KR20020066577A - Method of heat reception at irradiation of a solid body with hydrogen isotopes and target for realization - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A method for obtaining heat energy by irradiating hydrogen isotope to a solid and a realizing method of a target thereof are provided to improve an efficiency of low calorie fusion reaction, and to enable the use of a mixture of deuterium and protium. CONSTITUTION: The method for obtaining heat energy by irradiating hydrogen isotope to a solid is comprised of steps; preparing a solid metal target(20); exposing the target to gas plasma consisting of hydrogen isotope to saturate it; heating the saturated target in the environment of glow discharge plasma and hitting the target with the resulted activated hydrogen isotope; causing a fusion reaction of the metal target by the hydrogen isotope; removing the target from the glow discharge effect region; and repeating the exposing and saturating steps of the target.

Description

Method of heat reception at irradiation of a solid body with hydrogen isotopes and target for realization

The present invention relates to a method of obtaining thermal energy by irradiating a hydrogen target with a hydrogen isotope and a method of realizing the target. Particularly, the present invention relates to a glow discharge effect area for a target saturated with hydrogen isotope filled in a sealed case. It was introduced into the system so that the accelerated cations collided to obtain the heat generated.

The present invention relates to solid state physics in nuclear physics, which can be applied to nuclear and hydrogen energy fields, and can be used in thermonuclear reactors, medical and workshops for processing and accumulating isotopes for analytical work.

The nucleus produces energy through a nuclear fusion reaction (a reaction in which two nuclei combine into one nucleus). When two hydrogen atoms gather together and change into a helium nucleus, the mass becomes smaller and the smaller mass is converted into thermal energy and used.

The sun, which consists mostly of hydrogen, is the same as that maintained by the thermal energy generated by the fusion of hydrogen atoms.

In order for this fusion reaction to occur artificially, the two nuclei must be close to the distance at which the nuclear force acts. In order to approach the distance between the two nuclei, the atoms must move at a sufficiently high speed. To give.

This method has been tried several times in the past. However, in order to obtain heat by the conventional method, the acceleration performance of the particle accelerator requires the investigation of high-energy hydrogen isotopes by complex facilities ranging from millions of electron volts (MeV) to billions of electron volts (GeV). However, many technical approaches in scientific thinking about this problem do not actually solve this principle.

The first example of a known method (WO 95/20816) is a metal target with medium hydrogen, deuterium, or mixtures thereof under a pressure of 1 to 4000 millibars (mBar). Heat is obtained by irradiating a solid with isotopes of hydrogen through the process of continuously heating to a higher temperature and activating the nuclear reaction using vibration, mechanical activity, current, laser vibration, radio frequency and ultrasonic vibration. There is this. According to an embodiment, under a pressure of 500 millibars, a voltage of 10 kilovolts (10 KV) supplied for about 0.1 seconds after heating a nickel rod (3 millimeters in diameter and 200 millimeters in length) deposited in hydrogen to a temperature of at least 713 degrees Celsius Excitation to a magnetic field of 1 Tesla by the pulsed coil produced an excess heat of 4.47 MJ (joules) down for a total of 31 days.

However, this method is difficult to control the progress and there is a problem that the hydrogen adsorption is broken at the beginning of the progress of the lack of hydrogen concentration in the metal.

In the second example (JP, A, 91-160, 396), a solid target is filled with a material that drives nuclear fusion by obtaining heat by initiating a cold-nuclear fusion reaction to a solid.

For example, by discharging, the target is stimulated to form a momentary supersaturation state until the target is almost completely saturated, thereby forming a partial region with a high concentration of material.

However, the main disadvantage of this method is the low temperature and low production cycle.

In the third example (JP, A, 91-276, 095), the reaction starts through an electrical discharge in a mixture of hydrogen, helium and deuterium from the electrodes of the target 20 contained in a gas plasma atmosphere reactor, absorbing deuterium. An overpressure is created at the metal surface saturated in deuterium to stimulate the fusion reaction during the reaction between the two electrodes on the metal surface.

However, this method also requires the constant reaction in the discharge effect area, but due to the stagnant environment of the production process, the reaction speed is slow and the production of the product is low.

As a final example (US, A, 2022373), the method of heat acquisition for hydrogen isotopes is that the accelerated ions of deuterium with energies of 200 to 20,000 electron volts are first bombarded with a target saturated with hydrogen isotopes and the target temperature is in degrees Celsius This is a method to maintain the range from 353 degrees to 973 degrees.

