KR20030067405A - Algicidal substance purified from metabolite of marine microorganism - Google Patents
Algicidal substance purified from metabolite of marine microorganism Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
본 발명은 해양미생물의 배양액에서 추출하여 분리정제 한 적조방제 물질에 관한 연구로서 적조생물인C. polykrikoles에 대해 살조활성을 가지는 화합물의 구조는 R(OH)R1OOH로 밝혀졌다. 이 화합물의 화학식에서 R은 탄소수 1∼5개, R1은 탄소수 1개 이상으로 구성되어 있다.The present invention is a study on the red tide control material extracted and purified from the culture of marine microorganisms, the structure of the compound having algicidal activity against C. polykrikoles , a red tide organism was found to be R (OH) R 100 O. In the chemical formula of this compound, R has 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and R 1 has 1 or more carbon atoms.
적조생물 중에서C. polykrikoles종은 매년 남해안에서 동남해안까지 장기간에 걸쳐 발생하여 연안수산어장 및 양식장에 막대한 피해를 입히고 있다 (Kim 등, 1997). 따라서 우리나라 연안에서 다발적으로 발생되는 적조의 실태를 파악하고 적조원인 생물의 생리 및 발생의 원인 등을 규명하여 생태계에 미치는 영향을 최소한으로 하면서 효과적으로 적조를 방제하기 위한 대책이 절실히 필요한 실정이다.Among red tide organisms, C. polykrikoles species occur every year for a long time from the south coast to the southeast coast, causing enormous damage to coastal fisheries and fish farms (Kim et al., 1997). Therefore, it is urgently needed to take measures to effectively control red tide while minimizing the impact on the ecosystem by identifying the current situation of red tide occurring frequently in Korea's coast and identifying the physiology and causes of occurrence of red tide.
해양 생태계에서 적조의 소멸과정은 2∼3일 사이에 급격히 일어나는 성질이 있으며, 이러한 현상은 물리화학적인 요인만으로 설명되어지지 않고 세균 및 균류의 영향, 다른 조류와의 경쟁, 동물 플랑크톤에 의한 포식 등이 적조소멸에 관여하고 있는 것으로 보고되어 있다. 박 (1998)과 김 (1999)은 현장해역의 살조세균이 적조 발생 및 소멸에 깊은 관계가 있다고 보고하였다. 해양세균 중에서 살조세균이 적조소멸에 중요한 역할을 할 것이라 기대되어 적조방제 대책의 일환으로 수행된 연구결과가 보고되어 있으나 (Yoshinaga 등, 1995; Fukami 등, 1997) 물질 규명에 관한 연구는 전무한 실정이다.The disappearance of red tide in marine ecosystems occurs rapidly between two to three days, and this phenomenon is not explained solely by physicochemical factors, but the effects of bacteria and fungi, competition with other algae, predation by zooplankton, etc. It is reported to be involved in this red tide extinction. Park (1998) and Kim (1999) reported that the killing bacteria in the field waters are deeply related to the occurrence and disappearance of red tide. Among the marine bacteria, it is expected that algae bacteria will play an important role in the disappearance of red tide, and the results of research conducted as part of the countermeasures against red tide have been reported (Yoshinaga et al., 1995; Fukami et al., 1997). .
현재까지 적조생물의 방제 및 제어방법에는 황토 및 화학약품 살포, 초음파 및 오존 처리 등 물리화학적 처리법에 의해 시행되고 있지만 대부분 비용이 많이들고 2차적인 해양오염이 우려되어 생물학적인 적조 방제법이 주목받고 있다. 따라서 해양미생물을 이용한 환경친화적인 적조방제법의 개발을 위해서는 분리된 미생물의 생리·생태적 특성과 현장에서의 살조물질의 방제효과를 규명하고 해양미생물의 대사산물 중에서 살조활성을 나타내는 물질을 밝히고, 현장적용을 위한 해양생물에 미치는 영향 등에 관한 연구가 필요한 실정이다.Until now, the control and control of red tide organisms has been carried out by physicochemical treatment methods such as ocher and chemical spraying, ultrasonic and ozone treatment, but most of them are costly and concern about secondary marine pollution. . Therefore, in order to develop environmentally friendly red tide control methods using marine microorganisms, the physiological and ecological characteristics of isolated microorganisms and the control effect of algae on the field are identified, and the substances that show the algae activity among the metabolites of marine microorganisms are applied. For this purpose, research on the impact on marine life is needed.
