KR20030035206A - Method for Chemical Synthesis of Various Shaped Nanomaterials Including Spheres, Rods, and Stars - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: Provided is a chemical synthesis method of inorganic nanocrystals with various patterns of sphere, stick and star which adjusts crystal structure and crystal growth speed so that it allows nano structures to be synthesized selectively. CONSTITUTION: The chemical synthesis method of the inorganic nanocrystals with various patterns of sphere, stick and star comprises the steps of: (i) dissolving a single precursor in an appropriate organic solvent, adding the solution to a single stabilized ligand and adjusting appropriate reaction temperature to keep specific crystal structure; and (ii) in order to select crystal growth speed, adding the precursor with nanocrystal structure to the ligand and then reacting for constant time.

Description

Method for Chemical Synthesis of Various Shaped Nanomaterials Including Spheres, Rods, and Stars}

The present invention relates to the formation and application of anisotropic nanocrystals using pyrolysis of single precursors, and more particularly, to determine suitable precursors by controlling the shape of nanocrystals, By controlling the concentration and the like, anisotropic growth of crystals having different surface energies is induced, and also by controlling the crystal structure and crystal growth rate of nanocrystals, various other forms, i. The present invention relates to a method for selectively preparing nanorods, nano cramps, triangular nanorods, quadrangular nanorods, and nano pencils, and their applications.

Unlike the bulk materials, nanocrystals have unique optical, electrical, magnetic, and catalytic properties whose properties change depending on their size and shape. Therefore, many efforts have been made to develop nanoparticle synthesis methods. Anisotropic nanocrystals are expected to provide breakthroughs in the silicon semiconductor industry and metal thin film magnetic recording media that have already reached their limit due to their unique properties. For example, semiconductor nanorods have energy levels that are quantized along the direction and continuous energy levels simultaneously, so that the resulting change in emission color, large stoke shift, polarization, and nonlinear properties are used. Therefore, it is expected that it will cause a very large industrial influence such as nonlinear optical material, which is recognized as an important material for new light emitting devices and lasers, and magnetic nanorods have a large anisotropy constant depending on the shape, thereby increasing coercive force. It is getting a lot of attention as a terra class ultra-high density nano storage medium. Synthesis of such anisotropic nanocrystals has been conventionally synthesized using lithography, gas-liquid-solid growth method using a catalyst (Acc. Chem. Res. 1999, 32, 435.) mainly using expensive equipment, but recently, It has been found that phase synthesis is possible. However, there were many difficulties due to the lack of a way to easily control the size and shape of the nanocrystals. Recently, it has been found by Alivisatos et al that anisotropic CdSe nanocrystals can be synthesized using binary stabilized ligands of dimethyl cadmium and trioctylphosphine at high temperatures (Nature 2000, 404, 59 .; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 12700.), this method is not only limited to certain materials, but also because of the use of dangerous and air sensitive reagents, the need for an inert atmosphere, the use of binary stabilizing ligands, and the need for high temperature conditions. There are still many difficulties to make controlled synthesis.

Unlike the conventional manufacturing method having the above problems, the present inventors can easily synthesize various types of nanocrystals including anisotropic nanorods in a large amount in air using a single precursor and a single stabilizing ligand (stabilizer). The study of the new method has completed the present invention.

Therefore, the object of the present invention

First, to provide a manufacturing method that can easily mass-produce various types of nanocrystals,

Second, to provide the main factors that control the shape of the nanocrystals and to make it possible to control the shape of most of the crystals,

Third, the present invention provides nanoparticles to various industrial fields (including optical devices, information storage media, photocatalysts, bioapplications, and the like).

1 is a schematic diagram of the formation conditions of various types of semiconductor nanocrystals using a single stabilizing ligand.

2 is a transmission electron micrograph of the synthesized CdS semiconductor nanorod according to the precursor concentration [(a) 30mg, (b) 50mg, (c) 300mg].

3 is an electron micrograph of the change of shape of nanocrystals with crystal growth temperature [(a) 1-dimensional nanorod ?? (b) nano cramps and triangles, (c) square legs].

4 is a high resolution electron micrograph of a nano cramp.

5 is an electron micrograph of (C) 50 mg, (b) 100 mg, (c) 300 mg of CdS nanocrystals with varying concentrations of precursors at low temperatures.

6 is a schematic diagram of the shape change of CdS nano-semiconductor according to the crystal growth conditions.