This method is difficult to maintain the identity and sustained infiltration of the discharge zone on the target, and at high temperatures the balanced concentration of metal and hydrogen isotopes is gradually lowered, resulting in decreased reaction efficiency and ultimately reduced heat gain. will be.

The method of applying the wave circuit of the discharge supply device to the known methods as described above is difficult to achieve an increase in the overall efficiency because a huge difference occurs between the loss of the wave and the transient current. Hydrogen isotope interaction rates increase with increasing temperature, so that the stagnant region of the target located in the discharge zone is a rule of production in a fixed thermal transducer because the production process is quite transient and unstable at ordinary deviations from the outside temperature. Make the possibility quite complicated

Methods of realizing the targets used in the present invention are also known. (JP, A, 91-183988)

The well-known target consists of three layers, among which the intermediate layer of titanium or palladium is characterized by hydrogen solubility in excess of 0.1 with a slight coefficient of thermal expansion and hydrogen saturation ratio (H / Me (hydrogen / Metal)). do.

The two outer layers facing the first layer are thin films of silicon oxide and gold, with thermal dissipation in the range of 0.01 to 1, depending on the hydrogen solubility with a hydrogen saturation ratio not exceeding 0.01 H / Me and the thermal expansion coefficient of the intermediate layer. Has a coefficient.

Using this target, a thin membrane on the surface, when absorbing deuterium, has a supersaturated zone by hydrogen in the source of the target, which is repeated.

However, the method of oversaturating the material of these targets with hydrogen reduces the rate of hydrogen absorption by the metal significantly, and the films on the surface of materials (gold or silicon oxides) with poor concentration of hydrogen can be Interferes with surface separation of hydrogen molecules and subsequent diffusion.

Therefore, the saturation from the gas phase of palladium targets with such films lasts up to 20 days. As such, the duration to saturate the target with hydrogen is actually used once. In addition, the use of a thin film (gold) having a large coefficient of thermal expansion has a problem of reducing saturation efficiency because of insufficient mechanical pressure.

Therefore, the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems,

The hydrogen isotope is exposed to high temperature by charging hydrogen isotopes into a sealed case under high pressure and rotating a number of metal targets saturated in the hydrogen isotope into the plasma effect zone of the glow discharge. It is possible to obtain the heat generated through the site, and the site that is out of the plasma discharge area of the glow discharge is again saturated with hydrogen isotopes so that it can be used repeatedly.

1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a device implemented according to a method of obtaining thermal energy by irradiating a hydrogen isotope to a solid according to the present invention.

2 is a cross-sectional view showing the stacked state of the target implemented according to the present invention.

Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawing

10 case 12 cooling shell

14 coolant inlet tube 16 coolant outlet tube

20: target 30: site

31: Means of Transport 32: Tali Area

33: attachment area 34: outer layer

35: intermediate layer 40: anode

50: glow discharge zone

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the case where the structural functions described in the specification and the drawings are the same, reference numerals and descriptions are omitted.

1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a device implemented according to a method for obtaining thermal energy by irradiating a hydrogen isotope to a solid according to the present invention, Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the stacked state of the target.

First, the progress of the reaction according to the method for irradiating the hydrogen isotope to the solid to obtain heat, the solid metal site 30 pre-saturated by the hydrogen isotope is accelerated ion of the hydrogen isotope of the glow discharge plasma Exposed to their impact, the hydrogen saturation ratio (H / Me) is saturated to range from 0.1 to 0.9.

At this time, the discharge plasma action on the target 20 in the process of impacting the site 30 of the glow discharge acts to maintain the temperature rise rate of the target 20 within the range of 773 degrees Celsius to 1273 degrees Celsius Energy is chosen and given variably.

In the meantime, the impact on the site 30 continues until the temperature of the target 20 reaches the bend point of the temperature deflection curve.

When the temperature change curve of the site 30 reaches the deflection point, the target 20 is removed within 0.1 to 10 seconds from the action zone 50 of the glow discharge plasma.

This time needs to be observed in order to prevent the target 20 and the site 30 from melting.

At this time, in the glow discharge plasma action zone 50, the atoms of the hydrogen isotope are activated by the elevated temperature so that heat is generated by the heat generated when two atomic nuclei are fused to one atomic nucleus.