따라서 본 발명의 주된 목적은 적조방제 물질의 개발로서, 해양미생물의 대사산물에서 적조방제 활성이 높은 물질을 분리정제하여 적외선 분광광도계, 질량분석기 및 핵자기공명분석기로 그 화합물의 구조를 밝히고, 그 물질을 현장에 적용하였을 때 어류, 해조류 및 패류에 대한 안전성을 검토하여 적조방제 물질로서 활용하고자 한다.Therefore, the main object of the present invention is to develop a red tide control material, to isolate and purify a material having high red tide control activity from the metabolite of marine microorganisms, and to reveal the structure of the compound by infrared spectrophotometer, mass spectrometer and nuclear magnetic resonance analyzer, The safety of fish, seaweed and shellfish will be reviewed and applied as a red tide control material when applied to the site.
본 발명에 따르면 적조방제 물질인 R(OH)R1OOH (R은 탄소수 1∼5개, R1은 탄소수 1개 이상으로 구성)은 우리나라 남해 및 동남해안에서 빈번하게 발생되는 세종류의 적조생물 (C. polykrikoles)에 대해 살조활성을 가지고 있기 때문에 신규 적조방제 물질로 제공하는데 있다.According to the present invention, the red tide control material R (OH) R1OOH (R is composed of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R1 is one or more carbon atoms) are three kinds of red tide organisms frequently occurring in the South Sea and Southeast coast of Korea ( C. polykrikoles ) has a bird's eye activity and thus provides a new red tide control material.
도 1은 해양미생물의 대사산물에서 적조방제 물질의 분리과정을 나타낸 것이다.Figure 1 shows the separation process of the red tide control material in the metabolites of marine microorganisms.
도 2는 해양미생물 배양액의 에틸아세테이트 추출물을 얇은층크로마토그래피로 분리하였을 때의 활성획분을 나타낸 것이다.Figure 2 shows the active fraction when the ethyl acetate extract of the marine microbial culture was separated by thin layer chromatography.
도 3은 도 2에서 적조에 대해 살조활성 높은 획분을 고속액체크로마토그래피로 분리한 획분을 나타낸 것이다.FIG. 3 shows a fraction obtained by high performance liquid chromatography, which has a high algae fraction for red tide in FIG. 2.
도 4는 도 3에서 적조에 대해 살조활성 나타내는 획분을 고속액체크로마토그래피로 재분리하여 단일 물질로 정제한 것을 나타내었다.Figure 4 shows that the fraction showing the algae activity against the red tide in Figure 3 was re-separated by high-performance liquid chromatography purified to a single material.
도 5는 정제된 살조물질을 첨가하기 전의Cochlodinium polykrikoles(C. polykrikoles)의 연쇄군체의 형상을 광학현미경으로 나타내었다.FIG. 5 shows the shape of a chain colony of Cochlodinium polykrikoles ( C. polykrikoles ) before adding purified algae using an optical microscope.
도 6은 정제된 살조물질을 첨가하였을 때의C. polykrikoles) 연쇄군체의 사멸에 대한 형태상의 변화를 광학현미경으로 관찰하여 나타내었다.Figure 6 shows the observation of the morphological changes on the death of C. polykrikoles ) chain colony when purified algae were added by optical microscope.