7 is a transmission electron micrograph of (a) nanorods, (b) nanospheres of cobalt magnetic nanocrystals.

8 is a schematic diagram of the morphology change of cobalt nanocrystals with changing crystal growth conditions.

9 is a transmission electron micrograph of the synthesized MnS magnetic semiconductor nanocrystals [(a) pruned nanowire, (b) nano cramp, (c) triangular bridge, (d) square bridge, (e) nanosphere, (f ) Nano Cube].

10 is a schematic diagram of the shape change of the MnS magnetic semiconductor nanocrystals with the change of crystal growth conditions.

11 is a transmission electron micrograph of the synthesized PbS nanoparticles [(a) nano cross (b) nano star (c) nano cube]

12 shows absorption and emission spectra of synthesized MnS nanocrystals ((a) nanospheres, (b) nanowires).

The present invention is a method for synthesizing nanocrystals using solution phase synthesis,

Dissolving the predetermined single precursor for nanocrystal synthesis in a suitable organic solvent and injecting the solution into a predetermined stabilizer to adjust the reaction temperature to a predetermined reaction temperature so as to have a specific crystal structure and pyrolyze it;

The method of synthesizing nanocrystals capable of selecting various shapes and sizes of crystals by selecting a desired crystal growth rate and performing a reaction for a predetermined time by injecting the precursor of the nanocrystal with the crystal structure selected at a predetermined concentration. Include.

1 is a schematic diagram of forming various types of nanocrystals using a single stabilizing ligand of the present invention. The crystal structure of early growth nuclei causes a difference in surface energy between faces in crystal growth. For example, in the case of hexagonal dense structure, the (001) plane has a larger surface energy than other surfaces, and in the case of cubic dense structure, {111}, and in the rock salt structure, the {100} plane has a larger surface energy. Will have Therefore, as the crystal structure of the initial growth nucleus is controlled, the crystal growth rate of each surface is controlled.In the kinetic dominant growth region, the activation energy of the surface with large surface energy is small and the growth in the direction of the surface is promoted. As a result, they have various asymmetrical structures. For example, in the case of hexagonal dense structure, the growth to the (001) plane is faster than that of other planes, causing rod-shaped nanocrystals. However, these nanocrystals induce spherical nanocrystals in which the surface area is minimized relative to volume in order to reduce the overall surface energy in the thermodynamic dominant growth region. Similarly, in the case of cubic dense structure and rock salt structure, various forms including rods are caused by asymmetrical growth in the kinetic dominant growth region, and spherical or cubic nanocrystals are induced by symmetrical growth in thermodynamic dominant growth. Let's do it.

As described above, in the synthesis method of the present invention, nanocrystal structures and crystals are used to determine the reaction temperature, the concentration of the precursor, the reaction time, and the type of the stabilizer to control various forms and sizes of crystals from a single precursor through solution phase synthesis. By determining the growth rate as a factor and establishing their proper conditions determined by specific experiments, nanocrystals having a desired crystal shape and size can be obtained. Therefore, it is possible to selectively synthesize various crystals of nanospheres, nanocubes, nanostars, nano cubes, nanorods, nanocracks, nano triangle legs, nano square legs, and nano pencils according to the conditions applied from a single precursor. .

The single precursor material applicable to the present invention does not require limitation to a specific material as long as it is a material that is pyrolyzed to form a nanocrystalline structure. However, it is preferable that the precursor be pyrolyzed at low temperature (100-300 ° C.), easily dissolved in an organic solvent, and easily removeable of additional products. Examples of the precursors satisfying such requirements may include semiconductor compounds or organometallic compounds.

