KR20040064850A - a RDF(refuse derived fuel) with thermal cracking wax from waste plastics and it's manufacturing method - Google Patents
a RDF(refuse derived fuel) with thermal cracking wax from waste plastics and it's manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- KR20040064850A KR20040064850A KR1020030001715A KR20030001715A KR20040064850A KR 20040064850 A KR20040064850 A KR 20040064850A KR 1020030001715 A KR1020030001715 A KR 1020030001715A KR 20030001715 A KR20030001715 A KR 20030001715A KR 20040064850 A KR20040064850 A KR 20040064850A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/406—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on plastic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/02—Combustion or pyrolysis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/14—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production
- C10L2290/141—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production of additive or catalyst
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
Description
본 발명은 폐플라스틱의 열분해 왁스를 이용한 고형연료에 관한 것으로, 더욱 상세하게는 폐비닐과 같은 열가소성 폐플라스틱를 열분해(thermal cracking)하여 왁스(wax)로 제조한 후 이를 석탄, 톱밥, 오니, 무연탄, 갈탄, 폐목재 파쇄물 등과 혼합 성형시키는 폐플라스틱의 열분해 왁스를 이용한 고형연료 및 그의 제조방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a solid fuel using pyrolysis wax of waste plastics, and more particularly, thermally cracking thermoplastic waste plastics such as waste vinyl to produce wax (wax), and then coal, sawdust, sludge, anthracite, The present invention relates to a solid fuel using pyrolysis wax of waste plastic mixed with lignite, waste wood shredded matter, and the like and a method of manufacturing the same.
현재 농업용, 산업용 폐비닐과 같은 폐플라스틱는 토양 및 대기환경오염에 막대한 영향을 끼쳐 이들 오염원을 제거하기 위해 정부에서 일괄수거하여 수요처에 무료로 공급하거나 재생 플라스틱(pellet type)을 생산하지만 품질문제로 인해 재활용 수요의 한계에 와 있어 수거된 폐비닐의 적체에 따른 하치장 확보 문제가 심각한 정도이다.At present, waste plastics such as agricultural and industrial waste vinyl have a huge impact on soil and air pollution and are collected by the government for free to supply to the source or produce recycled plastic (pellet type) to remove these pollutants. Due to the limited demand for recycling, the problem of securing a dump due to the accumulation of waste vinyl collected is serious.
또한 이와같은 폐비닐은 매립이 불가능하기 때문에 소각장에서 소각할 수 밖에 없지만 소각시 불완전연소에 의한 2차 대기오염 또는 발암물질인 다이옥신의 과다 방출로 인해 치명적인 폐해 때문에 소각 또한 어려운 실정이다.In addition, such waste vinyl is incinerated at the incinerator because it is impossible to landfill, but incineration is also difficult due to fatal harm due to secondary air pollution or excessive release of dioxin, a carcinogen, by incomplete combustion during incineration.
이에 근래들어 상기 농업용, 산업용 폐플라스틱의 문제를 해결하기 위한 방법으로 폐플라스틱를 이용하여 오일을 제조하거나 또는 파쇄하여 다른 물질과 혼합시켜 고형의 연료(RDF)를 제조하는 방법이 제안되기도 했지만 전자의 경우는 처리공정이 복잡하고 폐플라스틱를 열분해하기 위해서 400℃ 전후로 가열해야 하므로 에너지가 소모가 많아 경제성이 저하되며, 또한 생성된 오일의 품질이 매우 뒤떨어지는 문제점이 있고, 후자의 경우는 소각시 환경오염물질인 다이옥신과 같은 유해물질이 발생되는 문제점이 있었다.Recently, as a method for solving the problems of the agricultural and industrial waste plastics, a method of producing solid fuel (RDF) by preparing oil or using shredded plastics and mixing with other materials has been proposed. Since the process is complicated and needs to be heated to around 400 ℃ to pyrolyze waste plastics, energy consumption is high and economic efficiency is deteriorated. In addition, the quality of generated oil is very poor. In the latter case, environmental pollutants during incineration There was a problem that harmful substances such as dioxin are generated.
본 발명은 상기 종래 기술의 문제점을 해소하기 위한 것으로, 수거된 농업용 또는 산업용 폐플라스틱을 촉매존재하에서 저온으로 용융시켜 얻어진 왁스에 가연성 배합제를 혼합한 후 성형건조시켜 고형연료를 제조하는 폐플라스틱의 열분해 왁스를 이용한 고형연료의 제조방법을 제공하는 데 그 목적이 있다.The present invention is to solve the problems of the prior art, a waste plastic for producing a solid fuel by mixing the flammable compounding agent to a wax obtained by melting the collected agricultural or industrial waste plastics at a low temperature in the presence of a catalyst to form a solid fuel It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a solid fuel using pyrolysis wax.
