KR20040003487A - Automated Monitoring System for Management of Slop - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A real-time unmanned monitoring system for managing an inclined plane is provided to automatically measure and monitor a danger inclined plane, and to previously give an alarm for the collapse of the inclined plane. CONSTITUTION: A CCD(Charge Coupled Device) camera(210) pictures a monitoring image for the inclined plane installing a mark. An extensometer, a temperature sensor(220), a rain gauge(230), a data logger system(240) collects and processes the measuring data such as an earth surface displacement and a rainfall of the inclined plane. A monitoring image and measuring data processor(260) receives and displays the inclined plane monitoring image data, judges the movement of the inclined plane by analyzing the inclined plane monitoring image data, and receives, analyzes, and displays the inclined plane measuring data. A central controlling part(270) previously gives the alarm for the collapse of the inclined plane by storing/managing/analyzing an inclined plane monitoring image and the inclined plane measuring data.

Description

Automated Monitoring System for Management of Slop

The present invention relates to a real-time unmanned surveillance system, and more particularly, to a real-time unmanned surveillance system that can automatically measure and monitor the risk slope in real time, and preliminary warning of slope collapse.

In Korea, due to the topographical characteristics of mountainous regions and the climate characteristic that 2/3 of annual average rainfall (1300 ~ 1500mm) is concentrated in summer, slopes frequently occur, which causes not only loss of life and property but also socioeconomic damage every year. have.

Therefore, as a countermeasure to prevent the collapse of slopes, a slope maintenance system is currently being developed at Korea National Institute of Construction Technology and Korea Highway Corporation. These slope maintenance systems are commonly developed based on the survey of the distribution of dangerous slopes, the conduct of slope surveys and stable analysis, the establishment of countermeasure methods, and the construction of databases for slope data.

However, it is necessary to go beyond the maintenance of slopes through slope investigation and database, and to measure the slope of risk slopes in the short and long term and establish countermeasures against slope instability.

In particular, by developing an automatic slope measurement system that can monitor slope behavior in real time even at a long distance, it can predict and predict the collapse of slopes in remote areas early, so that appropriate countermeasures can be established and the damage caused by slope collapse can be minimized. I need a solution.

In addition, the automatic measurement system accurately and efficiently accumulates long term data related to slope behavior, and analyzes the correlation between slope causing factors (rainfall, etc.) and slope collapse, and measures them for slope disaster prevention. Measures to minimize the damage caused by the collapse of slopes and to improve the accuracy of the forecasting point by operating the preliminary warning system, especially by establishing an automatic measurement system on slopes where there is a possibility of collapse or in case of a small collapse. This is required.

The present invention has been proposed to meet the above-mentioned demands, and an object thereof is to provide a real-time unmanned monitoring system for automatically measuring and monitoring a risk slope in real time.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a real-time unmanned monitoring system capable of automatically measuring and monitoring a dangerous slope in real time, and foretelling a slope collapse in advance.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a real-time unmanned monitoring system that automatically measures and monitors a risk slope in real time, predicts a slope collapse in advance, and provides information on the risk slope through an Internet service.

1 is a conceptual diagram of a real time unmanned surveillance system for slope management according to the present invention.

Figure 2 is a specific embodiment configuration for a real-time unmanned surveillance system for the slope management according to the present invention.

3 is a real photograph of a data logger system implemented in accordance with the present invention.

4 is a detailed circuit diagram of one embodiment of an interface circuit (floating current-voltage converter circuit) according to the present invention.

5 is a flowchart of an embodiment of an image processing algorithm according to the present invention;

6 is an explanatory diagram of a D / B and an Internet service method according to the present invention;

7 is an explanatory diagram for a preliminary alarm system according to the present invention.

* Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings

210: CCD camera 220: telescope and temperature sensor

230: rain gauge 240: data logger system

250: power supply unit 260: surveillance image and measurement data processing unit

270: central control unit

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a real-time unmanned surveillance system for slope management, comprising: slope monitoring image acquisition means for acquiring a surveillance image of a slope on which a mark is installed; Slope measurement data collection means for collecting and processing measurement data such as surface displacement and rainfall on a slope; Slope monitoring image processing means for determining whether or not the slope is moved by receiving and displaying slope monitoring image data acquired by the slope monitoring image obtaining means; Slope measurement data processing means for receiving, analyzing and displaying slope measurement data collected by the slope measurement data collecting means; And central control means for storing, managing, and analyzing the slope monitoring image and the slope measurement data received from the slope monitoring image and the slope measurement data processing means.

On the other hand, another apparatus according to the present invention, a real-time unattended monitoring system for slope management, comprising: a plurality of measuring means for measuring data such as surface displacement and rainfall for the slope; Current-voltage conversion means for converting slope measurement data in the form of current signals measured by the plurality of measurement means into slope measurement data in the form of voltage signals; Data logging means for converting, processing, and transmitting an analog form of slope measurement data converted into a voltage signal form by the current-voltage converting means into a digital form; Slope measurement data processing means for receiving, analyzing and displaying slope measurement data from the data logging means; And central control means for storing, managing, and analyzing the slope measurement data received from the slope measurement data processing means.

The apparatus further includes preliminary warning means for preliminary warning of the collapse of the slope in advance by comparing the slope measurement data with a management reference value based on the slope collapse characteristic.

The apparatus may further include internet service means for servicing data stored, managed and analyzed by the central control means via the Internet.

As such, the present invention unattendedly monitors the slope and collapses the risk slope in real time in order to minimize the loss of human and physical resources due to the slope collapse and to effectively use the collected measurement data for analyzing the cause of the slope collapse and establishing countermeasures. It is characterized in that the preliminary warning.

The present invention is a visual monitoring technology for implementing a data collection and processing device using a sensor and a data logger, and visually monitor the slope for the development of an economic monitoring system that can be applied to dangerous slopes scattered throughout the country. Apply an image processing algorithm. In addition, in order to enable real-time unattended monitoring, it is possible to simultaneously manage a large number of sites through short-range and long-distance data communication from a central control unit (central management office) at a remote location without the need for an administrator to reside in the site. In the embodiment, only one slope is monitored as an example for convenience of explanation and understanding. In addition, the present invention provides a database (D / B) and an Internet service so that administrators and information users can check, analyze, and utilize data collected and stored according to the present invention in real time anywhere in the country. In addition, the present invention further includes a preliminary warning system that can detect the collapse of the slope in advance to issue a preliminary warning.

The above objects, features and advantages will become more apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a conceptual diagram of a real time unmanned surveillance system for slope management according to the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, the real-time unmanned surveillance system for slope management according to the present invention collects and processes data on a slope using sensors and data loggers such as a surface displacement gauge and a rain gauge, and uses a CCD camera. The data collection unit 101 for acquiring an image of a slope and transmitting the surveillance-related surveillance image and measurement data collected by the data collection unit 101 to a neighbor management system 103 through a short-range wired / wireless communication network. The near field communication unit 102 and the slope monitoring image data transmitted through the near field communication unit 102 are displayed and the displacement is measured by analyzing the corresponding data, and the slope measurement data transmitted through the near field communication unit 102 is measured. Adjacent management system 103 for analysis and display, and real-time unmanned monitoring without the need for an administrator to reside in the field In order to be possible, the remote communication unit 104 and the remote communication unit for transmitting the monitoring image and the measurement data processed by the adjacent management system 103 to the central management system 105 via a remote wired / wireless communication network, 104, the central management system 105 for storing, managing and analyzing the surveillance images and measurement data transmitted through the preliminary warning of the collapse of the slope, and the information users collected and stored as described above. Internet service system 106 for providing via the Internet so that it can be identified, analyzed and utilized in real time. Here, the pre-alarm function and the Internet service are not essential components of the present invention but additional components for maximizing the utilization of the present invention. In addition, although a method of using both the surveillance image and the measurement data on the slope is described as an example, the object of the present invention can be achieved using only one of the data.

