KR20030031518A - Ultrasonic measurement method of flow speed in a small pipe by using cylindrical piezoelectric transducers - Google Patents

Ultrasonic measurement method of flow speed in a small pipe by using cylindrical piezoelectric transducers Download PDF

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Publication number
KR20030031518A
KR20030031518A KR1020030012620A KR20030012620A KR20030031518A KR 20030031518 A KR20030031518 A KR 20030031518A KR 1020030012620 A KR1020030012620 A KR 1020030012620A KR 20030012620 A KR20030012620 A KR 20030012620A KR 20030031518 A KR20030031518 A KR 20030031518A
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South Korea
Prior art keywords
tube
flow rate
cylindrical piezoelectric
wall
pipe
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KR1020030012620A
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Korean (ko)
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김진오
황교광
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김진오
황교광
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Priority to KR1020030012620A priority Critical patent/KR20030031518A/en
Publication of KR20030031518A publication Critical patent/KR20030031518A/en

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/66Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
    • G01F1/667Arrangements of transducers for ultrasonic flowmeters; Circuits for operating ultrasonic flowmeters
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01PMEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P15/00Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
    • G01P15/02Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
    • G01P15/08Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values
    • G01P15/09Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values by piezoelectric pick-up
    • G01P15/0907Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values by piezoelectric pick-up of the compression mode type
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01PMEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P5/00Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
    • G01P5/26Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting optical wave

Abstract

PURPOSE: A method for measuring ultrasonic flow rate in a small-diameter tube utilizing cylindrical piezoelectric vibrators is provided to measure flow rate of fluid flowing through a tube by sending an ultrasonic wave generated by the radial vibration of cylindrical piezoelectric vibrators to the wall of the tube and receiving the signal at the wall of the tube. CONSTITUTION: A signal sound transmitted to the wall of a tube(1) is transmitted to both the upstream and downstream of fluid. The flow rate of the fluid is measured based on the difference between the upstream transmission time and the downstream transmission time. Cylindrical piezoelectric vibrators(2,3) for receiving and transmitting an ultrasonic wave are provided in a number of two or three or more on the outer wall of the tube(1).

Description

원통형 압전 진동자를 이용한 소구경 관에서의 초음파 유속 측정방법 {Ultrasonic measurement method of flow speed in a small pipe by using cylindrical piezoelectric transducers}Ultrasonic measurement method of flow speed in a small pipe by using cylindrical piezoelectric transducers

본 발명은 원통형 압전 진동자의 방사진동에 의해 발생되는 초음파를 관 벽에 송신하고 또한 그 신호를 관 벽에서 수신하는 것에 의해, 관 내부에서 흐르는 유체의 유속을 측정하는 장치에 관한 것이다.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for measuring the flow velocity of a fluid flowing inside a tube by transmitting ultrasonic waves generated by the radial motion of the cylindrical piezoelectric vibrator to the tube wall and receiving the signal at the tube wall.

종래의 전파 시간차 법 초음파 유속계의 기본적인 유속 측정 원리는 변환기를 배관에 경사지게 설치하여 전파 시킨 초음파가 유속의 크기에 따라 유동 방향과 유동 역 방향에서 각각 다른 전파 시간차(△t)를 나타내는 현상을 이용하였다. 그런데 이 방식은 관의 직경이 작을 경우 유체를 통해 전파하는 초음파의 전파시간이 작으므로 감도가 나빠지며, 관의 직경이 작을수록 초음파 송수신기도 작아져야 하므로 초음파 변환기 제조가 더 까다로워지는 단점이 있었다.The basic principle of measuring the velocity of the conventional propagation time difference method is that the ultrasonic wave propagated by installing the transducer inclined in the pipe has different propagation time difference (Δt) in the flow direction and the reverse flow direction depending on the magnitude of the flow velocity. . However, this method has a disadvantage in that the sensitivity of the ultrasonic wave propagating through the fluid is small when the diameter of the tube is small, and the ultrasonic transducer must be smaller as the diameter of the tube is smaller, which makes the manufacturing of the ultrasonic transducer more difficult.

본 발명에서는 상기에 언급한 단점을 개선하기 위해 긴 초음파 전파시간을 확보하고 초음파 송수신기 제조의 용이성을 만족할 수 있는 방법을 제시한다.The present invention proposes a method for securing a long ultrasonic propagation time and satisfying the ease of manufacturing an ultrasonic transceiver in order to improve the above-mentioned disadvantages.

전술한 바와 같은 첫번째 개선 사항을 만족시키기 위해 종래의 방식이었던 관 직경에 따르며 유체를 통하는 초음파의 전파경로를, 관의 길이에 따르며 관 벽을 통하도록 하였다.In order to satisfy the first improvement as described above, the propagation path of ultrasonic waves through the fluid along the tube diameter, which is the conventional method, was passed through the pipe wall along the length of the pipe.