또한 본 발명의 또다른 목적은 상기 제조방법을 통해 저렴한 비용으로 열량이 높고 공해물질의 발생이 없는 고형연료(RDF)를 제공하는 것이다.In addition, another object of the present invention is to provide a solid fuel (RDF) that is high in calories and generation of pollutants at low cost through the manufacturing method.
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 폐플라스틱의 열분해 왁스를 이용한 고형연료의 제조공정을 보여주는 흐름도1 is a flow chart showing the manufacturing process of the solid fuel using the pyrolysis wax of the waste plastic according to the present invention
도 2는 본 발명에 따른 폐플라스틱의 열분해 왁스를 이용한 고형연료의 제조장치에 대한 구성도2 is a block diagram of a manufacturing apparatus of a solid fuel using the pyrolysis wax of the waste plastic according to the present invention
도 3는 본 발명에 따른 폐플라스틱의 열분해 왁스를 이용한 고형연료 및 그의 제조방법에서 촉매에 따라 얻어진 왁스의 분자량 분포를 보여주는 겔침투크로마토그래피3 is a gel permeation chromatography showing the molecular weight distribution of the wax obtained according to the catalyst in the solid fuel using the pyrolysis wax of the waste plastic according to the present invention and a method for producing the same
* 도면의 주요 부분에 대한 부호의 설명 *Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawings
2 : 열분해 반응기 10 : 1공정2: pyrolysis reactor 10: 1 process
20 : 2공정20: 2 step
상술한 목적을 달성하기 위해 본 발명은The present invention to achieve the above object
폐플라스틱의 용융시 촉매를 사용함으로써 낮은 온도에서 열분해시켜 왁스를 제조하는 1공정과; 상기 왁스에 가연성 배합제를 일정비율로 혼합 성형시켜 고형연료를 제조하는 2공정으로; 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 한다.1 step of producing a wax by thermal decomposition at a low temperature by using a catalyst in melting the waste plastic; In the second step of producing a solid fuel by mixing and molding a flammable compounding agent in a predetermined ratio to the wax; Characterized in that made.
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 폐플라스틱 열분해 왁스를 이용한 고형연료의 제조공정을 보여주는 흐름도이다.1 is a flow chart showing a manufacturing process of a solid fuel using waste plastic pyrolysis wax according to the present invention.
상기 1공정(10)은 열분해 반응기(2)에 질소가스(N2)로 퍼지시킨 다음 폐비닐과 같은 폐플라스틱과 촉매를 일정비율로 투입한 후 교반시키면서 200℃ ~ 300℃ 로 가열하여 열분해(thermal cracking)시켜 왁스(wax)를 생성시킨다.The first step (10) is purged with nitrogen gas (N 2 ) to the pyrolysis reactor (2), and then put the waste plastic and catalyst such as waste vinyl at a constant ratio and then heated to 200 ℃ ~ 300 ℃ while stirring and pyrolysis ( thermal cracking) to produce waxes.
이때 교반속도가 크거나 질소유량이 세면 반응이 격렬히 일어나게 되므로 질소분위기만 만들어주고 교반속도를 20 rpm 정도로 작게 해줌이 적당하다.At this time, if the stirring speed is large or the nitrogen flow rate is high, the reaction occurs vigorously, so it is suitable to make only the nitrogen atmosphere and reduce the stirring speed to about 20 rpm.
또한 상기 생성된 왁스는 분자량이 대략 1500 ~ 2000 정도가 본 발명에서 요구되는 가장 적정한 점도를 갖는다.In addition, the resulting wax has a most suitable viscosity of about 1500 to 2000 molecular weight is required in the present invention.
즉, 점도가 너무 낮거나 높으면 가연성 배합제와의 배합시 결속력이 저하되어 제조된 고형연료의 품질이 저하될 수 있다.That is, if the viscosity is too low or high, the binding force may be lowered when blending with the combustible compounding agent, thereby lowering the quality of the manufactured solid fuel.
다음의 표 1은 실험을 통해 여러가지 촉매에 따라 생성된 열분해 왁스의 제조 결과를 비교한 도표이다.Table 1 below is a chart comparing the results of the production of pyrolysis wax produced according to various catalysts through experiments.
