KR200372490Y1 - A preventive apparatus against a stroke of lighting and surge - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus for preventing lightning and surge, and in particular, a limit unit configured to pass a predetermined voltage when surge energy flowing through a power supply or a communication line exceeds a predetermined voltage; A power storage unit for charging a voltage output through the limit unit in a short time; The discharge unit is configured to discharge the voltage charged in the power storage unit for a long time to dissipate, wherein the discharge unit comprises any one of a resistor, a light emitting diode, a buzzer, a wireless transmitter, a wired interface such as RS485 and an optical coupler, A surge energy rectifying unit for rectifying surge energy flowing through a power supply or a communication line is selectively added to the front end of the limit unit, and a constant voltage circuit unit is selectively installed between the power storage unit and the discharge unit.

Therefore, it is possible to charge the transient energy instantaneously introduced through the power or communication line within a short time and discharge and extinguish it for a long time, thereby preventing damage to the device and the lightning / surge protection device itself due to the excessive energy. In addition, the charged energy may be used as a power source to inform the lightning and surge inflow display device of driving time or sound, as well as to transmit a wired / wireless repeater to a remote site.

Description

A preventive apparatus against a stroke of lighting and surge}

The present invention relates to a lightning and surge protection device, and more particularly, to charge a large amount of energy such as a lightning strike or surge that flows with instantaneous energy from a power supply or a communication line in a short time, and then a small current for a relatively long time. Discharge and extinguish the furnace, but if necessary, use the energy charged above as a power source to display the lightning and surge inflow status visually or acoustically, or to transmit to a remote location through the operation of a wired / wireless communication repeater. It is about the transient energy control and utilization technology devised.

In a signal transmission or energy transmission line through a copper line, such as a communication line or an electric supply line, the inflow of lightning or surge is a natural disaster or a transient phenomenon caused by the use of electricity, which causes damage or error to equipment connected to the lines. It is one cause of occurrence.

In other words, the surge component induced in the power supply or communication line is a kind of transient phenomenon, but it is approached from the point of view of 'momentary large energy', and the surge voltage specified in IEE62.41 can be reduced in a short time corresponding to 1.25 ~ 50uS. 100 to thousands of volts to IEE62.41 refers to the surge current, ie, hundreds to thousands of amperes, sometimes tens of thousands of amperes, for 8 to 20 uS.

This large energy not only causes direct damage to electricity and telecommunications lines, but also acts as a major cause of damage to the equipment connected to the line. In any case, if lightning or surge is a transient that enters the line, The amount of energy is enormous energy, ranging from tens of kilowatts to hundreds of MW / us over several us, damaging equipment connected to the track and threatening human safety.

However, most of the conventional lightning protection circuits use gas discharge tubes G11 or two zener diodes ZD11 and ZD12 or TVS as shown in FIGS. 1A to 1C, or current limiting elements Z13. ), A passive element such as MOVs is used to convert the surge energy directly to heat through the interpolar discharge or the absorbed discharge in the device to dissipate it.

However, the lightning protection circuit using the passive element damages the gap of the gas discharge tube or damages the characteristics of the MOV type due to the burden of absorbing instantaneous large energy in the element itself. There is a problem that leads to thermal damage or mechanical damage.

Accordingly, as shown in FIGS. 2A to 2E, resistors connected in parallel to the gas discharge tube GDT, the triac T1, the MOV Z1, and the silicon controlled rectifier SCR S1 and S2 are connected to each other. By connecting R1, R2) and condensers (C1 and C2), measures can be taken to prevent damage to equipment due to lightning or surges.

On the other hand, since the polarity of the surge current can not be distinguished, in the case of (a)-(c) of FIG. 2, a high withstand voltage nonpolar capacitor should be used, whereas in the case of (d) (e) of FIG. The control rectifier is equipped to use as a power source rather than consumption through resistance in the use of polar capacitors and discharge parts.

2A illustrates an example in which a gas discharge tube GDT is used as a limit element. In this case, the capacitor C1, which is a capacitor, must be nonpolar, and a bidirectional element is used in a power supply line. When using the configuration as shown in (b) of FIG. 2 and the SCR, which is a unidirectional device, two modules having a limit unit and a charge / discharge unit in reverse parallel are implemented in reverse parallel as shown in FIG. Since it is possible, it can be provided as needed.