제 1 발명에 따른 유속 측정 방법은 초음파의 전파경로를 일반적인 방법이었던 유체를 통하는 것이 아닌 관 벽을 통하는 것으로 한 것을 특징으로 한다. 본 발명의 경우처럼 관 벽을 통하도록 하면 진동자가 유체에 직접 닿지않아 마모 및 훼손에 덜 노출되게 되며, 누수에 대한 고민도 신경 쓸 필요가 없어지므로 유속 측정 장치의 제작이 용이해질 수 있다. 또한 원통형 진동자를 반으로 쪼개 관에 설치하면 이미 설치되어있는 배관의 훼손 없이도 간단하게 관 외벽에 부착하는 것 만으로 유속 측정장치를 제작할 수 있다는 장점이 있다.The flow velocity measuring method according to the first aspect of the invention is characterized in that the propagation path of the ultrasonic waves is not through the fluid, which is a general method, but through the pipe wall. When through the pipe wall as in the case of the present invention, the vibrator does not directly contact the fluid is less exposed to wear and damage, it is not necessary to worry about the leakage can be easy to manufacture the flow rate measuring device. In addition, if the cylindrical vibrator is split in half and installed in the pipe, the flow rate measuring device can be manufactured simply by attaching it to the outer wall of the pipe without damaging the already installed pipe.

제 2 발명에 따른 유속 측정을 위해 배관 외벽에 원통형 압전 진동자를 설치한다. 이는 전술한 바와 같은 두번째 개선 사항을 만족시키는 것으로써 종래의 방식과 다른, 비교적 제작이 용이한 형태인 원통 모양이며, 방사진동 하는 초음파 송수신기이다. 제 1 발명에서 전술한 바와 같이 이미 설치되어있는 배관에 어떠한 훼손도 주지 말아야 할 상황이라면 원통형 진동자를 반으로 쪼개어 관 외벽에 설치한 후 다시 결합할 수도 있다.A cylindrical piezoelectric vibrator is installed on the outer wall of the pipe for measuring the flow rate according to the second invention. This satisfies the second improvement as described above and is a cylindrical, radiation-proof ultrasonic transceiver which is relatively easy to manufacture, different from the conventional method. As described above in the first invention, if there is no damage to the already installed pipe, the cylindrical vibrator may be split in half and installed on the outer wall of the pipe, and then may be recombined.

본 발명은 관의 직경이 비교적 작은 경우 적용할 수 있는 초음파 유속 측정 방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to an ultrasonic flow rate measuring method that can be applied when the diameter of a tube is relatively small.

도 1은 본 발명의 제 1 실시예에 따른 유속 측정방법을 설명한 모식도이고,1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a flow rate measuring method according to a first embodiment of the present invention,

도 2는 기존 발명의 유속 측정방법을 설명한 모식도이며,Figure 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a flow rate measuring method of the existing invention,

도 3은 본 발명의 제 2 실시예에 따른 유속 측정방법을 설명한 모식도이고,3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a flow rate measuring method according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

도 4는 본 발명의 제 1 실시예에 따른 유속 측정 장치를 나타내는 구성도이며,4 is a block diagram showing a flow rate measuring device according to a first embodiment of the present invention,

도 5는 본 발명의 제 2 실시예에 따른 유속 측정 장치를 나타내는 구성도이다.5 is a configuration diagram illustrating a flow rate measuring device according to a second exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

※ 도면의 주요 부분에 대한 부호의 설명※ Explanation of codes for main parts of drawing

1: 소형 배관. 2: 하류측 신호음 송수신부.1: small size pipe. 2: downstream beep transceiver.

3: 상류측 신호음 송수신부. △t: 전파시간차.3: Upstream beep transceiver. Δt: Propagation time difference.

V: 배관에 흐르는 유체의 유속. 4: 이전 발명의 상류측 송수신부.V: flow rate of the fluid flowing in the pipe. 4: Upstream transceiver of previous invention.

5: 이전 발명의 하류측 송수신부. 6: 하류측 신호음 수신부.5: downstream transceiver of previous invention. 6: downstream beep receiver.

7: 신호음 송신부. 8: 상류측 신호음 수신부.7: Beep transmitter. 8: Upstream beep receiver.

