KR20020037904A - System and method for personal web browser automatic log on by using media, and media for storing program source thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A system and a method for automatic log-on of a customized personal web browser and a recording medium recorded with a program source are provided to automatically log on a system by installing an automatic log-on program in a user terminal and by using a recording medium recorded with the automatic log-on program. CONSTITUTION: The system comprises a recording medium(30) to store automatic log-on information, a recording medium reader(40) to read and output the automatic log-on information out of the recording medium, and a user terminal(50) to recognize the automatic log-on information inputted via the recording medium reader, to drive an automatic log-on program by using the automatic log-on information and to automatically log on a predetermined web browser. The user terminal includes a first program storage(51), a recording medium check module(52), an information recognition module(53), a web browser drive module(54), a recognized information support module(55), and a first program renewal support module(56).

Description

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PERSONAL WEB BROWSER AUTOMATIC LOG ON BY USING MEDIA, AND MEDIA FOR STORING PROGRAM SOURCE THEREOF}

The present invention relates to a system and method for automatically logging on a personalized web browser using a recording medium, and a recording medium recording a program source thereof.

More specifically, an automatic log-on program is installed in a user terminal to which a recording medium reader can be connected, and log-on data is recorded on a predetermined recording medium, so that the system can be automatically logged on using the recording medium. The present invention relates to a system and method for automatically logging on a personalized web browser using a recording medium, and a recording medium recording a program source thereof.

In general, in order to use the Internet, it is common for a user to directly input a specific URL by running a predetermined web browser or to access a desired web site by using a bookmark function.

In order to improve the user's direct input method as described above, it is possible to connect to the Internet using a recording medium (hereinafter, abbreviated as 'recording medium') capable of recording data such as an IC card. System is introduced to the user.

The Internet access support system using the recording medium stores a URL of the website in the memory area of the IC card, reads the URL information, and accesses the website. However, the execution speed is slow and the information is stored. There was a problem that excessive capacity is required.

In addition, since the Internet access support system using the recording medium cannot be customized browser service for the user's convenience, it is difficult to see a more effective and useful browser service.

In addition, when a user wants to register as a member in a specific website that has online access, the member information must be entered manually. When registering as a member in multiple sites, it is very troublesome to input the same member information every time. There was this.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to install an automatic log-on program in a user terminal to which a recording medium reader can be connected so as to solve the above-mentioned problems, and record the log-on data on a predetermined recording medium to automatically operate the system using the recording medium. The present invention provides a system and method for automatically logging on a personalized web browser using a recording medium that supports log-on, and a recording medium recording the program source.

In order to achieve the above object, a first embodiment of the present invention provides a recording medium storing automatic log on information, and a recording medium reader for reading and outputting automatic log on information stored in the recording medium. And recognize the automatic log-on information input through the recording medium reader, drive the automatic log-on program using the recognized automatic log-on information, and automatically drive the preset web browser as a result of the automatic log-on program. It includes a user terminal to log on.

According to a second embodiment of the present invention for achieving the above object, (1) the user terminal checks the signal read through the recording medium reader connected to the user terminal using the installed automatic log on program, and (2) Determining whether information corresponding to a log-on area exists among the signals read by the recording medium reader; and (3) when information corresponding to a log-on area exists on the recording medium, automatically from the log-on area. The method may include reading log-on information, transmitting a preset initial screen to the user terminal, and supporting automatic log-on through the initial screen.

A third embodiment of the present invention for achieving the above object, (a) a process for checking the signal read through the recording medium reader connected to the user terminal using an automatic log on program, and (b) the recording medium reader Determining whether information corresponding to the log-on area exists among the signals read through the method; and (c) when information corresponding to the log-on area exists on the recording medium, automatic log-on information is obtained from the log-on area. The process of reading and transmitting a preset initial screen to the user terminal and supporting automatic log on through the initial screen.

1 is a view for explaining a personal web browser automatic log-on system using a recording medium according to the present invention,

2 is a view for explaining an embodiment of a file structure in a recording medium applied to FIG. 1;

3 is a view for explaining another embodiment of a file structure in a recording medium applied to FIG. 1;

4 is a screen diagram for explaining an embodiment of a custom browser applied to the present invention;

5 is a flowchart illustrating a method for automatically logging on a personalized web browser using a recording medium according to the present invention.

* Description of Signs of Main Parts of Drawings *

10: network communication network 20: affiliated sites

30: recording medium 40: recording medium reader

50: user terminal 60: issuing server

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The present invention below provides an issuing server for providing an automatic log-on program, at least one user terminal that can be connected to a network communication network to the issuing server, and capable of connecting to a recording medium reader, and a recording medium for recording automatic log-on data. Interconnecting the two, reading the automatic log-on data recorded on the recording medium by using the recording medium reader, and using the read-out automatic log-on data recording medium for automatically logging on the screen to the customized web browser The personalized web browser automatic log-on system and method used will be described as a preferred embodiment, but the technical idea of the present invention is not limited to this and can be variously modified by those skilled in the art.