Here, the rectifier is required or provided with the limit and the charge and discharge unit in parallel in parallel as shown in (e) of FIG. 2, the surge component flowing into the line may be a transient potential having a potential of + but a potential of having a potential of- In many cases, according to the 1996 and 1997 Meteorological Administration statistics, 82.2% were negative lightning strikes.

In the case of (a)-(c) of FIG. 2, when a non-polar capacitor (that is, a capacitor) is charged or used in a line with a power supply, there is a possibility that the power supply may be shorted due to the discharge and conduction of the device. In this case, if the power of the power line is a direct current, the natural discharge will stop as the capacitor is charged. If the AC power is shown in FIG. 2 (d) (e) has a characteristic that the conduction is stopped when the polarity is reversed.

In this way, if the gas discharge tube is used on the line loaded with power, a rapid current phenomenon that leads to the state of arc discharge occurs when discharging the transient potential such as lightning and surge, and when using the SCR, short circuit the line during the discharge of the transient potential. There is a problem that causes the electric shock.

In addition, if you want to install a surge counter or surge alarm to inform the lightning protection circuit as described above, if a surge occurs while operating by supplying a separate power supply to the surge counter or surge alarm, the level that detects this to trigger the device Only, there is a problem that can not utilize the surge energy directly as a power source.

The present invention was devised to solve such a conventional problem, and charges a large amount of energy such as lightning or surge energy instantaneously introduced through a power supply or a communication line in a short time and then generates a small current for a relatively long time. By discharging and dissipating, damage to the device and lightning / surge protection device itself due to excessive energy can be prevented.If necessary, the charged energy can be used as a power source to visually or acoustically In addition to driving a display device that can be seen, the surge can be easily recognized by the operator of the system by using a surge energy and transmitting it to a remote location by using a wired / wireless communication repeater without supplying external power. And an anti-surge device.

An aspect of the present invention for achieving the above object is a limit unit for passing through when the surge energy flowing through the power supply or communication line exceeds a certain voltage; A power storage unit for charging a voltage output through the limit unit in a short time; It is characterized by consisting of a discharge unit for discharging and dissipating the voltage charged in the power storage unit for a long time.

In this case, at least two limit units installed at the input end of the power storage unit may be installed in parallel to correspond to the number of lines to be connected, and polarity of surge energy flowing through a power supply or a communication line may be provided at the input end of the limit unit. Irrespective of the fact, the surge energy rectifying unit for rectifying is provided as necessary.

In addition, the discharge unit is configured only by a resistor that converts the voltage of the power storage unit into heat and extinguishes, or by installing a light emitting diode or a buzzer with a protection resistor configured to notify the surge inflow state through visual or audio.

In addition, the discharge unit may be configured by a wireless transmitter capable of transmitting a surge inflow state to a remote place, an interface such as RS485 that can be transmitted via wire, or an optical coupler that can transmit light. It features.

When the discharge unit is configured as a wireless transmitter, a wired interface such as RS485, or an optical coupler as described above, in order to use the output voltage of the power storage unit as a power source, a constant voltage circuit unit may be additionally installed between the power storage unit and the discharge unit.

Figure 1 (a)-(c) is a circuit diagram of a lightning protection using a single passive element such as a conventional gas discharge tube, zener diode and voltage limiting element.

2 (a) to 2 (e) are basic lightning protection circuit diagrams for explaining the principle of lightning protection.

Figure 3 is a block diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention device.

Figure 4 is a block diagram according to another embodiment of the present invention device.

Figure 5 is a block diagram according to another embodiment of the present invention device.

6 is a detailed circuit diagram of an embodiment of the present invention device.

Figure 7 is a circuit diagram of an embodiment showing a state of use of the device of the present invention.