이하, 본 발명에 따른 유속 측정 방법에 대하여, 첨부도면을 참조 하면서 설명한다.Hereinafter, a flow rate measuring method according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

도 2는 일반적인 초음파 유속 측정 장치에 관한 것으로써, 도면에 나타낸 바와 같이 전파 경로 (C)와 (D)가 유체를 통한다. 또한 진동자 (4)와 (5)는 배관 직경의 크기에 비해 매우 작다. 본 실시예에 따른 유속 측정방법은, 관 내부의 유체 유속의 크기에 따라 관 외벽에 설치되는 원통형 압전 진동자에 의해 발생되는 초음파가 관 벽을 따라 전파될 때 나타나는 초음파의 전파시간이 상이함을 이용한다. 상기 진동자 (2)와 (3)은 배관 (1)의 직경이 작을 때, 도 2의 진동자 (4)와 (5)의 경우보다 더 크게 제작할 수 있기 때문에 비교적 더 용이한 제작이 가능하다. 본 발명에서는 제 1 실시예에 따른 진동자 (2)와 (3) 및 제 2 실시예에 따른 진동자 (6)과 (7) 그리고 (8)을 배관 외벽에 설치하여 초음파를 송수신한다.FIG. 2 relates to a general ultrasonic flow rate measuring device, in which propagation paths (C) and (D) pass through a fluid, as shown in the figure. The vibrators 4 and 5 are also very small compared to the size of the pipe diameter. The flow rate measuring method according to the present embodiment uses a different propagation time of ultrasonic waves generated when ultrasonic waves propagated along the tube wall are generated by a cylindrical piezoelectric vibrator installed on the tube outer wall depending on the magnitude of the fluid flow rate inside the tube. . Since the vibrators 2 and 3 can be made larger than the case of the vibrators 4 and 5 of FIG. 2 when the diameter of the pipe 1 is small, relatively easy production is possible. In the present invention, the vibrator (2) and (3) according to the first embodiment and the vibrator (6) and (7) and (8) according to the second embodiment are installed on the outer wall of the pipe to transmit and receive ultrasonic waves.

제 1 실시예First embodiment

이하, 상기 유속 측정방법 및 유속 측정장치를 배관에 적용한 실시예를 설명한다.Hereinafter, an embodiment in which the flow rate measuring method and the flow rate measuring device are applied to a pipe will be described.

도 1의 경우처럼 배관에 진동자가 2개 설치되는 경우, 일측 송신부로부터 신호음을 송신하고 타측 수신 부에서 수신한다. 이와 반대로 상기 송신부를 수신부로 전환하고, 또한 상기 수신부를 송신부로 전환하면, 유체의 상류 및 하류 방향에 대한 두 가지 전파경로 (A)와 (B)에 의해 두 가지 다른 전파 시간을 얻게 되는데, 전파경로 (A)에 따른 전파시간에서 전파경로 (B)에 따른 전파시간을 뺀 차가 전파 시간차 (△t)가 된다. 이러한 (△t)는 유속(V)가 클수록 크고, 유속(V)가 작을수록 작아지게 된다.When two vibrators are installed in the pipe as in the case of FIG. 1, a signal tone is transmitted from one transmitter and received by the other receiver. On the contrary, when the transmitter is switched to the receiver and the receiver is switched to the transmitter, two different propagation times are obtained by two propagation paths (A) and (B) for upstream and downstream directions of the fluid. The difference obtained by subtracting the propagation time along the propagation path B from the propagation time along the path A becomes the propagation time difference Δt. Such (Δt) becomes larger as the flow rate V is larger, and becomes smaller as the flow rate V is smaller.

도 4는 제 1 실시예와 관련된 유속 측정장치를 나타내는 구성도이다. 펄스 발생기를 통해 생성되는 입력 펄스 신호는 증폭회로를 통해 증폭되고, 전환회로에 의해 상류 진동자 및 하류 진동자에 교대로 송신되며, 또한 이 전환회로에 의해 수신부 역시 결정되게 된다. 교대로 들어오는 상류 및 하류에 대한 수신신호는 비교기를 통한 연산으로 전파 시간차를 구하며, 이 값은 디스플레이 장치(LCD)에 출력된다.4 is a configuration diagram showing a flow rate measuring device according to the first embodiment. The input pulse signal generated through the pulse generator is amplified by the amplifying circuit, and is alternately transmitted to the upstream vibrator and the downstream vibrator by the switching circuit, and the receiving unit is also determined by the switching circuit. The received signals for the upstream and downstream incoming alternately calculate the propagation time difference by operation through a comparator, and this value is output to the display device (LCD).