The target 20 deviating from the glow discharge plasma zone 50 is exposed and rotated again in a high pressure case 10 filled with hydrogen isotopes until the hydrogen saturation ratio (H / Me) is recovered. It is reintroduced into the action zone 50 of the discharge plasma.

At this time, the pressure of the hydrogen isotope charged into the case 10 is maintained in the range of 10,000 Pascal at 10000 Pascals (Pa, N / m ² ), and the exposure time is preferably 0.1 hours to 1 hour. Do.

In order to continuously repeat the process of acquiring the excess heat made in the above manner, it is preferable to manufacture the target 20 by dividing and partitioning the target 20 into the site 30 which is divided into a plurality according to the purpose. The site 30 is sufficiently rested in the case 10 so as to be reduced to the hydrogen saturation ratio (H / Me) until it is introduced again after exiting from the glow discharge plasma action zone 50 and then the action zone of the glow discharge plasma 50 To be reloaded into

The site 30 for carrying out the above-described method is composed of three layers, the intermediate layer 35 has a hydrogen saturation ratio (H / Me) of more than 0.1, and a plurality of external surfaces facing each other with the intermediate layer 35 therebetween. The layer 34 has a hydrogen saturation ratio (H / Me) of 0.01 or less and a coefficient of thermal expansion in the range of 0.01 to 1 depending on the thermal expansion coefficient size of the intermediate layer 35.

The present invention provides a method for obtaining thermal energy by irradiating a hydrogen target with a hydrogen isotope, comprising: preparing a solid metal target (20); Wow

Exposing the target 20 to a gas plasma of hydrogen isotopes to saturate; Wow

Introducing the saturated target 20 into the effect zone of the glow discharge plasma thereby striking the ion of the activated hydrogen isotope; Wow

The hydrogen isotope saturated in the metal target 20 due to the price of the hydrogen isotope causes a fusion reaction; Wow

Generating excess heat by fusion reactions; Wow

Removing the metal target 20 in a glow discharge effect zone 50; And

The removed solid metal target 20 is exposed to saturation by exposure to a gas plasma of hydrogen isotopes and consists of the steps described above being repeated.

The arrangement of the apparatus for obtaining heat by irradiating a hydrogen isotope to a solid according to the method of the present invention is a sealed case having a cooling shell 12 formed so that the coolant inlet tube 14 and the coolant outlet tube 16 face each other. The inner space of (10) is filled with a high-pressure hydrogen isotope, and the case 10 is attached to the outer peripheral surface at equal intervals by attaching a site 30 in which a plurality of disk-like conductive targets 20 are divided. It is installed with the same axis as the case 10 so as to rotate, the positive space positively charged anode 40 and the separated site 30 is detached from the target 20 into the space in the case 10 The movement means 31 for moving the area 32 and the separated site 30 and the attachment area 33 for attaching the moved site 30 to the target 20 are formed.

The outer periphery of the target 20 is formed by inserting a plurality of sites 30 at equal intervals so that detachment of the site 30 occurs.

The site 30 rotated while attached to the target 20 is detached from the target 20 in the site detachment area 32 and saturated, and then is saturated by the site moving means 31. 33) and reattached to the glow discharge zone 50.

An anode 40 is installed in the inner space of the case 10 to interact with the cathode.

The anode 40 forms a magnetic field by the input current and collects plasma gas into the magnetic field so that the manufactured case 10 does not dissolve even when a high temperature is generated due to fusion and induces an increase in temperature. To make it more active.

Performing the function of the positive electrode 40 in the present invention is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply to the target 20 on the disk made of a conductive material (not shown).

In the magnetic field between the cathode and the anode 40, the above-described glow discharge of the plasma occurs, and the glow discharge action zone 50 completely surrounds one site 30.

The site 30 is interposed between the outer layer 34 and the plurality of outer layers 34 having a hydrogen saturation ratio (H / Me) of more than 0.1 and having a predetermined coefficient of thermal expansion as described above, and the hydrogen saturation ratio ( H / Me) is 0.1 or less and consists of an intermediate layer 35 having a coefficient of thermal expansion in the range of 0.01 to 1 depending on the coefficient of thermal expansion of the outer layer 34.

