KR200347845Y1 - Demand control ventilation system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present design is a representative measure of biological pollution by the number of people who determine indoor air quality. The indoor environment is based on the concentration values converted in real time through the exhaust duct of each ventilation space or CO ₂ sensors installed in each room. IAQ control system through the demand response active ventilation to control the required number of air replacement (ACH) or air supply in real time to maintain the ventilation, which is converted in real time through the CO ₂ sensor of each ventilation space The concentration values are used to obtain the latest occupant (N) and the latest average air supply (Q), minimizing the installation of a flow measuring device, and when the high local pollution concentration is detected and local rapid ventilation is required, the indoor target CO ₂ concentration. In order to achieve the performance, the air supply is controlled step by step, and the operation is made for energy saving. The opening angle of each of the air supply or exhaust line damper for is the sum of the real-time the entire outer amount target then controls the opening angle of the damper to be the same ratio as of the respective space outside amount ratio target outer amount by a conversion from a real-time CO ₂ concentration value By controlling the rotation speed of the air supply or the exhaust fan so as to reach the total external air supply amount, there is an effect that the overall control is always robust.

Description

IAV control system through active response to demand demand {DEMAND CONTROL VENTILATION SYSTEM}

The present invention relates to an IAQ control system through demand response active ventilation, and in constructing a ventilation system for solving the indoor air quality (IAQ) problem caused by high-rise, high-insulation and high-density building or apartment, Combined with sensor-based demand control, rotational speed control and flow control dampers, demand-responsive active is the most economical and effective way to remove the bioeffluents associated with people's indoor activities. IAQ control system through ventilation.

Means for removing indoor air pollutants are divided into two methods: disallowing the inflow of pollutants indoors and removing them after they are introduced or introduced. In addition, the former can be divided into two methods: removing and isolating the source of pollution, and changing the properties of the source to make it harmless.The latter is used to remove pollutants by an air cleaner and discharged to the outside by ventilation. There are three ways.

The first method described above is the most active, but if the target pollutants are CO ₂ , VOCs, odors, etc., the source is related to the human body and its activities, which is not possible at all. In addition, because the nature of the source must be dependent on chemical means rather than by physical means, another contaminant may occur due to chemical reactions. The second method is to use air cleaner, but VOCs, tobacco smoke, combustion exhaust gas, odor, etc., which are not one kind of suspended dust, are not obvious cause and maintenance of air cleaner is not easy. Insufficiency makes it impossible to ignore regeneration of contaminants. Finally, the decontamination of indoor air by ventilation is the most passive, but it is the most practical way to remove contaminants with complex characteristics such as VOCs, tobacco smoke, combustion exhaust, and odors.

In the case of ventilation for the removal of indoor air pollutants, the minimum ventilation frequency based on 15kW / (hr * m ² ) per area is reduced due to the small amount of gap wind due to the recent densification and high insulation of apartment buildings. The trend is to design 0.5 times / hr. The minimum outside air standard according to the ASHRAE standard is defined as the maximum allowable air pollution concentration, and then the amount of ventilation to maintain IAQ (Indoor Air Quality). In addition, the IAQ can be determined using the outside air volume CFM, the outside air volume in air supply, the outside air volume CFM per person, the outside air volume per building area, and the number of changes per ventilation time (ACH).

The practical application of CO ₂ concentration measurement to determine the amount of OA provides the most information with minimal effort. CO ₂ measurement depends on the number of people in the building, the ability to dilute the concentration of the ventilation system, and the ability to remove accumulated CO ₂ components. Therefore, CO ₂ measurement method for determining OA amount requires a certain number of people in the space.

Appendix D of the ASHRAE Standard 62-1989 reports that 0.3 liters of CO ₂ (0.0106 CFM of CO ₂ ) are produced per person. However, these values vary from person to person. For example, there is a difference between a cabin, a cabin or a commercial building. Buildings that are more active than regular office work also increase metabolism and increase CO ₂ .

When people live in buildings for long periods of time to achieve a steady state, the CO ₂ left in the space in a ventilated state is equal to the amount of CO ₂ generated. By deriving the equation using this relationship, the concentration state equation is obtained as in Equation 1 below.

[Equation 1]

Where C _indoor is the internal CO ₂ concentration (parts per million) at time t, F is the CO ₂ generation (ft ³ / hour / person), 10 ⁶ constant is the vol / vol ratio converted by ppm, V _eff is the effective volume (ft ^3), I is the number of ventilation (ACH-air change per hour) , t is the time (hour), C _o is the external CO ₂ concentration (ppm).