Figure 8 is a circuit diagram of another embodiment showing a state of use of the device of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawings

1: surge energy rectifying unit 2: limiting unit

3: power storage unit 4: discharge unit

5: constant voltage circuit

Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

Figure 3 shows a block diagram according to an embodiment of the device of the present invention, Figure 4 shows a block diagram according to another embodiment of the device of the present invention, Figure 5 is another embodiment of the device of the present invention 6 shows a detailed circuit diagram of an embodiment of the device of the present invention, and FIG. 7 shows a circuit diagram of an embodiment of the device of the present invention.

According to the present invention, the present invention includes a limit unit (2) for passing through the excessive surge energy flowing in a short time through a power supply or a communication line exceeds a certain voltage;

A power storage unit (3) which charges the voltage output through the limit unit (2) in a short time;

It is characterized in that it comprises a discharge section 4 for discharging and dissipating the voltage charged in the power storage section 3 for a long time.

At this time, the limit unit 2 is a number corresponding to the number of the power supply or communication line to be installed the device of the present invention is characterized in that it is installed in parallel to the input terminal of the power storage unit 3 as shown in FIG.

In addition, the input terminal of the limit unit 1 is provided with a surge energy rectifying unit (1) for rectifying excessive surge energy flowing in a short time through a power supply or a communication line as shown in Figs. The surge energy rectifying unit 1 is composed of a bridge rectifying diode having a rectifying diode including an input terminal corresponding to the number of power or communication lines, and the limit unit 2 is an SCR or a triac. , GTO, SSS, and the like, and the power storage unit 3 is configured as a capacitor (C).

In addition, the discharge unit 4 is characterized in that the resistor (R), a light emitting diode (LED), a buzzer, a wireless transmitter (Tx), a wired interface such as RS485, any one device or device of the optical coupler, characterized in that the In the case where the discharge unit 4 is composed of a light emitting diode (LED) or a buzzer, it is preferable to provide a protection resistor (R) in these.

Further, between the power storage unit 3 and the discharge unit 4, a constant voltage circuit unit 5 for selectively converting the output voltage of the power storage unit 3 charged with a surge voltage into a constant voltage is selectively installed to provide the discharge unit ( When 4) is configured as a wired interface such as a radio transmitter (Tx) or RS485 or an optical coupler, the driving voltage thereof may be supplied by the constant voltage circuit unit 5.

Referring to the effect of the device of the present invention configured as described above are as follows.

First, the limit unit 2 which passes the limit when excessive lightning and surge energy flowing through the input terminal exceeds a predetermined voltage is composed of a trigger element such as an SCR or a triac.

At this time, the limit unit 2 may be provided with one as shown in Figure 3 corresponding to the number of power or communication lines to be connected to its input terminal, two or more can be installed as shown in FIG. have.

In this way, the power supply or communication line is directly connected to the input terminal of the limit unit 2, and when excessive surge or lightning energy exceeds a certain voltage within a short time through the power supply or communication line, it is limited to a predetermined voltage In one embodiment, the unit 3 can be charged.

However, unlike the above, as shown in FIG. 5, a surge energy rectifying unit 1 is additionally installed at an input terminal of one limit unit 2, so that excessive surge and lightning energy (hereinafter, referred to as surge energy) in a short time through a power supply or a communication line. Input) can be rectified and supplied to the limit unit (2).

At this time, the surge energy rectifying unit 1 is composed of a bridge rectifying diode having a number of input terminals and rectifying diodes corresponding to the number of power sources or communication lines. It rectifies various AC voltage components including excessive surge energy instantaneously flowing through the communication line and outputs them to the limit unit 2.

Accordingly, the limit unit 2 receives a voltage directly flowing through a power supply or a communication line or a voltage output after rectifying through the surge energy rectifying unit 1 and outputs a constant voltage which is its trigger voltage. If the voltage exceeding the trigger voltage of the trigger element is detected directly or is output through the power supply or communication line or output from the surge energy rectifying unit 1, it is not a transient potential.

However, if the potential of the voltage directly flowing through the power supply or communication line or the voltage flowing through the power supply or communication line and rectified by the surge energy rectifying unit 1 as described above exceeds the trigger voltage (that is, When excessive surge and lightning energy flows through the power supply or communication line, the trigger element in the limit unit 2 is triggered and "turned on" so that the current I1 in a short time to the power storage unit 3 composed of the capacitor C ) Is charged quickly.