2 is a detailed configuration diagram of a real-time unmanned surveillance system for slope management according to the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 2, the real-time unmanned surveillance system for slope management according to the present invention includes a CCD camera 210 for acquiring a surveillance image of a slope on which a mark is installed, measurement such as surface displacement and rainfall on a slope, and the like. Telescopic and temperature sensors for collecting and processing data 220, rain gauge 230, and data logger system 240, the slope monitoring image data obtained from the CCD camera 210 is received through the local wired communication network display The slope monitoring image data is analyzed to determine whether the slope moves, and the slope measurement data collected by the telemeter and the temperature sensor 220, the rain gauge 230, and the data logger system 240 are determined through a short range wireless communication network. Surveillance image and measurement data processing unit 260 for receiving and analyzing and displaying, and the surveillance image and measurement data processing unit 260 And a central control unit 270 for storing, managing, and analyzing the surveillance video and measurement data transmitted through the long-distance wired / wireless communication network to provide a warning of the collapse of the slope in advance.

Next, a detailed embodiment of a real time unmanned surveillance system for slope management according to the present invention will be described in detail. First, the data collection process is as follows.

The data collection process is a process of managing the generation of slope measurement data to the process of transferring the short-range data, and obtaining the physical environment information of the slope, processing the obtained information, and transmitting the information and performing the same Which includes supplying power to all devices.

In this case, as a measurement sensor for monitoring the behavior of the slope, the surface telescopic sensor 220 and the automatic rain gauge 230 are adopted as basic items in consideration of domestic slope characteristics, economic feasibility, and an overseas slope unmanned monitoring system. Other sensors such as temperature sensors, underground inclinometers, underground water gauges, and pore pressure gauges may be used.

In addition, the data logger system 240 is implemented as the real picture shown in FIG. 3 to suit the purpose of the unmanned surveillance system. The data logger system 240 includes a main board based on an Intel 16-bit microprocessor 80C196KC 242, and an interface circuit 242 for interfacing the main board and the sensors. In general, the output signal of the sensor used in the construction site mainly uses a current signal that is stronger in noise than a voltage signal that is weak in noise. Since the microprocessor 242 cannot recognize the current signal, it can convert the current signal into a voltage signal. Since a circuit is required, an interface circuit 241 is provided between the main board and the sensor.

In addition, a transmission RF module 243 for transmitting the acquired slope measurement data to the surveillance video and measurement data processing unit 260 is included. The transmission RF module 243 adopts a type having a buffer built therein for smooth wireless transmission, and is sequentially transmitted when data input is delayed by 25 ms or more.

Meanwhile, the power supply unit 250 charges the rechargeable battery 252 using the solar panel 251 as in a general known manner, and supplies the necessary power to the sensors and the data logger system 240 through the regulator 253. do. In this case, when the power is sufficient, the CCD camera 210 may be supplied with power. On the other hand, if there is a power source in the short distance or if the method of supplying power locally as described above may be to supply power from the power source or remote.

Next, the interface circuit (I-V conversion circuit) 241 will be described with reference to FIG. 4.

In general, the characteristics of the analog circuit is likely to change the characteristics of the circuit over time. If the characteristics of the circuit change while the system is in use, serious data errors will occur. In this case, the device itself must be replaced or the communication software must be changed. However, the present invention solves this problem by adding a variable resistor to the interface circuit (current / voltage conversion circuit) as shown in FIG.

As a design method of the current-voltage conversion circuit, two cases, a ground load current-voltage conversion method and a floating load current-voltage conversion method, may be considered.

The ground load current-voltage conversion method converts an input current into a voltage by a load resistor RL. This conversion method requires a current loop common line between the transceiver and the common line, which causes a voltage drop. Therefore, in the present invention, the above problem is solved by using a floating load current-voltage conversion method. That is, in the present invention, a floating current-voltage conversion circuit capable of converting a 20 mA current signal from 4 mA to a voltage signal of 0 V to 5 V is designed as shown in FIG. 4.

In the floating load current-voltage conversion scheme, current is sent to the load through the input wires and also forms a loop as shown in FIG. Thus, in-phase noise between these wires is simultaneously removed at the load end.