An example of the concentration balance calculated when Co = 350 ppm, V _eff = 8.1 m ³ per person, and ACH = 3.4 using Equation 1 is shown in FIG. 1.

Assuming a steady state in Equation 1, CFM, which is the amount of external air per person necessary to maintain a desired indoor concentration, can be easily calculated from Equation 2 below.

[Equation 2]

That is, after calculating the per capita air volume CFM so that the indoor concentration reaches the reference concentration (for example, 1,000 ppm) by using Equation 2, the number of occupants in the room is determined using a motion detection sensor, The demand change response control of the method of controlling the air volume or the air supply damper of the ventilation fan by determining the required external air amount has a first problem in that it is not possible to quickly control the current indoor concentration as shown in FIG. 1. .

Further, after measuring the indoor CO ₂ concentration using the moments CO ₂ sensor, changes in demand by using the rotation number of relationships as required by the indoor CO ₂ concentration sewn determined ventilation fan, a frequency control, and so on corresponding control (Demand control Method is active because it measures the indoor concentration in real time, and it is very convenient to control the indoor concentration, ventilation amount and rotation speed in one-to-one correspondence.However, the above relationship should be derived for every system and concentration reduction does not occur energy efficiently. There is a second problem.

As the subject innovation has been made to solve the above problems, and its object is the CO ₂ sensor is installed respectively in an exhaust duct of the respective ventilation space as a representative measure of biological contamination with the occupied personnel in determining the air quality in the room Based on the concentration values converted in real time, it is possible to maintain a pleasant indoor environment by controlling the required number of ACH or air supply in each ventilation space in order to maintain a comfortable indoor environment in real time and measure the flow rate for each ventilation space. It is to provide an IAQ control system through demand response active ventilation that minimizes the installation of the device.

In addition, another object of the present invention is to use the real-time data obtained from the CO ₂ sensor installed in each indoor space to ensure comfort by quickly ventilating the contaminated air in the space of the high-milden building or apartment house It is to provide IAQ control system through demand response active ventilation that can reduce the operation power consumption by performing air supply control in at least two stages in one-to-one correspondence with current pollution concentration in each zone.

1 is a graph showing an example of the CO ₂ concentration balance over time when the ventilation for a given indoor occupants.

Figure 2 is a block diagram showing a prior art ventilation system installed in a multi-unit house so that the air supply and exhaust is made at the same time.

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram modeling the flow loss at the time of supply and exhaust as the resistance of the electric circuit to explain the energy improvement according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating a change in concentration at which CO ₂ concentrations measured in the two spaces illustrated in FIG. 3 fall below a predetermined reference.

Figure 5 is a graph showing the change in concentration and operation power consumption due to the control of the step-by-step air supply flow rate of the present invention as an example.

6 is a view showing the IAQ control system through the demand response active ventilation according to an embodiment of the present invention.

7 is a flowchart illustrating a control algorithm of a system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

8 is a view showing a ventilation system having a function of exhausting through a range hood according to another embodiment of the present invention.

9 is a view showing a ventilation system having a function of exhaust through the heat transfer or sensible heat exchanger according to another embodiment of the present invention.

<Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

10: heat exchanger 20: heat exchanger

30: damper 40: CO ₂ detector

50 pressure detector 60 microprocessor

70: control unit

In order to achieve the above object, the IAQ control system using active response ventilation according to an aspect of the present invention is a simultaneous supply, or forced supply and natural clearance exhaust, or IAQ control system for forced exhaust and natural clearance supply, An air supply fan and an exhaust fan 20 connected to a heat exchanger connected to the air supply and exhaust ducts, the rotation speed of which is variable for supply and exhaust operations; An automatic damper (30) installed at an outlet or inlet of the air supply fan and the exhaust fan, the opening angle of which is variable for supply and exhaust operations for each ventilation space; A CO ₂ detector 40 installed in an exhaust duct or each ventilation space of each ventilation space to measure the air quality of each ventilation space, and measuring the CO ₂ concentration of current air; A pressure detector (50) for measuring real-time flow rate through the differential pressure of the frontal orifice installed in the air supply fan or the exhaust fan; Receive the measurement signal from the CO ₂ detector for a predetermined time (T ₀ ) and the real-time occupancy (N) and the latest average air supply (Q _i ^old ) for each ventilation space in real time through real-time concentration data for each ventilation space A microprocessor 60 for calculating; And a target indoor concentration (C _S ) and a target indoor concentration arrival time given as initial input values based on the recent occupancy number (N) for each ventilation space calculated from the microprocessor. Calculate the required outside air quantity (Q _i ^new ) to satisfy T _S ), and calculate the required total air supply or exhaust volume (Q _o ^new ) based on this, and control the feedback and exhaust to be locally supplied or exhausted. Control unit 70 for controlling the rotational speed and the opening angle of the automatic damper; Characterized in that it comprises a.