The semiconductor constituting the semiconductor compound is preferably a group of 12 to 16 on the periodic table including zinc sulfide, cadmium sulfide, mercury sulfide, zinc selenide, cadmium selenide, mercury selenide, zinc telluride, cadmium telluride, and mercury telluride. Compound semiconductors belonging to the compound, and Group 13-15 compound semiconductors such as aluminum nitride, gallium nitride, indium nitride, aluminum phosphide, gallium phosphide, indium phosphide, aluminum arsenide, gallium arsenide, indium arsenide, or cobalt sulfide, manganese sulfide, Transition metal chalcogen compound semiconductors including iron sulfide, nickel sulfide, molybdenum sulfide, tungsten sulfide, titanium sulfide, rhenium sulfide and the like. Examples of semiconductor precursors composed of such semiconductors include dialkyl sulfide carbamic acid compounds (R'Zn (S ₂ CNR ₂ ), Cd (S ₂ CNR ₂ ) ₂ , R'Cd (S ₂ CNR ₂ ), Mn (S ₂ CNR ₂ ), R'Mn (S ₂ CNR ₂ ), Bi (S ₂ CNR ₂ ) ₃ , Sn (S ₂ CNR ₂ ) ₃ ) Dialkyl Selenic Carbamic Acid Compounds (Zn (Se ₂ CNR ₂₎ ) ₂ , R'Zn (Se ₂ CNR ₂ ), Mn (Se ₂ CNR ₂ ) ₂ , R'Mn (Se ₂ CNR ₂ ), Cd (Se ₂ CNR ₂ ) ₂ , R'Cd (Se ₂ CNR ₂ ) ), Alkyl sulfide compounds (Zn (S ₂ COR) ₂ , R'Zn (S ₂ COR), Cd (S ₂ COR) ₂ , R'Cd (S ₂ COR), Mn (S ₂ COR), R 'Mn (S ₂ COR), Bi (S ₂ COR) ₃ , Sn (S ₂ COR) ₃ ), alkyl selenized xanthate compounds (Zn (Se ₂ COR) ₂ , R′Zn (Se ₂ COR), Cd ( Se ₂ COR) ₂ , Mn (Se ₂ COR) ₂ , R'Mn (Se ₂ COR), arylsulfur compounds (Zn (SAr) ₂ L ₂ Cd (SPh) ₂ L ₂ (L: solvent or coordination ligand, Ar : Ph, 2,4,6-R ₃ Ph)), aryl selenide compound (Zn (SePh) ₂ L ₂ , Cd (SePh) ₂ L ₂ ,), silyl sulfur compound (Zn (SSi (SiR ₃ ) ₃ ) _2, Cd (SSi (SiR ₃ ) ₃ ) ₂ , Zn (SC (SiR ₃ ) ₃ ) ₂ , Cd (SSi (SiR ₃ ) ₃ ) ₂ ), silyl selenium compound (Zn (SeSi (SiR ₃ ) ₃ ) _2, Cd (SeSi (SiR ₃ ) ₃ ) ₂ , Zn (SeC (SiR ₃ ) ₃ ) ₂ , Cd (SeSi (SiR ₃ ) ₃ ) ₂ ), and the like.

Metals constituting the organometallic compound as precursors include magnetic metals such as cobalt, nickel and iron, cobalt-platinum, cobalt-copper, cobalt-palladium, cobalt-gold, cobalt-silver, nickel-platinum and nickel- Copper, nickel-palladium, nickel-gold, nickel-silver, iron-platinum, iron-copper, iron-palladium, iron-gold, iron-silver, manganese-platinum, manganese-copper, manganese-palladium, manganese-gold, This includes magnetic alloys such as manganese-silver and at least one selected from the group of precious metals such as gold, silver, palladium and platinum. Specific examples of these organometallic compounds include carbon monoxide compounds (Co ₂ (CO) _8, Fe (CO) ₅ , Fe ₂ (CO) ₁₀ , Ni (CO) ₄ , Mn ₂ (CO) ₁₀ , RMn (CO) ₅ ), cyclooctadiene compound (Ni (COD) ₂ ), phosphine compound (R ₂ Co (PR ₃ )), amine compound (R ₂ Co (NR ₃ )) and the like.

The solvent for dissolving the single precursor is not particularly limited, but is an organic solvent, for example, hexadecane, decane, nonane, dodecane, toluene, anisole, diphenyl ether, dioctyl ether, dichlorobenzene, di Benzene chloride etc. are mentioned, Preferably you may use a stabilizer solution as a solvent.

Appropriate stabilizers are added so that the nanocrystals form a stable monodisperse phase even in solution. Examples of suitable stabilizers include compounds of the general formula:

R-X

(Wherein R is a hydrocarbon compound having 6 to 22 carbon atoms or a straight or branched chain, and X includes functional groups such as amine, thiol, phosphine, carboxylic acid and isocyanate)

Hereinafter, the synthesis method of the present invention will be described in detail.

First, a predetermined single precursor is prepared by dissolving in a suitable solution or stabilizer solution, and then an appropriate stabilizer is selected and maintained at a predetermined temperature required for the reaction.