In this way, the energy charged in the power storage unit 3 is discharged slowly to the discharge unit 4 side immediately through the same path as I2. In the present design, the speed difference during charging and the speed during discharge are designed to be large. It became.

For example, when the limit unit (2) was configured and tested using SCR, the heat generation phenomenon was insignificant even after impacting 500 times at a current of 200A for 20 seconds without a heat sink.

This proves that most of the surge energy is not consumed in the limit unit 2 but is slowly consumed by the resistor constituting the discharge unit 4 after being charged in the power storage unit 3.

That is, when the surge is charged with energy in the power storage unit 3 and then extinguished and the surge energy is charged in the power storage unit 3, the charged surge energy is slowly discharged from the discharge unit 4 through the same path as I2. It has a path that is destroyed.

In this case, the discharge unit 4 may employ a method of dissipating the charged energy by simply dissipating the charged energy as heat. The energy of the power storage unit 3 charged with the excessive energy may be supplied without additional power supply. It can also be adopted as a way to drive and destroy the inflow status indicator.

In the latter case, the discharge unit 4 is configured by connecting the protection resistor R and the light emitting diode (LED) or the buzzer (BZ), or by connecting an indicator or a surge inflow alarm with other display members. If it is possible to drive them for a very long time compared to the charging time by using the energy of the power storage unit (3) charged within a short time when the excessive energy inflow without additional power supply.

Therefore, it is possible to more efficiently utilize the transient energy that normally only damages the operation of the system, and the operator of the system can accurately recognize the information on the surge inflow through visual and audio.

Meanwhile, as another method of utilizing the surge energy, the discharge unit 4 may be configured as a wireless transmitter, a wired interface such as RS485, or an optical coupler, and may have a resistance between the power storage unit 3 and the discharge unit 4. (R) and Zener diode (ZD) is provided with a constant voltage circuit section (5) for converting the output voltage of the power storage unit to a constant voltage to install the additional charge of the power storage unit (3) in a short time when the excess energy flows without additional power supply The energy may be used as a driving voltage of the radio transmitter, the wired interface such as RS485, or the optical coupler.

As such, when the energy of the electrical storage unit 3 charged when excessive energy is introduced into the discharge unit 4 is used as a driving power source such as a wireless transmitter or a wired interface such as RS485 or an optical coupler, excessive energy inflow to a remote site is achieved. Can be automatically transmitted, allowing the system operator to recognize the transient energy flow into the device at a remote location and then take the necessary action.

In this case, the constant voltage circuit unit 5 may adopt various conversion methods in the form of a desired power supply such as DC-DC or DC-AC conversion.

Here, the capacitor of the electrical storage unit 3 is assumed to be a component having a peak voltage of 6000 V generated and dissipated between 1.25us and 50us specified in IEE62.41 and tested. The discharge time was set to be about 16 seconds when the voltage charged in was discharged to the discharge unit 4 composed of a resistor.

At this time, the applied power of the surge can be roughly converted into the following equation.

ㅇ The discharge power P1 discharged for about 16 seconds was about 200W / 16S.

ㅇ The converted power P1 based on 1uS: P2

P2 (W / 1us) = 200 * 1,000,000 = 200,000,000W / us

ㅇ Converted power P based on 12uS: P3

P3 (W / 12us) = P2 / 12 = 200,000,000 / 12 = 16,666,667 W / 12us

In other words, if the power is 16.667 MW between 8 and 20us (12uS), it is charged and discharged to about 200W / 16S.

On the other hand, the device of the present invention is a communication line having a basic configuration of L1-L2 or L1-L2-G mode, a single-phase power supply having a basic configuration of PN, PNG, three-phase power supply based on P1-P2-P3-G It can be applied to the surge energy rectifying unit 1 also consists of four rectifying diodes (D1 ~ D4) in the case of two lines in response to the number of lines, if there are more lines of rectification diode ( Dm and Dn) may be further added, and any terminal may have a line as an input and may have a ground terminal.

That is, when connected between power supply or communication line L1-L2, it can respond to a lateral current, and when connected between L1-G, it can respond to a longitudinal current.