Preferably, the control unit 70, the number of times of air per hour (ACH) for each ventilation space obtained in real time to satisfy the target indoor concentration (C _S ) and the target indoor concentration arrival time (T _S ) given as an initial input value And when the product of the target concentration attainment time T _S is greater than 2.0, dividing the target control CO ₂ concentration into at least two or more stages, respectively, and controlling the air supply flow rate in each modified stage; And real-time outside air supply of each supply line or gap supply when feedback control is performed such that the opening angle of each air supply or exhaust line damper for supplying the required outside air volume for each space is controlled by the target flow rate Q _i ^new for each space. After controlling the opening angle of the dampers so that the ratio is equal to the ratio of the target external air supply amounts, the rotation speed of the air supply or exhaust fan so that the sum Q _o ^* of the real-time total external air amount reaches the target total external air amount Q _o ^new . The function of controlling the; characterized in that to perform.

On the other hand, the IAQ control system through the demand response active ventilation according to another aspect of the present invention, in the ventilation system for simultaneous supply and exhaust, is installed in the heat transfer or sensible heat exchanger (10) connected to the supply and exhaust duct, Air supply fan and exhaust fan 20 having a variable rotation speed for supply and exhaust air operations to the space; A CO ₂ detector 40 installed in an exhaust duct of a heat exchanger or a heat exchanger to measure air quality for the entire space, and measuring CO ₂ concentration of current air; A pressure detector (50) for measuring the total real-time exhaust flow rate through the differential pressure of the frontal orifice installed in the air supply fan; A microprocessor (60) for receiving a measurement signal from the CO ₂ detector for a predetermined time (T ₀ ) and calculating in real time the latest occupant in the entire ventilation space (N) in real time based on real-time concentration data of the entire ventilation space; And receiving the latest occupant number (N) data for each ventilation space calculated from the microprocessor, and based on the recent occupant number (N), the concentration of contaminants is given as an initial input value within a target indoor concentration attainment time T _S. The required air supply amount Q ^new is calculated to satisfy the target indoor concentration C _S or less, and based on this, the rotational speed of the air supply fan is controlled by feedback control so that the air supply amount due to the air supply fan becomes a predetermined value Q ^new . Control unit 70 for controlling the; Characterized in that it comprises a.

On the other hand, the IAQ control system through active response ventilation according to another aspect of the present invention, in the ventilation system for exhaust exhaust range hood having a collecting shade and a straight conduit, the damper is installed, the outlet is an outdoor or common air duct An exhaust duct connected to the; An exhaust fan 20 installed in the exhaust duct or the collecting shade or in a hood conduit, the rotation speed of which being variable in speed for exhausting the cooking space; CO ₂ detector (40) installed in the exhaust duct or hood of the hood or in a hooded indoor space to measure the air quality for the cooking space to measure the CO ₂ concentration of current polluted air associated with activities involving gas combustion. ); A pressure detector (50) for measuring the real-time exhaust flow rate through the differential pressure of the frontal orifice installed in the exhaust fan; A microprocessor (60) for receiving a measurement signal from the CO ₂ detector for a predetermined time and real-time calculating the virtual occupant (N) in the cooking space through real-time concentration data of the cooking space; And receiving the virtual occupancy data (N) of the cooking space calculated from the microprocessor and based on the virtual occupancy number (N), the concentration of the contaminant as the initial input value within the target indoor concentration arrival time (T _S ). The exhaust amount Q ^new required to satisfy the indoor concentration C _S or less is calculated and based on this, the exhaust gas is controlled through feedback control for exhausting the cooking space so that the exhaust gas volume by the exhaust fan becomes a predetermined value Q ^new . Control unit 70 for controlling the rotational speed of the fan; Characterized in that it comprises a.

Preferably, the control unit 70, the total average concentration of the contaminants generated in the entire ventilation space or the concentration of the contaminants generated in connection with the activity including cooking, gas combustion is initially input within the target indoor concentration reaching time (T _S ) It is characterized by dividing the target control CO ₂ concentration into at least two or more stages so as to satisfy the target indoor concentration (C _S ) or less as a value, and controlling the air supply flow rate in each modified stage.

