KR20040065934A - Fiber supported hollow fiber membrane contained wick of cross stripes - Google Patents
Fiber supported hollow fiber membrane contained wick of cross stripes Download PDFInfo
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- KR20040065934A KR20040065934A KR1020030003144A KR20030003144A KR20040065934A KR 20040065934 A KR20040065934 A KR 20040065934A KR 1020030003144 A KR1020030003144 A KR 1020030003144A KR 20030003144 A KR20030003144 A KR 20030003144A KR 20040065934 A KR20040065934 A KR 20040065934A
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- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- wick
- fiber
- lattice
- fiber support
- hollow fiber
- Prior art date
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes
- B01D69/081—Hollow fibre membranes characterised by the fibre diameter
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
- B01D61/147—Microfiltration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0081—After-treatment of organic or inorganic membranes
- B01D67/0088—Physical treatment with compounds, e.g. swelling, coating or impregnation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
- B01D69/107—Organic support material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
- B01D69/108—Inorganic support material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
- B01D69/1213—Laminated layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/30—Polyalkenyl halides
- B01D71/301—Polyvinylchloride
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/30—Polyalkenyl halides
- B01D71/32—Polyalkenyl halides containing fluorine atoms
- B01D71/34—Polyvinylidene fluoride
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/40—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. salts, amides, imides, nitriles, anhydrides, esters
- B01D71/42—Polymers of nitriles, e.g. polyacrylonitrile
- B01D71/421—Polyacrylonitrile
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/66—Polymers having sulfur in the main chain, with or without nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
- B01D71/68—Polysulfones; Polyethersulfones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/02—Details relating to pores or porosity of the membranes
- B01D2325/0283—Pore size
- B01D2325/02833—Pore size more than 10 and up to 100 nm
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/02—Details relating to pores or porosity of the membranes
- B01D2325/0283—Pore size
- B01D2325/02834—Pore size more than 0.1 and up to 1 µm
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/24—Mechanical properties, e.g. strength
Abstract
Description
본 발명은 폐수에 함유된 부유성 입자를 펌프 등의 물리적인 힘에 의해 가압 및 흡입 여과 할 수 있는 격자형 심지를 포함한 섬유지지체 중공사분리막에 대한 기술이다.The present invention relates to a fiber support hollow fiber separator comprising a lattice wick capable of pressurizing and suction filtration of suspended particles contained in waste water by a physical force such as a pump.
보다 자세하게는 폐수 중에 존재하는 입자성 물질을 제거하는 격자형 심지를 포함한 섬유지지체 중공사분리막으로 중공사분리막의 내부에 공간을 일정하게 분할하며 구조적 형태를 일정하게 유지시켜주는 격자를 포함한 섬유지지체와 섬유지지체 외부 표면에 고분자 수지를 코팅 또는 도포하여 제조된 중공사분리막으로 코팅 또는 도포된 고분자 수지의 정밀여과 분획 특성으로 입자성 물질을 차단하고 여과액만을 투과 후 여과 액은 섬유지지체를 통과하는 격자형 심지를 포함한 섬유 지지체 중공사분리막이다. 중공사분리막은 내부의 격자로 인하여 형성되며 일정하게 분할된 유로를 통하여 여과액이 이송되어지는 격자형 심지를 포함한 섬유지지체중공사분리막이다.More specifically, the fiber support hollow fiber membrane including a lattice wick to remove particulate matter present in the wastewater, and the fiber support including a lattice that divides the space uniformly in the hollow fiber membrane and maintains a constant structural form. A hollow fiber membrane prepared by coating or applying a polymer resin on the outer surface of the fiber support to block the particulate matter with the fine filtration fraction characteristics of the polymer resin coated or coated, and then pass through the filtrate only, and the filtrate passes through the fiber support. It is a fiber support hollow fiber separation membrane including a mold wick. Hollow fiber separation membrane is a fiber-supported hollow fiber membrane, including a lattice wick which is formed due to the internal lattice and the filtrate is transported through a regularly divided flow path.