Next, a solution containing the precursor is rapidly injected into a stabilizer (or a solution in which the stabilizer is dissolved) at a predetermined temperature to induce a pyrolysis reaction to form nanocrystals. At this time, by controlling the reaction temperature, the crystal structure (cubic structure, hexagonal density structure, NaCl structure, etc.) of the nanoparticles stable in the selected temperature range is determined, and the crystal growth rate is controlled by controlling the concentration of the precursor and the reaction time. Adjustments can be made to arbitrarily vary crystals of various shapes and sizes. In general, the concentration of the precursor is based on 10 mg (mass of precursor) /0.8 g (stabilization ligand) and higher than this isotropic crystal growth (nanorods, nano cramps, nano triangle legs, nano square legs, Nano pencils, nano stars, nano crosses, etc.) and, in low cases, isotropic crystal growth (nano spheres, nano cubes). In the case of temperature, nanospheres and nanocubes are generally obtained at a high temperature (above 200 ° C. and at 350 ° C. or more for CdS), and anisotropic nanocrystals are obtained at 200 ° C. or less. Since the crystal structure of nanoparticles has different energy for each material, it cannot be generalized, but more stable crystal structure is preferred at high temperature, and semi-stable crystal structure at low temperature.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the specific reaction conditions vary depending on the desired form, but the reaction temperature determines the crystal structure of the nanoparticles formed according to the temperature change between 100 and 300 ° C, and crystal growth by changing the precursor concentration. In order to determine the rate, the reaction time was observed from 5 seconds to 2 hours with the result of the morphological change.

In order to separate the nanoparticles formed through the series of processes from the solution, an appropriate polar solvent is added and centrifuged. Examples of the polar solvent that can be added at this time include alcohols having short chains such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and the like, but are not necessarily limited thereto.

In addition, the separated nanoparticles need to be redispersed and reconstructed in an organic solvent in order to be used in actual industrial fields. Examples of the organic solvents that can be used include toluene, benzene, hexane, heptane, dichloromethane, and the like.

The process after the separation of the nanoparticles is sufficient to be carried out by a known manufacturing process and are not particularly limited or limit the scope of the present invention.

Nanocrystals of various shapes and sizes obtained by the present invention can be utilized in various industrial fields.

An application field in the first aspect is a single electronic device in which nanocrystals according to the present invention are arranged between two electrodes to have electrical and magnetic properties. Examples of the single electronic device may include a single electronic transistor, and specific implementation thereof will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

Applications in the second aspect of the present invention include various optical devices, including electroluminescent devices, photoluminescent devices, lasers, solar cells, and optical sensors.

Applications in the third aspect of the present invention include various medically useful biosensors containing, as active ingredients, the metal nanoparticles produced by the method. Specifically, the nanocrystals produced by the present invention may be combined with DNA or drug therapeutics, and then attached to biological materials such as cancer cells or various living organs, and thus may be applied to anticancer therapy, drug treatment and other various disease diagnosis.

Application fields in the fourth aspect of the present invention include various information storage media using magnetic materials, and can be manufactured by aligning the nanocrystals of the present invention and patterning them vertically at a desired position.

Hereinafter, the content of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. However, these embodiments are only examples for describing the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains.

Example 1 Preparation of CdS Nanorods and Nanostructures

Experiment process

In this embodiment, the size and shape control of the nanostructures based on CdS nanorods will be described.

First, hexadecylamine (0.5 g) is heated to about 300 ° C., and a single precursor Cd (S ₂ CNEt ₂ ) ₂ is dissolved in hexadecylamine (0.3 g) heated to 70 ° C. in the high temperature hexadecylamine solution. As a result, the CdS nanorods formed as the color of the solution gradually turned dark yellow as the precursor decomposed. The process was repeated by varying the amount of precursor to 30, 50, and 300 mg, and was repeated while changing the crystal growth temperature to 120, 180 and 300 ° C. after fixing the amount of the precursor to 50 mg. The formed nanocrystals were obtained in the form of a yellow powder by adding ethanol, and the powder powder was stabilized by dissolving again in an organic solvent such as dichloromethane.

Experiment result

2 is a transmission electron microscope of nanoparticles obtained when the temperature is fixed at 300 ° C. and the amount of the precursor is changed [(a) 30 mg, (b) 50 mg, (c) 300 mg] according to the above experiment. (EM912 Omega) recorded at 120KV electron beam energy. At this time, the size of the rod can be easily adjusted while changing the concentration of the precursor, the size of the 6 × 25 nm (for a), 10 × 40 nm (for b), 25 × 100 nm ( In the case of c), the synthesis was confirmed to be possible within a uniform size within 15%.