More preferably, the measurement of the real-time exhaust flow rate without the installation of the pressure detector 50, the control unit 70 is the amount of change in the indoor CO ₂ concentration (C (t _i )) and the current measurement indoor CO ₂ concentration (C _i ) It is characterized by directly calculating the sum of squares of the difference to be the minimum.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Hereinafter, the present invention performs a simultaneous air supply, or forced air supply and natural gap exhaust, or forced air exhaust and natural gap supply through a ventilation system having a function of sensible heat exchange and humidification for the air supply and exhaust air, to determine the air quality of the room As a representative measure of biological contamination by occupants, each ventilation space needs to maintain a comfortable indoor environment based on concentration values converted in real time through the exhaust duct of each ventilation space or CO ₂ sensors installed in each room. Although the IAQ control system through demand response active ventilation for controlling the number of air substitution (ACH) or the air supply amount in real time will be described as a preferred embodiment, the technical idea of the present invention is not limited or limited thereto and modified by those skilled in the art. Of course, it can be variously implemented.

1 is a graph showing an example of CO ₂ concentration balance over time when ventilation for a given indoor occupants, Figure 2 is a block diagram showing a ventilation system of the prior art installed in a multi-unit house so that the supply and exhaust air at the same time 3 is a schematic diagram of modeling the flow loss at the time of supply and discharge as the resistance of the electric circuit to explain the energy improvement according to the present invention, Figure 4 is a CO ₂ concentration measured in the two spaces illustrated in FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating a change in concentration falling below a predetermined standard, and FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating a change in concentration and a reduction in power consumption due to the control of the staged air supply flow rate according to the present invention.

First, in order to overcome the first problem that occurs when determining the required ventilation amount by reflecting only the occupant in the office or residential ventilation system, the present invention, each CO ₂ detector is installed in the exhaust duct part of each ventilation space The current occupancy is obtained through the least-squares method using real-time concentration data according to the current air volume supplied through the sensor built-in (microprocessor) or MCU connected to the outside.

Ie external CO₂Concentration, current indoor co₂ C, concentration, estimated occupancy, supply volume, and effective volume of the specified space, respectively._o, C^*, N, Q, V_effIn this case, the change in the indoor concentration with time from the concentration equilibrium equation is expressed as in Equation 3 below.

[Equation 3]

Here, assuming that the same number of occupants and the air supply amount are given during the recently given time T _o , the sum of squared errors, such as the following Equation 4, can be obtained.

[Equation 4]

Here, C _i is a room concentration measured at t _i (= T ₀ / n * i), and C (t _i ) is a value obtained using Equation 3 above. So two equations ( ) Is used to find the latest occupancy (N) and the latest average air supply (Q), and these calculations are made in real time by the microprocessor.

On the other hand, Figure 2 shows an example of a plan view of the ventilation system installed in the apartment house so that the air supply and exhaust is made at the same time. In order to compare the power consumption by the ventilation booster 홴 or the electric / sensible heat exchanger 시 required to supply the required air supply through this complicated duct with the existing system, the flow loss during the air supply and exhaust as shown in FIG. Model it with the resistance of the circuit. As illustrated in FIG. 3, when the CO ₂ concentrations currently measured in the two spaces are 1,500 and 1,200 ppm, respectively, the amount of outside air required to reduce the CO ₂ concentration of the two spaces to 800 ppm or less within 1 hour is represented by the above equation. Using 3, you get 47.5 and 44.7 m ³ / hr, respectively.

Here, N described above is the number of occupants in the room using the concentration change during the recent T _o time, and is the result of obtaining the outside air quantity Q such that C becomes 800 ppm at t = 1.0 hr.

A ventilating embodiment showing a change in concentration using the above values is illustrated in FIG. 4.

In this way, the present invention measures the flow rate of the ventilation booster 전 or the heat transfer / sensible heat exchanger 차 using a differential pressure sensor, or the flow rate of the air supplied to each space in real time without conversion using a database on the flow rate of the piping system applied for each rotation speed. through the real-time measurement of the CO ₂ concentration of the personnel down to below the set value of the CO ₂ concentration within the desired time is obtained continuously has the advantage that the contaminants are associated with human body activity rapidly removed.

In addition, the present invention, in order to solve the second problem, as shown in the system shown in Figure 3 through the control of the rotational speed and the respective damper opening of the ventilation booster 스터 or heat transfer / sensation heat exchanger 최적 to optimize the amount of air supply in terms of energy Ensure supply is made.

That is, as shown in FIG. 5, when the indoor space average concentration is controlled from the current C ₁ to C ₂ within a given time T _s , it is divided into two stages rather than being supplied with a constant flow rate Q obtained using Equation 3 above. First, in the first step, the indoor spatial mean concentration within T _s / 2 hours is calculated from the geometric mean of C ₁ to C ₁ and C ₂ ( Flow rate Q ₁ required to attenuate up to), and then in the second step, the mean concentrations in the remaining T _s / 2 hours are the geometric mean of C ₁ and C ₂ ( ) Supplies the necessary flow rate Q ₂ to attenuate to the target mean concentration C ₂ .

