KR20040105208A - Haloacetamide and azide substituted compounds and methods of use thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

In one aspect, the present invention provides an androgen receptor targeting agent (ARTA) which comprises a haloacetamide or azide moiety and is an alkylating agent. The medicament defines a new subclass of compounds, which are selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) and, whether alone or as a composition, a) male contraception; b) various hormone-related symptoms such as tiredness, depression, reduced libido, sexual disorders, erectile dysfunction, hypogonadism, osteoporosis, hair loss, anemia, obesity, sarcopenia, osteopenia, prostatic hyperplasia, emotions And treatment of symptoms associated with androgen reduction (ADAM) in older men, such as cognitive changes and prostate cancer; c) women, such as sexual disorders, decreased libido, hypogonadism, sarcopenia, osteopenia, osteoporosis, cognitive and emotional changes, depression, anemia, hair loss, obesity, endometriosis, breast cancer, uterine cancer and ovarian cancer Treatment of symptoms associated with androgen reduction (ADIF) in women; d) treatment and / or prevention of acute and / or chronic myotropia; e) prevention and / or treatment of dry eyes; f) oral androgen replacement therapy; g) reducing the incidence, arrest or decline of prostate cancer; And / or h) induce apoptosis in cancer cells.

Description

HALOACETAMIDE AND AZIDE SUBSTITUTED COMPOUNDS AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF}

Androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-activated transcriptional regulatory protein that mediates function through the induction of sexual development in men and its activity with endogenous androgens. Androgens are generally known as sex hormones in men. Androgen hormones are steroids produced in the body by the testes and adrenal cortex and can be synthesized in the laboratory. Androgenic steroids play an important role in many physiological processes, including the development and maintenance of male sexual features such as muscle and bone mass, prostate growth, spermatogenesis, and male hair pattern (Matsumoto, Endocrinol. Met. Clin N. Am. 23: 857-75 (1994). The endogenous steroid-based androgens include testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Testosterone is the major steroid secreted by the testes and is the major circulating androgen found in male plasma. Testosterone is converted to DHT by enzyme 5 alpha-reductase in many surrounding tissues. DHT is therefore thought to act as an intracellular mediator for most androgen action (Zhou, et al., Molec. Endocrinol. 9: 208-18 (1995)). Other steroidal androgens include testosterones such as cypionate, propionate, phenylpropionate, cyclopentylpropionate, isocarporate, enanthalate and decanoate esters. Esters, and other synthetic androgens such as 7-methyl-Nortestosterone (MENT: 7-Methyl-Nortestosterone) and acetate esters thereof (Sundaram et al., “7 Alpha-Methyl-Nortestosterone (MENT): The Optimal Androgen For Male Contraception, "Ann. Med., 25: 199-205 (1993) (" Sundaram ")). Since AR is involved in male sexual development and function, AR is a promising target for practicing male contraception or other types of hormone replacement therapy.

Global population growth and social awareness of family planning have stimulated much research on contraception. Contraception is a difficult task. This is accompanied by cultural and social blemishes, religious connections and, above all, significant health concerns. If the focus is on male contraception, this situation will only get worse. Despite the availability of suitable contraceptive mechanisms, historically, society has seen women as responsible for contraceptive decisions and their consequences. Concerns about sexually transmitted diseases have made men more aware of the need for safe and responsible sexual habits, but women are still faced with contraceptive options. Women have many choices, from temporary mechanical devices such as sponges and diaphragms for contraception to temporary chemical devices such as spermicides. Women also optionally have more permanent choices, such as physical instruments, including IUDs and cervical caps, and more permanent chemical treatments such as contraceptive drugs and subcutaneous insertion. However, to date, useful options for men only include condoms and vasectomy. However, the use of condoms is not favored by many men because of their reduced sexuality, disturbed sexual spontaneity, and the possibility of significant pregnancy due to breakage or misuse. I don't like vasectomy. If more convenient methods of contraception, especially long-term methods that do not require prior preparation just before sexual activity, are available to men, such methods will significantly increase the likelihood that men will be more responsible for contraception.

Administration of male sex steroids (eg, testosterone and derivatives thereof) has been shown to be particularly promising due to the combined gonadotropin-inhibitory and androgen-replacement properties of these compounds (Steinberger et al., "Effect of Chronic Administration of Testosterone Enanthalate on Sperm Production and Plasma Testosterone, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, and Luteinizing Hormone Levels: A Preliminary Evaluation of a Possible Male Contraceptive, Fertility and Sterility 28: 1320-28 (1977). Completely eliminates sperm production (azoospermia) or reduces it to very low levels (oligospermia) .The degree of spermatogenesis suppression required for infertility is not exactly known, but a recent report from the World Health Organization. Weekly intramuscular injection of testosterone enthalate Schizophrenia (i.e. less than 30,000 sperm per ml) and 98% of men receiving therapy have been shown to cause infertility (World Health Organization Task Force on Methods and Regulation of Male Fertility, "Contraceptive Efficacy of Testosterone-Induced Azoospermia and Oligospermia in Normal Men, "Fertility and Sterility 65: 821-29 (1996)).

Various testosterone esters have been developed that are absorbed more slowly after intramuscular injection and thus result in greater androgenic effects. Testosterone enanthalate is the most widely used of these esters. Testosterone enanthate has been valued in terms of establishing the potential of hormonal agents for male contraception, but it has some drawbacks including the presence of superphysiological peak levels of testosterone immediately after weekly and intramuscular injections (Wu, "Effects of Testosterone Enanthalate in Normal Men: Experience From a Multicenter Contraceptive Efficacy Study," Fertility and Sterility 65: 626-36 (1996).

Steroid-based ligands that bind to AR and act as androgens (eg testosterone enanthate) or anti-androgens (eg cyproterone acetate) have been known for many years and have been used clinically (Wu 1998). Nonsteroidal antiandrogens have been used clinically for hormone dependent prostate cancer, but nonsteroidal androgens have not been reported yet. For this reason, research on male contraception has focused only on steroidal compounds.

Prostate cancer is one of the most frequent cancers among men in the United States, with hundreds of thousands diagnosed each year. Unfortunately, more than 60% of newly diagnosed prostate cancers are found to be pathologically advanced, with no cure, and have a terrible prognosis. One approach to this problem is to reduce the number of advanced prostate cancer patients by early detection of prostate cancer through screening programs. However, another strategy is to develop drugs to prevent prostate cancer. One third of men over 50 have a latent form of prostate cancer that can become a life-threatening form of clinical prostate cancer. The frequency of latent prostate tumors has been shown to increase substantially with each generation from the 50s (5.3-14%) to the 90s (40-80%). The number of people with latent prostate cancer is the same across all cultures, ethnicities and races, but the frequency of clinically advanced cancers is significantly different. This suggests that environmental factors play a role in activating latent prostate cancer. Therefore, the development of treatment and prevention strategies for prostate cancer has the greatest impact on prostate cancer both medically and economically.

Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by low bone mass and degeneration of bone tissue and the resulting increased bone fragility and ease of fracture. In the United States, the disease occurs in more than 2500 million people and causes fractures in more than 1.3 million people, including 500,000 vertebrae, 250,000 pelvis, and 240,000 wrist fractures each year. Pelvic fractures are the result of the most severe osteoporosis, with 5-20% of patients dying within one year, with over 50% of survivors being disabled. The elderly are at the highest risk of osteoporosis and are therefore expected to increase significantly with the aging of the population. The worldwide onset of fractures is expected to triple in the next 60 years, and one study predicts that there will be 4.5 million pelvic fractures worldwide in 2050.

Women are at a higher risk of osteoporosis than men. Women experience a steep acceleration of bone loss for five years after menopause. Other factors that increase the risk include smoking, alcohol abuse, sedentary lifestyles, and low calcium intake. However, osteoporosis occurs frequently in men. It is well known that bone mineral density in men decreases with age. Reduced amounts of bone mineral content and density are associated with reduced bone strength and facilitate fractures. The molecular mechanisms underlying the multifaceted effects of sex hormones in non-reproductive tissues are only beginning to be understood, but it is clear that the physiological concentrations of androgens and estrogens play an important role in maintaining bone homeostasis throughout the life cycle. . As a result, when androgen or estrogen deficiency occurs, the rate of bone remodeling that inclines the balance of resorption and formation towards resorption contributes to the overall loss of bone mass. In men, the natural decrease in sex hormones during maturation (direct reduction of androgens, and lower levels of estrogens derived from peripheral androgen aromatization) is associated with bone fragility. This is also observed in castrated men.

Androgen reduction (ADAM) in older men means a gradual decrease in androgen production common in men after middle age. The syndrome is characterized by altered correlated physical and intellectual domains and can be repaired by manipulation of the androgen environment. ADAM is biochemically characterized by a decrease in serum androgens as well as other hormones such as growth hormones, melatonin and dehydroepiandrosterone. Clinical signs include tiredness, depression, decreased libido, sexual disorders, erectile dysfunction, hypogonadism, osteoporosis, hair loss, obesity, sarcopenia, osteopenia, benign prostate hyperplasia , Anemia, emotional and cognitive changes, and prostate cancer.

Androgen deficiency (ADIF) in women refers to a variety of hormone-related symptoms common to women after middle age. The syndromes include sexual disorders, reduced libido, hypogonadism, sarcopenia, osteopenia, osteoporosis, cognitive and emotional changes, anemia, depression, hair loss, obesity, endometriosis, breast cancer, uterine cancer and ovarian cancer .

Muscle wasting refers to gradual loss of muscle mass and / or gradual weakening and degeneration of muscles, including skeletal or veterinary muscles that regulate exercise, myocardium, and regulate the heart (cardiomyopathics) and smooth muscle. Chronic muscle wasting is a chronic condition characterized by a gradual loss of muscle mass, muscle weakness and degeneration (ie, long-term persistence). Muscle mass loss that occurs during muscle wasting is characterized by muscle protein destruction or degradation. Proteolysis occurs due to abnormally high proteolysis rate, abnormally low protein synthesis rate, or a combination thereof. Proteolysis leads to muscle mass loss and muscle wasting, whether caused by high levels of proteolysis or by low levels of protein synthesis. Muscle wasting is associated with chronic, neurological, genetic or infectious pathology, disease, illness or symptoms. These include Muscular Dystrophy, such as Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Myotonic Dystrophy; Muscle atrophy, such as Post-polio Muscle Atrophy (PPMA); Cachexia, malnutrition, leprosy, obesity, kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, such as Cardiac Cachexia, AIDS Cachexia, and Cancer Cachexia Pulmonary Disease (COPD), cancer, end stage renal failure, Emphysema, Osteomalacia, HIV infection, AIDS, and Cardiomyopathy. In addition, other circumstances and symptoms are associated and can cause muscle wasting. These include chronic lower back pain, age increase, central nervous system (CNS) damage, peripheral nerve damage, spinal injury, chemical damage, central nervous system (CNS) injury, peripheral nerve injury, spinal injury, chemical injury, burns, limbs. Deterioration of physical condition that occurs during fixation, prolonged hospitalization due to disease or injury, and alcoholism. Muscle wasting can lead to extreme health if left unattended. For example, changes that occur during muscle wasting can result in a weakened physical condition that is detrimental to an individual's health, which leads to increased ease of infection, poorer working conditions and increased ease of injury.

A) male contraception, both in basic science and at the clinical level; b) treatment of various hormone-related symptoms such as androgen Decline in Aging Male (ADAM) in older men; c) treatment of symptoms associated with androgen reduction (ADIF) in women; d) treatment and / or prevention of acute and / or chronic myotropia; e) prevention and / or treatment of dry eyes; f) oral androgen replacement therapy; And / or g) new innovative approaches to the development of compounds useful for reducing, stopping or reducing the incidence of prostate cancer are desired.

The invention has been carried out with government support under license number R29 CA068096, licensed by the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, and license number R15 HD35329, licensed by the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Pediatric Health and Human Development. The government has certain rights in the invention.

The present invention relates to an androgen receptor targeting agent (ARTA) having a haloacetamide or azide moiety and which is an alkylating agent. The medicament includes a) male contraception; b) treatment of various hormone-related symptoms such as androgen Decline in Aging Male (ADAM) in older men; c) treatment of symptoms associated with androgen reduction (ADIF) in women; d) treatment and / or prevention of acute and / or chronic myotropia; e) prevention and / or treatment of dry eyes; f) oral androgen replacement therapy; g) reducing the incidence, arrest or decline of prostate cancer; And / or h) induce apoptosis in cancer cells.

Summary of the Invention

In one aspect, the invention provides an androgen receptor targeting agent (ARTA) comprising a haloacetamide or azide moiety and being an alkylating agent. The medicament, alone or as a composition, may comprise: a) male contraception; b) various hormone-related symptoms such as tiredness, depression, reduced libido, sexual disorders, erectile dysfunction, hypogonadism, osteoporosis, hair loss, anemia, obesity, sarcopenia, osteopenia, prostatic hyperplasia, emotions And treatment of symptoms associated with androgen reduction (ADAM) in older men, such as cognitive changes and prostate cancer; c) women, such as sexual disorders, reduced libido, hypogonadism, sarcopenia, osteopenia, osteoporosis, cognitive and emotional changes, depression, anemia, hair loss, obesity, endometriosis, breast cancer, uterine cancer and ovarian cancer Treatment of symptoms associated with androgen reduction (ADIF) in women; d) treatment and / or prevention of acute and / or chronic myotropia; e) prevention and / or treatment of dry eyes; f) oral androgen replacement therapy; g) reducing the incidence, arrest or decline of prostate cancer; And / or h) induce apoptosis in cancer cells.