상기의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 발명은 해양미생물 중에서 살조세균의 분리동정 및 배양과 그 대사산물에서 적조방제 물질의 정제 및 구조결정으로 이루어진다.In order to achieve the above object, the present invention consists in the identification and cultivation of algae bacteria in marine microorganisms and the purification and structure determination of the red tide control material in the metabolite thereof.
이하, 본 발명을 보다 상세하게 설명한다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.
본 발명에서C. polykrikoides은 해수에서 분리하여 capillary pippette법과 한계희석법으로 처리한 배양주를 Droop (1967)과 Cottrell와 Suttle (1993)의 방법을 다소 수정하여 세균을 제거한 후, 다시 항생제가 첨가되지 않은 새로운 배지에서 계대배양하였다. 이와 같이 오염미생물이 없는 무균배양주를 모든 실험에 사용하였다.In the present invention, C. polykrikoides was separated from the seawater and treated with the capillary pippette method and the limit dilution method by Droop (1967) and Cottrell and Suttle (1993), and then slightly modified to remove bacteria. Subcultured in fresh medium. Thus, sterile cultures free of contaminating microorganisms were used in all experiments.
본 발명에서 적조를 죽이는 세균 (살조세균)은 해수에서 탐색하여 분리하였으며, 살조활성은 살조세균의 배양액을 대수증식기의C. polykrikoides배양액(1.2×104cell/ml) 100 ml에 일정량 접종하여 최적배양조건(20℃, 광주기 14L:10D, 광량 140 uEm-2s-1)에서 3시간 배양한 후 살조활성을 조사하였다. 살조활성은C. polykrikoides의 생존여부를 광학현미경으로 관찰하여 시간경과에 따른C. polykrikoides의 세포수를 계수하는 분석법으로 측정하였으며, 다음과 같은 식으로 계산하였다. 대조구는 세균 배양액 대신에 동일한 양의 PPES-II의 액체배지를 넣었다.In the present invention, the bacteria (killing bacteria) killing red tide were separated from seawater, and the activity of the killing of algae was optimal by inoculating a certain amount of the culture solution of the killing bacteria in 100 ml of C. polykrikoides culture (1.2 × 10 4 cell / ml) of the logarithmic growth stage. The algae activity was investigated after incubation for 3 hours in the culture conditions (20 ℃, photoperiod 14L: 10D, light quantity 140 uEm -2 s -1 ). The algae activity was measured by the optical microscopy for the survival of C. polykrikoides , and was determined by the method of counting the cell number of C. polykrikoides over time. The control group received the same amount of liquid medium of PPES-II in place of the bacterial culture.
살조활성(%)= (세균배양액을 첨가한 시험구의C. polykrikoides의 세포수)×100/Algal activity (%) = (cell count of C. polykrikoides in test cells added with bacterial culture solution) × 100 /
(대조구의C. polykrikoides의 세포수)(Cell number of C. polykrikoides of control)
살조활성은 대조구의C. polykrikoides의 세포수에 비해 90% 이상 사멸 (+++), 70% 이상 사멸 (++), 50％ 이상 사멸 (+), 영향을 미치지 않음 (-)으로 나타내었다.Algal activity was shown to be 90% or more killed (+++), 70% or more killed (++), 50% or more killed (+), and no effect (-) compared to C. polykrikoides cells. .
이하 실시예를 들어 본 발명을 구체화시키고자 한다. 그러나 본 발명이 하기의 예에만 한정되는 것은 아니다.The following examples are intended to embody the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited only to the following examples.
<실시예 1>C. polykrikoides에 대한 유기용매의 영향Example 1 Effect of Organic Solvents on C. polykrikoides
본 발명에서 살조물질의 추출 및 정제과정에 사용되는 유기용매가 대수증식기의C. polykrikoides에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 48시간 배양한 후, 세포수를 측정하여 그 영향을 표 1에 나타내었다.In order to determine the effect of the organic solvent used in the extraction and purification of algae in the present invention on C. polykrikoides of the logarithmic growth stage , after incubating for 48 hours, the number of cells was measured and the effects are shown in Table 1.