In this way, by dividing the time interval by half and setting the target mean concentration at that time as the geometric mean of the concentration interval, it is possible to reduce the power consumption of the ventilation booster 홴 or the heat / sensible heat exchanger 홴.

For example, in order to control the CO ₂ concentration to 800 ppm in 1 hour for an indoor space having the current measured concentration shown in FIG. 3 in 1,500 ppm, an outdoor air amount of 47.5 m ³ / hr is required based on Equation 3 above. When controlled according to the present invention, 37.3 m ³ / hr of required air supply Q ₁ is required over 0.5 hours from 1,500 ppm to 964 ppm, which is a geometric mean of 1,500 ppm and 800 ppm, from 964 ppm to 800 ppm. Q ₂ is set at 52.6 m ³ / hr over 0.5 h.

In addition, the power consumption of the ventilation booster or heat exchanger heat exchanger is proportional to the square of the flow rate, and the proportional constant is determined by the total loss factor of the duct pipe and damper, so that the time due to the two operating modes is the same. Calculation of the ratio of integrated power consumption As a result, operating power consumption of about 10% is reduced. The reduction in operating power consumption due to the control of the gradual air supply flow is evident when the ACH * T _{s, which} is the product of the air replacement frequency per hour (ACH) and the target concentration attainment time (T _s ), is greater than 2.0.

Referring to Figures 6 to 9 in more detail with respect to the IAQ control system through the demand response active ventilation of the present invention,

6 is a view showing the IAQ control system through the demand response active ventilation according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 7 is a flow chart showing a control algorithm of the system according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 8 is another of the present invention FIG. 9 is a view showing a ventilation system having a function of exhaust through a range hood according to an embodiment, and FIG. 9 is a view showing a ventilation system having a function of exhaust through a heat transfer or sensible heat exchanger according to another embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 6, the ventilation system to which the present invention is applied has an exhaust duct in which the outlet is exposed to the outside in the ventilation mode, a heat exchanger 10 connected to the supply / exhaust duct, and controlled by a control unit. The air supply fan and the exhaust fan 20 which are connected to 10) and which are controlled by the control unit 70 and whose rotation speed is variable are operated. The system includes a plurality of diffusers which are installed in each separate space and connected to the outlet of the air supply fan 20 via an air supply conduit, and are also installed in each of the separate spaces and pass through the air exhaust conduit. A plurality of collectors (suction units) connected to the inlet of the fan 20, provided in the air supply conduit connected to the diffusers, or near the diffuser, can be controlled by the control unit 70 to vary the opening angle. It is connected to a plurality of automatic dampers 30, microprocessor 60, CO ₂ detector 40, respectively installed in the exhaust duct of each ventilation space, and the air supply fan (홴) to accurately detect the real-time flow rate of the air supply fan (20) And a pressure detector 50 which detects the differential pressure through the frontal orifice provided on the inlet side or the outlet side of 20) and is connected to the control unit 70 to send a measurement signal.

Here, the signals measured through the CO ₂ detectors 40 respectively installed in the exhaust ducts of each ventilation space during the recently given time T _o are assumed to have the same occupancy and air supply in each ventilation space. It is used to calculate the latest occupancy (N) and the latest average air supply (Q) for each space so that the sum of squares of the difference between the real-time converted concentration values and the values according to Equation 3 is minimized. Is primarily done in real time through the microprocessor 60.

In addition, the controller 70 controls the rotational speed of the air supply fan 20 during local air supply, and provides a target indoor concentration Cs and a target indoor concentration given as initial input values as shown in the flowchart shown in FIG. 7. The required outdoor air volume (Q _i ^new ) is calculated based on the number of occupants in each ventilation space to satisfy the arrival time (Ts), and based on this, the total air supply (Q _o ^new ) is determined, and the orifice measured in real time. By using the differential pressure and the RPM relationship shown in Equation 5 below, the feedback control is performed such that the amount of air supplied by the air supply 20 (20) becomes Q _o ^new .

[Equation 5]

However, as described above, the reduction in operating power consumption due to the stepped air supply flow control is ACH (= Q _i ^new / V _i ) * T _{s which} is a product of the number of times of air replacement per hour (ACH) and the target concentration attainment time (T _s ). Is apparent when is greater than 2.0, so in this case the primary target concentration ( ), And supply air flow control step by step if necessary so that the secondary target concentration is C _s . If necessary, of course, it is possible to control the air supply flow rate for each space divided into more steps.