In one aspect, the invention provides selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) compounds represented by the structure of Formula I:

Where

X is a bond, O, CH ₂ , NH, S Se, PR, NO or NR;

G is O or S;

T is OH, OR, -NHCOCH ₃ , or NHCOR;

R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , aryl, phenyl, halogen, alkenyl, or OH;

R ₁ is CH ₃ , CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CH ₂ CH ₃ , or CF ₂ CF ₃ ;

R ₂ is F, Cl, Br, I, CH ₃ , CF ₃ , OH, CN, NO ₂ , NHCOCH ₃ , NHCOCF ₃ , NHCOR, alkyl, arylalkyl, OR, NH ₂ , NHR, NR ₂ , or SR ;

R ₃ is F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO ₂ , COR, COOH, CONHR, CF ₃ , or SnR ₃ , or R ₃ together with the benzene ring to which it is attached represents a fused ring system represented by the following structure: Forming:

or

Z is NO ₂ , CN, COR, COOH, or CONHR;

Y is CF ₃ , F, Br, Cl, I, CN, or SnR ₃ ;

Q is N ₃ or NHCOCH ₂ Hal;

Hal is halogen;

n is an integer from 1 to 4;

m is an integer of 1-3.

In another aspect, the invention provides analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates or N-oxides, or any combination thereof, of the compound of formula I above.

In one embodiment, G in compound I is O. In another embodiment, X in compound I is O. In another embodiment, T in compound I is OH. In another embodiment, R ₁ in compound I is CH ₃ . In another embodiment, Z in compound I is NO ₂ . In another embodiment, Z in compound I is CN. In another embodiment Y in compound I is CF ₃ . In another embodiment, Q in compound I is NHCOCH ₂ Br. In another embodiment, Q in compound I is N ₃ . In another embodiment, Q in compound I is a para position. In another embodiment, Z in compound I is a para position. In another embodiment, Y in compound I is a meta position.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) compound represented by the structure of formula II:

Where

X is a bond, O, CH ₂ , NH, S, Se, PR, NO or NR;

G is O or S;

R ₁ is CH ₃ , CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CH ₂ CH ₃ , or CF ₂ CF ₃ ;

T is OH, OR, -NHCOCH ₃ , or NHCOR;

R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , aryl, phenyl, halogen, alkenyl, or OH;

A is a ring selected from:

And

B is a ring selected from:

And

Wherein A and B cannot be benzene rings at the same time;

Z is NO ₂ , CN, COOH, COR, NHCOR, or CONHR;

Y is CF ₃ , F, I, Br, Cl, CN CR ₃ , or SnR ₃ ;

Q ₁ is N ₃ or NHCOCH ₂ Hal;

Hal is halogen;

Q ₂ is hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, CF ₃ , CN CR ₃ , SnR ₃ , NR ₂ , NHCOCH ₃ , NHCOCF ₃ , NHCOR, NHCONHR, NHCOOR, OCONHR, CONHR, NHCSCH ₃ , NHCSCF ₃ , NHCSR NHSO ₂ CH ₃ , NHSO ₂ R, OR, COR, OCOR, OSO ₂ R, SO ₂ R, SR,

or ego;

Q ₃ and Q ₄ independently of one another are hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, CF ₃ , CN CR ₃ , SnR ₃ , NR ₂ , NHCOCH ₃ , NHCOCF ₃ , NHCOR, NHCONHR, NHCOOR, OCONHR, CONHR, NHCSCH ₃ , NHCSCF ₃ , NHCSR NHSO ₂ CH ₃ , NHSO ₂ R, OR, COR, OCOR, OSO ₂ R, SO ₂ R, or SR;

W ₁ is O, NH, NR, NO, or S;

W ₂ is N or NO.

In another aspect, the invention provides analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates or N-oxides, or any combination thereof, of the compound of formula II above.

In one aspect, G in compound II is O. In another aspect, X in compound II is O. In another aspect, T in compound II is OH. In another aspect, R ₁ in compound II is CH ₃ . In another aspect, Z in compound II is NO ₂ . In another aspect, Z in compound II is CN. In another aspect, Y in compound II is CF ₃ . In another aspect, Q ₁ in compound II is NHCOCH ₂ Cl. In another aspect, Q ₁ in compound II is N ₃ . In another aspect, Q ₁ in compound II is a para position. In another aspect, Z in compound II is a para position. In another aspect, Y in compound II is a meta position.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) compound represented by the structure of Formula III:

Where

X is a bond, O, CH ₂ , NH, S, Se, PR, NO, or NR;

G is O or S;

T is OH, OR, -NHCOCH ₃ , or NHCOR;

Z is NO ₂ , CN, COOH, COR, NHCOR, or CONHR;

Y is CF ₃ , F, I, Br, Cl, CN, CR ₃ or SnR ₃ ;

Q is N ₃ or NHCOCH ₂ Hal;

Hal is halogen;

R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , aryl, phenyl, halogen, alkenyl or OH;

R ₁ is CH ₃ , CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CH ₂ CH ₃ , or CF ₂ CF ₃ .

In another aspect, the invention provides analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates or N-oxides, or any combination thereof, of the compound of formula III above.

In one aspect, G in compound III is O. In another aspect, X in compound III is O. In another aspect, T in compound III is OH. In another aspect, R ₁ in compound III is CH ₃ . In another aspect, Z in compound III is NO ₂ . In another aspect, Z in compound III is CN. In another aspect, Y in compound III is CF ₃ . In another aspect, Q in compound III is NHCOCH ₂ Br. In another aspect, Q in compound III is N ₃ . In another aspect, Q in compound III is a para position. In another aspect, Z in compound III is a para position. In another aspect, Y in compound III is a meta position.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) compound represented by the structure of Formula IV:

Where

X is a bond, O, CH ₂ , NH, S, Se, PR, NO or NR;

Z is NO ₂ , CN, COOH, COR, NHCOR, or CONHR;

Y is CF ₃ , F, I, Br, Cl, CN, CR ₃ , or SnR ₃ ;

Q is N ₃ or NHCOCH ₂ Hal;

Hal is halogen;

R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , aryl, phenyl, halogen, alkenyl or OH.

In another aspect, the present invention provides analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates or N-oxides, or any combination thereof, of the compound of Formula IV above.

In another aspect, X in compound IV is O. In another aspect, Z in compound IV is NO ₂ . In another aspect, Z in compound IV is CN. In another aspect, Y in compound IV is CF ₃ . In another aspect, Q in compound IV is NHCOCH ₂ Cl. In another aspect, Q in compound IV is NHCOCH ₂ Br. In another aspect, Q in compound IV is N ₃ .

In another aspect, any SARM compound of Formula I-IV is an alkylating agent. In another aspect, the SARM compound of any of Formulas I-IV is an androgen receptor agonist. In another aspect, any SARM compound of formula I-V is an androgen receptor antagonist.

In another aspect, the invention provides any of the selective androgen receptor modulator compounds of Formula I-IV and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates, N-oxides, or Provided are compositions comprising any combination of these.

In another aspect, the invention provides any of the selective androgen receptor modulator compounds of Formula I-IV and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates, N-oxides, or Any combination thereof; And a suitable carrier or diluent.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a selective androgen receptor modulator compound of any of Formulas I-IV and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates, N-oxides, Or contacting any combination thereof with the androgen receptor in an amount effective to inhibit sperm production, further providing a method of inhibiting spermatogenesis in a subject.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a selective androgen receptor modulator compound of any of Formulas I-IV and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates, N-oxides, Or administering any combination thereof to the subject in an amount effective to effect contraception in the subject by inhibiting sperm production in the male subject.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a selective androgen receptor modulator compound of any of Formulas I-IV and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates, N-oxides, Or contacting any combination thereof with the androgen receptor of the subject and the selective androgen receptor modulator compound to the androgen receptor and in an amount effective to alter androgen-dependent symptoms. to provide.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a selective androgen receptor modulator compound of any of Formulas I-IV and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates, N-oxides, Or contacting any combination thereof with the androgen receptor of the subject in an amount effective to alter the androgen-dependent condition.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a selective androgen receptor modulator compound of any of Formulas I-IV and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates, N-oxides, Or any combination thereof, comprising administering to said subject a subject with hormone-related symptoms in an amount effective to bind said selective androgen receptor modulator compound to said androgen receptor and to change androgen-dependent symptoms. Eggplant further provides a method of treating a subject.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a selective androgen receptor modulator compound of any of Formulas I-IV and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates, N-oxides, Or any combination thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject an amount effective to treat prostate cancer in the subject having prostate cancer.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a selective androgen receptor modulator compound of any of Formulas I-IV and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates, N-oxides, Or any combination thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject an amount sufficient to prevent prostate cancer in the subject.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a selective androgen receptor modulator compound of any of Formulas I-IV and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates, N-oxides, Or any combination thereof, comprising administering to the subject an amount effective to delay the progression of the prostate cancer in the subject having prostate cancer. do.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a selective androgen receptor modulator compound of any of Formulas I-IV and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates, N-oxides, Or any combination thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject an amount effective to prevent recurrence of the prostate cancer in the subject having prostate cancer, a method of preventing recurrence of prostate cancer in a subject having prostate cancer to provide.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a selective androgen receptor modulator compound of any of Formulas I-IV and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates, N-oxides, Or administering any combination thereof to the subject in an amount effective to treat the recurrence of prostate cancer in the subject having prostate cancer. to provide.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a selective androgen receptor modulator compound of any of Formulas I-IV and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates, N-oxides, Or any combination thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject an amount effective to treat dry eye in the subject having dry eye.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a selective androgen receptor modulator compound of any of Formulas I-IV and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates, N-oxides, Or any combination thereof, comprising administering to the subject an amount effective to prevent dry eye in the subject.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a selective androgen receptor modulator compound of any of Formulas I-IV and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates, N-oxides, Or contacting any combination thereof and prostate cancer cells in an amount effective to induce apoptosis in said cancer cells.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) compound represented by the structure of formula I,

(Wherein

X is a bond, O, CH ₂ , NH, S Se, PR, NO or NR;

G is O or S;

T is OH, OR, -NHCOCH ₃ , or NHCOR;

R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , aryl, phenyl, halogen, alkenyl, or OH;

R ₁ is CH ₃ , CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CH ₂ CH ₃ , or CF ₂ CF ₃ ;

R ₂ is F, Cl, Br, I, CH ₃ , CF ₃ , OH, CN, NO ₂ , NHCOCH ₃ , NHCOCF ₃ , NHCOR, alkyl, arylalkyl, OR, NH ₂ , NHR, NR ₂ , or SR ;

R ₃ is F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO ₂ , COR, COOH, CONHR, CF ₃ , or SnR ₃ , or R ₃ together with the benzene ring to which it is attached represents a fused ring system represented by the following structure: Forming:

or

Z is NO ₂ , CN, COR, COOH, or CONHR;

Y is CF ₃ , F, Br, Cl, I, CN, or SnR ₃ ;

Q is N ₃ or NHCOCH ₂ Hal;

Hal is halogen;

n is an integer from 1 to 4;

m is an integer of 1 to 3.)

A method comprising coupling a compound of Formula VIII with a compound of Formula IX:

(Wherein Z, Y, G, R ₁ , T, R ₃ and m are as defined above and L is a leaving group)

Wherein Q, X, R ₂ and n are as defined above.

In another aspect, the coupling step is performed in the presence of a base. In another aspect, the leaving group L is Br. In another aspect, the compound of formula VIII is prepared by the following steps:

a) preparing a compound of formula X by ring-opening reaction of a compound of formula XI:

Wherein L, R ₁ , G and T are as defined above and T ₁ is O or NH; And

b) in the presence of a coupling agent, an amine of formula

(Wherein Z, Y, R ₃ and m are as defined above)

Reacting with a compound of Formula X to produce a compound of Formula VIII:

In one aspect, step (a) is carried out in the presence of HBr. In another aspect, the method converts the selective receptor modulator (SARM) compound to an analog, isomer, metabolite, derivative, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, pharmaceutical product, N-oxide, hydrate or any combination thereof. It further comprises a step.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) compound represented by the structure of formula II,

(Wherein

X is a bond, O, CH ₂ , NH, S, Se, PR, NO or NR;

G is O or S;

R ₁ is CH ₃ , CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CH ₂ CH ₃ , or CF ₂ CF ₃ ;

T is OH, OR, -NHCOCH ₃ , or NHCOR;

R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , aryl, phenyl, halogen, alkenyl, or OH;

A is a ring selected from:

And

B is a ring selected from:

And

Wherein A and B cannot be benzene rings at the same time;

Z is NO ₂ , CN, COOH, COR, NHCOR, or CONHR;

Y is CF ₃ , F, I, Br, Cl, CN CR ₃ , or SnR ₃ ;

Q ₁ is N ₃ or NHCOCH ₂ Hal;

Hal is halogen;

Q ₂ is hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, CF ₃ , CN CR ₃ , SnR ₃ , NR ₂ , NHCOCH ₃ , NHCOCF ₃ , NHCOR, NHCONHR, NHCOOR, OCONHR, CONHR, NHCSCH ₃ , NHCSCF ₃ , NHCSR NHSO ₂ CH ₃ , NHSO ₂ R, OR, COR, OCOR, OSO ₂ R, SO ₂ R, SR,

or ego;

Q ₃ and Q ₄ independently of one another are hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, CF ₃ , CN CR ₃ , SnR ₃ , NR ₂ , NHCOCH ₃ , NHCOCF ₃ , NHCOR, NHCONHR, NHCOOR, OCONHR, CONHR, NHCSCH ₃ , NHCSCF ₃ , NHCSR NHSO ₂ CH ₃ , NHSO ₂ R, OR, COR, OCOR, OSO ₂ R, SO ₂ R, or SR;

W ₁ is O, NH, NR, NO, or S;

W ₂ is N or NO.)