The core of the method for obtaining heat by irradiating a hydrogen isotope according to the present invention to a solid is as follows.

The increase in the concentration of hydrogen atoms and the temperature formed for a short time in the site 30 and the glow discharge zone 50 where the hydrogen isotope is irradiated can ensure efficient progress of the fusion reaction in the hydrogen isotopes.

This process continues constantly as the sites 30 attached to the target 20 affected by the plasma of the glow discharge are replaced repeatedly.

The device constructed by the method of the present invention is exposed to the environment inside the high-pressure case 10 filled with hydrogen isotopes for a predetermined time, and a plurality of saturated sites 30 rotate at a predetermined speed (optimized by preliminary experiments). It is attached to the outer circumferential surface of the target 20 on the disk to be located in the glow discharge action zone 50 formed between the anode 40 and the cathode at equal intervals, the heat generated by the nuclear fusion due to the concentration of hydrogen and the impact of the accelerated ions This occurs, and the excess heat generated after quickly exiting from the glow discharge zone 50 (between 0.1 and 10 seconds) is obtained, and the stagnant site is again saturated with hydrogen isotopes so that the above process is repeated. 30 is to be detached using the site moving means 31 between the site detachment area 32 and the site attachment area 33.

Rapid heating of the site 30 introduced into the restricted glow discharge zone 50 causes the site 30 to be at a rate for optimal fusion reaction between temperature and concentration of hydrogen for a short time (between 0.1 and 10 seconds). To reach. This time was found to be sufficient time to cause a fusion reaction that secretes heat and tritium from hydrogen isotopes through experiments described later.

The starting point of excess heat can be recorded as a curve on the graph of the rate of change of temperature over time. In particular, the presence of this bend is evidence of the occurrence of excess heat.

Experiments showing that maximum tritium is formed when using a mixture of light and deuterium teach that tritium is dominantly formed from the reaction.

The maximum amount of tritium formed by the use of a mixture of light hydrogen and deuterium confers important properties on the production of tritium from the reaction.

p + e + D → T (˜6 KeV) + υ (˜5.98 MeV)

The formula reflects the well-known nature of hydrogen isotopes, which penetrate deep into electron films of united solid elements. It can be understood why the heat involved is difficult to record because the main energy in this reaction dissipates the neutral particulates.

It is clear that only about three times less tritium energy can be transformed into heat than is emitted by most nuclear reactions.

From the above, it is important to conclude that the main reaction that occurs when working with deuterium concentrated at less than 10 percent (%) of light water can be interactions.

p + e + p → D (˜2 KeV) + υ (-1.951 MeV)

It is important to note that no radioactive waste is present during this reaction.

The energy registered in this reaction is also about three times lower than most thermonuclear reactions. The rate of progress of such a reaction can be accurately estimated by the accompanying rate of tritium generation, mass spectrometry and changes in the peak mass values of 3 to 6.

Any possibility that the reaction to form helium in the compressed environment cannot be ruled out.

p + e + T → ⁴ H (~ 15 KeV) + ν (-19.8 MeV)

↓

^{4 He (~ 15 eV) +} β - (~ 15 KeV)

The reaction can already begin at about 673 degrees Celsius for the concentration of hydrogen from 0.5 to 0.9 (H / Me) in the metal. However, when the concentration decreases, the temperature required for the start of the reaction is about 1573 degrees Celsius when the ratio of hydrogen isotopes in the metal is about 0.1. Therefore, it is not allowed to expand the concentration above the hydrogen saturation ratio above 0.9 (H / Me) because there is a possibility of forming a continuous layer of hydroxide on the surface.

Consecutive layers of hydroxides formed with concentrations above hydrogen saturation ratios above 0.9 (H / Me) absorb the energy released, thus delaying the onset of temperature rise and increasing the rate of heat release at the end of the reaction run and at the end. May cause dissolution of the site 30.

In addition, when the hydrogen saturation ratio is lower than 0.1 (H / Me), concentration of the heat 30 may be required and the site 30 may be dissolved at the start of the reaction.

Due to the glow discharge energy, the rate of temperature rise at the site 30 of the target 20 is faster than 773 degrees Celsius per second, so that the required concentration of hydrogen isotopes in the metal required to start the heat-exhaust reaction at elevated temperatures. This is secured.

