KR20030085283A - Separation of mud, iron and nonferrous metals from plastic wastes - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A method for separating and removing foreign materials from plastic wastes by using separation technologies including gravitational separation, electrostatic and magnetic separation and vibration separation is provided. CONSTITUTION: In a dry type method for separating and sorting foreign materials such as earth, glass, stone, irons, copper and aluminum from plastic wastes, the method is characterized in that foreign materials are removed by dry type separation removing method comprising a process of crushing and pulverizing the waste plastics to a size of 8 mm or less using a crusher, a process of sorting irons and nonferrous metals from the crushed and pulverized waste plastics by vortex and magnetic force using vortex and magnetic separation in the state that split of sorter is spaced apart from magnetic force belt in a distance of 3 to 10 cm, and a process of separating waste plastics and earth and dusts from vibration screen by vibration, wherein the waste plastics are one or more wastes selected from the group consisting of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), phenol resin, acryl and vinyl.

Description

Separation of mud, iron and nonferrous metals from plastic wastes}

The present invention relates to a method for separating foreign matters contained in waste plastics, and more specifically, soil and iron contained as foreign matters for fueling and emulsification by using the end product generated last in the waste plastics treatment process separated and collected as household waste. And a dry sorting method for energy removal by removing non-ferrous metals, and particularly, a crushing and crushing technique for separating and removing foreign substances, an iron sorting and non-ferrous sorting technique by vortex and magnetic force, and a waste by vibrating screen device. It consists of the separation of plastics and soil + dust.

Waste plastics differ in the type and content of foreign substances depending on the place and time of occurrence. However, most waste plastics incinerated or landfill contain more than 30% of soil, glass, metals and non-metals.

It is incinerated and landfilled more than 50% of the domestic wastes generated by the local government's conditions without recycling the waste plastics. It is an invention related to pretreatment (removal of foreign matter separation) so that it can be used for fueling and emulsification purposes by removing foreign matters contained in waste plastics due to incineration and landfills, causing water quality and air pollution.

In general, the recycling of waste plastics for energyification is divided into solidification, liquefaction, fuelization by gasification, emulsification by combustion, and energy recovery.However, in developed countries such as Japan, the technology of pyrolysis and transformation into fuel oil is used. Reduction and monomer recovery from chemical raw materials are also recycled.

Waste plastics generated in Korea are selected and used for recyclable items by the hands of primary people, but unsorted end products have become a problem due to disposal problems.

Once again, the separation and sorting of waste plastics is performed by primary human hand, X-ray fluorescence and color fractionation as products, and after crushing, dry gravity screening using specific gravity and fluidized bed, and wet gravity screening using floating and centrifugal force. By using electrostatic force screening method using electrostatic force, vortex, and magnetic force, it is separated to suit the purpose.

The fueling method is to burn the combustible waste (paper, waste plastic, rubber, wood, fiber, etc.) to recover energy as heat, to use water vapor, hot water or electricity, in Japan by incineration by using waste plastic as a supporting agent Energy is being used, and in Germany it is used for blast furnaces in steel mills.

To obtain energy, RDF (refuse derived fuel) mixed with general combustible waste and RPF (refuse plastic fuel) using only waste plastic or crushed pulverization may be used as an alternative fuel for coal or oil boilers.

In the case of the RDF, the calorific value is 4 to 5,000 kW / kg, but the RPF has an efficiency of 10,000 kW / kg or more and is used in kilns of steel mills and cement plants.

At this time, the dioxin generation problem requires less than 3% of the PVC content, but it is in the process of being resolved through continuous research and activation.

The solid raw material waste has a lot of different properties, so the fuel manufacturing process is different, and the RDF process in sorting and drying is somewhat complicated, and the molding conditions must be different.

Recently, research on emulsification using high molecular organic materials has been activated in Korea.

Emulsification technology is expected to reduce the amount of petroleum use and improve the environmental environment such as incineration by using plastic made mainly from petroleum as a product and then reducing the waste plastic back to oil. Due to the problem of the process, it will arise when considering the composition of the waste and the surrounding atmosphere.

There is almost no prior art for the treatment of landfill or incinerated waste plastics produced in Korea, and research on utilization is in progress.