Compound of formula (XIII)

(Wherein A, G, R ₁ and T are as defined above and L is a leaving group).

Compound of Formula HX-B, wherein B and X are as defined above

It provides a method comprising the step of coupling with.

In one aspect, the coupling step is carried out in the presence of a base. In another aspect, the leaving group L is Br. In another embodiment, the compound of formula XIII is prepared by the following steps:

a) preparing a compound of formula X by ring-opening reaction of a ring compound of formula XI:

(Wherein L, R ₁ , G and T are as defined above and T ₁ is O or NH)

b) reacting an amine of formula A-NH ₂ (wherein A is as defined above) with a compound of formula X in the presence of a coupling agent to produce an amide of formula XIII:

In one aspect, step (a) is carried out in the presence of HBr. In another aspect, the method converts the selective receptor modulator (SARM) compound to an analog, isomer, metabolite, derivative, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, pharmaceutical product, N-oxide, hydrate or any combination thereof. It further comprises a step.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) compound represented by the structure of formula III,

(Wherein

X is a bond, O, CH ₂ , NH, S, Se, PR, NO, or NR;

G is O or S;

T is OH, OR, -NHCOCH ₃ , or NHCOR;

Z is NO ₂ , CN, COOH, COR, NHCOR, or CONHR;

Y is CF ₃ , F, I, Br, Cl, CN, CR ₃ or SnR ₃ ;

Q is N ₃ or NHCOCH ₂ Hal;

Hal is halogen;

R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , aryl, phenyl, halogen, alkenyl or OH;

R ₁ is CH ₃ , CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CH ₂ CH ₃ , or CF ₂ CF _3. )

Compound of formula XIV

(Wherein Z, Y, G, R ₁ and T are as defined above and L is a leaving group)

A method comprising coupling with a compound of Formula XV is provided:

Wherein Q and X are as defined above.

In one aspect, the coupling step is carried out in the presence of a base. In another aspect, the leaving group L is Br. In another aspect, the compound of formula XIV is prepared by the following steps:

a) preparing a compound of formula X by ring-opening reaction of a ring compound of formula XI:

Wherein L, R ₁ , and T are as defined above, G is O, and T ₁ is O or NH; And

b) in the presence of a coupling agent, an amine of formula XVI

Reacting with a compound of Formula X to produce a compound of Formula XIV:

In one aspect, step (a) is carried out in the presence of HBr. In another aspect, the method converts the selective receptor modulator (SARM) compound to an analog, isomer, metabolite, derivative, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, pharmaceutical product, N-oxide, hydrate or any combination thereof. It further comprises a step.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) compound represented by the structure of formula IV,

(Wherein

X is a bond, O, NH, S, Se, PR, or NR;

Z is NO ₂ , CN, COOH, COR, NHCOR, or CONHR;

Y is CF ₃ , F, I, Br, Cl, CN, CR ₃ , or SnR ₃ ;

Q is N ₃ or NHCOCH ₂ Hal;

Hal is halogen;

R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , aryl, phenyl, halogen, alkenyl or OH.)

The amide of formula XVII

(Wherein Z and Y are as defined above and L is a leaving group)

A method comprising coupling with a compound of Formula XVIII is provided:

Wherein Q and X are as defined above.

In one aspect, the coupling step is carried out in the presence of a base. In another aspect, the leaving group L is Br. In another aspect, the compound of formula XVII is prepared by the following steps:

a) preparing a compound of formula X by ring-opening reaction of a ring compound of formula XI:

(Wherein L, R ₁ and T are as defined above, G is O, T ₁ is O or NH); And

b) in the presence of a coupling agent, an amine of formula XVIX:

Reacting with a compound of Formula X to produce a compound of Formula XVII:

In one aspect, step (a) is carried out in the presence of HBr. In another aspect, the method further comprises purifying the SARM compound using a mixture of ethanol and water. In another aspect, the method comprises replacing the selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) compound with its analogs, isomers, metabolites, derivatives, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, N-oxides, hydrates or any combination thereof. Further comprising the step of converting.

The novel selective androgen receptor modulator compounds of the present invention, whether alone or as pharmaceutical compositions, comprise a) male contraception; b) various hormone-related symptoms such as tiredness, depression, reduced libido, sexual disorders, erectile dysfunction, hypogonadism, osteoporosis, hair loss, anemia, obesity, sarcopenia, osteopenia, prostatic hyperplasia, emotions And treatment of symptoms associated with androgen reduction (ADAM) in older men, such as cognitive changes and prostate cancer; c) women, such as sexual disorders, reduced libido, hypogonadism, sarcopenia, osteopenia, osteoporosis, cognitive and emotional changes, depression, anemia, hair loss, obesity, endometriosis, breast cancer, uterine cancer and ovarian cancer Treatment of symptoms associated with androgen reduction (ADIF) in women; d) treatment and / or prevention of acute and / or chronic myotropia; e) prevention and / or treatment of dry eyes; f) oral androgen replacement therapy; g) reducing the incidence, arrest or decline of prostate cancer; And / or h) induce apoptosis in cancer cells.

Treatment of the selective androgen receptor modulator compounds of the present invention has oral bioavailability, lack of cross-reactivity with other steroid receptors and long-term biological half-lives, without involving serious side effects, inconvenient modes of administration or high cost, compared to steroidal androgens. Provide significant advantages.

Detailed description of the invention

In one aspect, the invention provides an androgen receptor targeting agent (ARTA) having a haloacetamide or azide moiety and being an alkylating agent. The medicament, alone or as a composition, may comprise: a) male contraception; b) various hormone-related symptoms such as tiredness, depression, reduced libido, sexual disorders, erectile dysfunction, hypogonadism, osteoporosis, hair loss, anemia, obesity, sarcopenia, osteopenia, prostatic hyperplasia, emotions And treatment of symptoms associated with androgen reduction (ADAM) in older men, such as cognitive changes and prostate cancer; c) women, such as sexual disorders, reduced libido, hypogonadism, sarcopenia, osteopenia, osteoporosis, cognitive and emotional changes, depression, anemia, hair loss, obesity, endometriosis, breast cancer, uterine cancer and ovarian cancer Treatment of symptoms associated with androgen reduction (ADIF) in women; d) treatment and / or prevention of acute and / or chronic myotropia; e) prevention and / or treatment of dry eyes; f) oral androgen replacement therapy; g) reducing the incidence, arrest or decline of prostate cancer; And / or h) induce apoptosis in cancer cells.

In one aspect, the invention provides selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) compounds represented by the structure of Formula I:

Where

X is a bond, O, CH ₂ , NH, S Se, PR, NO or NR;

G is O or S;

T is OH, OR, -NHCOCH ₃ , or NHCOR;

R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , aryl, phenyl, halogen, alkenyl, or OH;

R ₁ is CH ₃ , CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CH ₂ CH ₃ , or CF ₂ CF ₃ ;

R ₂ is F, Cl, Br, I, CH ₃ , CF ₃ , OH, CN, NO ₂ , NHCOCH ₃ , NHCOCF ₃ , NHCOR, alkyl, arylalkyl, OR, NH ₂ , NHR, NR ₂ , or SR ;

R ₃ is F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO ₂ , COR, COOH, CONHR, CF ₃ , or SnR ₃ , or R ₃ together with the benzene ring to which it is attached represents a fused ring system represented by the following structure: Forming:

or

Z is NO ₂ , CN, COR, COOH, or CONHR;

Y is CF ₃ , F, Br, Cl, I, CN, or SnR ₃ ;

Q is N ₃ or NHCOCH ₂ Hal;

Hal is halogen;

n is an integer from 1 to 4;

m is an integer of 1-3.

In one aspect, the invention provides analogs of the compounds of formula I above. In another aspect, the present invention provides derivatives of the compounds of formula I above. In another aspect, the present invention provides isomers of the compounds of formula I above. In another aspect, the present invention provides a metabolite of the compound of formula I above. In another aspect, the present invention provides pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds of formula I above. In another aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutical product of a compound of Formula I above. In another aspect, the present invention provides a hydrate of the compound of formula I above. In another aspect, the present invention provides an N-oxide of the compound of formula I above. In another aspect, the present invention provides any combination of analogs, derivatives, metabolites, isomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates or N-oxides of the compounds of formula I above.

In one aspect, G in compound I is O. In another aspect, X in compound I is O. In another aspect, T in compound I is OH. In another aspect, R ₁ in compound I is CH ₃ . In another aspect, Z in compound I is NO ₂ . In another aspect, Z in compound I is CN. In another aspect, Y in compound I is CF ₃ . In another aspect, Q in compound I is NHCOCH ₂ Br. In another aspect, Q in compound I is N ₃ . In another aspect, Z in compound I is a para position. In another aspect, Y in compound I is a meta position.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) compound represented by the structure of formula II:

Where

X is a bond, O, CH ₂ , NH, S, Se, PR, NO or NR;

G is O or S;

R ₁ is CH ₃ , CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CH ₂ CH ₃ , or CF ₂ CF ₃ ;

T is OH, OR, -NHCOCH ₃ , or NHCOR;

R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , aryl, phenyl, halogen, alkenyl, or OH;

A is a ring selected from:

And

B is a ring selected from:

And

Wherein A and B cannot be benzene rings at the same time;

Z is NO ₂ , CN, COOH, COR, NHCOR, or CONHR;

Y is CF ₃ , F, I, Br, Cl, CN CR ₃ , or SnR ₃ ;

Q ₁ is N ₃ or NHCOCH ₂ Hal;

Hal is halogen;

Q ₂ is hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, CF ₃ , CN CR ₃ , SnR ₃ , NR ₂ , NHCOCH ₃ , NHCOCF ₃ , NHCOR, NHCONHR, NHCOOR, OCONHR, CONHR, NHCSCH ₃ , NHCSCF ₃ , NHCSR NHSO ₂ CH ₃ , NHSO ₂ R, OR, COR, OCOR, OSO ₂ R, SO ₂ R, SR,

or ego;

Q ₃ and Q ₄ independently of one another are hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, CF ₃ , CN CR ₃ , SnR ₃ , NR ₂ , NHCOCH ₃ , NHCOCF ₃ , NHCOR, NHCONHR, NHCOOR, OCONHR, CONHR, NHCSCH ₃ , NHCSCF ₃ , NHCSR NHSO ₂ CH ₃ , NHSO ₂ R, OR, COR, OCOR, OSO ₂ R, SO ₂ R, or SR;

W ₁ is O, NH, NR, NO, or S;

W ₂ is N or NO.

In one aspect, the invention provides analogs of the compound of formula II above. In another aspect, the present invention provides derivatives of the compounds of formula II above. In another aspect, the present invention provides isomers of the compounds of formula II above. In another aspect, the present invention provides a metabolite of the compound of formula II above. In another aspect, the present invention provides a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound of formula II above. In another aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutical product of a compound of Formula II above. In another aspect, the invention provides a hydrate of a compound of Formula II above. In another aspect, the present invention provides an N-oxide of the compound of formula II above. In another aspect, the present invention provides any combination of analogs, derivatives, metabolites, isomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates or N-oxides of the compounds of formula II above.

In one aspect, G in compound II is O. In another aspect, X in compound II is O. In another aspect, T in compound II is OH. In another aspect, R ₁ in compound II is CH ₃ . In another aspect, Z in compound II is NO ₂ . In another aspect, Z in compound II is CN. In another aspect, Y in compound II is CF ₃ . In another aspect, Q ₁ in compound II is NHCOCH ₂ Cl. In another aspect, Q ₁ in compound II is NHCOCH ₂ Br. In another aspect, Q ₁ in compound II is N ₃ . In another aspect, Q ₁ in compound II is a para position. In another aspect, Z in compound II is a para position. In another aspect, Y in compound II is a meta position.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) compound represented by the structure of Formula III:

Where

X is a bond, O, CH ₂ , NH, S, Se, PR, NO, or NR;

G is O or S;

T is OH, OR, -NHCOCH ₃ , or NHCOR;

Z is NO ₂ , CN, COOH, COR, NHCOR, or CONHR;

Y is CF ₃ , F, I, Br, Cl, CN, CR ₃ or SnR ₃ ;

Q is N ₃ or NHCOCH ₂ Hal;

Hal is halogen;

R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , aryl, phenyl, halogen, alkenyl or OH;

R ₁ is CH ₃ , CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CH ₂ CH ₃ , or CF ₂ CF ₃ .

In one aspect, the invention provides analogs of the compound of formula III above. In another aspect, the present invention provides derivatives of the compounds of formula III above. In another aspect, the present invention provides isomers of the compounds of Formula III above. In another aspect, the present invention provides a metabolite of the compound of Formula III above. In another aspect, the present invention provides a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound of formula III above. In another aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutical product of a compound of Formula III above. In another aspect, the invention provides a hydrate of a compound of Formula III above. In another aspect, the present invention provides an N-oxide of the compound of formula III above. In another aspect, the present invention provides any combination of analogs, derivatives, metabolites, isomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates or N-oxides of the compounds of Formula III above.