상기의 표 1에서와 같이 아세톤은 10% 농도까지C. polykrikoides에 영향을 미치지 않았으며, 에탄올 및 메탄올은 7% 이하에서, 에틸아세테이트 아세트니트릴은 5% 이하에서 영향을 미치지 않으므로 이 농도범위 내에서 시험구 용액의 제조는 가능하다고 판단되었다.As shown in Table 1, acetone did not affect C. polykrikoides to 10% concentration, ethanol and methanol at 7% or less, ethyl acetate acetonitrile at 5% or less, so within this concentration range It was determined that the preparation of the test sphere solution was possible.
<실시예 2> 해양미생물의 배양액으로부터 살조물질의 정제Example 2 Purification of Algae Substances from a Culture Solution of Marine Microorganisms
해양미생물의 배양액의 살조활성은 배양액의 %(v/v)농도 따라 대수증식기의C. polykrikoides배양액에 살조활성을 배양시간에 따라 측정한 결과를 표 2에 나타내었다.The algae activity of the culture medium of marine microorganisms is shown in Table 2, where the algae activity of the C. polykrikoides culture medium in the logarithmic growth phase was measured according to the culture time according to the% (v / v) of the culture medium.
상기의 표 2에서와 같이 살조세균의 배양액의 1% 용액은 36시간에서 90% 이상C. polykrikoides을 사멸시켰으며, 5% 및 10% 농도에서는 각각 24시간 및 12시간에 90%이상을 사멸시켜 배양액의 농도증가에 따라 적조의 사멸효과는 거의 비례적으로 증가하는 경향을 볼 수 있었다.As shown in Table 2, the 1% solution of the culture solution of the bactericidal bacteria killed 90% or more of C. polykrikoides at 36 hours, and at 5% and 10% concentrations, at least 90% at 24 and 12 hours, respectively. As the concentration of the medium increased, the killing effect of the red tide increased almost in proportion.
본 발명에서는 이 배양액으로부터 살조물질을 분리·정제하여 위하여 먼저 에틸아세테이트로 추출하여 에틸아세테이트 획분과 물의 획분으로 분리하였으며, 그 분리·정제과정은 도 1에 나타내었다.In the present invention, in order to separate and purify the algae material from the culture solution, the mixture was first extracted with ethyl acetate and separated into ethyl acetate fraction and water fraction, and the separation and purification process is shown in FIG. 1.
두 획분 중에서C. polykrikoides에 대한 살조활성은 에틸아세테이트 획분에서 높았으며, 물의 획분에서는 나타나지 않아 표 3에서와 같이 에틸아세테이트 획분의 농도에 따른 살조활성을 측정하였다.The algal activity of C. polykrikoides among the two fractions was higher in the ethyl acetate fraction and was not shown in the water fraction, and the algal activity according to the concentration of ethyl acetate fraction was measured as shown in Table 3.
적조C. polykrikoides는 500 ug/ml 및 167 ug/ml농도에서 각각 3시간 및 9시간 배양하였을 경우, 90% 이상이 사멸되었으며, 56 ug/ml농도에서는 12시간에서 50%가 사멸되었다.Red tide C. polykrikoides was killed more than 90% at 500 ug / ml and 167 ug / ml concentrations for 3 hours and 9 hours, respectively. At 56 ug / ml, 12 to 50% were killed.
에틸아세테이트 추출물을 얇은막크로마토그래피로 분리한 결과는 표 4에서와 같이 6개의 획분으로 분리되었으며, 각 획분의 농도를 167 ug/ml로 하여 12시간 배양해서 측정한 살조활성은 용리획분 0.40에서 90% 이상을 나타내었다.The ethyl acetate extract was separated by thin layer chromatography, and the results were separated into six fractions as shown in Table 4. The algal activity measured by incubating for 12 hours at 167 ug / ml concentration of each fraction was 0.4 to 90. % Or more.
