KR20030059043A - The measuring equipments and methodology of the dynamic relative displacement between wheels and rail for railway vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A measuring device of a relative displacement between a wheel and a rail and a method of the same are provided to exactly measure the skew movement of a whole vehicle at a real time by optically measuring. CONSTITUTION: A sensor fixing device is installed in a bearing cap(15a) through a combining member. The bearing cap forms a trolley portion(12) of a vehicle. An optical sensor device irradiates circular beam or straight beam to the surface of a rail(10) at regular cycles according to the characteristic of the vehicle and receives the reflected beams by installing in the sensor fixing device. A signal processing device calculates a relative displacement between a wheel(14) and the rail by analyzing signals after separating the signals having the same cycle as the irradiated beams from the received signal of the optical sensor device.

Description

Apparatus and method for measuring relative displacement of wheels and rails in rolling stock {The measuring equipments and methodology of the dynamic relative displacement between wheels and rail for railway vehicle}

The present invention is to measure the relative position of the object running along the continuous track, and more specifically, it is possible to measure the relative displacement of the vehicle moving along a certain rail, such as a railway vehicle by an optical method, which is a non-contact method The present invention relates to a relative displacement measuring device for a wheel and a rail in a railway vehicle, and a measuring method thereof.

In general, in the case of a railway vehicle, the vehicle travels on a rail that is already installed. At this time, the wheel and the rail move relative to each other, and the wheel and the rail move relative to each other in three dimensions.

Particularly, the displacement in the lateral direction is shown to be the greatest among them, and the lateral displacement of the wheels and rails in the railway vehicle is a factor that greatly affects the stability such as vibration characteristics, wear characteristics, meandering characteristics, and derailment of the vehicle. Therefore, it is very important to measure the relative displacement accurately and apply it to the design periodically.

Thus, as a device for measuring the lateral displacement of the wheel and rail in a railway vehicle, there exists a technique disclosed by the domestic patent publication 0238732 (registration 1999.10.15), for example.

As can be seen in the publication, the technique includes a stationary plate fastened inside the frame of the bogie, a transverse displacement measuring device provided at the end of the stationary plate, and exposed from the cover of the measuring device to the outside of the wheel. It consists of a measuring pin in contact with the rim, a rod in contact with the end of the measuring pin to transmit its movement, and a dial gauge for measuring the displacement of the rod.

Therefore, if the displacement occurs in the wheel as the vehicle runs, the measuring pin moves to the outside or the inside of the wheel by the displacement direction, and the movement is transmitted to the rod and the displacement can be measured by the dial gauge. have.

However, since the railroad vehicle travels at high speed and its measurement environment is also very poor, even a one-dimensional measurement is difficult due to limitations in response speed and precision with a contact method using a dial gauge as in the related art.

In addition, since many related parts and devices are installed near the wheels of railroad cars, it is difficult to install a device for measuring displacement.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an optical method by means of an optical sensor provided in each bogie for the relative displacement of a wheel and a rail of a vehicle continuously running along a predetermined track. The present invention provides a relative displacement measuring device for a wheel and a rail in a railway vehicle and a method for measuring the same in order to accurately measure a meandering motion characteristic of an entire vehicle in real time.

Another object of the present invention is not to affect other parts or equipment existing in the vicinity of the wheel, as well as to measure the relative displacement of the wheel and rail in a railway vehicle with a very easy and small volume, and a measuring method thereof To provide.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a figure for demonstrating the relative displacement measuring apparatus of the wheel and rail in the railway vehicle which concerns on this invention.