This unusual hydrogen retention time is determined by the delay of the stagnant flow in the diffusion of hydrogen. This time is defined as τd = L ² / 6D for a particular metal at a given temperature.

Where L is the thickness of the site 30 and D is the diffusion coefficient of the hydrogen isotope. The diffusion coefficient of hydrogen isotopes for most metals at a calculated temperature of 1573 degrees Celsius is in the range of 10 ⁻² to 10 ⁻⁴ cm ² / sec.

The delay time when the maximum value of the diffusion coefficient and the site 30 thickness is 1 to 1 millimeter is about 0.2 seconds.

The time taken for the concentration of hydrogen to form evenly throughout the site 30 is about 2 to 10 seconds.

Accordingly, the rate of temperature rise of the site 30 of the target 20 located within the glow discharge area 50, 773 degrees Celsius per second, is the minimum temperature for preserving the excess concentration of hydrogen isotopes in the metal for 1 to 10 seconds. Is calculated.

1273 degrees Celsius per second, which is the maximum rate of temperature rise, is practically the maximum rate because of the unevenness of the temperature distribution according to the depth of the target 20 as well as the concentrated energy inequality.

The generation of excess heat can be determined by increasing the rate of heating of the site 30 of the target 20.

As energy is continuously supplied to the target 20 for heating, and the energy released by radiation is enlarged, the rate of increase of temperature decreases sequentially with time, so that the rate of increase of temperature is increased again when supplementary heat occurs. And it is very easy to detect the fact that the change point appears in the graph of the temperature change rate of the target 20 over time.

For given conditions, the starting temperature of the heat-generating reaction can be estimated by examining the target 20 samples in advance, examining the temperature change over time and the energy produced.

The site 30 of the target 20, which is affected by the hydrogen isotope ions accelerated by the glow discharge plasma after the reaction of releasing the heat, quickly derives the plasma action from the glow discharge effect zone 50. It is further accelerated by the low-calorie fusion reaction that begins.

Hydrogen isotopes deposited at the site 30 have already been created from the site 30 of the target 20 to prevent overheating and dissolution of the site 30 after the fusion reaction has started and to prevent waste of energy at the start of the reaction. The glow discharge energy must be removed quickly. Therefore, the time taken to remove energy generated at the site 30 of the target 20 should not exceed 10 seconds.

For this reason, if the reaction that releases heat exceeds the glow discharge energy and becomes a self supporting reaction, it takes less than 0.1 second to lower the discharge energy.

Sites 30 of the target 20 that deviate from the glow discharge effect zone must be saturated with hydrogen isotopes again, and after saturation, the sites 30 enter the glow discharge effect zone 50 to perform nuclear fusion reactions.

The pressure value of the plasma forming gas in the case 10 plays an important role in the hydrogen saturation of the metal, which is proportional to the square root of the pressure at a given temperature and is directly proportional to the discharge flow.

In other words, by increasing the pressure, the time required to saturate the hydrogen isotope in the metal can be shortened.

The process by which hydrogen isotopes saturate the target 20 after the glow discharge plasma is activated is controlled by the diffusion that occurs when the temperature is lowered to near room temperature. Under these conditions, full saturation takes a long time, a few days. Accordingly, the use of materials with small particles and many pores can significantly reduce the time it takes for the metal to saturate hydrogen.

On the other hand, in the target 20 having a thickness of about 1 millimeter, the hydrogen saturation time cannot be shorter than the range of 0.1 to 1 hour.

The target 20 is solved by dividing the target 20 into multiple sites 30 to eliminate the short time effects of the glow discharge plasma on the area and subsequent gaps between the subsequent impacts.

The divided sites 30 are sequentially affected by the glow discharge plasma and again saturated with hydrogen isotopes.

The site 30 may be manufactured in a plate or sphere shape, and is configured to be detachable from the target 20 so that the site 30 moves along the rotating target 20 and in turn from the site 30 attachment region. With the help of the vehicle, it is introduced into the glow discharge effect area (50). In the site 30 attachment site, saturation and accumulation by the hydrogen isotope occurs in the process of moving the site 30 in the tumbler target 20 from the site 30 detachment zone to the site 30 attachment site.

The target 20 and the site 30 have three layers. The intermediate layer 35 of the target 20 and the site 30 formed of three layers is composed of molybdenum or tungsten, a material having a low hydrogen concentration, and the plurality of outer layers 34 facing the intermediate layer 35 are It consists of metals, such as palladium, niobium, or vanadium, which have high hydrogen absorption ability.