상기의 살조활성 획분(0.40)의 농도에 따른 살조활성을 측정한 결과는 표 5에 나타내었다.Table 5 shows the results of measuring the algae activity according to the concentration of the algae active fraction (0.40).
적조에 대한 살조활성은 획분농도가 56 ug/ml에서 6시간, 19 ug/ml에서 12시간 배양하였을 때 모두 90% 이상을 사멸시켰으며, 6 ug/ml농도는 12시간에서도 살조활성이 나타나지 않았다.Algal activity against red tide abolished more than 90% when the fraction concentrations were incubated at 56 ug / ml for 6 hours and at 19 ug / ml for 12 hours. .
얇은막크로마토그래피에서의 분획물 중에서 살조활성을 갖는 획분은 고속액체크로마토그래피를 사용하여 분리한 결과, 도 2와 같이 나타났으며, 용리시간 9분에서 가장 높은 살조활성을 나타내었다. 이 획분은 다시 동일한 고속액체크로마토그래피에서 재분리하여 단일 획분을 얻었으며, 살조활성은 표 6에 나타내었다.Fractions having algal activity among the fractions in the thin layer chromatography were separated using high-performance liquid chromatography, as shown in FIG. 2 and showed the highest algal activity at the elution time of 9 minutes. This fraction was again separated by the same high performance liquid chromatography to obtain a single fraction, and the algicidal activity is shown in Table 6.
고속액체크로마토그래피에서 분리된 최종획분의 농도에 따른 살조활성은 33ug/ml에서 3시간 배양하였을 때 90% 이상 사멸되었으며, 3.7 ug/ml에서도 12시간에서 90% 이상이 사멸된다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 정제된 살조물질이C. polykrikoldes에 미치는 영향을 광학현미경으로 관찰한 결과, 살조물질을 첨가하기 전의C. polykrikoldes(도 5)은 살조물질의 첨가 후 (도 6)에 연쇄군체를 형성한 유영세포가 그 고유의 형태를 상실하여 구형으로 변하면서 세포벽의 파열에 의하여 사멸되는 것을 알 수 있었다.The algal activity according to the concentration of the final fraction separated by high performance liquid chromatography was killed more than 90% when incubated for 3 hours at 33ug / ml, 90% or more was killed at 12 hours even at 3.7 ug / ml. As a result of observing the effect of purified algae on C. polykrikoldes , C. polykrikoldes before the addition of algae (Fig. 5) is a stream cell forming a chain colony after the addition of the algae (Fig. 6). Was found to be killed by the rupture of the cell wall while losing its original form and turning into a spherical shape.
따라서 본 발명에서는 최종적으로 정제된 획분이C. polykrikoides외에 다른 적조생물에 대한 살조활성을 측정한 결과는 표 7에 나타내었다.Therefore, in the present invention, the result of measuring the algae activity against the red algae in addition to C. polykrikoides finally purified fraction is shown in Table 7.
적조생물Gymnodinium sanguineum및Gyrodinium impudicum은Cochlodinium polykrikoldes과 같이 3.7 ug/ml농도에서 12시간 배양하였을 때 90% 이상이 사멸되었다. 따라서 세 종류의 주요 적조생물종에 대해 살조활성을 나타내기 때문에 적조방지제로서 매우 유용할 것으로 기대된다.More than 90% of red algae Gymnodinium sanguineum and Gyrodinium impudicum were killed when incubated with Cochlodinium polykrikoldes for 12 hours at 3.7 ug / ml. Therefore, it is expected to be very useful as an anti-red tide agent because it shows algal activity against three major red tide species.