2 is a schematic side view of a state in which the relative displacement measuring device is installed in FIG. 1;

3 is a conceptual diagram showing a state for measuring the meandering motion characteristics of a railway vehicle using a relative displacement measuring apparatus according to the present invention,

4 is a schematic configuration diagram of an optical sensor for measuring relative displacement using circular light according to the present invention;

5 is a schematic configuration diagram of an optical sensor for measuring relative displacement using linear light according to the present invention;

6 is a flowchart illustrating a process of processing an output by an optical sensor in a relative displacement measuring apparatus according to the present invention;

7 is a graph showing signal components in the process of processing the output by the optical sensor in the relative displacement measurement apparatus according to the present invention,

8 is a graph showing the output by the optical sensor when using the circular light in the relative displacement measurement apparatus according to the present invention.

<Description of Symbols for Main Parts of Drawings>

10: Rail 11: Vehicle

12: balance 13: axle

14: wheel 15: shaft

15a: bearing cap 16: side frame

17: fastening member 17a: adjustment screw

18: fixing member 18a: body

18b: flange 18c: sensor fixing

19: optical sensor 20: laser generator

21: Modulator 22: Directional Coupler

23: convex lens 24: collimator

25 photodiode 26 cylindrical lens

30: amplifier 31: section pass filter unit

32: DC component removing unit 33: AC component size determining unit

34: relative displacement determiner

A feature of the present invention for achieving the above objects is a device for measuring the relative displacement of the wheel and the rail in a vehicle traveling along the rail of the railway, the fastening member to the bearing cap constituting the vehicle bogie A sensor fixing means mounted to the sensor fixing means, the optical sensor means mounted on the sensor fixing means to irradiate the surface of the rail with circular or linear light at regular intervals according to the characteristics of the vehicle, and to receive the reflected beam; And separating the signals having the same period as the beam irradiated to the surface of the rail from the signal received by the optical sensor means, and then analyzing these signals to calculate the relative displacement of the wheel and the rail.

In addition, another aspect of the present invention is a method for measuring the relative displacement of the wheel and the rail in a vehicle traveling along the rail of the railway, the form of changing the amount of light with a constant period of the continuous beam emitted from the laser generator Modulating the modulated beam into two paths, adjusting any one of the divided beams to an appropriate size, and creating parallel light so that the beam does not spread and a part of the surface of the rail. Irradiating to and separating signals having the same period from the beam irradiated to the surface of the rail and the reflected beam, and analyzing these signals to calculate the relative displacement of the wheel and the rail. .

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

First, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the vehicle 11 traveling along the rail 10 of the railway has a trolley portion 12 before and after, and the trolley portion 12 has an axle ( The wheels 14 attached to both sides of the 13 and the axle box 15 holding the axle 13 are connected by side frames 16.

In addition, a bearing cap 15a is mounted on the shaft 15, and the bearing cap 15a is provided with a device for measuring the relative displacement of the wheel 14 and the rail 10 in the lateral direction.

The device is largely mounted on the bearing cap 15a as a fastening member 17 and is mounted on the fastening member 18 to irradiate a beam to the surface of the rail 10 and simultaneously. An optical sensor 19 for receiving the reflected beam, and means for calculating and processing the relative displacement of the wheel 14 and the rail 10 in accordance with the signal of the optical sensor 19.

The fixing member 18 is formed by integrally forming a flange 18b and a sensor fixing part 18c on the upper and lower sides of the body 18a, and the flange 18b is a fastening member 17 such as a bolt. Is mounted to the bearing cap 15a, and is configured to receive the optical sensor 19 in a sensor fixing portion 18c which is formed to be inclined downwardly from the body 18a.

The optical sensor 19 has a laser generator 20 for continuously emitting a beam as shown in FIG. 4, and the beam emitted from the laser generator 20 has a constant period by the modulator 21. It has a directional coupler 22 that modulates the amount of light changes and divides the beam received from the modulator 21 into two paths.

In addition, the convex lens 23 for adjusting one of the beams irradiated by the directional coupler 22 to an appropriate size and parallel light so as not to spread the beam from the convex lens 23 and at the same time a part of the rail ( 10 is provided with a collimator 24 for irradiating the surface of the directional coupler 22, the directional coupler 22 receives the other of the irradiated beam and at the same time detect the amount of light reflected from the surface of the rail (10) It consists of a photodiode (25).