The target 20 and the site 30 having the above-described configuration generate an expansion force upon cooling and contraction force upon heating to the outer layer 34 when temperature change and sorption and divergence of hydrogen occur. This is because the coefficient of thermal expansion of the intermediate layer 35 is lower than that of the outer layer 34.

This contraction and expansion is further enhanced by the creation of secondary forces as the outer surface of the metal expands when the metal is saturated with hydrogen.

Hereinafter, specific experimental results for realizing the present invention will be described.

The first experimental unit is equipped with a resistive heating device and a high voltage supply system for glow discharge, which have an active plasma forming gas supply system, a pump system, and a power supply for heating a target, which can maintain and control a given pressure as follows. It consists of a vacuum chamber.

As a first sample made to have a hydrogen isotope effect on a metal target in a short time, a pupil cylinder (weight of about 10 kilograms, surface area of about 2 square meters) was placed into a vacuum chamber.

The sample contains 71 percent (%) iron by weight (Fe), 18 percent by weight chromium (Cr), 10 percent by weight nickel, and 1 percent by weight titanium (Ti) alloy. A new target consisting of (Fe) was further placed.

The iron target was positioned at the same axis as the sample composed of the alloy and heated to 1023 degrees Celsius using direct current.

In this experiment, when placing a heated metal target into an environment filled with hydrogen isotopes, the minimum time taken for the tritium generation to reach its highest point was determined, and thus the speed of progression was also determined.

The samples were placed coaxially in a vacuum chamber with a water cooling system.

The sample could be heated with a supply energy of up to 5 kilowatts (Kw) through a resistor made of molybdenum wire.

The vacuum chamber in which the experiment was conducted was cooled with water to remove heat from the experiment and prevent active condensation due to additional heat.

In the previous heating process, the temperature of the target sample was raised to 943 degrees Celsius.

The experiment was conducted by a pump system to ensure that the pressure in the initial vacuum chamber did not exceed 10 ^-3 Pascals (pa), then the target sample was heated to the expected start temperature of the fusion reaction and the vacuum chamber was evacuated over one to two hours. The target sample was then placed therein for 0.1 to 50 hours to fill the hydrogen and record the reaction rate (tritium generation rate) until the vacuum chamber pressure reached 5000 to 60000 Pascals.

For the above experiments, a mixture of general hydrogen enriched with 1.5 x 10 ^-2 percent deuterium and 95 percent deuterium and 5 percent light hydrogen enriched industrial deuterium and hydrogen isotopes in light hydrogen was used.

The error range of the measurement of the tritium content contained in the plasma forming gas is measured not to exceed ± 50%.

Since the basic endurance was short when filling normal hydrogen and deuterium or mixtures thereof into the vacuum chamber containing the sample heated to the temperature required for the operation, the experiment was carried out with the sample described above and repeated with the power off and on. .

The increase in activity in this experiment coincides with the rate of tritium generation, which is in line with the additional rate of heat generation.

The following table shows the results of this experiment.

Table 1 Experimental Results of Tritium Generation for Samples

material Current Temperature Heating time Endurance gas pressure Activity features Tritium generation rate tritiumgeneration rate A K h h Pa, x 10 ³ pul / 100s At / s At / sg At / scm2 FeFeFeAll.All. 12001200130012001350 10201020990850870 0.40.30.3143 0.0350.020.1-0.1 HHHHH 3030106830 1398175888435023913 2.6-10 ⁸ 6.7-10 ⁸ 6-10 ⁷ 6.5-10 ⁸ 3.4-10 ⁸ 8.1-10 ⁴ 2.1-10 ⁵ 1.9-10 ⁴ 3.3-10 ⁴ 2.1-10 ⁴ 6.5-10 ⁴ 1.6-10 ⁵ 1.4-10 ⁴ 3.2-10 ⁴ 2.1-10 ⁴

As shown in the diagram, in the interaction of hydrogen and deuterium, the short time tritium yield effect in the heated sample is that the basic amount of tritium generation time is short, only 10 to 30 seconds at about 1273 degrees Celsius. It clearly shows that it requires a heat combination of and must be concentrated on the operation of the nuclear reaction.