In one aspect, G in compound III is O. In another aspect, X in compound III is O. In another aspect, T in compound III is OH. In another aspect, R ₁ in compound III is CH ₃ . In another aspect, Z in compound III is NO ₂ . In another aspect, Z in compound III is CN. In another aspect, Y in compound III is CF ₃ . In another aspect, Q in compound III is NHCOCH ₂ Cl. In another aspect, Q in compound III is NHCOCH ₂ Br. In another aspect, Q in compound III is N ₃ . In another aspect, Q in compound III is a para position. In another aspect, Z in compound III is a para position. In another aspect, Y in compound III is a meta position.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) compound represented by the structure of Formula IV:

Where

X is a bond, O, CH ₂ , NH, S, Se, PR, NO or NR;

Z is NO ₂ , CN, COOH, COR, NHCOR, or CONHR;

Y is CF ₃ , F, I, Br, Cl, CN, CR ₃ , or SnR ₃ ;

Q is N ₃ or NHCOCH ₂ Hal;

Hal is halogen;

R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , aryl, phenyl, halogen, alkenyl or OH.

In one aspect, the invention provides analogs of the compound of formula IV above. In another aspect, the invention provides derivatives of the compounds of formula IV above. In another aspect, the present invention provides isomers of the compounds of Formula IV above. In another aspect, the present invention provides a metabolite of the compound of Formula IV above. In another aspect, the present invention provides a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound of formula IV above. In another aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutical product of a compound of Formula IV above. In another aspect, the invention provides a hydrate of a compound of Formula IV above. In another aspect, the present invention provides an N-oxide of the compound of formula IV. In another aspect, the present invention provides any combination of analogs, derivatives, metabolites, isomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates or N-oxides of the compounds of Formula IV above.

In one aspect, X in compound IV is O. In another aspect, Z in compound IV is NO ₂ . In another aspect, Z in compound IV is CN. In another aspect, Y in compound IV is CF ₃ . In another aspect, Q in compound IV is NHCOCH ₂ Cl. In another aspect, Q in compound IV is NHCOCH ₂ Br. In another aspect, Q in compound IV is N ₃ .

Substituent R herein is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ ; As aryl, phenyl, halogen, alkenyl or hydroxyl (OH).

"Alkyl" group means a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon including straight chain, branched chain and cyclic alkyl groups. In one aspect, the alkyl group has 1-12 carbons. In another aspect, the alkyl group has 1-7 carbons. In another aspect, the alkyl group has 1-6 carbons. In another aspect, the alkyl group has 1-4 carbons. The alkyl group is substituted with one or more groups selected from halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, carbonyl, amido, alkylamido, dialkylamido, nitro, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, carboxyl, thio and thioalkyl Or unsubstituted.

A "haloalkyl" group means an alkyl group as defined above substituted by one or more halogen atoms, such as F, Cl, Br or I.

“Aryl” group is one selected from halogen, haloalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, carbonyl, amido, alkylamido, dialkylamido, nitro, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, carboxy or thio or thioalkyl It means an aromatic group having at least one carbocyclic aromatic group or heterocyclic aromatic group which may be unsubstituted or substituted with the above groups. Non-limiting examples of aryl rings are phenyl, naphthyl, pyranyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, isoxazolyl and the like. .

A "hydroxyl" group refers to an OH group. "Alkenyl" group means a group having at least one carbon in a carbon double bond. Halo means F, Cl, Br or I.

"Arylalkyl" group means alkyl bonded to aryl, where alkyl and aryl are as defined above. An example of an aralkyl group is a benzyl group.

As intended herein, the present invention relates to the use of SARM compounds and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates, N-oxides, or combinations thereof. will be. In one aspect, the invention relates to the use of analogs of said SARM compounds. In another aspect, the present invention relates to the use of a derivative of said SARM compound. In another aspect, the present invention relates to the use of isomers of the SARM compounds. In another aspect, the present invention relates to the use of a metabolite of said SARM compound. In another aspect, the present invention relates to the use of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said SARM compound. In another aspect, the present invention relates to the use of a pharmaceutical product of said SARM compound. In another aspect, the present invention relates to the use of a hydrate of said SARM compound. In another aspect, the present invention relates to the use of an N-oxide of said SARM compound. In another aspect, the present invention relates to the use of any combination of analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates, or N-oxides of the SARM compounds.

As defined herein, the term “isomers” includes, but is not limited to, optical isomers and analogs, structural isomers and analogs, form isomers and analogs, and the like.

In one aspect, the invention encompasses the use of various optical isomers of the SARM compounds. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the SARM compounds of the invention have at least one chiral center. Thus, the SARM compounds used in the methods of the invention may exist in optically active or racemic forms and may be isolated. Some compounds may also exhibit polymorphism. The present invention includes any racemic, optically active, polymorphic, or stereoisomeric form, or mixtures thereof having the properties useful for the treatment of androgen related symptoms described herein. In one aspect, the SARM compound is a pure (R) -isomer. In one aspect, the SARM compound is a pure (S) -isomer. In another aspect, the SARM compound is a mixture of (R) and (S) isomers. In another aspect, the SARM compound is a racemic mixture comprising the same amount of the (R) and (S) isomers. Methods of preparing optically active forms are well known in the art (eg, by recrystallization techniques, synthesis from optically active starting materials, chiral synthesis, or separation of racemic forms by chromatographic separation using chiral stationary phases). ).

The present invention includes pharmaceutically acceptable salts of amino-substituted compounds with organic and inorganic acids such as citric acid and hydrochloric acid. The present invention also includes N-oxides of the amino substituents of the compounds described herein. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts can also be prepared from phenolic compounds by treatment with an inorganic base such as sodium hydroxide. In addition, esters of phenolic compounds can be prepared with aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids such as acetic acid and benzoic acid esters.

The present invention further includes derivatives of the SARM compounds. The term "derivative" includes but is not limited to ether derivatives, acid derivatives, amide derivatives, ester derivatives and the like. In addition, the present invention further includes a hydrate of the SARM compound. The term “hydrate” includes, but is not limited to, hemihydrate, monohydrate, dihydrate, trihydrate, and the like.

The present invention further includes metabolites of the SARM compounds. The term "metabolite" means any substance made from another substance by metabolism or metabolic processes.

The invention further comprises a pharmaceutical product of said SARM compound. The term "pharmaceutical product" means a composition suitable for pharmaceutical use (pharmaceutical composition) as defined herein.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) compound.

The process of the present invention is suitable for large scale production since all steps avoid complex purification procedures that ultimately lower the yield by producing high purity compounds. Accordingly, the present invention provides a method for synthesizing nonsteroidal agonist compounds that can be used for industrial large scale synthesis and provide high purity products in high yield.

In one aspect, the invention provides a method for preparing a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) compound represented by the structure of formula I,

(Wherein

X is a bond, O, CH ₂ , NH, S Se, PR, NO or NR;

G is O or S;

T is OH, OR, -NHCOCH ₃ , or NHCOR;

R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , aryl, phenyl, halogen, alkenyl, or OH;

R ₁ is CH ₃ , CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CH ₂ CH ₃ , or CF ₂ CF ₃ ;

R ₂ is F, Cl, Br, I, CH ₃ , CF ₃ , OH, CN, NO ₂ , NHCOCH ₃ , NHCOCF ₃ , NHCOR, alkyl, arylalkyl, OR, NH ₂ , NHR, NR ₂ , or SR ;

R ₃ is F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO ₂ , COR, COOH, CONHR, CF ₃ , or SnR ₃ , or R ₃ together with the benzene ring to which it is attached represents a fused ring system represented by the following structure: Forming:

or

Z is NO ₂ , CN, COR, COOH, or CONHR;

Y is CF ₃ , F, Br, Cl, I, CN, or SnR ₃ ;

Q is N ₃ or NHCOCH ₂ Hal;

Hal is halogen;

n is an integer from 1 to 4;

m is an integer of 1 to 3.)

Coupling a compound of Formula VIII with a compound of Formula IX:

(Wherein Z, Y, G, R ₁ , T, R ₃ and m are as defined above and L is a leaving group)

Wherein Q, X, R ₂ and n are as defined above.

In one aspect, the coupling step is carried out in the presence of a base. In another aspect, the leaving group L is Br. In another aspect, the compound of Formula VIII is prepared by the following steps:

a) preparing a compound of formula X by ring-opening reaction of a compound of formula XI:

Wherein L, R ₁ , G and T are as defined above and T ₁ is O or NH; And

b) in the presence of a coupling agent, an amine of formula

(Wherein Z, Y, R ₃ and m are as defined above)

Reacting with a compound of Formula X to produce a compound of Formula VIII:

In one aspect, step (a) is carried out in the presence of HBr. In another aspect, the method comprises converting the selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) compound into an analog, derivative, isomer, metabolite, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, pharmaceutical product, N-oxide, hydrate or any combination thereof. Further comprising the step of converting.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) represented by the structure of formula II,

(Wherein

X is a bond, O, CH ₂ , NH, S, Se, PR, NO or NR;

G is O or S;

R ₁ is CH ₃ , CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CH ₂ CH ₃ , or CF ₂ CF ₃ ;

T is OH, OR, -NHCOCH ₃ , or NHCOR;

R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , aryl, phenyl, halogen, alkenyl, or OH;

A is a ring selected from:

And

B is a ring selected from:

And

Wherein A and B cannot be benzene rings at the same time;

Z is NO ₂ , CN, COOH, COR, NHCOR, or CONHR;

Y is CF ₃ , F, I, Br, Cl, CN CR ₃ , or SnR ₃ ;

Q ₁ is N ₃ or NHCOCH ₂ Hal;

Hal is halogen;

Q ₂ is hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, CF ₃ , CN CR ₃ , SnR ₃ , NR ₂ , NHCOCH ₃ , NHCOCF ₃ , NHCOR, NHCONHR, NHCOOR, OCONHR, CONHR, NHCSCH ₃ , NHCSCF ₃ , NHCSR NHSO ₂ CH ₃ , NHSO ₂ R, OR, COR, OCOR, OSO ₂ R, SO ₂ R, SR,

or ego;

Q ₃ and Q ₄ independently of one another are hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, CF ₃ , CN CR ₃ , SnR ₃ , NR ₂ , NHCOCH ₃ , NHCOCF ₃ , NHCOR, NHCONHR, NHCOOR, OCONHR, CONHR, NHCSCH ₃ , NHCSCF ₃ , NHCSR NHSO ₂ CH ₃ , NHSO ₂ R, OR, COR, OCOR, OSO ₂ R, SO ₂ R, or SR;

W ₁ is O, NH, NR, NO, or S;

W ₂ is N or NO.)

Compound of formula (XIII)

(Wherein A, G, R ₁ and T are as defined above and L is a leaving group).

Compound of Formula HX-B, wherein B and X are as defined above

It provides a method comprising the step of coupling with.

In one aspect, the coupling step is carried out in the presence of a base. In another aspect, the leaving group L is Br. In another aspect, the compound of formula XIII is prepared by the following steps.

a) preparing a compound of formula X by ring-opening reaction of a ring compound of formula XI:

(Wherein L, R ₁ , G and T are as defined above and T ₁ is O or NH)

b) reacting an amine of formula A-NH ₂ (wherein A is as defined above) with a compound of formula X in the presence of a coupling agent to produce an amide of formula XIII:

In one aspect, step (a) is carried out in the presence of HBr. In another aspect, the method converts the selective receptor modulator (SARM) compound to an analog, isomer, metabolite, derivative, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, pharmaceutical product, N-oxide, hydrate or any combination thereof. It further comprises a step.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) compound represented by the structure of formula III,

(Wherein

X is a bond, O, CH ₂ , NH, S, Se, PR, NO, or NR;

G is O or S;

T is OH, OR, -NHCOCH ₃ , or NHCOR;

Z is NO ₂ , CN, COOH, COR, NHCOR, or CONHR;

Y is CF ₃ , F, I, Br, Cl, CN, CR ₃ or SnR ₃ ;

Q is N ₃ or NHCOCH ₂ Hal;

Hal is halogen;

R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , aryl, phenyl, halogen, alkenyl or OH;

R ₁ is CH ₃ , CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CH ₂ CH ₃ , or CF ₂ CF _3. )

Compound of formula XIV

(Wherein Z, Y, G, R ₁ and T are as defined above and L is a leaving group)

A method comprising coupling with a compound of Formula XV is provided:

Wherein Q and X are as defined above.

In one aspect, the coupling step is carried out in the presence of a base. In another aspect, the leaving group L is Br. In another aspect, the compound of formula XIV is prepared by the following steps:

a) preparing a compound of formula X by ring-opening reaction of a ring compound of formula XI:

Wherein L, R ₁ , and T are as defined above, G is O, and T ₁ is O or NH; And

b) in the presence of a coupling agent, an amine of formula XVI

Reacting with a compound of Formula X to produce a compound of Formula XIV:

In one aspect, step (a) is carried out in the presence of HBr. In another aspect, the method converts the selective receptor modulator (SARM) compound into an analog, isomer, metabolite, derivative, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, pharmaceutical product, N-oxide, hydrate or any combination thereof. It further comprises a step.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) compound represented by the structure of formula IV,

(Wherein

X is a bond, O, NH, S, Se, PR, or NR;

Z is NO ₂ , CN, COOH, COR, NHCOR, or CONHR;

Y is CF ₃ , F, I, Br, Cl, CN, CR ₃ , or SnR ₃ ;

Q is N ₃ or NHCOCH ₂ Hal;

Hal is halogen;

R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , aryl, phenyl, halogen, alkenyl or OH.)

The amide of formula XVII

(Wherein Z and Y are as defined above and L is a leaving group)

A method comprising coupling with a compound of Formula XVIII is provided:

Wherein Q and X are as defined above.

In one aspect, the coupling step is carried out in the presence of a base. In another aspect, the leaving group L is Br. In another aspect, the compound of formula XVII is prepared by the following steps:

a) preparing a compound of formula X by ring-opening reaction of a ring compound of formula XI:

(Wherein L, R ₁ and T are as defined above, G is O, T ₁ is O or NH); And

b) in the presence of a coupling agent, an amine of formula XVIX:

Reacting with a compound of Formula X to produce a compound of Formula XVII:

In one aspect, step (a) is carried out in the presence of HBr. In another aspect, the method further comprises purifying the SARM compound using a mixture of ethanol and water. In another aspect, the method comprises replacing the selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) compound with its analogs, isomers, metabolites, derivatives, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, N-oxides, hydrates or any combination thereof. Further comprising the step of converting.