일반적으로 중공사분리막은 고분자 수지의 단독으로 제조되어 중공사분리막 내부의 단일 유로를 갖고 있어 가압 또는 흡입 등의 방법으로 액체의 여과과정이 장기간 지속되거나 중공사분리막의 표면이 오염되면 투과 압력의 상승으로 구형의 중공사분리막의 형태는 타원형으로 수축하여 결과적으로 중공사분리막 내부 유로가 좁아지게되어 여과액의 원할한 이송이 어렵게 되고, 또한 중공사분리막의 구조적 결함을 주게되어 그 수명이 짧아 지게된다.In general, hollow fiber membranes are made of polymer resin alone and have a single flow path inside the hollow fiber membranes. Therefore, if the filtration process of the liquid continues for a long time or the surface of the hollow fiber membranes is contaminated by pressure or suction, the permeation pressure is increased. As a result, the spherical hollow fiber membrane is shrunk to an elliptical shape, consequently narrowing the internal flow path of the hollow fiber membrane, making it difficult to smoothly transport the filtrate, and shortening the life of the hollow fiber membrane. .
또한, 종래의 중공사분리막은 침적법 및 연신법 등에 의하여 생산되어지며 그 내부 EH는 구조적으로 어떠한 심지 또는 섬유지지체를 갖고있지 않아 일반적으로 알려져 있기로 그 인장강도가 200 gf 이하로 수중의 협잡물 등의 혼입에 의한 분리막의 절단 및 파손 등 분리막의 성능 저하와 손상 등의 문제를 안고있다.In addition, the conventional hollow fiber membranes are produced by the immersion method and the stretching method, and the internal EH does not have any wick or fiber support in structure, so it is generally known that its tensile strength is 200 gf or less, There are problems such as degradation and damage of the membrane, such as cutting and breakage of the membrane due to mixing.
그러므로 본 발명은 상기의 문제점을 해결 방안으로 격자형 심지(1) 외부에 섬유지지체(2)를 직조한(도 2)후 그 섬유지지체(2) 외부 표면에 고분자 수지(5)를 코팅 및 도포하여 정밀여과 분획 특성을 갖는 중공사분리막(도 3)을 제공함으로서 가압 및 흡입에 의한 여과액의 장시간 투과시 중공사분리막(도 3)의 구조적 형태가 변형되지 않음은 물론, 본 발명의 중공사분리막(도 3) 내부로 원할한 여과액의 수송을 할 수 있는 내부유로(6)를 제공하며, 격자형 심지(1)를 포함한 섬유지지체 중공사분리막(도 3)은 격자형 심지(1)와 섬유지지체(2) 및 고분자수지(5)의 3중 구조로 구성됨을 특징으로 하는 중공사분리막(도 3)으로 그 인장강도가 65,000 gf로 수중의 협잡물 등의 혼입에 의한 분리막의 절단 및 파손 등 분리막의 성능 저하와 손상 등의 문제를 해결할 수 있다.Therefore, the present invention is to solve the above problems by woven fiber support (2) on the outside of the lattice wick (Fig. 2) and then coating and applying the polymer resin (5) on the outer surface of the fiber support (2) By providing a hollow fiber separation membrane (FIG. 3) having a fine filtration fraction characteristics, the structural form of the hollow fiber separation membrane (FIG. 3) during the long time permeation of the filtrate by pressure and suction, as well as the hollow fiber of the present invention An internal flow path 6 capable of transporting a smooth filtrate into the separation membrane (FIG. 3) is provided, and the fiber support hollow fiber separation membrane (FIG. 3) including the lattice wick 1 is a lattice wick 1 And the fiber support (2) and the polymer resin (5) in the structure of the hollow fiber membrane (Fig. 3) characterized in that the tensile strength of 65,000 gf of the membrane separation and breakage due to the mixing of impurities such as underwater Problems such as deterioration and damage of the separator can be solved.
도1은 사각 격자 심지의 구성도이며,1 is a block diagram of a rectangular lattice wick,
도2는 격자형 심지 외부에 직조된 섬유지지체의 구성도이며,2 is a block diagram of a fiber support woven outside the lattice wick,
도3은 격자형 심지를 포함한 섬유지지체 중공사분리막의 개념도이며,3 is a conceptual diagram of a fiber support hollow fiber separation membrane including a lattice wick,
도4는 다각의 격자형 심지 단면도 이며,Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the grid wick of the polygon,
도5는 날개로 구성된 다각의 격자형 심지 단면도 이다.Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a polygonal lattice wick composed of wings.