When the working temperature of the target sample can exceed 1273 degrees Celsius, the basic yield of the product due to the reaction occurs between 10 and 30 seconds, so that the reaction can be much faster at elevated temperatures, thus heating the target. The operating time of the plasma discharge to do so should not exceed several tens of seconds.

This proved to be 10 seconds, from 773 degrees Celsius per second to 1273 degrees per second, and the time for the target to deviate from the working zone 50 of the glow discharge plasma, which is the aforementioned heating rate range.

The hydrogen isotope cations impact the negative targets while heating the target using the effect of the glow discharge plasma, where excess heat generated by the low-calorie fusion reaction from the hydrogen isotope rotates the target sample and continues to flow. Obtained by adding.

The second experiment uses zirconium (Zr) and a plurality of niobium (Nb) plates (0.8 mm thick and 100 to 160 mm thick) or 10 to 40 mm high cylinders of similar thickness and diameter as targets.

The disc target was set to 0.5 to 40 revolutions per minute, and heating occurred only because of the action of the glow discharge plasma in normal hydrogen.

At this time, the pressure of the plasma generating gas was maintained in the range of 20000 to 60000 Pascals, and the discharge current was 2 to 2.5 amps (A), and the voltage was 200 to 1000 volts (V).

The temperature of the sample in the area where the discharge is concentrated can reach the melting point and lead to instability and destruction of the sample in controlling it.

Table 2 summarizes the results of this experiment.

Table 2 Characteristic experimental results for tritium generation and excess heat

material Rpm Temperature Temperature increase rate Experiment time pressure Voltage Characteristics of tritium generation ratio Input current Occurrence overheat Beg. Middle R / min K K / s h Pa · 10 ³ V At / sg Kw Kw Kw NbNbNbNbNbNbZrNbNb / Mo / NbNb-interv.0.1h 1694310.73161616 1570117013701420127012001070157015701570 1000900800700500400600100010001000 71216696262414555 33412633207241603333 50010008009005003007001200500500 ^{3 2} 4.2 to 10 7.4 to 10 8.3 to 10 7.3 to 10 ^{2 2 2} 2.2 to 10 8.5 to 10 1.7 to 10 ^{2 3} --- 1.152.21.842.071.250.871.752.41.151.15 0.720.550.500.640.350.150.150.940.620.62 0.080.060.060.070.040.04-0.10.070.23

As the sample rotates, the maximum potential of temperature is first displaced in tritium.

The magnitude of this dislocation increased in proportion to the rotational speed and became 5 to 10 millimeters under a given discharge condition. This potential shows that excess heat is generated when the temperature of the sample increases or hydrogen is released.

Calorimetry shows that intrinsic excess heat generation is only present at the initial stage of the experiment. This is because the concentration of hydrogen in the target is at its maximum, and as the experiment progresses, the target is introduced into the glow discharge zone without the hydrogen isotope being saturated.

It has already been mentioned that the rate of increase in the temperature of the target rises, the pressure of the gas forming the plasma, and the increase in the initial heat production of the doubler have been mentioned, and the initial generation of heat is more than 0.1 hours in the resting period between repeated actions on the target. The temperature increased markedly and the maximum temperature could easily reach the dissolution temperature.

The increase in rotational speed (including heating and cooling rates) and the double-air discharge mode were more stable and the dissolution of the target was significantly reduced.

Zrconium (Zr) had unstable discharge mode due to its high hydrogen affinity, frequent melting of the target, and no excessive heat generation. In addition, the hydrogen saturation ratio H / Me is higher in zirconium than niobium (Nb), so the hydrogen saturation ratio exceeds 2, but the niobium at elevated temperature does not exceed 1 in hydrogen saturation ratio.

Although the difference between the minimum temperature and the maximum temperature does not exceed 773 degrees Celsius, the heating rate reaches 1273 degrees Celsius per second at the maximum rotational speed.

As the pressure of the gas forming the plasma drops below 10,000 Pascals, the generation of excess heat decreases and the excess heat increases as the pressure of the hydrogen isotope rises.

Three-layer targets with a thickness of about 1 millimeter stacked in the form of niobium-molybdenum-niobium showed a marked increase in initial heat generation.

This initial heat can be used to improve the performance of the device.