(표 1)Table 1
(주 1) 불순물은 모래, 흙등을 의미한다.(Note 1) Impurity means sand, soil, etc.
표 1에서 알 수 있듯이,As Table 1 shows,
왁스를 촉매(라디칼반응의 개시제)로 사용했을 경우 350℃ 에서 160분간 반응시켰을 때 평균분자량 20000이상이었던 폐비닐이 평균분자량 3000 정도의 열분해 왁스로 변한 것을 알 수 있다.When wax is used as a catalyst (initiator for radical reaction), it can be seen that waste vinyl, which had an average molecular weight of 20,000 or more when reacted at 350 ° C. for 160 minutes, was changed to pyrolytic wax having an average molecular weight of 3000.
또한 ZSM-5(Zeolite Synthesized by Mobil) 촉매하에서는 반응온도가 약 300℃에서 160분에서 170분정도 반응시켰을 때 얻어진 열분해 왁스는 평균분자량이 약 3,000정도임을 알 수 있다.In addition, under the ZSM-5 (Zeolite Synthesized by Mobil) catalyst, the pyrolysis wax obtained when the reaction temperature is about 300 to 170 minutes at 300 ° C. shows that the average molecular weight is about 3,000.
그런데 특히 제올라이트(zeolyte Y) 촉매를 사용했을 경우에는 290℃ 에서 150분간 반응시켰을 때 평균분자량 20,000이상이었던 폐비닐이 평균분자량 2,000 정도의 열분해 왁스로 변한 것을 알 수 있다.However, in the case of using a zeolite (zeolyte Y) catalyst, it can be seen that the waste vinyl, which had an average molecular weight of 20,000 or more when reacted at 290 ° C. for 150 minutes, turned into a pyrolysis wax having an average molecular weight of about 2,000.
즉, 제올라이트(zeolyte Y) 촉매는 낮은 반응온도와 절감된 반응시간에서도 본 발명에서 요구되는 저분자량(1,500 ~ 2,000)의 왁스를 제조할 수 있어 에너지의 절감효과가 뚜렷함을 알 수 있다.That is, the zeolite (zeolyte Y) catalyst can produce a low molecular weight (1,500 ~ 2,000) wax required in the present invention even at low reaction temperature and reduced reaction time, it can be seen that the energy saving effect is obvious.
또한 도 3은 상기 표 1의 결과에 대한 왁스의 분자량 분포를 보여주는 겔침투크로마토그래피(GPC)로써 x축은 분자량(molecular weight)의 로그값이고, y축은 미분분자량이다.In addition, Figure 3 is a gel permeation chromatography (GPC) showing the molecular weight distribution of the wax for the results of Table 1, the x-axis is the logarithm of the molecular weight (molecular weight), the y-axis is the molecular weight.
즉, 일정크기의 공극(pore)이 있는 컬럼에 용매에 녹인 왁스를 통과시키는 경우 분자량이 아주 작은 고분자들은 공극에 침투하게 되므로 분자량이 아주 큰 고분자들부터 컬럼을 통과해 빠져나오게 된다.In other words, when a wax dissolved in a solvent is passed through a column having a pore of a certain size, polymers having a very small molecular weight penetrate the pores, and the polymer having a large molecular weight is passed through the column.
도 3에 보는 바와 같이, 보다 낮은 온도 및 짧은 반응시간에서 제올라이트계(zeolyte Y)를 이용하여 제조된 왁스의 경우 동일 조건 하의 다른 촉매에 의해 제조된 왁스에 비해 평균분자량이 1,996으로 작음을 알 수 있다.As shown in FIG. 3, it can be seen that the average molecular weight of the wax prepared by using zeolite (zeolyte Y) at a lower temperature and a short reaction time is 1,996 as compared to the wax produced by other catalysts under the same conditions. have.
이때 상기 촉매중에서 zeolyte Y는 비표면적이 700 ~ 900 ㎡/g이고, ZSM-5는 비표면적이 400 ㎡/g으로써 촉매활성이 zeolyte Y가 보다 더 우수한 것이다.At this time, zeolyte Y has a specific surface area of 700 to 900 m 2 / g and ZSM-5 has a specific surface area of 400 m 2 / g, which is more excellent than zeolyte Y.