Here, the collimator 24 is used to measure the relative displacement of the wheel 14 and the rail 10 using circular light, and when using the linear light as shown in FIG. Can be used in place of the cylindrical lens 26.

The signal processing means has an amplifier 30 for amplifying the signal output from the photodiode 25, and the beam irradiated to the surface of the rail 10 from the amplified signal. A section pass filter 31 is provided for extracting only signals of components having the same frequency.

In addition, a direct current component removing unit 32 for removing a direct current component generated by environmental changes or electrical factors around the surface of the rail 10 or around the photodiode 25 from the amplified signal, and the direct current component. AC component size determining unit 33 for calculating the difference between the minimum and maximum values of the removed AC component and the relative displacement determining unit for determining the relative displacement of the wheel 14 and the rail 10 using the difference value. It consists of 34.

On the other hand, the optical sensor means configured as described above, is mounted so that the position can be adjusted in the vertical direction from the sensor fixing portion (18c) provided in the fixing member 18 is configured to adjust the size of the circular light or linear light, For this, for example, the adjustment screw 17a or the like may be used to allow the sensor fixing portion 18c to be moved up and down in a fine direction, and thus detailed description thereof will be omitted.

In addition, as shown in Fig. 3, the optical sensor means is mounted on four bearing caps 15a of the trolley portion 12 arranged before and after the vehicle 11, and the result of the optical sensor 19 is obtained. By collecting at the same time, it is possible to more accurately grasp the meandering motion characteristics of the vehicle 11.

That is, the light sensor 19 is installed at both front and rear sides of each vehicle 11 to grasp the overall meandering motion characteristic of the vehicle 11. The meandering motion is a lateral vibration of the vehicle 11 in front of the vehicle 11. It is propagated to the vehicle 11 at the rear and the degree is increased in the vehicle 11 at the rear, and if it is too severe, there is a risk of derailment, and even a small amount adversely affects the passenger's riding comfort, The meandering motion characteristics can be measured by simultaneously collecting signals output from the photosensors 19 attached to each vehicle 11 and grasping the relative displacements of the wheels 14 and the rails 10 for each.

According to the present invention constructed as described above, first, when the relative displacement between the wheel 14 and the rail 10 is to be measured using circular light as shown in FIG. 4, the continuous light emitted from the laser generator 20 is used. As the beam passes through the modulator 21, the light is converted into a form in which the quantity of light is changed at regular intervals. In order to eliminate the influence on the continuous beam, the continuous beam is modulated into a beam having a certain period.

The beam whose light quantity changes with the constant period is divided into two paths while passing through the directional coupler 22, and one of the divided beams passes through the convex lens 23 to adjust the size of the beam to an appropriate size. After the parallel light is made to pass through the collimator 24 so that the beam does not spread, about half of it is irradiated to the surface of the rail 10.

Here, the surface of the rail 10 varies depending on the characteristics of the wheels 14, but only about 70% of the rails 14 come into contact with the wheels 14, so that the areas having excellent reflection characteristics become areas in contact with the wheels 14, and Since the wheel 14 moves approximately 20 mm laterally on the rail 10, the size of the beam reaching the surface of the rail 10 should be larger than the transverse displacement, and the beam may be located in an area having excellent reflection characteristics. It should not be set too big so that

In general, considering the movement of the wheel 14 and the rail 10, the size of the beam reaching the surface of the rail 10 is most preferably set so that the radius is approximately 30 mm.

A portion of the beam reaching the surface of the rail 10 is reflected and then incident on the photodiode 25 via the collimator 24, the convex lens 23 and the directional coupler 22, and the photodiode 25. In the present invention, the amount of light reflected from the surface of the rail 10 is measured and output to the signal processing means.