As demonstrated herein, Applicants have found that the purification step of the SARM compound is carried out by recrystallization from a non-toxic organic solvent and water such as ethanol and water, such as ethanol and water, resulting in a high purity product with good crystal stability. It was found to be obtained in yield. In addition, the use of non-toxic organic solvents / water for purification is safe and low cost, and can avoid biological toxicity that can result from the use of toxic organic solvents such as hexane. In one aspect, the non-toxic solvent is ethanol.

Thus, in one aspect, the present invention provides a synthetic method for preparing a SARM compound described herein, comprising a purification step comprising crystallizing the SARM product with a mixture of a nontoxic organic solvent and water. In one aspect, the non-toxic organic solvent is ethanol. In certain embodiments, the crystallization step comprises crystallizing the SARM compound by mixing an ethanol solution comprising the SARM compound with water. In a further aspect, the method further comprises collecting the SARM compound by filtration.

The process of the present invention is suitable for large scale production since all steps avoid the complex purification procedure that produces high purity compounds and ultimately lower yields. Accordingly, the present invention provides a method for synthesizing nonsteroidal agonist compounds that can be used in industrial large scale synthesis and provide high purity products in high yield. In addition, the method of the present invention avoids the undesirable toxicological problems that may result from the use of toxic, environmentally unfriendly or biologically labile reagents due to the use of safe, environmentally friendly and low cost reagents and purification steps.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that any nontoxic solvent solvent, such as an alcohol such as methanol or ethanol, an aromatic compound such as toluene or xylene, DMSO, THF, cyclohexane and the like, is suitable for the method of the present invention.

In one aspect, the non-toxic organic solvent is ethanol. Ethanol of any grade and purity level is suitable. In one aspect, the ethanol is neat ethanol. In another aspect, the ethanol is an ethanol solution containing a modifier such as toluene, methanol and the like.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that when T ₁ is O or NH, T in compound VIII is O or NH ₂ . Thus, if T in compound I is OR, the reaction will include an additional step of converting OH to OR, for example by reaction with alkyl halide RX. If T in compound I is NHCOR, NHCOCH ₃ , the reaction will include an additional step of converting NH ₂ to NHCOR or NHCOCH ₃ , for example by reaction with the corresponding acyl chloride ClCOR or ClCOCH ₃ .

In one aspect, the coupling step as defined above is carried out in the presence of a base. Any suitable base that will leave the proton from the hydrogen of the XH moiety (eg, the phenol moiety when X is O) and allow coupling will be used. Non-limiting examples of bases include carbonates such as alkali carbonates such as sodium carbonate (Na ₂ CO ₃ ), potassium carbonate (K ₂ CO ₃ ), and cesium carbonate (Cs ₂ CO ₃ ); Bicarbonates such as alkali metal bicarbonates such as sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO ₃ ), potassium bicarbonate (KHCO ₃ ); Alkali metal hydrides such as sodium hydride (NaH), potassium hydride (KH) and lithium hydride (LiH).

The leaving group L is defined herein as any removable group that is commonly considered for chemical reactions and is known to those skilled in the art. Suitable leaving groups include halogens such as F, Cl, Br, and I; Alkyl sulfonate esters (-OSO ₂ R), where R is an alkyl group, such as methanesulfonate (mesylate), trifluoromethanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanesulfo Nitrate, perfluoro butanesulfonate; Aryl sulfonate ester (-OSO ₂ Ar), where Ar is an aryl group, such as benzenesulfo, which may be unsubstituted or substituted by p-toluoylsulfonate (tosylate), methyl, chlorine, bromine, nitro and the like. Nate; NO ₃ , NO ₂ or sulfate, sulfite, phosphate, phosphite, carboxylate, imino ester, N ₂ or carbamate.

The reaction is for example aromatic amines such as tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, pyridine; Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; It is conveniently carried out in a suitable diluent or inert solvent such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), and dimethylacetamide (DMAC). The reaction is suitably carried out, for example, at -20 to 120 ° C, for example at or near ambient temperature.

Coupling agents as defined above are reagents that can convert carboxylic acids / thiocarboxylic acids of formula X to their reactive derivatives, allowing coupling with the respective amines to form amide / thioamide bonds. Suitable reactive derivatives of carboxylic acids / thiocarboxylic acids include, for example, acyl halides / thioacyl halides such as acyl / thioacyl chlorides formed by the reaction of an acid / thioacid and an inorganic acid chloride such as thionyl chloride; Mixed anhydrides such as anhydrides formed by reaction of an acid with chloroformate such as isobutyl chloroformate; Active esters / thioesters, such as esters / thioesters, esters / thioesters formed by the reaction of an acid / thioacid and phenol, or alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol or N-hydroxybenzotriazole; Azide formed by reaction of acyl / thioacyl azide such as acid / thioacid and azide such as diphenylphosphoryl azide; Acyl cyanide / thioacyl cyanide such as cyanide formed by the reaction of a cyanide such as an acid with diethylphosphoryl cyanide; Or a reaction product of an acid / thioacid and a carbodiimide such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide.

The reaction is conveniently carried out in the above-mentioned temperature range in a suitable inert solvent or diluent as defined above, suitably in the presence of a base such as triethylamine.

Selective androgen Modulator Biological activity of the compound

The SARM compound provided herein is a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) compound. In addition, some of the SARM compounds have anti-androgen activity of nonsteroidal ligands on androgen receptors. In addition, some of the SARM compounds have androgen activity of nonsteroidal ligands on androgen receptors. In addition, some of the SARM compounds bind irreversibly to the androgen receptor.

In another aspect, the compounds described herein function through biological mechanisms independent of androgen receptors, as described in detail below.

However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the mechanism by which a compound of the present invention exhibits its biological effect is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and the present invention provides a wide range of compounds and their a) male contraception; b) various hormone-related symptoms such as tiredness, depression, reduced libido, sexual disorders, erectile dysfunction, hypogonadism, osteoporosis, hair loss, anemia, obesity, sarcopenia, osteopenia, prostatic hyperplasia, Treatment of symptoms associated with androgen reduction (ADAM) in older men, such as emotional and cognitive changes, and prostate cancer; c) women, such as sexual disorders, reduced libido, hypogonadism, sarcopenia, osteopenia, osteoporosis, perception and emotional changes, depression, anemia, hair loss, obesity, endometriosis, breast cancer, uterine cancer and ovarian cancer Treatment of symptoms associated with androgen reduction (ADIF) in women; d) treatment and / or prevention of acute and / or chronic myotropia; e) prevention and / or treatment of dry eyes; f) oral androgen replacement therapy; g) reducing the incidence, arrest or decline of prostate cancer; And / or h) therapeutic uses for inducing apoptosis in cancer cells.

As used herein, receptors for extracellular signaling molecules are collectively referred to as "cell signaling receptors". Many cell signaling receptors are transmembrane proteins on the cell surface; When they bind to extracellular signaling molecules (ie ligands), they are activated to produce a series of intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the cell. In contrast, in some cases, the receptor is in the cell and the signaling ligand must penetrate into the cell to activate the cell; These signaling molecules must therefore be small and hydrophobic enough to diffuse across the plasma membrane of the cell.

Steroid hormones are an example of small hydrophobic molecules that diffuse directly across the plasma membrane of a target cell and bind to intracellular cell signaling receptors. The receptors are structurally related and constitute an intracellular receptor superfamily (or steroid-hormone receptor superfamily). Steroid hormone receptors include progesterone receptors, estrogen receptors, androgen receptors, glucocorticoid receptors, and mineralocorticoid receptors. In one aspect, the invention relates to an androgen receptor.

In addition to ligand binding to the receptor, the receptor may be blocked to prevent ligand binding. When a substance binds to a receptor, the three-dimensional structure of the substance fits into the space created by the three-dimensional structure of the receptor into a ball and socket structure. The better the ball fits into the socket, the more fixed it remains. This phenomenon is called affinity. If the substance's affinity is greater than the original hormone, it will compete with the hormone and bind more frequently to the binding site. Once bound, a signal is sent through the receptor into the cell, causing the cell to respond in some way. This is called activation. Activated receptors directly regulate the transcription of specific genes. However, the substance and receptor will have certain properties other than affinity to activate the cell. A chemical bond is formed between an atom of the substance and an atom of the acceptor. In some cases, this leads to a change in receptor structure, which is sufficient to begin the activation process (called signal transduction).

In another aspect, the present invention relates to selective androgen receptor modulator compounds that are antagonist compounds. Receptor agonists are substances that bind to and activate receptors. Receptor antagonists are substances that bind to and inactivate receptors. Thus, in one aspect, the SARM compounds of the present invention are useful for binding to and inactivating steroidal hormone receptors. In one aspect, the antagonist compounds of the invention are antagonists that bind to androgen receptors. In another aspect, the compound has a high affinity for androgen receptors.

Assays to determine whether compounds of the invention are AR agonists or antagonists are well known to those skilled in the art. For example, AR agonist activity can be measured by monitoring the activity of SARM compounds that maintain and / or stimulate the growth of AR containing tissues, such as the prostate and seminal vesicle, measured by weight. AR antagonist activity can be measured by monitoring the ability of the SARM compound to inhibit the growth of AR containing tissue.

Androgen receptors are androgen receptors of any species, such as a mammal. In one aspect, the androgen receptor is a human androgen receptor.

Compounds of the invention bind reversibly or irreversibly to androgen receptors. In one aspect, the SARM compound reversibly binds to androgen receptor. In another aspect, the SARM compound reversibly binds to androgen receptors in the mammalian line. In another aspect, the SARM compound reversibly binds to androgen receptors in humans. Reversible binding of a compound to a receptor means that the compound can detach from the receptor after binding.

In another aspect, the SARM compound binds irreversibly to the androgen receptor. In one aspect, the SARM compound irreversibly binds to androgen receptors in mammals. In another aspect, the SARM compound binds irreversibly to human androgen receptor. Thus, in one aspect, the compounds of the present invention will have functional groups (eg, affinity labels) that allow alkylation (ie, covalent bond formation) of the androgen receptor. Thus, in this case, the compound is an alkylating agent that irreversibly binds to the receptor and therefore cannot be replaced by steroids such as endogenous ligands DHT and testosterone. By "alkylating agent" is meant herein a reagent (forming a covalent bond) that alkylates with cellular components such as DNA, RNA or enzymes. It is a highly reactive chemical that prevents proper action by introducing alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules. Alkylated moieties are electrophilic groups that interact with nucleophilic moieties in the cellular component. For example, in one aspect, the alkylation group is an electrophilic group that forms covalent bonds within the cellular component with isocyanate moieties, nucleophilic groups (N, O, S, etc.). In another aspect, the alkylation group is an isothiocyanate moiety, an electrophilic group that forms a covalent bond with a nucleophilic group (N, O, S, etc.) within the cellular component. In another aspect, the alkylation group is haloalkyl (CH ₂ Hal, where Hal is halogen), an electrophilic group that forms a covalent bond with a nucleophilic group in the cellular component. In another aspect, the alkylation group is haloalkyl-amido (NHCOCH ₂ X, where X is halogen), an electrophilic group that forms a covalent bond with the nucleophilic group in the cellular component.

In another aspect, the compounds described herein act through biological mechanisms independent of androgen receptors. Thus, in one aspect, the compounds of the present invention bind to cellular components reversibly or irreversibly. In another aspect, the compound further alkylates the cellular component. A “cell component” herein is any intracellular, extracellular, membrane binding component found in a cell.

Compounds of the invention bind reversibly or irreversibly to cellular components. In one aspect, the compound reversibly binds to cellular components. In another aspect, the compound binds irreversibly to cellular components of a mammal. In another aspect, the compound reversibly binds to human cellular components. Reversible binding of a compound to a receptor means that the compound can be detached from the receptor after it is bound.

In another aspect, the compound further alkylates the cellular component. Thus, in one aspect, the compounds of the invention contain functional groups (eg, affinity labels) that allow alkylation of cellular components (ie, form covalent bonds). Thus, in this case, the compound is an alkylating agent that irreversibly binds to the receptor and thus cannot be transferred. "Alkylating agent" is as defined above.

Thus, in one aspect, the present invention relates to a cell component comprising a selective androgen receptor modulator and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates, N-oxides, Or any combination thereof and contacting the selective androgen receptor modulator compound in an amount effective to bind the cellular component, further providing a method of binding the selective androgen receptor modulator compound to the cellular component.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a cell component comprising a selective androgen receptor modulator and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates, N-oxides or the like of the present invention. Adding any combination of and contacting said selective androgen receptor modulator compound in an amount effective to irreversibly bind said cellular component, further adding a method for irreversibly binding said selective androgen receptor modulator compound to a cellular component. To provide.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a cell component comprising a selective androgen receptor modulator and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates, N-oxides or the like of the present invention. Further provided is a method of alkylating a cellular component, comprising contacting any of the combinations of the above and contacting the cellular component in an amount effective to alkylate.

In another aspect, the present invention relates to a subject of an androgen receptor comprising any of the selective androgen receptor modulator compounds of Formula I-IV and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates or Provided are methods for inhibiting spermatogenesis in a subject, comprising contacting the N-oxide or any combination thereof and in an amount effective to inhibit sperm production.