- 도면의 주요 부호의 설명-Description of the main symbols in the drawings
1. 격자형 심지 2. 성유지지체1. Lattice type wick 2. Oil support
3. 섬유지지체 두께 4. 공경3. Fiber support thickness 4. Pore
5. 고분자수지 6. 내부유로5. Polymer resin 6. Internal flow path
7. 다공성 공극 8. 중공사분리막 외경7. Porous Pore 8. Hollow Fiber Membrane Outer Diameter
9. 격자 10. 격자 모서리9. Grid 10. Grid edges
11. 날개11.wing
본 발명은 상기의 문제점을 해결하는 방안으로 격자형 심지(1)로 중공사분리막(도 3) 내부유로(6)를 일정하게 분할하고, 중공사분리막(도 3)이 여과액을 여과처리할 때 수축되어 중공사분리막(도 3)의 형태가 변형되는 것을 방지하며, 격자형 심지(1)는 외부에 섬유지지체(2)로 감싸져 있고(도 2) 그 섬유지지체(2) 외부 표면에 고분자수지(5)를 코팅 또는 도포하여 수중에서 경화되어 정밀여과 분획 특성을 갖는 격자형 심지(1)를 포함한 섬유지지체 중공사분리막(도 3)이다.According to the present invention, the hollow fiber membrane (FIG. 3) divides the internal flow path 6 into a grid-like wick 1 in a constant manner, and the hollow fiber membrane (FIG. 3) filters the filtrate. When contracted to prevent deformation of the hollow fiber membrane (Fig. 3), the lattice wick (1) is wrapped with a fiber support (2) on the outside (Fig. 2) and the fiber support (2) on the outer surface It is a fiber support hollow fiber membrane (FIG. 3) including a lattice wick (1) coated or coated with a polymer resin (5) and cured in water to have microfiltration fractionation characteristics.
격자형 심지(1)는 삼각격자에서 팔각격자(도 4)로 할 수 있으며, 그 격자 끝의 면은 날개(11)를 포함 할 수 있다. 하나의 격자(9)는 그 길이를 1∼10mm, 격자모서리(10)의 길이는 0.5∼5mm, 날개(11)의 길이는 1∼3mm로 구성될 수 있다. 또한 격자형 심지(1)는 폴리프로필렌, 폴리에틸렌 및 나일론 등으로 이루어질 수 있다.The lattice wick 1 may be an octagonal lattice (FIG. 4) in a triangular lattice, and the surface of the lattice end may include a wing 11. One grating 9 may have a length of 1 to 10 mm, a length of the grating edge 10 to 0.5 to 5 mm, and a length of the blade 11 to 1 to 3 mm. In addition, the lattice wick 1 may be made of polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon and the like.
격자형 심지의 외부표면에 감싸고 있는 섬유지지체(2)는 폴리에스테르, 폴리스틸렌, 폴리프로필렌, 나일론, 천연면 및 유리섬유로 구성되어진 실을 격자형 심지(1) 외부표면에 직조하게 되어(도 2) 일정한 공경(4)을 보유하게되며 0.1∼2mm의 두께(3)로 구성될 수 있다.The fiber support 2 wrapped on the outer surface of the lattice wick is woven on the outer surface of the lattice wick 1 of yarns composed of polyester, polystyrene, polypropylene, nylon, natural cotton and glass fiber (FIG. 2). It has a constant pore diameter (4) and may consist of a thickness (3) of 0.1 to 2 mm.