The operating principle of the voltage / current conversion circuit according to the present invention is as follows. The current received from the sensors is converted into a potential difference across the resistor R _span . The op amp U1 and resistors R _i and R _f act as differential amplifiers. At this time, the following load error relation should be satisfied.

R _i >> R _span

In addition, the output voltage V _out is as follows.

Therefore, the output voltage of the differential amplifier is determined by the current I, the zero offset voltage V _z , the gain R _i / R _f and the floating resistor R _span . That is, the output voltage of the differential amplifier is set to the input voltage range (0V to 5V) of the analog / digital converter of the microprocessor 242 and then transmitted to the analog / digital (A / D) converter of the microprocessor 242.

In the current-voltage relationship,

I (a) = 4 mA, V (a) = 0 V

I (b) = 20 mA, V (b) = 5 V

If R _f / R _i = 10,

Therefore, a 33Ω multi-turn potentiometer having a 15Ω fixed resistance is selected.

On the other hand, R _i >> R _span, so R _i = 2.2㏀. Based on this, calculating R _f , V _z gives the following result.

Next, the microprocessor 242 will be described in more detail as follows.

The one-chip microprocessor 80C196KC 242 used in the data logger system 240 of the present invention is one of the 8096 series of 16-bit microprocessors of Intel Corporation, and is designed for multi-purpose use and has a wide range of applications. In addition, since the microprocessor 80C196KC 242 has an 8-channel analog-to-digital converter in the chip, analog-to-digital conversion is possible without the need for a separate analog-to-digital conversion module. Since the microprocessor 242 does not recognize the analog signal, the microprocessor 242 converts the analog voltage signal output from the interface circuit 241 into a digital signal using an analog / digital conversion function. After converting the analog / digital converted signal into a desired data type for wireless transmission using software in the microprocessor, the data is converted back into ASCII code and then the data logger system 240 It transmits through a part of the wireless module 243 for transmission and reception.

The one-chip microprocessor 80C196KC 242 and peripheral devices used in the present invention have the following functions.

Output of PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) Waveform

-Timer by internal and external clock

High Speed Input (HSI) to accept high speed input

-High Speed Output (HSO) for high speed output

Extended serial input / output port for sending and receiving data with other devices

10-bit resolution A / D converter that converts analog signals into digital signals

-I / O port for basic I / O

-Various special function modes other than normal mode for special purpose

In the present invention, the A / D converter is used to process the signals of the telescopic sensor and the temperature sensor, and the HSI function and the timer function are used to process the signals of the rain gauge sensor. Used for driving.

Next, the process of acquiring and processing the surveillance image will be described in more detail.

The present invention includes an image surveillance function to directly observe the slope deformation such as the occurrence of rockfall. In this process, not only the real-time image data of the slope is obtained, but also the displacement amount of the surface can be calculated automatically through a series of image processing on the acquired analog image signal. This process includes a CCD camera 210 for acquiring image information and a mark (surface displacement measurement target point) installed at the site of the monitoring target slope, a surveillance image processor 260 for performing the image processing algorithm of FIG. It is also implemented as an uninterruptible power supply for temporary power outages.

The surveillance image processing unit 260 receives an analog image signal obtained from the CCD camera 210 through a wired cable and converts the image grabber card and image processing data into a signal that can be recognized by a computer. A dedicated line interface card or the like for transmitting to the control unit 270 is mounted.

In addition, this process is not affected by the ambient temperature by adopting an image processing technology using the CCD camera 210, and also by adjusting the performance, the number, and the installation position of the CCD camera 210, It has the advantage of adjusting the precision.

An example of the image processing algorithm will be described below with reference to FIG. 5. Since this image processing algorithm uses well-known techniques, only the processing sequence will be outlined.

First, the analog image obtained by the CCD camera is digitized by the image processing board (501). The video data at this time is video data in color form. Thereafter, a background and a mark are separated from the image data (502). At this time, a known Otsu's method or the like is used. Subsequently, filtering is performed using a known Gaussian Laplace transform or the like (503), and a straightening process is performed using least square estimation or the like (504). Then, the displacement amount is measured using a matching algorithm (505) to finally determine whether the slope movement (506).