3 is a result of recording the nanoparticles obtained when the concentration of the precursor is fixed and the crystal growth temperature is changed, and FIG. 4 is a high resolution transmission electron microscope (Hitachi H9000-NAR) of the nano cramps at 300KV electron beam energy. The result is recorded. At the crystal growth temperature of 300 ° C., rod-shaped crystals (for a) were obtained as mentioned above, but at 180 ° C., nano cramps and nano triangular legs (for b) were mainly obtained. When lowered to 120 ° C., the nano rectangular legs (c case) were obtained. According to the high-resolution transmission electron micrograph of FIG. 4, nano-clads, nano-triangular legs, and nano-quadric legs are in the four {111} planes of the zinc blende structure, and the nano bars of the Wurtzite structure in the 00 1 direction are epitaxial. It can be seen that it grows and forms. Based on these results, the wurtzite structure, which is a more stable crystal structure at high temperatures, is preferred, and rods are formed, and at low temperatures, the metastable structure, which is metastable crystal structure, is preferred. It can be seen that the bridge is formed.

FIG. 5 is a transmission electron micrograph of the change according to the amount of the precursor at 120 ° C. [(a) 50 mg, (b) 100 mg, (c) 300 mg], as the amount of the precursor increases. It shows the transition from a quadrilateral bridge to a nano pencil and a nano pencil. These results indicate that as the amount of precursors increases, the crystal growth rate increases rapidly, so that the four {111} planes of the splendid core do not grow evenly but grow only on one side, so that the nanorods are only on one (111) plane. It shows that it is forming, and also shows that nanocrystals are formed when the crystal velocity is increased to bring about shrinkage of the (001) plane of the nanorods.

FIG. 6 summarizes the morphological changes of CdS nano-semiconductor according to various crystal growth conditions.

Example 2 Preparation of Co Magnetic Nanorods and Nanospheres

Experiment process

In an argon atmosphere, 10 mg of Co ₂ (CO) ₈ was dissolved in 0.3 ml of orthodichlorobenzene, and then rapidly injected into 1.2 ml of orthodithrolobenzene containing 130 mg of dodecylamine heated to 184 ° C and heated. At this time, the crystal growth time was adjusted in the range of 5 seconds to 10 minutes.

The solution was cooled to low temperature and then ethanol solution was added and centrifuged at 3000 RPM for 20 minutes to obtain a precipitate.

Experiment result

FIG. 7A is a result of recording at 120 KV of electron beam energy using a transmission electron microscope (EM912 omega) for cobalt nanocrystals grown for 5 seconds, and FIG. 7B is a result for cobalt nanocrystals grown for 10 minutes. Initially, hexagonal dense nanorods were formed, and as time passed, spherical ε-structured nanocobalt was formed.

8 shows a schematic diagram of the morphological change of cobalt nanocrystals according to the crystal growth conditions.

Example 3 Preparation of MnS Magnetic Semiconductor Nanorods and Nanostructures

Experiment process

Mn (S ₂ CNEt ₂ ) ₂ was dissolved in 0.3 ml of hexadecylamine (70 ° C.) under argon atmosphere, and then rapidly injected into a high temperature 0.5 g of hexadecylamine solution, followed by heating for 20 minutes. Crystal growth temperature was maintained at 120, 150, 180, 250 ° C according to the desired form.

The solution was cooled to low temperature and then ethanol solution was added and centrifuged at 3000 RPM for 20 minutes to obtain a precipitate.

Experiment result

9 is a result of recording at an electron beam energy of 120 KV using a transmission electron microscope (EM912 omega) for the synthesized MnS nanoparticles.

The shape of MnS synthesized through FIG. 9 shows branched nanowires (a to d) of size of 2.2 × 160 nm and nanospheres of 2.5 nm as the crystal growth temperature is changed to 120, 150, 180, and 250 ° C. In the case of), the nanocube of ~ 30nm (in case of f) can be seen to have a uniform size and shape, and the nanowires branched through HRTEM analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and electron beam diffraction analysis show In the wurtzite structure, the rods were epitaxially grown and the nano cubes were rock salt. From these results, it was found that cyanide and wurtzite structures are preferred at low temperatures, and rock salt is preferred at high temperatures.