In addition, in the case of measuring the relative displacement of the wheel and the rail using the linear light as shown in Figure 5, it is almost similar to the configuration of measuring the relative displacement using the circular light, but instead of the collimator 24 cylindrical lens 26 It consists of). The cylindrical lens 26 has a function of linearly converting a beam made of a suitable size while passing through the convex lens 23, and is set so that its length is about 30 mm from the surface of the rail 10.

In this case as well, as described above, part of the beam reaching the surface of the rail 10 is reflected and incident again into the photodiode 25 via the cylindrical lens 26, the convex lens 23 and the directional coupler 22. In the photodiode 25, the amount of light reflected from the surface of the rail 10 is measured and output to the signal processing means.

On the other hand, in the signal processing means as shown in Figure 6, since the signal output from the photodiode 25 is small, to pass through the amplifier 30 to facilitate the signal processing in the subsequent processing, this amplified signal is a section While passing through the pass filter unit 31, only the signal having the same frequency as the beam irradiated to the surface of the rail 10 is extracted, and this signal is the environment of the surface of the rail 10 or the photodiode 25. In order to cancel the effect of the noise caused by the change is passed through the DC component remover 32. Since the beam irradiated on the surface of the rail 10 was irradiated with varying the amount of light at regular intervals, the result analysis except for the DC component Only the AC component is used to process the signal.

7 shows the above process, the beam incident on the rail 10 in the drawing does not have a direct current component but only an alternating current component. However, the amplifier 30 is driven by various environmental and electrical factors. Since the passed signal appears in the form of the sum of the DC component and the AC component, only the AC component is extracted from the signal and used to determine the relative displacement.

In addition, the AC component size determining unit 33 calculates the difference between the minimum value and the maximum value of the AC component from which the DC component has been removed, and uses the value to determine the wheel 14 and the rail in the relative displacement determining unit 34. The relative displacement of (10) is determined.

The method of determining the relative displacement is that when the relative displacement between the wheel 14 and the rail 10 changes in the case of linear light, the value of the output signal also changes linearly in proportion to the relative displacement. 14) and the AC component of the signal output as the relative displacement of the rail 10 changes non-linearly, a representative output of circular light according to the relative displacement of the wheel 14 and the rail 10 in Figure 8 The signal was shown.

Although the above-described embodiments have been described with respect to the most preferred examples of the present invention, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention.

As described above, according to the apparatus for measuring the relative displacement of the wheel and the rail and the measuring method thereof in the railway vehicle according to the present invention, the light is provided in each bogie for the relative displacement of the wheel and the rail of the vehicle traveling along the rail. By measuring by the optical method by the sensor, it is possible to accurately measure and analyze the meandering motion characteristics of the entire vehicle in real time, it is possible to further improve the stability due to the ride comfort or derailment risk of the railway vehicle.

In addition, the structure of the device itself is simple and very easy to install, as well as not affecting other parts or equipment existing near the wheel.

Claims (9)