An object of the present invention for solving the above problems is to remove the foreign substances contained in the waste plastics end products incinerated or buried to use as an energy source and to separate the foreign substances contained in the waste plastics to contribute to environmental purification. Developing technology to separate and remove foreign substances contained in waste plastics end products by using screening technology such as specific gravity screening, electrostatic force screening, vibration screening, etc., to improve soil, iron, and nonferrous metals contained in waste plastics The present invention provides a method for separating foreign matter that can be used as a high calorie and high energy raw material by separating and removing as much as possible.

The object of the present invention as described above is to crush and crush the end product to a certain size in order to separate and remove foreign matters and to separate and remove the iron and non-ferrous iron in the magnetic and vortex sorting process, and through the vibration screen waste plastics and soil It is achieved by providing a method for removing foreign matter by separating dust and dust.

1 is a foreign matter separation process diagram of the present invention

2 is a crusher, used in the present invention,

3 is a vortex and magnetic separator used in the present invention,

4 is a vibrating screen sorting apparatus used in the present invention

Figure 5 is a K and G region end products and sorting waste plastic photo.

The present invention to achieve the object as described above and to perform the problem to remove the conventional defects in the waste plastics end products incinerated or buried to dry the foreign matter such as soil, glass, stone, iron, copper, aluminum, etc. In the separation and sorting method,

Crushing and pulverizing the waste plastics with a crusher,

After the step of the step of sorting the iron and non-ferrous iron by vortex and magnetic force from the pulverized waste plastics by using the vortex and magnetic separator,

After the sorting process, characterized in that the dry separation removal method consisting of a step of separating the waste plastics and the soil + dust in the vibration screen device by a vibration action.

The end-use waste plastics include polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), vinyl chloride resin (PVC), phenolic resin (PE), and acrylic. Branches and intensity hues are also different.

In addition, vinyl (resin) and packaging are high molecular organic materials mixed in various forms.

In the treatment step of the above materials, the water and food contained in the hot air are dried by crushing and crushing the complex mixed waste, and then subjected to magnetic and vortex sorting to remove iron and nonferrous metals, and then vibrate. It is a screening method to separate soil, glass, dust, etc. with a screen.

The size of the waste plastics cut during the crushing and crushing process was 4 mm or less, 8 mm or less, and 12 mm or less. As a result, foreign substance removal effect was best when 8 mm or less. However, light organic polymers (vinyl, styrofoam) having a specific gravity 12 mm or less is effective when large amounts are included.

If more non-ferrous metals (copper, aluminum) are included, the larger the crushed pieces are separated, and the higher the magnetic force is required in the vortex magnetic screening process.

Hereinafter, the configuration and the operation of the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 shows the foreign matter separation process of the present invention, the waste plastics crushed and shredded to less than 8㎜ and then transferred to the conveyor belt device to separate and remove the iron and non-ferrous metals (copper, aluminum) in the vortex magnetic separator After the transfer to the vibrating screen device is separated the soil type of powder is showing the process of sorting waste plastics.

The present invention provides a simple process development and separation removal method for the purpose of mass processing in the dry method because the separation and separation method by the wet method has a lot of problems to consider in the economic and environmental dimensions.

Waste plastic, which is an end product, is dried in the process of moving on the conveyor belt, and then crushed and crushed when moved to the crusher, and then moved to the vortex and magnetic separator to separate plastics, soil, iron, and nonferrous metals, respectively.

Waste plastics + soil is a process to reclassify waste plastics and soils through the vibration screen process.

Although there is a difference depending on the type of end products to be treated, the recovery rate of the finally separated waste plastic is more than 95%.

As a result of the recovered plastics industry analysis, it is thought to be added as a filler when manufacturing each product about 5% of ash, and these main components are oxides such as calcium, titanium, aluminum, silicon, and magnesium.

Table 1 Analysis results of waste plastic ash

Ingredient Name Al (%) Ba (%) P (%) Ti (%) Ca (%) Fe (%) K (%) Mg (%) Mn (%) Na (%) Remarks Mixed Waste Plastic 6.11 0.13 1.17 4.04 22.7 3.32 0.80 2.37 0.08 0.72 Si mostly Mixed Waste Vinyls 4.27 0.09 1.49 12.5 36.8 3.90 0.30 2.40 0.05 0.44

Hereinafter will be described the processing and method of waste plastics according to the apparatus used in the method of the present invention.