In addition, the controller 70 controls the opening angle of the damper 30 of each air supply line at the local air supply, and the signals measured through the CO ₂ detectors 40 respectively installed in the exhaust ducts of the respective ventilation spaces are Sum of squares of differences between concentration values converted in real time and values according to Equation 3 ), And obtain the latest average air supply amount (Q _i ^old ) for each space so that the sum is the minimum, and the sum is equal to the target total air supply amount (Q _o ^old ), and then the grade shown in Equation 5 below. The feedback control is performed so that Q _i ^{new, which} is the target flow rate for each space, is controlled by using the relationship of skill relations.

[Equation 6]

At this time, if the fluctuation of the total air supply amount Q _o occurs due to the adjustment of the opening angle of each air supply damper 30 and the change of the external and indoor environment, the orifice differential pressure measured in real time and the RPM relation equation of Equation 5 ( Using the relational expression, feedback control is performed so that the amount of outside air by the air supply 홴 20 becomes Q _o ^new , and the opening angle control of the damper 30 of each air supply line is repeatedly performed. This preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail in the control system configuration of FIG. 6 and the control algorithm of FIG.

8 shows a ventilation system having the function of exhausting through a range hood according to another embodiment of the present invention.

That is, in a ventilation system having a collecting shade and a straight conduit and having a function of exhausting through a range hood in which a damper 30 is installed, an outlet duct, a collecting shade or a hood is connected to an outdoor or a common air duct. CO ₂ installed in the conduit or exhaust duct part and connected to the exhaust fan 20 and the microprocessor 60 with variable rotation speed under the control of the control unit and installed in the hood exhaust duct or hood and in the indoor space near the hood. In order to accurately detect the real-time flow rate of the detector 40 and the exhaust fan 20, the differential pressure is detected through a frontal orifice installed at the inlet or outlet side of the exhaust fan 20 and connected to the control unit 70 to measure a measurement signal. pressure detector 50, the last given time (T _o) for containing the cooking by using the signals measured by the CO ₂ detector (40) provided in the exhaust duct or hood to send The concentration of contaminants generated in connection with activities, including cooking and gas combustion, in controlling the rotational speed of the microprocessor 60 and the fan 20 when exhausting the hood. Orifice measured in real time after determining the required displacement (Q ^new ) based on the previously obtained virtual room number so as to satisfy the target indoor concentration (C _s ) given as an initial input value within the target indoor concentration arrival time (T _s ). Relationship between the differential pressure and the RPM of Equation 5 ) Shows an IAQ control system that performs feedback control such that the displacement by Q20 is Q ^new .

However, as described above, in order to detect the real-time flow rate of the exhaust fan 20, the differential pressure is detected through a front orifice installed at the inlet side or the outlet side of the exhaust fan 20 and connected to the control unit 70 to send a measurement signal. Without the installation of the pressure detector 50, the sum of squares of the difference From Can be used to obtain the real-time displacement (Q ^* ).

Figure 9 shows a ventilation system having the function of exhaust through the heat transfer or sensible heat exchanger according to another embodiment of the present invention.

That is, the inlet and the outlet are respectively exposed to the outdoor air supply and exhaust duct, the heat exchanger 10 of the heat transfer or sensible heat exchange connected to the supply and exhaust duct and controlled by the control unit 70, installed in the heat exchanger device And connected to the air supply fan, the exhaust fan 20, and the microprocessor 60, which are controlled by the control unit 70 and whose rotation speed is variable, and in the exhaust duct part of the heat exchanger 10, or in the heat exchanger 10. And a front orifice installed at the inlet or outlet side of the air supply fan 20 to accurately detect the real-time flow rate of the air supply fan 20 and a CO ₂ detector 40 for measuring the concentration of contaminated air and fresh air supply installed outdoors. The pressure detector 50 is connected to the control unit 70 and detects the differential pressure through the CO ₂ detector 40 installed in the exhaust duct part or the heat exchanger 10 during a recent time T _o . Measured The total average concentration of contaminants generated in adjusting the rotational speed of the air supply 20 20 in the heat exchanger 10 by using the signals to find the occupant number N in the entire ventilation space is the target indoor concentration reaching time (T _s ) determine the required air supply (Q ^new ) on the basis of the estimated total ventilation space estimated occupants so as to satisfy the target indoor concentration (C _s ) less than the initial input value within _s ), and then the orifice differential pressure measured in real time and the mathematical RPM relationship of Equation 5 ) Shows an IAQ control system that performs feedback control so that the air supply amount by the air supply 20 20 becomes Q ^new .