Next, the process of processing the measurement data in more detail as follows.

The measurement data processing unit 260 located in the adjacent place receives slope measurement data from the microprocessor 242 of the data logger system 240 through the transmission RF module 243 and the reception RF module 280 and analyzes the data. Display in text and graph form for real-time monitoring. Then, the transmitted slope measurement data is transmitted to the central control unit 270 located at a far distance using a commercial network communication network, so that the central control unit 270 can maintain and manage the data.

Next, the data transmission process will be described in more detail as follows.

The data transmission process provides short-range communication, long-distance communication, and bi-directional communication function for controlling slope field system at a remote location to transmit slope measurement data in real time economically and stably to the measurement data processing unit 260 and the central control unit 270. It is included.

The short-range communication for transmitting the measurement data to the measurement data processing unit 260 uses a wireless communication method using RF modules 243 and 280. The RF modules 243 and 280 interface with the microprocessor 242 and the measurement data processing unit 260 using RS232C serial communication, respectively, and eliminate errors caused by data loss during communication between the transmitting and receiving RF modules. In order to improve the reliability and stability of the communication data, the ring buffer algorithm is used. Since the slope surveillance image data includes image data, the data volume is enormous, so a short-range wired communication method using a cable is used to stably transfer the data from the CCD camera 210 to the surveillance image processor 260. .

On the other hand, in the case of telecommunications, there are many problems in terms of stability and economics of data transmission at the current wireless data communication technology level. A method of transmitting the surveillance image and the measurement data to the central control unit 270 is used. In addition, the administrator of the central control unit 270 located at a remote site can adjust the data transmission time interval according to the site situation of the slope, and in order to examine whether the system malfunctions, the ODBC driver and the Oracle server database are used in both directions. Implement communication functions.

On the other hand, in order to build a wireless data communication system that can transmit data in one communication method regardless of near and far distance, IMT is more stable and economical in accordance with the rapidly developing wireless data communication technology. Wireless data communication such as -2000 can be used.

Next, the database (D / B) and the Internet service will be described in more detail as follows.

In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 6, in order to systematically store and manage measurement (or monitoring) data on dangerous slopes, it is possible to utilize them in the study of behavior characteristics and collapse mechanism of domestic slopes. It stores and manages the measured data in the database (D / B) systematically and provides the stored data through the internet service so that the administrator and user can analyze and utilize it conveniently.

In the present invention, in order to be able to systematically store a large amount of data continuously transmitted by classification to build a database (D / B) in a table structure using a relational database management system (DBMS) of Oracle Corporation. The data stored in the database (D / B) is largely divided into general slope-related data and monitoring and measurement-related data. Slope-related data are general preliminary survey data on slopes, and surveillance and measurement-related data have been collected and transmitted from data collection and video surveillance devices.

Looking at the characteristics of the database (D / B) and Internet services used in the present invention.

1) It is easy to secure and manage the system because the database management program for system administrators is built separately.

2) Since the object-oriented language Java is used to implement the Internet service, the service can be easily extended and upgraded, and any platform that has a Java Virtual Machine installed can be executed regardless of the operating system.

3) Since the Internet user interface (UI) uses Java's Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT), information users can use the information built in the database (D / B) easily and conveniently through the web.

4) The user can easily search by using both map search and keyword search using on-site address or feature of slope.

5) Graph the measurement data on the web in real time using the graphic function of the Java language.

6) By interfacing the process implemented in the Java language with the Excel program, which is a general statistical program, it facilitates the analysis and utilization of existing stored data and real-time measurement data.

Next, look at in more detail about the preliminary warning process as follows.

In the present invention, the behavior of the risk slope is measured in real time, and when the measured value exceeds a predetermined slope management threshold value to be notified to the administrator immediately, a preliminary warning function that can be prepared in advance for the slope collapse shown in Figure 7 Do as follows. At this time, the slope management criteria items for forecasting the collapse may be used such as rainfall intensity, daily rainfall amount, displacement speed.