In another aspect, the invention provides a male subject with any of the selective androgen receptor modulator compounds of Formula I-IV and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates or N- A method of contraception in a male subject, comprising administering an oxide or any combination thereof in an amount effective to effect contraception in the subject by inhibiting sperm production in the subject.

In another aspect, the invention provides to a subject any androgen receptor modulator compound of Formula I-IV and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates or N-oxides thereof. Or any combination thereof, the method comprising administering the selective androgen receptor modulator compound to an androgen receptor in an amount effective to effect changes in the androgen dependent state.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a subject with androgen receptor any androgen receptor modulator compound of Formula I-IV and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates or Provided is a hormone replacement therapy comprising administering an N-oxide or any combination thereof in an amount effective to cause a change in the androgen dependent state.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a subject with hormone-related symptoms any androgen receptor modulator compound of Formula I-IV and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, A method of treating a subject having a hormone-related symptom comprising administering a hydrate or N-oxide or any combination thereof in an amount effective to cause a change in the androgen dependent state.

In another aspect, the invention provides a subject having prostate cancer with any of the selective androgen receptor modulator compounds of Formula I-IV and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates Or administering N-oxide, or any combination thereof, in an amount effective to treat prostate cancer in the subject.

In another aspect, the invention provides to a subject any androgen receptor modulator compound of Formula I-IV and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates or N-oxides thereof. Or any combination thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject in an amount effective to prevent prostate cancer.

In another aspect, the invention provides a selective androgen receptor modulator compound of Formula I-IV and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates to a subject having prostate cancer. Or administering N-oxide or any combination thereof in an amount effective to delay the progression of prostate cancer in the subject. .

In another aspect, the invention provides a subject having prostate cancer with any of the selective androgen receptor modulator compounds of Formula I-IV and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates Or administering N-oxide or any combination thereof in an amount effective to prevent recurrence of prostate cancer in said subject. .

In another aspect, the invention provides a subject having prostate cancer with any of the selective androgen receptor modulator compounds of Formula I-IV and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates Or administering N-oxide or any combination thereof in an amount effective to treat recurrence of prostate cancer in the subject. .

In another aspect, the invention provides a selective androgen receptor modulator compound of Formula I-IV and / or its analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceuticals, to a subject having dry eyes. A method of treating dry eye in a subject having dry eyes, comprising administering a product, hydrate or N-oxide, or any combination thereof in an amount effective to treat dry eye in the subject. Is provided.

In another aspect, the invention provides to a subject a selective androgen receptor modulator compound of Formula IV and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates or N-oxides or their There is provided a method of preventing dry eye in a subject, comprising administering any combination in an amount effective to prevent dry eye in the subject.

In another aspect, the invention provides prostate cancer cells with selective androgen receptor modulator compounds of the invention and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates or N-oxides or these A method of inducing apoptosis in prostate cancer cells, the method comprising contacting any combination of and in an amount effective to induce apoptosis in the cancer cells.

By “apoptosis” or programmed cell death is meant herein a cell death form in which a programmed series of events leads to the removal of cells without releasing harmful substances into the surrounding area.

“Contact” herein means that the SARM compound of the invention is introduced into a sample containing the enzyme in a test tube, flask, tissue culture, chip, array, plate, microplate, capillary, or the like to bind the SARM to the enzyme. Incubated at a temperature and time sufficient to allow. Methods of contacting the sample with a SARM or other specific binding component are known to those skilled in the art and may be selected depending on the type of assay protocol to be performed. Culture methods are also standard and known to those skilled in the art.

In another aspect, the term “contacting” means that the SARM compound of the present invention is introduced into a subject to be treated to make contact with the androgen receptor in vivo.

The term "treatment" herein includes disease alleviation and prophylactic treatment. As used herein, the terms "reduce", "suppression" and "suppression" have the usual meaning of reducing or alleviating. As used herein, the term "progression" means an increase, progress, growth or deterioration of the area or severity. As used herein, the term "relapse" refers to a return after alleviation of a disease. As used herein, the term "delay" means to stop, interrupt, slow down, postpone, maintain, or reverse.

As used herein, the term “administration” means contacting a subject with a SARM compound of the invention. Administration herein can be done in the laboratory, ie in a test tube, or in vivo, ie in a cell or tissue of a living organism, such as a human. In one aspect, the invention comprises administering a compound of the invention to a subject.

The term "libido" as used herein means sexual desire.

As used herein, the term "erection" means that it can be erection. An erectile tissue is a tissue that is highly expanded and can be hardened by the expansion of the numerous blood vessels it contains.

"Hypogonadism" is a condition that results from or is characterized by abnormally reduced gonads' functional activity and delay in sexual development and growth. "Osteopenia" means reduced bone density or calciumation. This is a term that encompasses all skeletal systems in which such symptoms are noted.

"Osteoporosis" means thinning of bone with a decrease in bone mass due to calcium and bone protein deficiency. Osteoporosis makes individuals more prone to fractures, often healed slowly and poorly. Unchecked osteoporosis can lead to postural changes, physical abnormalities and reduced mobility.

Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-malignant enlargement of the prostate gland, the most common non-malignant proliferative abnormality found in the internal organs of adult males, and is the leading cause of death in adult males. BPH occurs in over 75% of men over 50, reaching 88% by age 90. BPH frequently results in gradual compaction of parts of the urethra (prostatic urethra) across the prostate. This causes frequent urination by the patient due to incomplete emptying of the bladder and urgency of urination. Disturbance of urine flow also results in a general lack of urination control, including difficulty in initiating urination and difficulty in urinary flow prevention, as required because of the inability to empty the urine from the bladder, which is a urinary disorder. Known as overflow urinary incontinence, which can lead to obstruction and urinary failure.

"Cognition" means the process of cognition, in particular the process of aware, knowledge, learning and judging. Cognition relates to the fields of psychology, linguistics, computer science, neuroscience, mathematics, humanity and philosophy. The term "emotion" means mental state and mood. As intended herein, alteration means a positive or negative change in cognition and / or emotion.

The term "depression" refers to a disease involving the body, emotions, and thoughts that affect the way a person eats, sleeps, feels, and thinks. Signs and signs of depression include loss of interest in activity, loss of appetite or overeating, loss of expression, emptiness, hopelessness, pessimism, guilt or helplessness, social atrophy, tiredness, sleep disorders, trouble concentration, memory, or determination, restlessness Includes irritability, headache, digestive problems or chronic pain.

The term "hair loss" is medically known as alopecia and refers to baldness in the most common type of male pattern baldness. Baldness typically begins with partial loss of hair and sometimes progresses to complete baldness and even hair loss. Hair loss affects both men and women.

"Anemia" means a symptom with hemoglobin in the blood below the normal number or less than the normal amount. The oxygen carrying capacity of the blood is thus reduced. People with anemia will feel tired easily, develop pale, palpitations, and usually shorten breathing. Anemia is caused by four fundamental factors: a) hemorrhage (bleeding); b) hemolysis (excessive destruction of red blood cells); c) lack of red blood cell production; d) insufficient normal hemoglobin. Aplastic anemia, benzene poisoning, Fanconi anemia, neonatal hemolytic disease, hereditary spherocytosis, iron deficiency anemia, osteopetrosis, vitamin B12 deficiency There are many types of anemia, including pernicious anemia, sickle cell disease, thalassemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, and various bone marrow diseases. As intended herein, the SARM compounds of the invention are useful for the treatment and / or prevention of one or more of the above types of anemia.

"Obesity" means a condition that significantly exceeds normal weight. Typically, more than 20% of body weight is considered obesity. Obesity is more accurately defined by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) as a body to mass index (BMI) of 30 or more. Obesity is often multifactorial based on genetic and habitual factors. Overweight due to obesity causes significant health problems. This increases the incidence of many diseases, including: type 2 (adult-onset) diabetes; Hypertension; Stroke (cerebrovascular accident (CVA); heart attack (myocardial infarction (MI)); heart failure (congestive heart failure); cancer (prostate cancer and Certain forms such as colorectal and rectal cancer); gallstone and gallbladder diseases (cholecystitis); gout and gouty arthritis; osteoarthritis such as knees, pelvis and lower parts Sleep apnea; failing to breathe normally during sleep, lowering blood oxygen; and Pickwickian syndrome: obesity, red face, lack of ventilation, and drowsiness. As used herein, the term “obesity” includes any of the above-described obesity-related symptoms and diseases. Thus, the SARM compounds of the present invention are useful for the treatment and / or prevention of obesity and one or more of the above-described obesity-related symptoms and diseases. Do.

"Prostate cancer" is the most common cancer among men in the United States, with hundreds of thousands of newly diagnosed cases every year. More than 60% of newly diagnosed prostate cancers have progressed pathologically, with no cure and a disastrous prognosis. One third of men over 50 have a latent form of prostate cancer that can be activated in the form of life-threatening clinical prostate cancer. The incidence of latent prostate cancer increases significantly from generation to generation (from 50s (5.3-14%) to 90s (40-80%)). The number of people with latent prostate cancer is the same across all cultures and races, but the frequency of clinically worsened cancers is significantly different. This suggests that environmental factors play a role in activating latent prostate cancer.

In one aspect, the methods of the present invention comprise administering the SARM compound as a single active ingredient. However, methods of treating hormone therapy, prostate cancer, delaying the progression of prostate cancer, treating and / or preventing recurrence of prostate cancer, comprising administering the SARM compound in combination with one or more therapeutic agents It is included within the scope of the invention. Such agents include, but are not limited to: LHRH analogues, reversible antiandrogens, antiestrogens, anticancer agents, 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, aromatase inhibitors, progestins, agents acting through other nuclear hormone receptors, selective estrogens Receptor modulator (SERM), progesterone, estrogen, PDE5 inhibitor, apomorphine, bisphosphonate, and one or more additional SARMs.

Thus, in one aspect, the methods of the present invention comprise administering the selective androgen receptor modulator compound in combination with an LHRH analog. In another aspect, the methods of the present invention comprise administering the selective androgen receptor modulator compound in combination with a reversible antiandrogen. In another aspect, the methods of the present invention comprise administering the selective androgen receptor modulator compound in combination with antiestrogens. In another aspect, the methods of the present invention comprise administering a selective androgen receptor modulator compound in combination with an anticancer agent. In another aspect, the methods of the present invention comprise administering the selective androgen receptor modulator compound in combination with a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor. In another aspect, the methods of the present invention comprise administering the selective androgen receptor modulator compound in combination with an aromatase inhibitor. In another aspect, the methods of the present invention comprise administering a selective androgen receptor modulator compound in combination with progestin. In another aspect, the methods of the present invention comprise administering a selective androgen receptor modulator compound in combination with an agent acting through another nuclear hormone receptor. In another aspect, the methods of the present invention comprise administering a selective androgen receptor modulator compound in combination with a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). In another aspect, the methods of the present invention comprise administering the selective androgen receptor modulator compound in combination with progesterone. In another aspect, the methods of the present invention comprise administering a selective androgen receptor modulator compound in combination with estrogen. In another aspect, the methods of the present invention comprise administering the selective androgen receptor modulator compound in combination with a PDE5 inhibitor. In another aspect, the methods of the present invention comprise administering a selective androgen receptor modulator compound in combination with apomorphine. In another aspect, the methods of the present invention comprise administering the selective androgen receptor modulator compound in combination with a bisphosphonate. In another aspect, the methods of the present invention comprise administering the selective androgen receptor modulator compound in combination with one or more additional SARMs.

Pharmaceutical composition

In one aspect, the invention provides selective androgen receptor modulator compounds of the invention and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates, N-oxides or any combination thereof It provides a composition comprising a.

In another aspect, the invention provides selective androgen receptor modulator compounds of the invention and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates, N-oxides or any combination thereof It provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a.

By "pharmaceutical composition" is meant herein a therapeutically effective amount of SARM with an appropriate diluent, preservative, solubilizer, emulsifier, excipient and / or carrier. A "therapeutically effective amount" means an amount that provides a therapeutic effect for a given symptom and dosing regimen. Such compositions may be liquid or lyophilized, or dried formulations, to prevent surface adsorption such as various buffer contents (eg, Tris-HCl, acetate, phosphate), pH and ionic strength diluents, albumin or gelatin Additives, detergents (eg Tween 20, Tween 80, Pluronic F68, bile salts), solubilizers (eg glycerol, polyethylene glycerol), antioxidants (eg ascorbic acid, sodium metabisulfite), preservatives (eg Covalent attachment of polymers such as thimerosal, benzyl alcohol, parabens), bulking materials or osmotic modifiers (e.g. lactose, mannitol), polyethylene glycol proteins, complexation of metal ions Or into or over a particulate formulation of a poly compound, such as polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, hydrogel, or the like, or liposomes, microemulsions, micelles, uniamels La or multilamella vesicles, erythrocyte ghosts or spheroplasts. Such compositions will affect the physical state, solubility, stability, in vivo release rate, and in vivo clearance rate. Controlled release or sustained release compositions include formulations in lipophilic depots (eg, fatty acids, waxes, oils).

Also included in the invention are particulate compositions coated with a polymer (eg, poloxamer or poloxamine). Other aspects of the compositions of the invention include protective coatings, protease inhibitors in particulate form, or penetration enhancers for various routes of administration including parenteral, intraarterial, nasal and oral administration. In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition is administered parenterally, near cancer, transmucosal, transdermal, intramuscular, intravenous, intradermally, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intraventricular, intravaginal, intracranial and tumor do.

In addition, "pharmaceutically acceptable carriers" herein are well known to those skilled in the art and include, but are not limited to, 0.01-0.1M and preferably 0.05M phosphate buffer or 0.8% saline. In addition, such pharmaceutically acceptable carriers can be aqueous or non-aqueous solutions, suspensions and emulsions. Examples of non-aqueous solvents are propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, vegetable oils such as olive oil, and injectable organic esters such as ethyl oleate. Aqueous carriers include emulsions or suspensions comprising saline and buffered media, alcoholic / aqueous solutions, water.