In addition, as described above, in order to detect the real-time flow rate of the exhaust fan 20, the differential pressure is detected through a frontal orifice installed at the inlet side or the outlet side of the exhaust fan 20, and connected to the control unit 70 to measure a measurement signal. Without installing the sending pressure detector 50, the sum of squares of From It is also possible to find the real-time displacement Q ^* .

Therefore, the heat exchanger 10 of the present invention, firstly, the maintenance of the IAQ and secure the CFM per person by the ASHRAE standard, at the same time to remove the excessive ventilation due to the manual control by the conversion of the fixed rotational speed of about $ 0.5 ~ $ Energy savings of 1.5 / m ² (5% to 80% energy savings compared to fixed ventilation), and secondly, the rapid ventilation volume can be corrected in response to the effects of leaks or opening of windows. There is no need to control it.

The present invention described above can be variously substituted, modified and changed within the scope without departing from the technical thoughts of the present invention for those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs, the above-described embodiment and the accompanying drawings It is not limited to.

As described above, the IAQ control system through the demand response active ventilation shown in the present invention is a representative measure of biological pollution by the occupant in the room to determine the indoor air quality, CO ₂ installed in each exhaust duct part of each ventilation space Based on the concentration values converted in real time through the sensors, it controls in real time the required air replacement frequency (ACH) or the air supply to each ventilation space to maintain a comfortable indoor environment. In order to supply the required air supply to the local contaminated space, flow rate measurement through orifice device, differential pressure sensor or other flow meter is required in each supply line in real time, or flow rate evaluation through database of pressure line of each supply line is required. In this design, the latest occupant (N) and the latest average air supply (Q) are obtained using the concentration values converted in real time through the CO ₂ sensors for each ventilation space, thereby minimizing the installation of the flow measuring device. .

In addition, when a high local pollution concentration is detected and local rapid ventilation is required, ACH (= Q _i ^new / V _i ) * T _{s, which} is the product of the number of air replacements per hour (ACH) and the target concentration attainment time (T _s ), is greater than 2.0. Since the control CO ₂ concentration is large, the primary target concentration ( Air supply flow control step by step so that the secondary target concentration becomes the control concentration C _s , and if necessary, the operation power consumption can be reduced through the air supply flow control for each space divided into more steps. There is also.

In addition, the required flow rate according to the pollution level of each space corresponds to the current pollution concentration in one-to-one correspondence with the given target indoor concentration (C _s ) and the target indoor concentration arrival time (T _s ), Opening angle of each air supply line damper for When the feedback control is performed to control the target flow rate Q _o ^new for each space by using), the real-time total outside air volume after controlling the opening angle of the dampers so that the real-time air supply flow rate ratio of each air supply line is the same as the target air supply amount. Since the rotational speed of the air supply fan is controlled so that the sum Q _o ^* reaches the target total air supply amount Q _o ^new , the opening angle of the air supply line damper also corresponds to the current pollution concentration one-to-one so that the overall control is always robust. It has the advantage of working.

Claims (6)