In order to ensure that the initial heat generation is sustained when using targets with unpartitioned sites, the diameter of the disk-like target for the 0.1-hour rest period of the action of the glow-discharge plasma on a portion of the target even at the lowest rotational speed Should have 750 millimeters. To give a one-hour rest period to improve the saturation of hydrogen isotopes, the diameter of the target should already be several meters.

As described above, the method of acquiring thermal energy when irradiating a hydrogen isotope to a solid according to the present invention can increase the efficiency of low-calorie nuclear fusion reaction due to securing optimum conditions according to the concentration of temperature and hydrogen, and thus High excess heat can be obtained and economically superior effects can be obtained by allowing the use of a mixture of deuterium and light hydrogen.

Claims (10)

A method for obtaining thermal energy by irradiating a hydrogen target with a hydrogen isotope, comprising the steps of: preparing a solid metal target (20); Wow Exposing the target 20 to a gas plasma of hydrogen isotopes to saturate; Wow Introducing the saturated target 20 into the area of effect of the glow discharge plasma and heating it to thereby strike ions of the activated hydrogen isotope; Wow The hydrogen isotope saturated in the metal target 20 due to the price of the hydrogen isotope causes a fusion reaction; Wow Generating excess heat by fusion reactions; Wow Removing the metal target 20 in a glow discharge effect zone 50; And A method of obtaining thermal energy by irradiating a solid with an isotope of hydrogen, wherein the removed solid metal target (20) is exposed to a gas plasma composed of hydrogen isotopes and saturated, and the above-described steps are repeated. The method according to claim 1, wherein the time taken for saturation of the hydrogen isotope of the target (20) is performed in the range of 0.1 to 1 hour. The method of claim 1, wherein the target (20) is saturated with hydrogen isotopes under a pressure of 10000 to 1000000 Pascals (Pa). The target 20 is irradiated with a solid isotope of hydrogen isotope, characterized in that the hydrogen saturation rate (H / Me), which is the ratio of hydrogen to metal, is maintained in the range of 0.1 to 0.9. How to get it. 2. The hydrogen isotope of a solid according to claim 1, wherein the target 20 receives a price of activated hydrogen isotope while remaining in the range of 0.1 to 10 seconds in the glow discharge plasma zone 50. How to get thermal energy by irradiation. The method of claim 1, wherein the glow discharge plasma action zone 50 is characterized in that the discharge energy is selected so that the temperature rise rate of the target 20 is maintained in the range of 773 degrees Celsius per second to 1273 degrees Celsius per second. Method of obtaining thermal energy by irradiation on a solid. An apparatus for obtaining thermal energy by irradiating a hydrogen target with a hydrogen isotope, the sealed case 10 having a cooling shell 12 formed so that the coolant inlet tube 14 and the coolant outlet tube 16 face each other. The inner space of the high-pressure hydrogen isotope is filled, and the case 10 is attached to the outer circumferential surface by attaching the site 30 divided into a plurality of conductive targets 20 on the disk at equal intervals to rotate around the axis. It is installed with the same axis as the case 10 so that the positive space positive electrode 40 and the partitioned site 30 is detached from the target 20 in the space of the case 10 32 ) And a transport means (31) for moving the detached site (30) and an attachment area (33) for attaching the moved site (30) to the target (20) again. To obtain heat energy by irradiating the target Device. 8. The target layer (20) is composed of three layers, and the intermediate layer (35) has a hydrogen saturation ratio of 0.1 H / Me or more, has a slight thermal expansion coefficient, and is stacked facing the intermediate layer (35). Hydrogen isotope is irradiated to a solid target, characterized in that the hydrogen saturation ratio is less than 0.01 H / Me, and the coefficient of thermal expansion is composed of a plurality of outer layers 34 ranging from 0.01 to 1 with respect to the intermediate layer 35 Device for obtaining thermal energy. 8. The target energy of claim 7, wherein the target 20 is heat energy by irradiating a solid target with a hydrogen isotope, characterized in that the thickness ratio of the intermediate layer 35 to the outer layer 34 is in the range of 0.1 to 1. Device for obtaining. The method of claim 7, wherein the intermediate layer 35 is made of molybdenum (Mo) or tungsten (W), and the plurality of outer layers 34 are made of palladium (Pd), niobium (Nb), or vanadium (V). Apparatus for obtaining thermal energy by irradiating a hydrogen target with a hydrogen isotope characterized in that.