KR20040009372A - Nickel metal hydride self discharge calculating method of electric vehicle - Google Patents

Nickel metal hydride self discharge calculating method of electric vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
KR20040009372A
KR20040009372A KR1020020043299A KR20020043299A KR20040009372A KR 20040009372 A KR20040009372 A KR 20040009372A KR 1020020043299 A KR1020020043299 A KR 1020020043299A KR 20020043299 A KR20020043299 A KR 20020043299A KR 20040009372 A KR20040009372 A KR 20040009372A
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South Korea
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nickel metal
metal hydride
hydride battery
electric vehicle
self discharge
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KR1020020043299A
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Korean (ko)
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송요인
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현대자동차주식회사
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Priority to KR1020020043299A priority Critical patent/KR20040009372A/en
Publication of KR20040009372A publication Critical patent/KR20040009372A/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
    • H01M10/30—Nickel accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Tests Of Electric Status Of Batteries (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE: A method for calculating the self-discharged amount of a nickel metal hydride battery for an electric car is provided, to prevent the fail of a nickel metal hydride battery due to the error in the measurement of the charged amount of the battery for improving the lifetime of an electric car. CONSTITUTION: The method comprises the steps of (S310) determining whether an electric car is in the key-off state; (S312) detecting how long the electric car is left in the key-off state if the electric car is determined to be in the key-off state; (S314) measuring the temperature of a nickel metal hydride battery by waking up the battery management system if the detected time exceeds a set time; (S320) calculating the self-discharged amount according to the initial charge amount of the nickel metal hydride battery and the measured temperature; and (S322) waking off the battery management system.

Description

전기 차량용 니켈 금속수소 전지의 자기 방전량 계산 방법{NICKEL METAL HYDRIDE SELF DISCHARGE CALCULATING METHOD OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE}Calculation method of self-discharge of nickel metal hydride battery for electric vehicle {NICKEL METAL HYDRIDE SELF DISCHARGE CALCULATING METHOD OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE}

본 발명은 전기 차량에 관한 것으로서, 특히 전기 차량용 니켈 금속수소 전지의 자기 방전량 계산 방법에 관한 것이다.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electric vehicle, and more particularly, to a method for calculating a self discharge amount of a nickel metal hydride battery for an electric vehicle.

통상적으로, 전기 차량을 키-오프(Key Off)하여 방치시에 탑재된 니켈 금속수소 전지에서 자기 방전이 발생하기 때문에 니켈 금속수소 전지 충전량(SOC)은 감소하며, 전기 차량에서는 이것을 정확히 계산해야 한다.Usually, since the self-discharge occurs in the nickel metal hydride battery mounted when the electric vehicle is keyed off, the nickel metal hydride charge amount (SOC) decreases, and the electric vehicle must calculate this accurately. .

니켈 금속수소 전지 성능시험을 통하여 니켈 금속수소 전지 충전량에 따른니켈 금속수소 전지의 전압을 측정하여 표로 작성하고, 전기 차량을 키-오프(Key Off)한 후, 다시 키-온(Key On)시에 니켈 금속수소 전지의 전압을 측정한다.Measure the voltage of nickel metal hydride battery according to nickel metal hydride battery charge through performance test of nickel metal hydride battery, make a table, key-off electric vehicle, and then turn on key on The voltage of the nickel metal hydride battery was measured.

이렇게 측정된 니켈 금속수소 전지의 전압으로부터 니켈 금속수소 전지 충전량을 계산한다.The nickel metal hydride battery charge amount is calculated from the voltage of the nickel metal hydride battery thus measured.

위와 같은 방법을 사용할 때 종래에는 니켈 금속수소 전지 충전량에 따른 니켈 금속수소 전지의 전압을 측정하여 작성된 표로부터 도출된 니켈 금속수소 전지 충전량은 키-온(Key On)시 직후, 니켈 금속수소 전지의 전압 측정 전에 전기 차량 시스템 가동으로 인한 순간적인 전압변동 때문에 오차가 발생한다.When using the above method, conventionally, the nickel metal hydride battery charge derived from the table prepared by measuring the voltage of the nickel metal hydride battery according to the charge amount of the nickel metal hydride battery is measured immediately after the key on. Errors occur due to instantaneous voltage fluctuations caused by the operation of the electric vehicle system before voltage measurement.

