KR20020066790A - Dol sung gume - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: Provided is an inlaid work by stones which inlays metallic materials like gold, silver or so on into natural stones to develop one of cultural goods so that it contributes to introduce authentic inlaid technique for foreign people. CONSTITUTION: The inlaid work by the stones is characterized by combining and utilizing natural stones, a material wherein natural stones are inlaid, metallic materials like gold, silver, copper or so on which are used for adding to the material wherein natural stones are inlaid and a binding material which is used for binding the metallic materials.

Description

Stone inlaid {DOL SUNG GUME}

1. Origin and Development History

1) The meaning of inlay technique

Inlay is a technique of decorating the arts and crafts that has been widely applied since ancient times as a technique of cutting out parts of cotton and inserting different alien materials. There are techniques such as cotton inlay, woody inlay, rounding up, and small inlay.

2) Introduction of inlay technique

The history of inlays is not evident but can be found in ancient Egypt and China. In China, it has already appeared in the Qin and Nation periods, and it was established during the Han Dynasty, and it can be seen that there are many inlaid thin plates of gold and silver on small instruments such as bronze, etc. Seems to have been done.

(1) metal inlay

Metal inlay technology is roughly divided into bone inlay, surface injuries, roundness and incidence. By the way, the technology of incidence is mainly used for iron materials, and the inlay technology is mainly used for nonferrous metals. What is necessary to make the metal inlay is a tang which is filled with water, and is made by mixing the rosin with mud (coarse soil) in a ratio of 4: 6 or 3: 7 and boiling it over a fire. When rosin mixes well with mud, it is good to add an appropriate amount of perilla oil because it improves elasticity when working. After finishing the inlay work, the iron part of the surface is surface treated. To make the iron surface black, paint it with raw lacquer and bake it in a fire. Not sad At the same time, sprinkle pine powder on Dalgun and eat it on the surface of iron to make the finish fine. Particularly important when inlaying steel is the method of slicing the V-shaped grooves. The quality is slightly different from the straight line and the round curve, but the first straight line is overlapped with the first half of the sperm that was used during the sizing, and the jaw is stepped up and the gold and silver threads are embedded. Put in. In the case of a rounded curve, unlike the straight line, when it is crystallized, 1/3 to 1/4 of the first mark is overlapped to make it narrower than the straight line.

This will make it easier to engrave the pattern you want to show, and it will give you the science wiseness that you won't lose. For analysis of the manufacturing technology, the analysis of the quality marks and the cross section of the iron silver inlay hook knife of the Three Kingdoms era and the iron silver inlay made by the functional holders of today are as follows. As a result, the phenomenon of widening of the mark is observed, and at the same time, the wrinkle of the mark is engraved at an angle of about 80 ° C on the side of the silver thread of the inlay to support it. In this respect, it was found that the iron inlay production technology of the Three Kingdoms era and the inlay production technology of today's skill holders are the same. Following the quality marks, cross sections of iron silver inlay samples and iron silver inlay rings and belt rings from Baekje, Gaya and Silla were analyzed. As such, the V-shape, such as the steel silver inlay technology of the Three Kingdoms era, in the steel silver inlaid section, is shown to show that the ancient steel bone inlay production technology is handed down as it is today. . The analysis of the copper inlay sample, which is a non-ferrous metal, compared with the iron inlay technique, shows that the sawtooth is formed in opposite directions unlike the grain marks of the iron inlay. This is a technique to prevent the silver thread to fall into the grooves, which can be seen that the development of this manufacturing technology as a way to compensate for the shortcomings caused by soft metal properties. However, the use of such fabrication techniques for non-ferrous metals, such as copper, has been unfortunate since it cannot be compared with actual artifacts. Subsequent analysis of the copper inlaid cross section shows that the cross section is similar to W, and the silver thread is well filled to both edge grooves in the groove. In other words, it is a technology to prevent the silver thread embedded in the groove to fall out. The reason why we could use different manufacturing techniques for ferrous and non-ferrous metals is that our ancestors have been able to accurately understand the properties of metals and to develop them accordingly. The discovery and development of these new technologies has resulted in the development of better technology, and we can see that our technology has been continuously developed without stopping in place. In other words, the ancient metal inlay technology, which is still difficult to understand, continues to be retained by today's skill holders, even if it is an old technology, it must contribute to the establishment and development of our new technology in the new millennium. There is no