제 2 실시예Second embodiment

도 3은 제 2 실시예와 관련된 유속측정 방법을 나타내는 모식도이다. 도 3의 경우처럼 배관에 진동자가 3개 설치되는 경우, 가운데 설치되는 진동자(7)은 상류에 대한 전파 경로(A)와 하류에 대한 전파경로(B)를 가지는 초음파의 송신을 담당하며, 나머지 진동자(6)과 (8)은 상류 및 하류에 대한 초음파의 수신을 담당한다. 진동자 사이의 간격(L)은 동일한 것으로 한다. 유체의 상류 및 하류 방향에 대한 두 가지 전파경로 (A)와 (B)에 의해 두 가지 다른 전파 시간을 얻게 되는데, 전파경로 (A)에 따른 전파시간에서 전파경로 (B)에 따른 전파시간을 뺀 차가 전파 시간차(△t)가 된다. 이러한 (△t)는 유속(V)가 클수록 크고, 유속(V)가 작을수록 작아지게 된다.3 is a schematic view showing a flow rate measuring method according to the second embodiment. When three vibrators are installed in the pipe as in the case of FIG. 3, the vibrator 7 installed in the center is responsible for transmitting ultrasonic waves having a propagation path A upstream and a propagation path B downstream. The vibrators 6 and 8 are responsible for the reception of ultrasonic waves upstream and downstream. The space | interval L between oscillators shall be the same. Two different propagation times are obtained by two propagation paths (A) and (B) for the upstream and downstream direction of the fluid.The propagation time according to the propagation path (B) is obtained from the propagation time according to the propagation path (A). The difference subtracted becomes the propagation time difference Δt. Such (Δt) becomes larger as the flow rate V is larger, and becomes smaller as the flow rate V is smaller.

도 5는 제 2 실시예와 관련된 유속 측정장치를 나타내는 구성도이다. 펄스 발생기를 통해 생성되는 펄스 신호는 증폭회로를 통해 증폭되어, 중앙측에 설치된 송신부로부터 신호음을 송신하고, 나머지 두 개의 수신부에서 신호음을 수신한다. 상기 수신부에 대한 상류 및 하류에 대한 수신신호는 비교기를 통한 연산으로 전파 시간차를 구하며, 이 값은 디스플레이 장치(LCD)에 출력된다.5 is a configuration diagram showing a flow rate measuring device according to a second embodiment. The pulse signal generated by the pulse generator is amplified by the amplification circuit, and transmits a beep sound from a transmitter installed at the center side, and receives the beep sound from the remaining two receivers. The received signals for the upstream and downstream of the receiver are obtained by calculating a propagation time difference through a comparator, and this value is output to the display device (LCD).

이상, 전술한 바와 같은 본 발명에 따르면 다음과 같은 효과가 있다.Above, according to the present invention as described above has the following effects.

(1) 초음파의 전파 경로가 관 벽을 통하게 함으로써 더 긴 전파길이 선정을 가능하게 하고 이를 통해 정확도를 높일 수 있다.(1) By allowing the propagation path of the ultrasonic wave through the pipe wall, it is possible to select a longer propagation length and to increase the accuracy.

(2) 비교적 제작이 용이한 원통형 압전 진동자의 사용으로 직경이 작은 배관에서도 정확도를 보증할 수 있는 초음파 유속계를 구체화 할 수 있다.(2) By using a cylindrical piezoelectric vibrator, which is relatively easy to manufacture, an ultrasonic flowmeter that can guarantee accuracy even in small diameter pipes can be specified.

(3) 원통형 압전 진동자를 반으로 잘라 배관에 설치한 후, 다시 결합하면 이미 설치되어있는 배관을 훼손하지 않고 초음파 유속 측정 장치를 구현할 수 있다.(3) If the cylindrical piezoelectric vibrator is cut in half and installed in the pipe, and then recombined, the ultrasonic flow rate measuring device can be realized without damaging the pipe already installed.

Claims (3)

흐르는 유체의 유속을 측정하기 위한 유속 측정방법으로서, 관 벽으로 전파되는 신호음을 상류 및 하류에 송신하고, 그 신호를 수신하는 것에 의해 나타나는 상류 전파시간과 하류 전파시간의 차를 이용하여 유속을 측정하는 방법.A flow velocity measuring method for measuring the flow velocity of a flowing fluid, the flow velocity being measured by using a difference between the upstream propagation time and the downstream propagation time shown by transmitting a signal sound propagating to the pipe wall upstream and downstream, and receiving the signal. How to. 초음파 송수신을 위한 진동자로 원통형 압전 진동자를 관 외벽에 2개 및 3개 또는 다수 개를 설치하는 진동자 설치방법.A vibrator installation method for installing two and three or a plurality of cylindrical piezoelectric vibrators on the outer wall of the tube as a vibrator for ultrasonic transmission and reception. 원통형 압전 진동자를 반으로 잘라 반 원통형으로 만들고, 다시 결합시키는 과정에 의해, 이미 설치되어있는 배관의 훼손 없이 유속을 측정하는 장치의 구성.Cylindrical piezoelectric vibrator is cut in half to make it into a semi-cylindrical shape and then re-joined to configure a device for measuring the flow velocity without damaging the already installed pipe.
KR1020030012620A 2003-02-28 2003-02-28 Ultrasonic measurement method of flow speed in a small pipe by using cylindrical piezoelectric transducers KR20030031518A (en)

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