이와 같이 니켈 금속수소 전지 충전량 측정의 오류로 인하여 니켈 금속수소 전지의 과방전이 발생한 경우가 있으며, 이로 인한 니켈 금속수소 전지의 페일(Fail)이 발생한다.As such, an overdischarge of the nickel metal hydride battery may occur due to an error in the measurement of the charge amount of the nickel metal hydride battery, which causes a failure of the nickel metal hydride battery.

이러한 니켈 금속수소 전지의 페일로 인해 전기 차량의 수명이 단축되는 문제점이 있었다.Due to the failure of the nickel metal hydride battery there is a problem that the life of the electric vehicle is shortened.

본 발명의 목적은 니켈 금속수소 전지의 충전량 측정 오류에 따른 니켈 금속수소 전지의 페일을 방지하여 전기 차량의 수명을 향상시킬 수 있는 전기 차량용 니켈 금속수소 전지의 자기 방전량 계산 방법을 제공하는데 있다.An object of the present invention is to provide a method for calculating a self discharge amount of a nickel metal hydride battery for an electric vehicle, which can improve the life of an electric vehicle by preventing the nickel metal hydride battery from failing due to a charge measurement error of the nickel metal hydride battery.

도 1은 전기 차량용 니켈 금속수소 전지의 자기 방전으로 인한 니켈 금속수소 전지 충전량(SOC) 감소상태를 도시한 도면.1 is a view showing a reduced state of nickel metal hydride battery charge (SOC) due to self discharge of a nickel metal hydride battery for an electric vehicle.

도 2는 전기 차량용 니켈 금속수소 전지의 시험을 통하여 초기 니켈 금속수소 전지 충전량과 온도에 따른 1시간 자기 방전율의 관계를 도시한 도면.FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between an initial nickel metal hydride battery charge amount and a 1 hour self discharge rate according to a temperature through a test of a nickel metal hydride battery for an electric vehicle. FIG.

도 3은 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 전기 차량용 니켈 금속수소 전지의 자기 방전량 계산 방법을 도시한 흐름도.3 is a flowchart illustrating a method of calculating a self discharge amount of a nickel metal hydride battery for an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

상기와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 발명은 전기 차량용 니켈 금속수소 전지의 자기 방전량 계산 방법에 있어서, 상기 전기 차량의 키-오프(Key Off)상태를 검출하는 단계와; 상기 전기 차량의 키-오프(Key Off)상태로 방치된 시간을 검출하는 단계와; 상기 검출된 방치 시간이 설정 시간을 초과하면 니켈 금속수소 전지 관리 시스템을 기동(BMS Wake-UP)하여 니켈 금속수소 전지 온도를 검출하는 단계와; 초기 니켈 금속수소 전지 충전량과 검출된 니켈 금속수소 전지 온도에 따른 자기 방전량을 계산하는 단계를 포함하여 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 한다.In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for calculating a self discharge amount of a nickel metal hydride battery for an electric vehicle, comprising: detecting a key off state of the electric vehicle; Detecting a time left in the key off state of the electric vehicle; Detecting the nickel metal hydride battery temperature by starting a nickel metal hydride battery management system (BMS Wake-UP) when the detected leaving time exceeds the set time; And calculating a self discharge amount according to the initial nickel metal hydride battery charge and the detected nickel metal hydride battery temperature.

이하 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예를 첨부한 도면을 참조하여 상세히 설명한다. 하기 설명 및 첨부 도면과 같은 많은 특정 상세들이 본 발명의 보다 전반적인 이해를 제공하기 위해 나타나 있으나, 이들 특정 상세들은 본 발명의 설명을 위해 예시한 것으로 본 발명이 그들에 한정됨을 의미하는 것은 아니다. 그리고 본 발명의 요지를 불필요하게 흐릴 수 있는 공지 기능 및 구성에 대한 상세한 설명은 생략한다.Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While many specific details, such as the following description and the annexed drawings, are shown to provide a more general understanding of the invention, these specific details are illustrated for the purpose of explanation of the invention and are not meant to limit the invention thereto. And a detailed description of known functions and configurations that may unnecessarily obscure the subject matter of the present invention will be omitted.

도 1 내지 도 3을 참조하여 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 전기 차량용 니켈 금속수소 전지의 자기 방전량 계산 방법을 설명한다.A method of calculating the self discharge amount of a nickel metal hydride battery for an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.

니켈 금속수소(Ni-MH ; Nickel Metal Hydride) 전지를 완전 충전한 후에 방치를 하면 자기방전으로 인하여 니켈 금속수소 전지의 니켈 금속수소 전지 충전량(SOC)은 시간에 따라 점점 감소한다.If the nickel metal hydride (Ni-MH) battery is left to be fully charged and then left, the nickel metal hydride battery charge (SOC) of the nickel metal hydride battery gradually decreases with time due to self discharge.