In the present invention, the prediction of the slope collapse risk can be divided into two classes (advisory and alarm) to set and enter the management standard values for each, and the administrator of the slope and the warning of the slope collapse is issued to the computer. Using the screen and sound of the notification at the same time to send a text message to the administrator's mobile phone to ensure that the risk forecast delivery. In addition, the pre-alarm process program utilizes the Java and JDBC technology used in the Internet service for effective management.

Next, the slope unmanned surveillance system in more detail as follows.

In order to apply the slope unmanned surveillance system macroscopically to many slopes distributed across the country, slopes that require slope monitoring preferentially among slopes distributed throughout the country, that is, slopes with high risk of collapse and high expected damage when collapse occurs. It needs to be selected, prioritized and applied.

In addition, one of the important reasons for installing a slope unmanned surveillance system to perform real-time measurement is to detect signs of slope collapse in advance and predict the risk of collapse in advance, so that appropriate measures for preventing the collapse are made in advance. This is to minimize the damage caused by collapse in inevitable cases. To this end, the management standard value for the slope collapse forecast should be set for each measurement item of the slope unmanned surveillance system, and when the measured value exceeds the management standard value, an advisory or alarm is automatically issued so that appropriate measures can be established. .

The present invention described above is not limited to the above-described embodiments and the accompanying drawings, and various substitutions, modifications, and changes are possible in the art without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention. It will be clear to those of ordinary knowledge.

The present invention as described above, the automatic measurement and monitoring of dangerous slopes in real time, the preliminary warning of slope collapse, and providing information on the risk slope through the Internet service, loss of human and physical resources due to slope collapse The minimum amount of data and the collected measurement data can be effectively used for the cause analysis and countermeasures of the collapse.

Claims (5)

In the real-time unmanned surveillance system for slope management, Slope monitoring image acquisition means for acquiring a surveillance image of a slope on which a mark is installed; Slope measurement data collection means for collecting and processing measurement data such as surface displacement and rainfall on a slope; Slope monitoring image processing means for determining whether or not the slope is moved by receiving and displaying slope monitoring image data acquired by the slope monitoring image obtaining means; Slope measurement data processing means for receiving, analyzing and displaying slope measurement data collected by the slope measurement data collecting means; And Central control means for storing, managing and analyzing the slope monitoring image and the slope measurement data received from the slope monitoring image and the slope measurement data processing means. Real time unattended surveillance system for slope management, including. The method of claim 1, The measurement data collection means, A plurality of sensors for measuring data such as surface displacement and rainfall on a slope; A current-voltage conversion circuit for converting slope measurement data in the form of current signals measured by the plurality of sensors into slope measurement data in the form of voltage signals; A microprocessor for converting analog-type slope measurement data converted into a voltage signal form in the current-voltage conversion circuit into a digital form for processing; And Transmission module for transmitting slope measurement data received from the microprocessor using a ring buffer algorithm Real time unattended surveillance system for slope management, including. In the real-time unmanned surveillance system for slope management, A plurality of measuring means for measuring data such as surface displacement and rainfall on a slope; Current-voltage conversion means for converting slope measurement data in the form of current signals measured by the plurality of measurement means into slope measurement data in the form of voltage signals; Data logging means for converting, processing, and transmitting an analog form of slope measurement data converted into a voltage signal form by the current-voltage converting means into a digital form; Slope measurement data processing means for receiving, analyzing and displaying slope measurement data from the data logging means; And Central control means for storing, managing and analyzing slope measurement data received from the slope measurement data processing means. Real time unattended surveillance system for slope management, including. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Preliminary warning means for preliminary warning of the collapse of the slope in advance by comparing the slope measurement data with a management reference value based on the slope collapse characteristic. Real time unattended surveillance system for slope management further comprising. The method of claim 4, wherein Internet service means for servicing data stored, managed and analyzed by the central control means via the Internet Real time unattended surveillance system for slope management further comprising.