(2) wood inlay

The wood inlay is made by layering the pattern with glue and made of glue, and by using the pattern on the cross-section of the pile, it is split in half in pursuit of the beauty of mass production and symmetry. Also, by combining different kinds of trees according to the characteristics of the tree, it is necessary to complement the design, construction, and different properties to allow proper contraction expansion to solve the problems of different properties such as contraction expansion and warping. In order to understand the quality of the wood and to attach the boards and planks, they showed the science of anti-twisting so that the wood grains intersect, which is the same as the principle of plywood production. Also, make a pattern and turn it in half 3-4 times to mass produce the same pattern, and separate the half and place it on both sides to improve the symmetry of the furniture, and the beautiful wood grain zelkova or persimmon tree The unique spirit of thinning and pasting on a paulownia plate is unique. Therefore, based on this unique technology, it is now a unique woodwork that blends well with various imported trees, the development of machines that can express patterns freely, adhesives that accept the characteristics of wood, and our own designs that can create new traditions. We will have to develop it.

(3) leather inlay

Leather inlay technology can be divided into two categories. As if making Najeon Lacquerware, the mother-of-pearl will dig a little bit of mother-of-pearl and godmother, and lacquer the leather, and then lacquer the leather and engrav the pattern on the groove and fill the grooves with lacquer and lacquer. Unlike wood, leather has good flexibility, so it is easy to process the pattern. However, it has a weak preservation. A new pattern that gives a different feel to the wood by inlaid in the same way as Najeon lacquer on leather, and lacquer inlaid with lacquer and quarries. I created a feeling that gave me a feeling. Inlay technology has been applied to almost all materials such as metal, wood and leather as well as porcelain, which is a feudal science in the culture of the ancestors of outstanding ancestors who fully understand the properties of materials and enhance beautiful decorative effects.

2. Types and Characteristics of Metals Used for Inlay

The inlaid metals are mainly made of high metals such as gold, silver, copper, paulownia, and brass, and the base metals are copper, brass, and bronze.

1) Gold

Gold has a distinctive color and luster, is rust-free, non-volatile, and is an excellent metal. Specific gravity is 19.32 and melting point is 1063 ° C. Gold is well alloyed with cognate metals, so it can be used for various purposes depending on the purpose. The inlay is mainly 99.95% pure gold. The grade of gold is expressed in karat. The pure gold is set at 24 carats, depending on the proportion of the net alloys, which is represented by 22K, 18K, 14K, etc. Alloying increases hardness, lowers melting point, reduces heat conduction, is difficult to oxidize up to 14K, and preserves gloss for a long time.

2) Silver (Ag, Silver)

Silver is blackish blue, gray and blue with a specific gravity of 10.50 and a melting point of 960.5 ℃. Silver is second to gold and has high ductility and flexibility, so it is widely used for crafts. Sterling silver weighs about 2/1 of the pure silver and is 99.9% -99.95% pure silver. Copper is the most commonly used cognate element of silver, and silver alloy most commonly used in crafts is Sterling alloy, which contains 92.5% of silver and 7.5% of copper. The advantage of Sterling is that its castability is good and its use is wider. When heated in air, it is oxidized and discolored by hydrogen sulfide (H2S) or SO2 gas.

3) Copper (Cu, Copper)

Copper has a specific gravity of 8.96 and a melting point of 1.083 ° C. Pure copper has a unique red color and is called copper in Korea. Good malleability is also suitable for materials made by tapping. However, copper has low strength, too high melting point, red color, and poor diet, so many kinds of elements can be added to improve the defects of alloys.

4) Paulownia

Odong is made of gold and white lead in the copper. It is a slightly reddish copper. Alloy ratio is the ratio of ratio It is said that if you put 5,6 minutes in the same way, it will be a product mistake, and if you put 3 minutes, you will be a yawn. Recently, however, if you put one minute of gum in a don, it becomes a yawn.

5) Fe, Iron, Steel

Iron and steel are stronger in strength and toughness than other metals, and have improved mechanical properties by heat treatment. Iron and steel are produced indirectly from steel ore and are often classified according to their carbon content.