또한, 니켈 금속수소 전지 주변 온도가 높을수록 자기 방전율은 증가하므로 온도가 높은 구역에서는 니켈 금속수소 전지 충전량(SOC) 감소속도는 더욱 높다.In addition, as the ambient temperature of the nickel metal hydride battery increases, the self-discharge rate increases, and thus the rate of decrease of the charge amount of the nickel metal hydride battery (SOC) is higher in the high temperature region.

전기 차량을 방치시에 발생되는 자기 방전을 계산하는 하나의 방법은 키-오프(Key Off)후 다시 키-온(Key On)시에 방치된 시간을 측정하여 자기 방전을 계산한다.One method of calculating the self discharge generated when leaving an electric vehicle calculates the self discharge by measuring the time that is left at key on after key off.

그러나, 자기 방전을 계산할 때에는 니켈 금속수소 전지의 방치시 온도를 반영해야 한다.However, the calculation of the self discharge should reflect the temperature when the nickel metal hydride battery is left unattended.

따라서, 전기 차량의 키-오프(Key Off)상태 방치 시간이 길면, 방치 기간 중의 온도 측정이 필수적으로 요구된다.Therefore, when the key off state of the electric vehicle is left unattended, the temperature measurement during the unattended period is essential.

그러나, 방치 기간 중의 온도가 측정되더라도 도 1에 도시된 바와 같이 3차원 맵핑(Mapping)이 이루어져야 자기 방전으로 인한 현재의 니켈 금속수소 전지 충전량(SOC)이 측정된다.However, even if the temperature during the standing period is measured, as shown in Fig. 1, three-dimensional mapping must be performed to measure the current amount of nickel metal hydride battery charge (SOC) due to self discharge.

만약, 방치 기간 중의 온도가 높으면 자기 방전속도는 증가하므로, 온도 변수를 추가해야 한다.If the temperature is high during the stand-by period, the self-discharge rate increases, so a temperature variable must be added.

도 2는 전기 차량용 니켈 금속수소 전지의 시험을 통하여 초기 니켈 금속수소 전지 충전량(SOC)과 온도에 따른 1시간 자기 방전율의 관계를 도시한 도면이다.FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between an initial nickel metal hydride charge amount (SOC) and a 1 hour self discharge rate according to temperature through a test of a nickel metal hydride battery for an electric vehicle.

도 2에 도시된 바와 같이 니켈 금속수소 전지 시험을 통하여 초기 니켈 금속수소 전지 충전량(SOC)과 온도에 따른 1시간 자기 방전율을 측정한다.As shown in FIG. 2, an initial nickel metal hydride battery charge amount (SOC) and a 1 hour self discharge rate were measured through a nickel metal hydride battery test.

한편, 본 발명의 실시예는 도 3에 도시된 바와 같이 전기 차량의 키-오프 (Key Off)시에 전기 차량용 니켈 금속수소 전지 관리 시스템(BMS ; Battery Management System)이 1시간마다 니켈 금속수소 전지의 자기 방전을 계산한다.Meanwhile, as shown in FIG. 3, the nickel metal hydride battery management system (BMS) for an electric vehicle performs a nickel metal hydride battery every hour when the key is turned off. Calculate the self discharge.

예를 들어, 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 니켈 금속수소 전지 관리 시스템(BMS)의 동작을 전반적으로 제어하는 제어부는 도 3의 (S310)에서 키 스위치의 스위칭상태를 통해 전기 차량의 키-오프(Key Off)상태를 검출한다.For example, the control unit for controlling the overall operation of the nickel metal hydride battery management system (BMS) according to an embodiment of the present invention is the key-off of the electric vehicle through the switching state of the key switch (S310) of FIG. Key Off) state is detected.

여기서, 전기 차량의 키-오프(Key-Off)상태는 초기 니켈 금속수소 전지 충전량(SOC)을 보유한 상태를 가정한다.Here, the key-off state of the electric vehicle assumes a state in which an initial nickel metal hydride battery charge amount SOC is held.

이어서, 제어부는 (S312)에서 별도로 니켈 금속수소 전지 관리 시스템(BMS)에 내장되는 타이머(Timer)를 통해 전기 차량의 키-오프(Key Off)상태로 방치된 시간을 검출한다.Subsequently, the control unit detects the time left in the key off state of the electric vehicle through a timer Timer that is separately embedded in the nickel metal hydride battery management system BMS in S312.