상기 2공정(20)은 상기 1공정에서 얻어진 열분해 왁스에 가연성 배합제를 10 wt% ~ 70 wt%의 비율로 혼합시킨 후 조개탄 모양과 같이 일정형상으로 성형 건조시켜 고형연료를 제조한다.In the second step 20, a flammable compounding agent is mixed with the pyrolysis wax obtained in the first step at a ratio of 10 wt% to 70 wt%, and then molded and dried in a shape such as briquette to produce a solid fuel.
이때 상기 가연성 배합제로는 석탄, 오니, 톱밥 등이 사용되며, 이들을 단독으로 사용하거나 혼합시켜 사용할 수 있다.In this case, as the combustible compounding agent, coal, sludge, sawdust, etc. may be used, and these may be used alone or mixed.
상기 고형연료는 상기 열분해 왁스가 결합제(binder)의 역할을 하므로 성형이 쉽고 조개탄 대용 또는 조개탄과 섞어서 사용할 수 있어 별도의 연소장치가 필요없이 기존의 보일러에 즉시 투입하여 연료로 사용될 수 있다.Since the pyrolysis wax plays a role of a binder, the solid fuel can be easily molded and mixed with briquettes or mixed with briquettes and can be immediately used as a fuel without requiring a separate combustion device.
아래의 표 2는 폐플라스틱으로 제조한 왁스와 석탄, 톱밥의 배합 비율에 따른 열량을 비교한 것이다.Table 2 below is a comparison of the calories according to the mixing ratio of the wax, coal, sawdust made of waste plastic.
(표 2)Table 2
상기 표 2에 보이는 것처럼 본 발명에 따른 고형연료는 석탄보다 열량이 더 높고, 잘 연소되며 석탄과 혼합하여 사용할 때 석탄의 점화가 어려운 단점을 개선할 수 있다.As shown in Table 2, the solid fuel according to the present invention has a higher calorie value than coal, and burns well, and can improve the disadvantages of ignition of coal when used in combination with coal.
또한 배합제로 목재나 톱밥 등이 사용되었을 때 연소시간이 연장됨을 알 수 있으며, 왁스가 70 % 이상일 때는 단독으로 사용하기 보다는 다른 연료와 함께 사용하는 것이 연소가 더 잘됨을 알 수 있다.In addition, it can be seen that the burning time is extended when wood or sawdust is used as a compounding agent, and when the wax is 70% or more, it can be seen that combustion is better when used together with other fuels than by itself.
그리고 상기 왁스의 제조 및 고형연료의 제조장치는 구조가 간결하여 저렴한 비용으로 지역별 수거장소에 설치할 수 있으며, 수거된 폐플라스틱을 열분해시킨 후 가연성 배합제와 혼합하여 즉시 고형연료를 제조할 수 있고, 이를 각 지역의 비닐하우스 난방연료로 재활용할 수 있는 것이다.And the manufacturing device of the wax and the production of solid fuel can be installed in the collection area for each region at a low cost because of its compact structure, and can be immediately produced solid fuel by thermal decomposition of the collected waste plastics and mixed with the combustible compounding agent, It can be recycled as heating fuel for the plastic houses in each region.
이하 미설명부호 1은 질소저장통, 3은 유량계, 4는 교반모터, 5는 온도계, 6은 가열대, 8은 교반기, 9는 응축기, 7은 집유조, 11은 거품제거트랩을 나타낸다.Reference numeral 1 denotes a nitrogen reservoir, 3 a flow meter, 4 a stirring motor, 5 a thermometer, 6 a heating table, 8 agitator, 9 a condenser, 7 a collecting tank, and 11 a bubble removing trap.
이상에서 설명한 바와 같이, 본 발명은 처리 곤란한 폐비닐과 같은 폐플라스틱을 촉매와 함께 비교적 낮은 온도에서 열분해하여 왁스를 제조하고, 제조된 왁스를 결합제(binder)로 하여 오니, 석탄, 톱밥 등의 가연성 배합제와 혼합하여 열량이 높은 고형연료를 저렴한 비용으로 제조함으로써 폐자원을 재활용할 수 있고, 환경오염을 줄일 수 있으며, 수거된 장소에서 곧바로 연료화할 수 있어 재활용효율이 극대화될 수 있는 장점이 제공된다.As described above, the present invention thermally decomposes waste plastic, such as waste vinyl, which is difficult to treat, at a relatively low temperature with a catalyst to produce wax, and uses the prepared wax as a binder, so that flammability of coal, sawdust, etc. By mixing with a compounding agent, solid fuels with high calorie value can be manufactured at low cost, thereby recycling waste resources, reducing environmental pollution, and fueling them immediately at the place of collection, thereby maximizing recycling efficiency. do.
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