6) Brass

Refers to copper alloys of 45% or less. The addition of zinc improves the properties of the copper, resulting in greater strength and better stretch. The one containing 30% of zinc is brass, and the other containing 40% of zinc is called breeding brass. The alloy of this ratio is the most used because of good fluidity and precision castings. It has a golden color, and seventh brass is called brass, and it has been used a lot of crafts since the Joseon Dynasty. It is still widely used in decorative crafts.

7) bronze

It means that CU-Sn alloy or part of Sn is changed to another element, but alloy containing Al, Si, etc. without Sn, is also called aluminum bronze, silicon bronze, and a small amount of Mn, Ni, etc. in brass The addition of is also referred to as manganese bronze and nickel bronze. In general, bronze is an alloy containing Cu as a main component, and other than Cu-Zn type, which is strong, hard, and not rusted. Compared with pure copper and brass, it has good castability and resists corrosion, and has been widely used in weapons, machinery, parts, and cutting materials since ancient times, including money, bells, arts and crafts, and statues.

8) Cupronickel

Cupronickel, also known as cupronickel, contains more tin than bronze and is alloyed at a rate of 70-80% copper and 20-30% stone, and is called white copper because it is harder and whiter than bronze. Also suitable for casting.

Omission

3) Classification by technique

1) Shipboard feeling

It is a technique to represent a pattern by using the difference in color by engraving the pattern into a continuous groove on the underlying metal and then pushing the metal of the wire rod. At this time, there are two types of tablets, one with a sharp tip and one with round one (Fig. 1). The tip of the tablet has a thick and thin effect depending on the depth of the metal. After you have dug a groove along the pattern, use a straight tablet to open the bottom of the pattern on both sides. (Fig. 2) The metal to be inlaid is heat-released as the thickness of the pattern or a little thick line, and then tapped using a small hammer or a flat tip from the end of the pattern to be dug out. (Fig. 3) The end of the sharp pattern is finished after cutting off the remaining part of the line with a small scissors or a sharp carving knife. After the inlay of the pattern is finished, use a string and sandpaper to trim the surface. Another method is the inlaid method using corrosion, which involves the intaglio of the pattern by corrosion. In general, the cross section of the corroded metal has a tendency to enter the lower part of the lower part rather than the upper part. It is a way to make up. The ship's inlay is a tricky and mysterious inlaid effect, with the glamorous and magnificent style of the bar inlaid by the metal inlay.

2) normal feeling

It is a technique of cutting out patterns on metal surfaces using chisels and fixing or fixing other metals in place. Generally, the cross section of the digging groove should have a narrow surface and a wide base. This is to prevent the inlaid metal from escaping. The pattern to be inlaid is cut out from the plate of the required thickness, trimmed in line with the excavated part of the base metal, and then placed on the tang, tapping so that the center part is slightly thicker, or made into a dome with a round hammer, and then filled in the inlaid part Tap it with a small hammer to fix it. Next, trim the edges using a trimming well, then finish the surface with a string or sandpaper. The inlaid glyph is driven a little higher than the depth of the base metal, and the excess high is cut off and finished.

3) Inlay (Inlay)

Like weaving threads on the surface of the base metal, the shape of the warp and the lower thread is raised regularly using the chisel and then pressed into a wooden cabinet with a diameter of about 1mm. It is a work that looks like a detailed picture by taking a picture by inlaying the patterns by connecting the advantages. The part that escapes from the eye is cut off with a cutting tablet, and the process is finished by grinding with birch charcoal. At this time, it is said that it is a successful work when the eyes are delicate and clear, and when it is inlaid by tapping the silver plate, it hides the superiority of the function according to the skill of tapping the wood with a hammer. Metals that can be inlaid are strong in mass and are suitable because there is a risk that the soft wires will be rubbed if the metal plate is soft. In general, iron is usually used, and hard metals such as red copper and silver of less than 950 ° C are suitable.

It is better to use inferior metal with high purity and softness. Process the foil of 0.02 ~ 0.04mm thickness such as pure gold, pure silver and pure platinum. If the base metals are the same, a foil of 0.01 mm is used. As the technique most commonly seen in the relics of the Joseon Dynasty, the inlays were attempted before and after the middle of the Joseon Dynasty.

Tool used for inlay

Hammer / wood chisel / pressing chisel / breaking chisel / wood chisel

-How to make a wooden tablet

1) The width should be narrow when it is a delicate design. Usually, 6 pieces should be prepared from 1mm to 1mm to about 6mm.