1) Crushing and grinding of waste plastic

Using a crushing and crushing machine (FIG. 2), the effect of separating and separating foreign materials by digging and pulverizing 4 mm or less, 8 mm or less and 12 mm or less was found to be effective.

However, the light weight polymer organic materials (vinyls, styropols) products are small enough to satisfy the results according to the method of the present invention up to 12 mm.

2) Vortex and Magnetic Separators

In order to separate the iron classification by magnetic force and the non-ferrous metals by vortex, the result of experiment using the sorting machine as shown in FIG. In order to separate the nonferrous metals, it is most preferable to separate the position of the split plate about 5 cm away from the magnetic belt. Of course, the present invention only needs to maintain the separation height of about 3 ~ 10cm.

3) vibrating screen selector

Waste plastics and soil separated from the vortex and the magnetic separator is passed through a vibrating screen screening device (Fig. 4) to separate the waste plastics and soil.

Lighter vinyl and styropol can reduce the distance traveled by larger pieces.

[Table 2] Separation screening results according to the size of crushed and crushed pieces

Piece size Iron classification (%) Waste Plastic (%) Non Ferrous (%) Soil and glass (%) 4 mm or less 100 94 25 95 8 mm or less 100 97 60 95 12 mm or less 100 93 70 85

Hereinafter, the preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described.

<Example>

1) The waste plastic end products (refer to Fig. 5) of K and G areas are crushed and crushed to 8 mm or less and tested through the process as shown in FIG.

In addition, comparing the analysis results of the end product and the separated and sorted waste plastics by the industrial analysis method, it was shown that it is possible to significantly increase the volatile content as shown in Table 4.

[Table 3] Screening result of K and G area

Sample name Iron classification (%) Plastics (%) Non Ferrous (%) Soil (%) Remarks K area 1.54 94.21 0.20 3.70 Soil contains more than 10% of plastics G area 4.90 83.20 2.00 9.60 Soil contains more than 20% of plastics

Table 4 Comparison before and after separation screening by industrial analysis

Sample name Before separation screening After separation screening Ash content (%) Volatile fraction (%) moisture(%) Ash content (%) Volatile fraction (%) moisture(%) K area 8.42 91.2 0.36 3.04 96.5 0.35 G area 20.7 77.8 1.46 4.05 94.5 1.33

The present invention is not limited to the above-described specific preferred embodiments, and various modifications can be made by any person having ordinary skill in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention claimed in the claims. Of course, such changes will fall within the scope of the claims.

The present invention as described above has the advantage that the environmental purification effect is great by establishing a pretreatment process such as separation and separation for thermal recycle and emulsification, and economically high calorific value if the pretreatment process such as separation and separation of foreign matters And there is an advantage that can produce high-quality fuel.

Once again, the effects of the present invention can be solved by separating and sorting the waste plastics produced by a simple physical dry process to solve environmental problems occurring in local governments nationwide. It is an invention which is expected to be used in industry because of the effect that energy can be utilized by the use of oil painting.

Claims (4)

In the method of separating and sorting foreign matters such as soil, glass, stone, iron classification, copper, aluminum from dry plastic incineration or landfill, Crushing and pulverizing the waste plastics with a crusher, After the step of the step of sorting the iron and non-ferrous iron by vortex and magnetic force from the pulverized waste plastics by using the vortex and magnetic separator, The foreign matter separation method included in the waste plastics, characterized in that to remove the foreign matter by a dry separation method consisting of the step of separating the waste plastics and soil + dust in the vibration screen device after the screening process by vibrating action. The method of claim 1, A method for separating foreign matters contained in waste plastics, the method comprising crushing and crushing the waste plastic to 8 mm or less in the process of crushing and crushing the waste plastics with a crusher. The method of claim 1, Characterizing a method for separating the position of the splitter (split) of the sorting machine in the state separated from the magnetic belt 3 ~ 10 cm in the process of sorting the iron and non-ferrous in the crushed waste plastics using the vortex and magnetic separator Separation method of foreign matter contained in waste plastics. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, The waste plastics are one or more wastes selected from the group consisting of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), vinyl chloride resin (PVC), phenol resin (PE), acrylic, vinyl, and the like. Characterized by the foreign matter separation method contained in the waste plastics.