In the IAQ control system for simultaneous supply, or forced supply and natural clearance exhaust, or forced exhaust and natural clearance supply, An air supply fan and an exhaust fan 20 connected to a heat exchanger connected to the air supply and exhaust ducts, the rotation speed of which is variable for supply and exhaust operations; An automatic damper (30) installed at an outlet or inlet of the air supply fan and the exhaust fan, the opening angle of which is variable for supply and exhaust operations for each ventilation space; A CO ₂ detector 40 installed in an exhaust duct or each ventilation space of each ventilation space to measure the air quality of each ventilation space, and measuring the CO ₂ concentration of current air; A pressure detector (50) for measuring real-time flow rate through the differential pressure of the frontal orifice installed in the air supply fan or the exhaust fan; Receive the measurement signal from the CO ₂ detector for a predetermined time (T ₀ ) and the real-time occupancy (N) and the latest average air supply (Q _i ^old ) for each ventilation space in real time through real-time concentration data for each ventilation space A microprocessor 60 for calculating; And The target room concentration (C _S ) and the target room concentration arrival time (T) given as initial input values based on the latest room occupancy number (N) are received from the microprocessor and the ventilation room data for each ventilation space calculated. _S ) calculates the required outside air quantity Q _i ^new to satisfy _S ), and calculates the required total air supply or exhaust amount Q _o ^new based on this, and controls the supply and exhaust of the air supply and exhaust through feedback control to be locally supplied or exhausted. A controller 70 for controlling the rotational speed and the opening angle of the automatic damper; IAQ control system through the demand response active ventilation, comprising a. The method of claim 1, The control unit 70, The product of the times per hour of air displacement (ACH) and the target concentration achievement time (T _S ) of each ventilation space obtained in real time to satisfy the target indoor concentration (C _S ) and the target indoor concentration arrival time (T _S ), which are given as initial input values, If greater than 2.0, dividing the target controlled CO ₂ concentration into at least two or more steps, respectively, and controlling the air supply flow rate in each modified step; And In the case of feedback control to control the opening angle of each air supply or exhaust line damper for supplying the required outdoor air volume to each space to the target flow rate Q _i ^new for each space, the real-time air air supply ratio of each air supply line or gap air supply After the opening angle of the dampers is controlled to be equal to the ratio of the target air supply amounts, the rotation speed of the air supply or exhaust fan is set such that the sum of the real-time total external air quantities Q _o ^* reaches the target total external air quantity Q _o ^new . IAQ control system through the demand response active ventilation, characterized in that the; In the ventilation system for simultaneous supply and exhaust, An air supply fan and an exhaust fan 20 which are installed in the heat transfer or sensible heat exchanger 10 connected to the air supply and exhaust ducts, and whose rotation speed is variable for supply and exhaust operations for the entire space; A CO ₂ detector 40 installed in an exhaust duct of a heat exchanger or a heat exchanger to measure air quality for the entire space, and measuring CO ₂ concentration of current air; A pressure detector (50) for measuring the total real-time exhaust flow rate through the differential pressure of the frontal orifice installed in the air supply fan; A microprocessor (60) for receiving a measurement signal from the CO ₂ detector for a predetermined time (T ₀ ) and calculating in real time the latest occupant in the entire ventilation space (N) in real time based on real-time concentration data of the entire ventilation space; And Receive the latest occupancy data (N) data for each ventilation space calculated from the microprocessor, and based on the recent occupancy number (N), the concentration of contaminants as the initial input value within the target indoor concentration attainment time T _S. Calculate the required air supply amount Q ^new to satisfy the following indoor concentration (C _S ), and based on this, the rotational speed of the air supply fan is controlled by feedback control so that the air supply amount by the air supply fan becomes a predetermined value Q ^new . A control unit 70 for controlling; IAQ control system through the demand response active ventilation, comprising a. In a ventilation system for exhaust of a range hood having a collecting shade and a straight conduit and a damper is installed, An exhaust duct whose outlet is connected to an outdoor or common air duct; An exhaust fan 20 installed in the exhaust duct or the collecting shade or in a hood conduit, the rotation speed of which being variable in speed for exhausting the cooking space; CO ₂ detector (40) installed in the exhaust duct or hood of the hood or in a hooded indoor space to measure the air quality for the cooking space to measure the CO ₂ concentration of current polluted air associated with activities involving gas combustion. ); A pressure detector (50) for measuring the real-time exhaust flow rate through the differential pressure of the frontal orifice installed in the exhaust fan; A microprocessor (60) for receiving a measurement signal from the CO ₂ detector for a predetermined time and real-time calculating the virtual occupant (N) in the cooking space through real-time concentration data of the cooking space; And Receive the virtual occupancy data (N) of the cooking space calculated from the microprocessor and based on the virtual occupancy number (N), the target room with the concentration of the contaminant as the initial input value within the target indoor concentration arrival time (T _S ). The exhaust volume Q ^new is calculated to satisfy the concentration C _S or less, and based on this, the exhaust volume is controlled by feedback control for exhausting the cooking space so that the exhaust volume due to the exhaust volume becomes a predetermined value Q ^new . Control unit 70 for controlling the rotational speed of the; IAQ control system through active response to the demand response, comprising a. The method according to claim 3 or 4, The control unit 70, The total average concentration of contaminants generated in the entire ventilation space, or the concentration of contaminants generated in connection with activities including cooking and gas combustion, is below the target indoor concentration (C _S ) given as an initial input within the target indoor concentration arrival time (T _S ). Dividing the target control CO ₂ concentration into at least two or more stages to satisfy the IAQ control system, characterized in that for performing the function of controlling the air supply flow rate for each modified step. The method according to claim 3 or 4, The measurement of the real-time exhaust flow rate without the installation of the pressure detector 50, the control unit 70 is the sum of the square of the difference between the amount of change in the indoor CO ₂ concentration (C (t _i )) and the current measurement indoor CO ₂ concentration (C _i ) IAQ control system through active response ventilation, characterized in that it is calculated directly to the minimum.