2) Finish the blade by grinding it on the grindstone with heat treatment leaving the thickness of 0.1 ~ 0.2mm.

3) The ends of the blade are slightly rounded.

4) Drop oil on Indian Stone to make a constant angle, grind one side first, then grind the back. Slow down as you go and move around 3 ~ 6cm above the grindstone and grind it to Arkansas Stone.

-How to put the wood pattern

The end of the wooden tablet is placed perpendicular to the base metal, and the elbow is placed on the desk and the finger is moved using the ring finger. (If the base metal is iron, it can be in two directions)

4) Immortality (high meat inlay)

It is a technique that creates a space by cutting a base metal into patterns in the same way as usual, and then inserts the metal to be inlaid higher than the surface of the base metal to make the pattern stand out. Sculpted on top of the inlaid, or three-dimensional effect can stand out. You can also inlay on inlaid patterns.

5) Hardening inlay (corrosion inlay)

This technique is the application of the gold plating technique, and the pattern is dug on the ground, and an alloy of mercury and gold (Amalgam) is applied to it, and it is burned, plated, and ground into a grindstone to remove parts other than the pattern. Doing so leaves only the parts dug up to the surface, which looks like normal. Care should be taken as these inlays carry the risk of respiratory failure. Nowadays, silver solder is mainly used instead.

6) Raise

As a technique for seeing the inlaid pattern both inside and outside, the shape of the metal to be inlaid is cut vertically using a jigsaw, etc., the base metal is cut into the same shape, soldered together, and the surface is polished.

4) Conclusion

In Korea, there are many artifacts that prove the superiority of inlays. Especially, the characteristics of the Koryo Dynasty are preserved as many fine crafts as the technique of entrance.

But in recent times, such a good technique is not only felt as it is gradually degenerating due to the lack of systematic research and effort. It is desirable for creative cultural product development to establish a more systematic technique of inlay techniques that can achieve a better effect in harmony or contrast with other heterogeneous colors of the inlay itself.

[references]

1. A Study on the Metal Inlay of Shipbuilding

2. A Study on Silver Employment Jae-Young Kim: Hongik University Graduate School 1973

3. Little classroom Changwonsa 1981

4. Korea Research Institute of Science and Technology in Inlaid Technology 1999

5.Metal working for Jewelry-Ti Tim McCreight: VanNo trand Reinhold. co. 1979

6.Metal work and Enamelling.

7.Contemporaly Jewelry.

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1 is a view of the actual design inlay of the finished product

2A, B, C, and D are diagrams in which inlay is added to natural stone;

This inlay is to be soaked in oil for more than 30 days and coated with oil film on the surface in order to prevent natural wounds from being damaged by contact with gloss and other foreign materials, and then 2a., 2b, 2c, and 2d should be performed. . Figures 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d is the same context only to indicate the type of inlay technique. First of all, the combination and harmony of (11) (12) (13) (14) should be made for inlay.

Figure 1 shows the practical example of the present invention, the elements of the present invention is a combination of (11) (12) (13) and (14), respectively, and (12) is generally so that (13) is combined and not separated Refers to all technical elements. For example, irregularities, inverted triangles, T-types, and angle-types are examples. 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D (12) to 13 do not always need to use adhesiveness.

The fixing method can be largely divided into a mechanical method and an adhesive method.

In addition, the present invention is not easily damaged even by contact with other foreign matter and gloss which does not change by applying an oil film before the inlay treatment.

We intend to prepare an opportunity to transform Korea's natural stone into one of the most representative gemstones using stone inlays.

Amethyst and jade, two of Korea's most important gems, are regrettable that their value is gradually declining over time.

In foreign countries, he used a technique called cameo to establish a culture of indigenous precious metals in his country.

Although these products have limitations of purity, they are commercialized in various forms, creating high added value.

However, our unique natural stones have not been jeweled with the simple idea of a common stone, although they are more beautiful and pure than any foreign gem. Therefore, I would like to use our unique inlay technique to invent stone inlays and to make natural gemstones that are in Korea.

The commercialization of Korean natural stone to match gemstone is expected to bring many foreigners to Korea during the year of the 2001 visit to Korea and the 2002 World Cup. I would like to.

Claims (2)

All details relating to (11) (12) (13) (14) of Figures 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D Characterized inlay consisting of a combination of natural stone and metal