격자형 심지(1)를 포함한 섬유지지체(2) 외부 표면에 Polysulfone, Polyvinylchloride, Polyvinyldenefluoride, Polyethersulfone, Polyacrylonitrite 등의 고분자로 제조한 고분자 수지(5)를 제작 기구에 의하여 코팅 또는 도포하여 제작된 격자형 심지를 포함한 섬유지지체 중공사분리막(도 3)은 0.05∼1.0 ㎛ 의 정밀여과의 분획특성을 가진 다공성 공극(7)을 갖고 있다. 격자형 심지를 포함한 섬유지지체 중공사 분리막(도 3)은 1∼20mm의 외경(8)을 가진다.A lattice wick made by coating or applying a polymer resin (5) made of a polymer such as polysulfone, polyvinylchloride, polyvinyldenefluoride, polyethersulfone, and polyacrylonitrite on the outer surface of the fiber support including the lattice wick (1). The fiber support hollow fiber separation membrane (FIG. 3) including the porous support membrane 7 has a fractional characteristic of microfiltration of 0.05 to 1.0 µm. The fiber support hollow fiber separator (FIG. 3) including the lattice wick has an outer diameter 8 of 1 to 20 mm.
상기의 구성에 의하여 제조된 격자형 심지를 포함한 섬유지지체 중공사분리막(도 3)은 격자형 심지(1)와 섬유지지체(2) 및 고분자수지(5)의 3중 구조로 구성됨을 특징으로 하는 중공사분리막(도 3)으로, 분석에 따르면 그 인장강도가 65,000 gf이다.The fiber support hollow fiber separator (FIG. 3) including the lattice wick manufactured by the above configuration is characterized in that it consists of a triple structure of the lattice wick (1), the fiber support (2), and the polymer resin (5). Hollow fiber separator (Fig. 3), the analysis shows that the tensile strength is 65,000 gf.
이상의 구성 및 작용에 의하면 본 발명은 폴리프로필렌, 폴리에틸렌 및 나일론 등으로 이루어진 격자형 심지(1)와 폴리에스테르, 폴리스틸렌, 폴리프로필렌, 나일론, 천연면 및 유리섬유로 구성되어진 실을 격자형 심지(1) 의부표면에 직조(도 2)하게 되어 일정한 공경(4)을 보유하는 섬유지지체(2) 그리고 섬유지지체(2) 외부 표면에 Polysulfone, Polyvinylchloride, Polyvinyldenefluoride, Polyethersulfone, Polyacrylonitrite 등의 고분자로 제조한 고분자 수지(5)를 제작 기구에 의하여 코팅 또는 도포하여 제작된 격자형 심지를 포함한 섬유지지체 중공사분리막(도 3)은 격자형 심지(1)와 섬유지지체(2) 및 정밀여과 분획 특성을 갖는 고분자수지(5)의 3중 구조로 구성됨을 특징으로 하는 격자형 심지를 포함한 섬유지지체 중공사형분리막(도 3)으로 가압 및 흡입에 의한 여과액의 장시간 투과시 중공사분리막(도 3)의 구조적형태가 변형되지 않음은 물론, 본 발명의 중공사분리막(도 3) 내부로 원할한 여과액의 수송을 할 수 있는 내부유로(6)를 제공하며, 분석에 따르면 그 인장강도가 65,000 gf인 격자형 심지를 포함한 섬유지지체 중공사분리막(도 3)이다.According to the above configuration and operation, the present invention is a lattice wick (1) made of polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon, and the like, and a yarn composed of polyester, polystyrene, polypropylene, nylon, natural cotton and glass fiber (1). 2) Polymer resin made of a polymer such as polysulfone, polyvinylchloride, polyvinyldenefluoride, polyethersulfone, polyacrylonitrite, etc. on the outer surface of the fiber support (2) and the fiber support (2) having a constant pore diameter (4) (5) the fiber support hollow fiber separation membrane (FIG. 3) including a lattice wick produced by coating or coating by a fabrication apparatus is a lattice wick (1) and a fiber support (2) and a polymer resin having microfiltration fractionation characteristics. Long time of filtrate by pressurization and suction with fiber support hollow fiber membrane (FIG. 3) including lattice wick, characterized by consisting of triple structure of (5) In addition, the structural form of the hollow fiber separation membrane (FIG. 3) is not deformed during liver permeation, and provides an internal flow path 6 capable of transporting a filtrate into the hollow fiber separation membrane (FIG. 3) of the present invention. According to the analysis, the fiber support hollow fiber membranes (Fig. 3) including a lattice wick whose tensile strength is 65,000 gf.
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