Of course, when the line is composed of L1, L2, G, the surge energy rectifying unit 1 is composed of six rectifier diodes (D1-D6), the lateral current and longitudinal corresponding to the lines L1-L2, L1-G, L2-G It has a feature that can be utilized to prevent damage from current.

In addition, if the surge energy rectifying unit 1 is composed of eight rectifying diodes D1-D8, the surge energy rectifying unit 1 may correspond to R, S, T, and G of a three-phase three-wire power supply, and is composed of ten rectifying diodes D1-D10. In the case of three-phase four-wire type has a feature.

In addition, the device of the present invention is characterized in that the overall protection level can be changed according to the limit voltage of the element utilized in the limit unit 2.

In addition, when the SCR is applied to the limiting part 2, the energy of the power line is shorted together with the trigger of the SCR based on the transient voltage. Restrictions can be applied to prevent lightning phenomena.

As described above, the element applied to the limit unit 2, i.e., a gas discharge tube, an SCR or the like, is charged on the basis of the principle of charging the transient energy into the power storage unit 3 and slowly discharging it to the discharge unit 4 composed of a resistor or the like. Low thermal consumption of, has a remarkable improvement in life extension.

However, in case of using MOV type, the surge voltage equal to the rated voltage * surge current is absorbed from the device and the energy exceeding that is charged in the power storage unit, and the power energy is distributed in the state divided by the magnetic voltage characteristic of MOV type. Therefore, it has the characteristic of extending the life.

The above-described embodiment is described with respect to the most preferred example of the present invention, but is not limited to the above embodiment, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications are possible without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention.

As described in detail above, according to the present invention, transient energy such as lightning or surge energy flowing in through a power supply or a communication line is rectified and charged in a short time, and then discharged and dissipated with a small current for a relatively long time. As well as protecting the device from excessive energy and preventing damage to the lightning / surge protection device itself, it is possible to extend the life of the device to be applied drastically. It can drive the display device which can visually or acoustically recognize the lightning and surge inflow status, and it can be transmitted to the remote place through the operation of wired / wireless communication repeater so that the operator of the system can easily recognize the inflow state of excessive energy. It is a very useful design, and you can take the necessary action.

Claims (11)

A limit unit configured to limit the excessive surge energy flowing through the power supply or the communication line to the power storage unit when a certain voltage exceeds a predetermined voltage; A power storage unit for charging a voltage output through the limit unit in a short time; Lightning and surge protection device comprising a discharge unit for discharging the voltage charged in the power storage unit for a long time to extinguish. The method according to claim 1, And the limit unit has at least two additionally installed in parallel in response to the number of power or communication lines to be connected to the input terminal thereof. The method according to claim 1, And a surge energy rectifying unit is installed between the power supply or communication line and the input terminal of the limit unit to rectify surge energy flowing through the power supply or communication line irrespective of polarity. The method according to claim 1, And a constant voltage circuit unit for converting the output voltage of the power storage unit charged with the surge voltage to the constant voltage between the power storage unit and the discharge unit. The method according to claim 3, The surge energy rectifier comprises a bridge rectifier diode having a rectifier diode including an input terminal corresponding to the number of power or communication lines. The method according to claim 1, And the limit unit comprises any one of a trigger element such as SCR, GTO, SSS, or triac. The method according to claim 1, The discharge unit is a lightning and surge protection device, characterized in that consisting of a resistor that converts the voltage of the power storage unit to heat extinction. The method according to claim 1, The discharge part is composed of a protection resistor and a light emitting diode, the lightning and surge protection device, characterized in that to visually display the surge inflow state. The method according to claim 1, Lightning and surge protection device characterized in that the discharge unit is composed of a protective resistor and a buzzer to display the surge inflow state audibly. The method according to claim 1, The power storage unit is a lightning and surge protection device, characterized in that consisting of a condenser that is fast charging during operation of the limit unit. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, The discharge unit may be configured of any one of a wireless transmitter, a wired interface, or an optical coupler so that the driving voltage thereof may be supplied from the constant voltage circuit unit when a surge is introduced.