그리고, 검출된 방치 시간이 설정 시간(1시간)을 초과하면 제어부는 (S314)으로 진행하여 니켈 금속수소 전지 관리 시스템(BMS)을 기동(BMS Wake-UP)하고, 배터리 온도 검출부를 통해 니켈 금속수소 전지의 현재 온도를 검출한다(S316).If the detected idle time exceeds the set time (1 hour), the control unit proceeds to S314 to start the nickel metal hydride battery management system BMS Wake-UP, and the nickel metal via the battery temperature detector. The current temperature of the hydrogen battery is detected (S316).

이어서, 제어부는 (S318)에서 초기 니켈 금속수소 전지 충전량(SOC)과 검출된 현재 온도로부터 1시간 자기 방전율을 도출한다.Subsequently, the controller derives the self-discharge rate for 1 hour from the initial nickel metal hydride battery charge amount SOC and the detected current temperature in S318.

그리고, (S320)에서 초기 니켈 금속수소 전지 충전량(SOC)과 검출된 니켈 금속수소 전지 온도에 따른 자기 방전량을 계산한다.In operation S320, the initial nickel metal hydride battery charge amount SOC and the amount of self discharge according to the detected nickel metal hydride battery temperature are calculated.

현재 니켈 금속수소 전지 충전량(SOC) = 초기 니켈 금속수소 전지 충전량(SOC) - 초기 니켈 금속수소 전지 충전량(SOC) X (1시간 자기 방전율)Current nickel metal hydride battery charge (SOC) = Initial nickel metal hydride battery charge (SOC)-Initial nickel metal hydride battery charge (SOC) X (1 hour self discharge rate)

이어서, 제어부는 (S322)으로 진행하여 니켈 금속수소 전지 관리 시스템 기동을 오프(BMS Wake-Off)한다.Subsequently, the control unit proceeds to S322 to turn off the nickel metal hydride battery management system startup (BMS Wake-Off).

상술한 바와 같이 본 발명에 따른 전기 차량용 니켈 금속수소 전지의 자기 방전량 계산 방법은 니켈 금속수소 전지의 수명 저하를 방지하여 전기 차량의 수명을 향상시킬 수 있다.As described above, the method for calculating the self discharge amount of the nickel metal hydride battery for an electric vehicle according to the present invention can prevent the deterioration of the life of the nickel metal hydride battery and improve the life of the electric vehicle.

또한, 전기 차량의 니켈 금속수소 전지 충전량 정확도를 향상하여 운전자에게 신뢰감을 줄 수 있으며, 자기 방전 계산을 위한 3차원 맵핑(Mapping)의 생략으로 니켈 금속수소 전지 시험 기간을 감소시킬 수 있는 효과가 있다.In addition, it is possible to give the driver confidence by improving the accuracy of the charge amount of the nickel metal hydride battery of the electric vehicle, and it is possible to reduce the nickel metal hydride battery test period by omitting three-dimensional mapping for self-discharge calculation. .

Claims (1)

전기 차량용 니켈 금속수소 전지의 자기 방전량 계산 방법에 있어서,In the method of calculating the self discharge amount of a nickel metal hydride battery for an electric vehicle, 상기 전기 차량의 키-오프(Key Off)상태를 검출하는 단계와;Detecting a key off state of the electric vehicle; 상기 전기 차량의 키-오프(Key Off)상태로 방치된 시간을 검출하는 단계와;Detecting a time left in the key off state of the electric vehicle; 상기 검출된 방치 시간이 설정 시간을 초과하면 니켈 금속수소 전지 관리 시스템을 기동(BMS Wake-UP)하여 니켈 금속수소 전지 온도를 검출하는 단계와;Detecting the nickel metal hydride battery temperature by starting a nickel metal hydride battery management system (BMS Wake-UP) when the detected leaving time exceeds the set time; 초기 니켈 금속수소 전지 충전량과 검출된 니켈 금속수소 전지 온도에 따른 자기 방전량을 계산하는 단계를 포함하여 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 전기 차량용 니켈 금속수소 전지의 자기 방전량 계산 방법.A method for calculating the self discharge amount of a nickel metal hydride battery for an electric vehicle, comprising calculating an initial nickel metal hydrogen battery charge amount and a self discharge amount according to the detected nickel metal hydrogen battery temperature.
KR1020020043299A 2002-07-23 2002-07-23 Nickel metal hydride self discharge calculating method of electric vehicle KR20040009372A (en)

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