As a device for measuring the relative displacement of the wheel and the rail in a vehicle traveling along the rail of the railway, Sensor fixing means mounted on the bearing cap 15a constituting the trolley portion 12 of the vehicle 11 as the fastening member 17; An optical sensor means installed in the sensor fixing means to irradiate the surface of the rail 10 with circular or linear light at regular intervals according to the characteristics of the vehicle 11 and to receive the reflected beam; After separating the signals having the same period as the beam irradiated to the surface of the rail 10 from the signal received by the optical sensor means, and analyzing these signals to calculate the relative displacement of the wheel 14 and the rail 10 Relative displacement measurement device for a wheel and a rail in a railway vehicle, characterized in that the signal processing means for. The method of claim 1, wherein the sensor fixing means, the flange 18b and the sensor fixing portion 18c are formed integrally on the upper and lower sides of the body 18a constituting the fixing member 18, the flange ( 18b) is mounted to the bearing cap 15a by a fastening member 17 such as a bolt, and is configured to receive an optical sensor means in the sensor fixing portion 18c. Relative displacement measuring device for rails. The method of claim 1, wherein the optical sensor means, A laser generator 20 for continuously emitting a beam, A modulator 21 for modulating the beam emitted from the laser generator 20 into a form in which the amount of light changes with a constant period; A directional coupler 22 for dividing the beam received from the modulator 21 into two paths; A convex lens 23 for adjusting one of the beams irradiated from the directional coupler 22 to an appropriate size; A collimator 24 which makes parallel light so that the beam from the convex lens 23 does not spread, and irradiates a part of the beam to the surface of the rail 10; In the railroad vehicle characterized in that it comprises a photodiode 25 for receiving the other of the beams irradiated from the directional coupler 22 and at the same time detects the light amount of the beam reflected from the surface of the rail (10) Relative displacement measuring device for wheels and rails. The method of claim 1, wherein the optical sensor means, A laser generator 20 for continuously emitting a beam, A modulator 21 for modulating the beam emitted from the laser generator 20 into a form in which the amount of light changes with a constant period; A directional coupler 22 for dividing the beam received from the modulator 21 into two paths; A convex lens 23 for adjusting one of the beams irradiated from the directional coupler 22 to an appropriate size; A cylindrical lens 26 for producing parallel light so that the beam from the convex lens 23 does not spread, and irradiating a part of the beam onto the surface of the rail 10; In the railroad vehicle characterized in that it comprises a photodiode 25 for receiving the other of the beams irradiated from the directional coupler 22 and at the same time detects the light amount of the beam reflected from the surface of the rail (10) Relative displacement measuring device for wheels and rails. 5. The optical sensor means according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the optical sensor means is mounted so that the position adjustment can be made in the vertical direction from the sensor fixing portion 18c provided in the fixing member 18. Relative displacement measurement device for wheels and rails in a railway vehicle, characterized in that the size can be adjusted. 6. The light sensor means according to claim 5, wherein the optical sensor means is mounted on four bearing caps 15a of the trolley portion 12 arranged before and after each vehicle 11 to measure the meandering motion of the vehicle 11. A relative displacement measurement device for wheels and rails in a railway vehicle, characterized in that the railroad car is provided. The method of claim 1, wherein the signal processing means, An amplifier 30 for amplifying the signal output from the photodiode 25 so as to be processed; A section pass filter unit 31 for extracting only a signal having a component having the same frequency as the beam irradiated to the surface of the rail 10 from the amplified signal; DC component removal unit 32 for removing the DC component generated by the environmental change and electrical factors around the surface of the rail 10 or the photodiode 25 in the signal, An AC component size determiner 33 for calculating a difference between a minimum value and a maximum value of the AC component from which the DC component is removed; A relative displacement measuring device for a wheel and a rail in a railway vehicle, comprising a relative displacement determining unit (34) which determines a relative displacement between the wheel (14) and the rail (10) using the difference value. As a method for measuring the relative displacement of a wheel and a rail in a vehicle traveling along a rail of a railway, Modulating the continuous beam emitted from the laser generator 20 into a form in which the amount of light varies with a constant period; Dividing the modulated beam into two paths, Adjusting any one of the divided beams to an appropriate size and simultaneously irradiating the surface of the rail 10 with a portion of the parallel light to prevent the beam from spreading; After separating the signals having the same period from the beam irradiated to the surface of the rail 10 and the reflected beam, and analyzing these signals to calculate the relative displacement of the wheel 14 and the rail 10 A method of measuring relative displacement between a wheel and a rail in a railroad car, wherein the wheel and rail are in a railroad car. The method of claim 8, wherein the calculating of the relative displacement comprises: Amplifying a signal output from the photodiode 25 for detecting the light amount of the beam reflected from the surface of the rail 10; Extracting only a signal having a component having the same frequency as the beam irradiated to the surface of the rail 10 from the amplified signal and simultaneously removing a DC component; Calculating a difference between a minimum value and a maximum value of the AC component; And determining the relative displacement of the wheel (14) and the rail (10) using the difference value.