<실시예 3> 살조물질의 구조분석Example 3 Structural Analysis of Algae Substances
액체크로마토그래피에서 분리된 단일 획분의 구조는 질량분석기, 적외선분광광도계, 핵자기공명을 이용하여 확인한 결과 아래와 같은 화학식을 가지는 것을 알 수 있었다.The structure of single fraction separated by liquid chromatography was confirmed by mass spectrometer, infrared spectrophotometer and nuclear magnetic resonance.
해양미생물의 대사산물에서 분리정제된Cochlodinium polykrikoldes에 대한 살조물질의 화학식은 R(OH)R1OOH이며, 여기서 R은 1∼5개 범위의 탄소수, R1은 1개 이상의 탄소수를 갖는 물질로 밝혀졌다.The chemical formula of the algae for Cochlodinium polykrikoldes isolated from the metabolites of marine microorganisms is R (OH) R10OOH, where R is in the range of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and R1 is one or more carbon atoms.
<실시예 4> 해양생물에 미치는 영향Example 4 Effect on Marine Life
본 발명에서 동정된 해양미생물의 배양액을 넙치 사육수에 10% 투여하였을 경우, 어류에 대한 뚜렷한 이상 증세는 보이지 않았으며, 사망에 이르는 경우는 전혀 없었다.When 10% of the culture medium of the marine microorganisms identified in the present invention was administered to the flounder stocks, no obvious abnormalities were observed in the fish, and no deaths occurred.
본 발명에 따르면 매년 남해안 및 동남해안에 발생되 주요 적조생물은Cochlodinium polykrikoldes, Gymnodinium sanguineum및Gyrodinium impudicum로서 연안어장 및 양식장에 막대한 영향을 미치고 있으며, 현재 적조생물을 효과적으로 방제하면서 해양생물의 안전성을 확보할 수 있는 적조방제 물질이 전무한 실정에 있다. 본 발명에서 해양미생물 배양액으로부터 분리·정제하여 구조가 확인된 적조방제 물질은 해양생물에 영향을 주지 않고 주요 적조종에 대해 살조활성을 내고 있기 때문에 적조방제 물질로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.According to the present invention, the major red tide creatures that occur every year on the South and Southeast coasts are Cochlodinium polykrikoldes, Gymnodinium sanguineum, and Gyrodinium impudicum , which have a huge impact on coastal fisheries and farms. There is no red tide control material which there is. In the present invention, the red tide control material whose structure is confirmed by separating and purifying from the marine microbial culture medium is expected to be used as a red tide control material because it produces algae activity against the main red tide without affecting the marine life.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4840658A (en) * | 1986-03-14 | 1989-06-20 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Algicidal composition |
| JPH0616504A (en) * | 1992-07-01 | 1994-01-25 | New Japan Chem Co Ltd | Method for controlling red tide plankton |
| JPH07118206A (en) * | 1993-10-26 | 1995-05-09 | Kaiyo Bio Technol Kenkyusho:Kk | Novel chemical substance |
| US6071859A (en) * | 1996-04-15 | 2000-06-06 | New Japan Chemical Co., Ltd. | Red tide eliminating composition and method for getting rid of red tide |
| KR20020003679A (en) * | 2000-06-26 | 2002-01-15 | 이홍대 | Red Tide Preventing Material |
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2002
- 2002-02-08 KR KR1020020007582A patent/KR20030067405A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4840658A (en) * | 1986-03-14 | 1989-06-20 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Algicidal composition |
| JPH0616504A (en) * | 1992-07-01 | 1994-01-25 | New Japan Chem Co Ltd | Method for controlling red tide plankton |
| JPH07118206A (en) * | 1993-10-26 | 1995-05-09 | Kaiyo Bio Technol Kenkyusho:Kk | Novel chemical substance |
| US6071859A (en) * | 1996-04-15 | 2000-06-06 | New Japan Chemical Co., Ltd. | Red tide eliminating composition and method for getting rid of red tide |
| KR20020003679A (en) * | 2000-06-26 | 2002-01-15 | 이홍대 | Red Tide Preventing Material |
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