10 is a schematic diagram of the shape change of MnS magnetic semiconductor nanocrystals according to crystal growth conditions.

Example 4 Preparation of PbS Semiconductor Nano Stars and Nanostructures

Experiment process

50 mg of Pb (S ₂ CNEt ₂ ) ₂ was dissolved in 0.5 ml of pyridine and rapidly injected into a hot 18 ml phenylether solution containing 2 ml of dodecanethiol, followed by heating for 5 minutes. Crystal growth temperatures were maintained at 140, 230, 250 ° C. according to the desired morphology.

The solution was cooled to low temperature and then ethanol solution was added and centrifuged at 3000 RPM for 20 minutes to obtain a precipitate.

Experiment result

FIG. 11 is a result of recording at an electron beam energy of 120 KV using a transmission electron microscope (EM912 omega) for synthesized PbS nanoparticles.

In the form of the synthesized MnS shown in Figure 11 as the crystal growth temperature is changed to 140, 230, 250 ℃ of the nano cross (for a), nano star (for b), nano cube (for c) It can be seen that the nanocrystals obtained by HRTEM analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and electron beam diffraction analysis have a rock salt structure. It can be seen that the crystal growth in the direction was fast.

Experimental Example 1 Absorption Spectrum and Emission Spectrum

The optical properties of the MnS nanowires and nanosphere particles synthesized in Example 3 were measured using an absorbance photometer (UV-3100S spectrophotometer) and a photoluminescence photometer (Perkin-Elmer LS50 Luminescence spectrometer). FIG. 12 shows the stoke movement of 290 meV of nanospheres (energy difference between absorption peak and luminescence peak) through absorption and emission spectra of MnS nanospheres (for a) and nanowires (for b) of Example 3. The stoke shift (590 meV) is about twice as large as that, indicating increased optical activity.

According to the present invention, by controlling the crystal structure and crystal growth rate of any nanocrystals, it is possible to selectively synthesize various types of nanostructures including nanorods. The nanocrystals obtained by the present invention not only have excellent physicochemical stability and uniformity but also various industrial fields using various improved properties (eg polarization, quantum efficiency, magnetic properties) resulting from anisotropic morphology. Application of furnace is expected.

Claims (10)

In the synthesis method of nanocrystals using solution phase synthesis, Dissolving a predetermined single precursor for synthesizing nanocrystals in a suitable organic solvent and injecting the solution into a predetermined single stabilizing ligand to thermally decompose to a predetermined reaction temperature to have a specific crystal structure; Selecting a crystal growth rate and performing a reaction for a predetermined time by injecting the precursor of the selected nanocrystals at a predetermined concentration, the crystal structure comprises a nanocrystal capable of selecting various forms and sizes of crystals Chemical synthesis of The method of claim 1, The nanocrystals prepared are nanospheres, nanocubes, nanostars, nano cubes, nanorods, nanoclamps, nano triangle legs, nano square legs, nano pencils, characterized in that at least one selected from the group of nano pencils Chemical synthesis method. The method of claim 1, The stabilizing ligand is a chemical synthesis method of nanocrystals characterized in that it comprises a compound of the general formula. R-X In the above, R is a hydrocarbon compound, straight or branched chain having 6 to 22 carbons, and X is a functional group selected from the group of amine, thiol, phosphine, carboxylic acid and isocyanate The method of claim 1, Single precursor material is a chemical synthesis method of nanocrystals, characterized in that it comprises a semiconductor compound or an organometallic compound. The method of claim 4, wherein The semiconductor is a method of chemical synthesis of nanocrystals, characterized in that it comprises a compound semiconductor or transition metal chalcogen compound semiconductor belonging to groups 12 to 16. The method of claim 4, wherein The metal is a chemical synthesis method of nanocrystals characterized in that it comprises at least one selected from the group of magnetic metals, magnetic alloys and precious metals. A single electronic device arranged to have electrical and magnetic properties by arranging nanocrystals produced by the method of any one of claims 1 to 6 between two electrodes. An optical element containing a nanocrystal produced by the method of any one of claims 1 to 6 as an active ingredient. A biosensor comprising the nanocrystals produced by the method of any one of claims 1 to 6 as an active ingredient. A storage recording medium prepared by aligning nanocrystals produced by the method of any one of claims 1 to 6 and patterning them vertically at a desired position.