Parenteral vehicles include sodium chloride solution. Ringer's dextrose, dextrose and sodium chloride, lactated Ringer's and fixed oils. Intravenous vehicles include fluid and nutrient sources, electrolyte sources such as those based on linker dextrose, and the like. Preservatives and other additives may also be present, such as antibacterial antioxidants, collating agents, inert gases and the like.

Controlled release or sustained release compositions include formulations in lipophilic depots (eg, fatty acids, waxes, oils). The present invention also encompasses particulate compositions coated with a polymer (eg, poloxamer or poloxamine), and compounds coupled to or bound to tissue specific receptors, ligands or antibodies to antigens.

Other aspects of the compositions of the present invention include penetration enhancers for a variety of routes of administration, including particulate form, protective coatings, protease inhibitors, or parenteral, intraarterial, intranasal, and oral administration.

Compounds modified by covalent attachment of water soluble polymers such as polyethylene glycol, copolymers of polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol, carboxymethyl cellulose, dextran, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone or polyproline may be modified with corresponding unmodified It is known to show a significantly longer half-life in blood after intravenous injection than the compound (Abuchowski et al., 1981; Newmark et al., 1982; and Katre et al., 1987). Such modifications will also increase the solubility in the aqueous solution of the compound, eliminate aggregation, enhance the chemical and chemical stability of the compound, and greatly reduce the immunogenicity and reactivity of the compound. As a result, the desired in vivo biological activity can be achieved by administration of a less frequent or lower dose than the unmodified compound of such a polymer-compound adduct.

In another aspect, the pharmaceutical composition can be delivered in a controlled release system. For example, the formulations can be administered using intravenous infusions, implantable osmotic pumps, transdermal patches, liposomes, or other modes of administration. In one aspect, pumps may be used (Langer, supra; Sefton, CRC Crit. Ref. Biomed. Eng. 14: 201 (1987); Buchwald et al., Surgery 88: 507 (1980); Saudek et al., N. Engl. J. Med. 321: 574 (1989). In another aspect, polymeric materials can be used. In another aspect, a controlled release system can be placed in close proximity to a therapeutic target, ie the brain, and thus only require a small amount of systematic dosage. (See, eg, Goodson, in Medical Applications of Controlled Release, supra, vol. 2, pp. 115-138 (1984)). Other controlled release systems are discussed in the paper by Langer (see Science 249: 1527-1533 (1990)).

The pharmaceutical formulation may comprise a SARM formulation alone, or may further comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, tablets, powders, capsules, pellets, solutions, suspensions, elixirs, emulsions, gels, creams Or solids or liquids, such as suppositories, including rectal and urethral suppositories. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include gums, starches, sugars, cellulosic materials, and mixtures thereof. Pharmaceutical formulations containing the SARM formulations may be administered to a subject, eg, by subcutaneous insertion of pellets; In another aspect, the pellet provides a controlled release of the SARM formulation over a long period of time. The formulations may also be administered by infusion of liquid formulations intravenously, intraarterally, or intramuscularly, oral administration of liquid or solid formulations, or topical application. Administration can also be effected by rectal suppositories or urethral suppositories.

Pharmaceutical formulations of the invention can be prepared by known dissolution, mixing, granulation, or tablet formation processes. For oral administration, the SARM formulations, or their physiologically cited derivatives such as salts, esters, N-oxides, and the like, are mixed with additives commonly used for this purpose, such as vehicles, stabilizers or inert diluents, The phosphorus method converts to suitable dosage forms such as tablets, coated tablets, hard or soft gelatin capsules, aqueous, alcoholic or oily solutions. Examples of suitable insoluble carriers include lactose, sucrose or corn starch in combination with acacia, corn starch, binders such as gelatin, corn starch, potato starch, disintegrants such as alginic acid, or lubricants such as stearic acid or magnesium stearate. Same typical tablet base.

Examples of suitable oily vehicles or solvents are vegetable or animal oils such as sunflower oil or fish-river oil. The preparation can be carried out as dry and wet granules. For parenteral administration (subcutaneous, intravenous, intraarterial or intramuscular injection), the SARM preparations or physiologically cited derivatives such as salts, esters, N-oxides and the like, if necessary are conventional materials suitable for this purpose, For example, it is converted into a solution, suspension or emulsion with a solubilizer or other auxiliaries. Examples are sterile liquids such as water and oil, alone or in combination with surfactants and other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. Exemplary oils are petroleum, animal, plant, or synthetic origin, such as peanut oil, soybean oil, or mineral oil. In general, water, saline, aqueous dextrose and related sugar solutions, and glycols such as propylene glycol or polyethylene glycol are particularly preferred liquid carriers for injectable solutions.

The preparation of pharmaceutical compositions containing the active ingredient is well known in the art. Typically, such compositions are prepared as liquid solutions suspensions, either as aerosols of polypeptides carried into the nasopharynx, or as injectables; However, solid forms suitable as solutions or suspensions in liquids prior to injection can also be prepared. The formulation may also be emulsified. The active therapeutic ingredient is often mixed with excipients which are pharmaceutically acceptable and compatible with the active ingredient. Examples of suitable excipients are water, saline, dextrose, glycerol, ethanol and the like or combinations thereof.

The composition may also contain small amounts of auxiliaries, such as wetting or emulsifying agents, pH buffers, and the like, which enhance the efficiency of the active ingredient.

The active ingredient may be formulated into the composition as a neutralized pharmaceutically acceptable salt form. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include acid addition salts (formed with free amino groups of polypeptides or antibody molecules) formed with inorganic acids such as, for example, hydrochloric acid or phosphoric acid, organic acids such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, mandelic acid, and the like. Salts formed from free carboxyl groups can also be derived from inorganic bases such as, for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium or iron hydroxides, and organic bases such as isopropylamine, trimethylamine, 2-ethylamino ethanol, histidine, procaine and the like.

For example, for topical application to the body surface using creams, gels, drops and the like, the SARM preparations or their physiologically cited derivatives such as salts, esters, N-oxides and the like are prepared and incorporated into physiologically acceptable diluents. It is applied as a solution, suspension or emulsion together or alone with a pharmaceutical carrier.

In another aspect, the active compound may be delivered in vesicles, especially in liposomes (Langer, Sceince 249: 1527-1533 (1990); Treat et al., In Liposomes in the Therapy of Infectious Disease and Cancer, Lopez) Berestein and Fidler (eds.), Liss, New York, pp. 353-365 (1989); see Lopez-Berestein, ibid., Pp. 317-327; see generally ibid).

For use in medicine, the salts of the SARMs are pharmaceutically acceptable salts. However, other salts may be useful for the preparation of the compounds according to the invention or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of the invention include, for example, solutions of the compounds of the invention such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, benzoic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, carbonic acid or phosphoric acid. Acid addition salts formed in admixture with pharmaceutically acceptable acids.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention is not limited by what is specifically described herein. The scope of the invention is defined by the following claims.

The SARM compounds of the present invention, whether alone or as a composition, may comprise a) male contraception; b) various hormone-related symptoms such as tiredness, depression, reduced libido, sexual disorders, erectile dysfunction, hypogonadism, osteoporosis, hair loss, anemia, obesity, sarcopenia, osteopenia, prostatic hyperplasia, emotions And treatment of symptoms associated with androgen reduction (ADAM) in older men, such as cognitive changes and prostate cancer; c) women, such as sexual disorders, decreased libido, hypogonadism, sarcopenia, osteopenia, osteoporosis, cognitive and emotional changes, depression, anemia, hair loss, obesity, endometriosis, breast cancer, uterine cancer and ovarian cancer Treatment of symptoms associated with androgen reduction (ADIF) in women; d) treatment and / or prevention of acute and / or chronic myotropia; e) prevention and / or treatment of dry eyes; f) oral androgen replacement therapy; g) reducing the incidence, arrest or decline of prostate cancer; And / or h) induce apoptosis in cancer cells.

Claims (68)

Selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) compounds represented by the structure of formula I: Where X is a bond, O, CH ₂ , NH, S Se, PR, NO or NR; G is O or S; T is OH, OR, -NHCOCH ₃ , or NHCOR; R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , aryl, phenyl, halogen, alkenyl, or OH; R ₁ is CH ₃ , CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CH ₂ CH ₃ , or CF ₂ CF ₃ ; R ₂ is F, Cl, Br, I, CH ₃ , CF ₃ , OH, CN, NO ₂ , NHCOCH ₃ , NHCOCF ₃ , NHCOR, alkyl, arylalkyl, OR, NH ₂ , NHR, NR ₂ , or SR ; R ₃ is F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO ₂ , COR, COOH, CONHR, CF ₃ , or SnR ₃ , or R ₃ together with the benzene ring to which it is attached represents a fused ring system represented by the following structure: Forming: or Z is NO ₂ , CN, COR, COOH, or CONHR; Y is CF ₃ , F, Br, Cl, I, CN, or SnR ₃ ; Q is N ₃ or NHCOCH ₂ Hal; Hal is halogen; n is an integer from 1 to 4; m is an integer of 1-3. Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator (SARM) compounds represented by the structure of Formula I or analogs, isomers, metabolites, derivatives, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, N-oxides, hydrates or any combination thereof: Where X is a bond, O, CH ₂ , NH, S Se, PR, NO or NR; G is O or S; T is OH, OR, -NHCOCH ₃ , or NHCOR; R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , aryl, phenyl, halogen, alkenyl, or OH; R ₁ is CH ₃ , CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CH ₂ CH ₃ , or CF ₂ CF ₃ ; R ₂ is F, Cl, Br, I, CH ₃ , CF ₃ , OH, CN, NO ₂ , NHCOCH ₃ , NHCOCF ₃ , NHCOR, alkyl, arylalkyl, OR, NH ₂ , NHR, NR ₂ , or SR ; R ₃ is F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO ₂ , COR, COOH, CONHR, CF ₃ , or SnR ₃ , or R ₃ together with the benzene ring to which it is attached represents a fused ring system represented by the following structure: Forming: or Z is NO ₂ , CN, COR, COOH, or CONHR; Y is CF ₃ , F, Br, Cl, I, CN, or SnR ₃ ; Q is N ₃ or NHCOCH ₂ Hal; Hal is halogen; n is an integer from 1 to 4; m is an integer of 1-3. The method of claim 1, A compound characterized by G being O. The method of claim 1, A compound characterized by T being OH. The method of claim 1, R ₁ is CH ₃ . The method of claim 1, Wherein X is O. The method of claim 1, And Z is NO ₂ . The method of claim 1, Z is CN. The method of claim 1, Y is CF ₃ . The method of claim 1, Q is NHCOCH ₂ Cl. The method of claim 1, Q is NHCOCH ₂ Cl. The method of claim 1, Q is N ₃ . The method of claim 1, A compound characterized in that the compound is an alkylating agent. Selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) compounds represented by the structure of formula II: Where X is a bond, O, CH ₂ , NH, S, Se, PR, NO or NR; G is O or S; R ₁ is CH ₃ , CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CH ₂ CH ₃ , or CF ₂ CF ₃ ; T is OH, OR, -NHCOCH ₃ , or NHCOR; R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , aryl, phenyl, halogen, alkenyl, or OH; A is a ring selected from: And B is a ring selected from: And Wherein A and B cannot be benzene rings at the same time; Z is NO ₂ , CN, COOH, COR, NHCOR, or CONHR; Y is CF ₃ , F, I, Br, Cl, CN CR ₃ , or SnR ₃ ; Q ₁ is N ₃ or NHCOCH ₂ Hal; Hal is halogen; Q ₂ is hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, CF ₃ , CN CR ₃ , SnR ₃ , NR ₂ , NHCOCH ₃ , NHCOCF ₃ , NHCOR, NHCONHR, NHCOOR, OCONHR, CONHR, NHCSCH ₃ , NHCSCF ₃ , NHCSR NHSO ₂ CH ₃ , NHSO ₂ R, OR, COR, OCOR, OSO ₂ R, SO ₂ R, SR, or ego; Q ₃ and Q ₄ independently of one another are hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, CF ₃ , CN CR ₃ , SnR ₃ , NR ₂ , NHCOCH ₃ , NHCOCF ₃ , NHCOR, NHCONHR, NHCOOR, OCONHR, CONHR, NHCSCH ₃ , NHCSCF ₃ , NHCSR NHSO ₂ CH ₃ , NHSO ₂ R, OR, COR, OCOR, OSO ₂ R, SO ₂ R, or SR; W ₁ is O, NH, NR, NO, or S; W ₂ is N or NO. Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator (SARM) compounds represented by the structure of Formula II or analogs, isomers, metabolites, derivatives, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, N-oxides, hydrates, or any combination thereof : Where X is a bond, O, CH ₂ , NH, S, Se, PR, NO or NR; G is O or S; R ₁ is CH ₃ , CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CH ₂ CH ₃ , or CF ₂ CF ₃ ; T is OH, OR, -NHCOCH ₃ , or NHCOR; R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , aryl, phenyl, halogen, alkenyl, or OH; A is a ring selected from: And B is a ring selected from: And Wherein A and B cannot be benzene rings at the same time; Z is NO ₂ , CN, COOH, COR, NHCOR, or CONHR; Y is CF ₃ , F, I, Br, Cl, CN CR ₃ , or SnR ₃ ; Q ₁ is N ₃ or NHCOCH ₂ Hal; Hal is halogen; Q ₂ is hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, CF ₃ , CN CR ₃ , SnR ₃ , NR ₂ , NHCOCH ₃ , NHCOCF ₃ , NHCOR, NHCONHR, NHCOOR, OCONHR, CONHR, NHCSCH ₃ , NHCSCF ₃ , NHCSR NHSO ₂ CH ₃ , NHSO ₂ R, OR, COR, OCOR, OSO ₂ R, SO ₂ R, SR, or ego; Q ₃ and Q ₄ independently of one another are hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, CF ₃ , CN CR ₃ , SnR ₃ , NR ₂ , NHCOCH ₃ , NHCOCF ₃ , NHCOR, NHCONHR, NHCOOR, OCONHR, CONHR, NHCSCH ₃ , NHCSCF ₃ , NHCSR NHSO ₂ CH ₃ , NHSO ₂ R, OR, COR, OCOR, OSO ₂ R, SO ₂ R, or SR; W ₁ is O, NH, NR, NO, or S; W ₂ is N or NO. The method of claim 14, A compound characterized by G being O. The method of claim 14, A compound characterized by T being OH. The method of claim 14, R ₁ is CH ₃ . The method of claim 14, Wherein X is O. The method of claim 14, And Z is NO ₂ . The method of claim 14, Z is CN. The method of claim 14, Y is CF ₃ . The method of claim 14, Q ₁ is NHCOCH ₂ Cl. The method of claim 14, Q ₁ is NHCOCH ₂ Cl. The method of claim 14, Q ₁ is N ₃ . The method of claim 14, A compound characterized in that the compound is an alkylating agent. Selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) compounds represented by the structure of formula III: Where X is a bond, O, CH ₂ , NH, S, Se, PR, NO, or NR; G is O or S; T is OH, OR, -NHCOCH ₃ , or NHCOR; Z is NO ₂ , CN, COOH, COR, NHCOR, or CONHR; Y is CF ₃ , F, I, Br, Cl, CN, CR ₃ or SnR ₃ ; Q is N ₃ or NHCOCH ₂ Hal; Hal is halogen; R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , aryl, phenyl, halogen, alkenyl or OH; R ₁ is CH ₃ , CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CH ₂ CH ₃ , or CF ₂ CF ₃ . Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator (SARM) compounds represented by the structure of Formula III or analogs, isomers, metabolites, derivatives, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, N-oxides, hydrates or combinations thereof: Where X is a bond, O, CH ₂ , NH, S, Se, PR, NO, or NR; G is O or S; T is OH, OR, -NHCOCH ₃ , or NHCOR; Z is NO ₂ , CN, COOH, COR, NHCOR, or CONHR; Y is CF ₃ , F, I, Br, Cl, CN, CR ₃ or SnR ₃ ; Q is N ₃ or NHCOCH ₂ Hal; Hal is halogen; R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , aryl, phenyl, halogen, alkenyl or OH; R ₁ is CH ₃ , CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CH ₂ CH ₃ , or CF ₂ CF ₃ . The method of claim 27, A compound characterized by G being O. The method of claim 27, A compound characterized by T being OH. The method of claim 27, R ₁ is CH ₃ . The method of claim 27, Wherein X is O. The method of claim 27, And Z is NO ₂ . The method of claim 27, Z is CN. The method of claim 27, Y is CF ₃ . The method of claim 27, Q is NHCOCH ₂ Cl. The method of claim 27, Q is NHCOCH ₂ Cl. The method of claim 27, Q is N ₃ . The method of claim 27, A compound characterized in that the compound is an alkylating agent. The method of claim 27, A compound characterized by the structure of formula IV: 41. The selective androgen receptor modulator compound of any one of claims 1, 14, 27 and 40 and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates or N-oxides or any combination thereof; And a suitable carrier or diluent. 41. The selective androgen receptor modulator compound of any one of claims 1, 14, 27 and 40 and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, hydrates or Effective amounts of N-oxides or any combination thereof; And a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or salt. As a method of inhibiting spermatogenesis in a subject, A selective androgen receptor modulator compound of any one of claims 1, 14, 27 and 40 and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceuticals of any one of claims 1, 14, 27 and 40. Contacting the pharmaceutical product, hydrate or N-oxide or any combination thereof in an amount effective to inhibit sperm production How to include. As a method of contraception in male subjects, 41. A selective androgen receptor modulator compound of any one of claims 1, 14, 27, and 40 and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products of any one of said subjects. , Hydrate or N-oxide or any combination thereof, in an amount effective to effect contraception in the subject by inhibiting sperm production in the subject. How to include. As a hormonal therapy, The selective androgen receptor modulator compound of any one of claims 1, 14, 27 and 40 and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, Administering the hydrate or N-oxide or any combination thereof in an amount effective to cause a change in the androgen dependent state How to include. As a hormone replacement therapy, The selective androgen receptor modulator compound of any one of claims 1, 14, 27 and 40 and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products, Administering the hydrate or N-oxide or any combination thereof in an amount effective to cause a change in the androgen dependent state How to include. As a method of preventing prostate cancer in a subject, 41. A selective androgen receptor modulator compound of any one of claims 1, 14, 27, and 40 and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products of any one of said subjects. Administering a hydrate or N-oxide or any combination thereof in an amount effective to prevent prostate cancer in the subject How to include. As a method of treating a subject having hormone-related symptoms, 41. A selective androgen receptor modulator compound of any one of claims 1, 14, 27, and 40 and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products of any one of said subjects. , Hydrate or N-oxide or any combination thereof, in an amount effective to cause a change in the androgen dependent state How to include. As a method of treating a subject with prostate cancer, 41. A selective androgen receptor modulator compound of any one of claims 1, 14, 27, and 40 and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products of any one of said subjects. Administering hydrate or N-oxide or any combination thereof in an amount effective to treat prostate cancer in the subject How to include. As a method of delaying the progression of prostate cancer in a subject with prostate cancer, 41. A selective androgen receptor modulator compound of any one of claims 1, 14, 27, and 40 and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products of any one of said subjects. Administering hydrate or N-oxide or any combination thereof in an amount effective to retard the progression of prostate cancer in the subject. How to include. As a method of preventing recurrence of prostate cancer in a subject having prostate cancer, 41. A selective androgen receptor modulator compound of any one of claims 1, 14, 27, and 40 and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products of any one of said subjects. , Hydrate or N-oxide or any combination thereof, in an amount effective to prevent recurrence of prostate cancer in the subject How to include. As a method of treating recurrence of prostate cancer in a subject having prostate cancer, 41. A selective androgen receptor modulator compound of any one of claims 1, 14, 27, and 40 and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products of any one of said subjects. Administering hydrate or N-oxide or any combination thereof in an amount effective to treat a recurrence of prostate cancer in the subject. How to include. A method of treating dry eye in a subject with dry eyes, 41. A selective androgen receptor modulator compound of any one of claims 1, 14, 27, and 40 and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products of any one of said subjects. , Hydrate or N-oxide or any combination thereof, in an amount effective to treat dry eye in the subject How to include. As a method of preventing dry eye in a subject, 41. A selective androgen receptor modulator compound of any one of claims 1, 14, 27, and 40 and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products of any one of said subjects. Administering a hydrate or N-oxide or combination thereof in an amount effective to prevent dry eye in the subject How to include. As a method of inducing apoptosis in prostate cancer cells, 41. The cell comprises the selective androgen receptor modulator compound of any one of claims 1, 14, 27 and 40 and / or analogs, derivatives, isomers, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical products thereof. Contacting the hydrate or N-oxide or any combination thereof in an amount effective to induce apoptosis in the cancer cell How to include. A method for preparing a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) compound represented by the structure of formula I, (Wherein X is a bond, O, CH ₂ , NH, S Se, PR, NO or NR; G is O or S; T is OH, OR, -NHCOCH ₃ , or NHCOR; R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , aryl, phenyl, halogen, alkenyl, or OH; R ₁ is CH ₃ , CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CH ₂ CH ₃ , or CF ₂ CF ₃ ; R ₂ is F, Cl, Br, I, CH ₃ , CF ₃ , OH, CN, NO ₂ , NHCOCH ₃ , NHCOCF ₃ , NHCOR, alkyl, arylalkyl, OR, NH ₂ , NHR, NR ₂ , or SR ; R ₃ is F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO ₂ , COR, COOH, CONHR, CF ₃ , or SnR ₃ , or R ₃ together with the benzene ring to which it is attached represents a fused ring system represented by the following structure: Forming: or Z is NO ₂ , CN, COR, COOH, or CONHR; Y is CF ₃ , F, Br, Cl, I, CN, or SnR ₃ ; Q is N ₃ or NHCOCH ₂ Hal; Hal is halogen; n is an integer from 1 to 4; m is an integer of 1 to 3.) Coupling a compound of Formula VIII with a compound of Formula IX: (Wherein Z, Y, G, R ₁ , T, R ₃ and m are as defined above and L is a leaving group) Wherein Q, X, R ₂ and n are as defined above. The method of claim 56, wherein Wherein the compound of formula VIII is prepared by the following steps: a) preparing a compound of formula X by ring-opening reaction of a compound of formula XI: Wherein L, R ₁ , G and T are as defined above and T ₁ is O or NH; And b) in the presence of a coupling agent, an amine of formula (Wherein Z, Y, R ₃ and m are as defined above) Reacting with a compound of Formula X to produce a compound of Formula VIII: The method of claim 56, wherein And further purifying the compound of Formula I using a mixture of ethanol and water. The method of claim 56, wherein Converting said selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) into an analog, isomer, metabolite, derivative, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, pharmaceutical product, N-oxide, hydrate or combination thereof. A method for preparing a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) compound represented by the structure of formula II, (Wherein X is a bond, O, CH ₂ , NH, S, Se, PR, NO or NR; G is O or S; R ₁ is CH ₃ , CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CH ₂ CH ₃ , or CF ₂ CF ₃ ; T is OH, OR, -NHCOCH ₃ , or NHCOR; R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , aryl, phenyl, halogen, alkenyl, or OH; A is a ring selected from: And B is a ring selected from: And Wherein A and B cannot be benzene rings at the same time; Z is NO ₂ , CN, COOH, COR, NHCOR, or CONHR; Y is CF ₃ , F, I, Br, Cl, CN CR ₃ , or SnR ₃ ; Q ₁ is N ₃ or NHCOCH ₂ Hal; Hal is halogen; Q ₂ is hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, CF ₃ , CN CR ₃ , SnR ₃ , NR ₂ , NHCOCH ₃ , NHCOCF ₃ , NHCOR, NHCONHR, NHCOOR, OCONHR, CONHR, NHCSCH ₃ , NHCSCF ₃ , NHCSR NHSO ₂ CH ₃ , NHSO ₂ R, OR, COR, OCOR, OSO ₂ R, SO ₂ R, SR, or ego; Q ₃ and Q ₄ independently of one another are hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, CF ₃ , CN CR ₃ , SnR ₃ , NR ₂ , NHCOCH ₃ , NHCOCF ₃ , NHCOR, NHCONHR, NHCOOR, OCONHR, CONHR, NHCSCH ₃ , NHCSCF ₃ , NHCSR NHSO ₂ CH ₃ , NHSO ₂ R, OR, COR, OCOR, OSO ₂ R, SO ₂ R, or SR; W ₁ is O, NH, NR, NO, or S; W ₂ is N or NO.) Compound of formula (XIII) (Wherein A, G, R1 and T are as defined above and L is a leaving group) Compound of Formula HX-B, wherein B and X are as defined above And coupling with the. The method of claim 60, The amide of formula XIII is prepared by the following steps: a) preparing a compound of formula X by ring-opening reaction of a ring compound of formula XI: (Wherein L, R ₁ , G and T are as defined above and T ₁ is O or NH) b) reacting an amine of formula A-NH ₂ (wherein A is as defined above) with a compound of formula X in the presence of a coupling agent to produce an amide of formula XIII: The method of claim 60, Further comprising purifying the compound of Formula II using a mixture of ethanol and water. The method of claim 60, Converting said selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) compound to an analog, isomer, metabolite, derivative, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, pharmaceutical product, N-oxide, hydrate, or combination thereof Way. A method for preparing a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) compound represented by the structure of formula III, (Wherein X is a bond, O, CH ₂ , NH, S, Se, PR, NO, or NR; G is O or S; T is OH, OR, -NHCOCH ₃ , or NHCOR; Z is NO ₂ , CN, COOH, COR, NHCOR, or CONHR; Y is CF ₃ , F, I, Br, Cl, CN, CR ₃ or SnR ₃ ; Q is N ₃ or NHCOCH ₂ Hal; Hal is halogen; R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₃ , aryl, phenyl, halogen, alkenyl or OH; R ₁ is CH ₃ , CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ , CF ₃ , CH ₂ CH ₃ , or CF ₂ CF _3. ) Compound of formula XIV (Wherein Z, Y, G, R ₁ and T are as defined above and L is a leaving group) A method comprising coupling with a compound of Formula XV: Wherein Q and X are as defined above. 65. The method of claim 64, Wherein the compound of formula XIV is prepared by the following steps: a) preparing a compound of formula X by ring-opening reaction of a ring compound of formula XI: Wherein L, R ₁ , and T are as defined above, G is O, and T ₁ is O or NH; And b) in the presence of a coupling agent, an amine of formula XVI Reacting with a compound of Formula X to produce a compound of Formula XIV: 65. The method of claim 64, Further comprising purifying the compound of Formula III using a mixture of ethanol and water. 65. The method of claim 64, Converting said selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) compound to an analog, isomer, metabolite, derivative, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, pharmaceutical product, N-oxide, hydrate, or combination thereof Way. 65. The method of claim 64, Wherein said SARM is represented by the structure of formula IV: