplier 50 uses the oxygen flow meter 56, the pressure regulator 58, the valve 60, and the like provided in the middle of the oxygen supply pipe 54 to the contaminated water inlet pipe 112. The flow rate and pressure of oxygen to be supplied can be adjusted appropriately, and the state of oxygen mixed into the contaminated water can be optimally managed.

The contaminated water and oxygen in the mixed state are introduced into the dissolution tank 100 to pass through the plurality of cells 132. Here, the cells 132 in the dissolution tank 100 form a flow path that is coaxial with respect to the longitudinal direction of the dissolution tank 100, and because the plurality of cells 132 are formed in parallel with each other in parallel to the structure, The flow paths formed by the cells 132 are made very long by making the most of the inner space of the tank 100.

Therefore, since the inner space of the dissolution tank 100 is effectively utilized, the apparatus structure can be utilized very efficiently, and the oxygen dissolution performance of the dissolution tank 100 can be increased through the passage formed long as described above.

In addition, the dissolution tank 100 according to the present invention has the perforated plate 170 is attached to the inlet 152 and the outlet 154 of the respective cells 132, accordingly between the cells 132 When contaminated water and oxygen move, each time contaminated water and oxygen are divided into thin trickles and repeatedly move between the cells 132, so that the contact area between contaminated water and oxygen becomes large and high concentration is about 90% or more. Oxygen dissolution is possible.

In addition, the contaminated water and oxygen are formed between the partition wall 134 forming the cell 132 and the body 136 of the dissolution tank 100 in the process of moving to adjacent cells 132 ( By using P) it is possible to achieve the movement between the cells 132, it is possible to achieve a high concentration of oxygen dissolved in the contaminated water.

When ozone (O₃) is dissolved, sterilized contaminated water can be obtained using the sterilization performance of ozone.

In addition, the contaminated water exiting the dissolution tank 100 is subjected to an ultraviolet projection tank 190 for sterilizing by irradiating ultraviolet rays from the downstream side.

In the ultraviolet projection tank 190, ultraviolet rays are projected to generate an ozone decomposition reaction, and the decomposed ozone is contained in the contaminated water and reacts with carbon components such as green algae introduced to generate carbon dioxide gas.

In other words, when carbon components or carbon compounds generated by decay of green algae react with ozone, they produce Co or CO ₂ , and these carbon dioxide gases pass through the zeolite storage tank 196 on the downstream side with contaminated water. Next, while being discharged to the pollutant 10 is evaporated to the atmosphere.

In this process, carbon components or carbon compounds generated by decaying green algae are removed, and decaying green algae are removed from contaminated water.

The zeolite storage tank 196 located at the rear side of the ultraviolet projection tank 190 adsorbs organic substances and / or ammonia from contaminated water.

This is because the zeolite 199a contained in the zeolite storage tank 196 loosens the bonds of atoms in its crystal structure, thereby adsorbing and removing particulate matter therebetween.

In addition, the germanium 199b converts the treated water generated by purifying the contaminated water to a stable state.

Through such a process, pollutants such as green algae, nitrogen or phosphorus and its compounds are greatly reduced and purified in the contaminated water.

As described above, according to the present invention, through various complex water purification processes including ozone sterilization treatment, ultraviolet sterilization treatment and microadsorption treatment, sewage, waste water, sewage treatment, as well as pollution in lakes or ponds, such as lakes or ponds It is possible to effectively purify the purified water and to maintain a clean environment.

In addition, the present invention has a compact device structure such as an ultraviolet projection tank, a dissolution tank, and a zeolite storage tank, and can be installed at a low cost while minimizing oxygen inflow. It is very effective at doing this.

Although the present invention has been shown and described with reference to specific embodiments by way of example, the present invention is not limited to this specific structure. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention can be modified and modified in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention described in the following Utility Model Registration Claims. Nevertheless, it is intended to be clear that all such modifications and variations are included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

In the apparatus for purifying contaminated water by circulating filtration, A contaminated water pump for sucking and supplying contaminated water; An oxygen supplier for supplying oxygen to the contaminated water at a downstream side of the contaminated water pump; A dissolution tank for mixing contaminated water and oxygen at a rear side of the oxygen supply and forming contaminated water and oxygen into a trickle with a large surface area to promote dissolution of oxygen; An ultraviolet projection tank for sterilizing by irradiating ultraviolet light to contaminated water on the downstream side of the dissolution tank; And And a zeolite storage tank for adsorbing organic matter and / or ammonia on the downstream side of the ultraviolet projection tank. The contaminated water circulation filtering apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the ultraviolet projection tank is disposed at the front side of the oxygen supplier. According to claim 1 or 2, wherein the dissolution tank is arranged a plurality of cells coaxially therein, the inlet and outlet of each of the cells by forming contaminated water and oxygen in a trickle with a large surface area, respectively A contaminated water circulating filtration device for producing a high concentration of dissolved oxygen water, including porous plates that promote dissolution of oxygen. The contaminant circulating filtration device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the zeolite storage tank is filled with germanium (Ge) together with the zeolite. According to claim 3, The dissolution tank is provided with an ejector (ejector) in the middle portion of the contaminated water inlet pipe flowing water, the ejector is a neck part of the inner diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the contaminated water inlet pipe in front And a gas inlet is formed in the neck to supply oxygen from an oxygen supply. 5. The polluted water circulating filtration apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein the zeolite storage tank is filled with activated carbon together with zeolite and germanium (Ge).

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