In addition, the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes embodiments such as a computer system and a computer program product programmed to execute the method of the present invention. According to an embodiment of a computer system, a set of instructions for carrying out a method resides in one or more memories (RAM), which sets of other computer memory, such as, for example, a hard disk, until needed by the computer system. Can be stored as a computer program product.

1 is a view for explaining a personal web browser automatic log-on system using a recording medium according to the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, the network communication network 10 includes both wired and wireless communication networks including the Internet, infrastructure, and WAP, and supports various contents online. do.

The plurality of affiliated sites 20 may establish an online connection with the terminal 50 of the user through the network communication network 10, and provide various contents to the user who has made an online connection.

That is, the affiliate site 20 has an alliance with an issuing server 60 that supports issuing a recording medium 30 that records automatic log-on data, or the user has the recording medium 30. Refer to websites corresponding to favorite information recorded in the "

The recording medium 30 has predetermined memory areas 31 and 31a which are divided into areas having log on information, areas having issuer information and / or areas having affiliate information, each of which has log on. It stores information, issuer information, and affiliate information.

In addition, separate recording areas 32 and 32a are linked to the log-on area, and the following automatic log on information is recorded in the separate recording areas 32 and 32a. The automatic log on information may be additionally recorded by the user or easily changed such as deletion.

The key information is used to protect the information recorded in the log-on area and to change the information recorded in the log-on area, and the member ID of the user stored in the recording medium when the user registers. Corresponding password information, user information entered when the user registers as a member, bookmark information stored by the user as a bookmark for the website, and identification information and issuing company of an affiliate corresponding to the affiliate information area. Identification information may be further added.

Meanwhile, the recording medium 30 in which the automatic log on information is recorded may be directly issued by a user or may be issued through a predetermined issuer in an offline state.

When the user directly issues a recording medium as described above, the user should have a recording medium writer (not shown in the figure), and first make an online log-on function after issuing an online connection to the issuing server 60. A request for use is made, and in response to the request, the issuing server 60 receives user information for member registration and supports automatic installation of a logon program to be installed on the terminal 50 of the user registered as the member. If the user automatically logs on using the user terminal 50, the issuing server 60 continuously updates the automatic log on program using the user information.

Of course, the method in which the user installs the automatic log on program on the user terminal 50 is provided with an automatic log on program recorded on a recording medium such as a CD in an offline state rather than an online state. Can be installed in the user terminal 50.

The recording medium reader 40 reads the automatic log-on information stored in the recording medium 30, that is, log-on information, issuer information, and affiliate information, and transmits it to the user terminal 50.

The user terminal 50 recognizes the automatic log on information input through the recording medium reader 40, drives the automatic log on program using the recognized automatic log on information, and the driving result of the automatic log on program. , To automatically log on to a preset web browser.

The automatic logon program has a URL of a predetermined website, which can be set by default by the issuer or at the request of a user.

The user terminal 50 includes first program storage means 51 for storing an automatic log on program for supporting the user terminal to perform an automatic log on function, and a recording medium in the recording medium reader 40. (30) is inserted, and when the recording medium 30 is inserted into the recording medium reader 40, the signal transmitted from the recording medium reader 40 is analyzed to check whether a log-on area exists. If a log-on area exists in the recording medium 30 as a result of the check of the recording medium checking module 52 and the recording medium checking module 52, a password is requested to the user, Compared to the recorded password, if the match is found, the information recorded in the log-on information area is read to provide the user with a customized browser, and the initial website link information is read. A web browser driving module 54 for supporting online access to a predetermined web site by using the information recognizing module 53 and the initial web site link information input from the information recognizing module 53; Recognition information transmission support module 55 for reading the user information of the information read by the recording medium reader 40 to transmit to the issuing server 60, and the automatic log-on program stored in the first program storage means (51) Recognizing the current version of the new version of the automatic log-on program than the current version is transmitted from the issuing server 60, the automatic log-on program of the current version stored in the first program storage means 51 And a first program update support module 56 for updating with an automatic log on program.

In addition, if the affiliate information or the issuer information does not exist as a result of the determination using the read-out information of the log-on information area, the information recognizing module 53 scans an area other than the log-on information area to display the affiliate information or the issuer. Read the information.

In addition, the website which makes an initial online connection by the web browser driving module 54 is a website selected according to a user's request among affiliated sites, or a website provided by the issuing server 60.

On the other hand, the recognition information transmission support module 55, when a user needs to register a member on the affiliated site 20, the user information to be provided to the affiliated site 20 is recorded on the recording medium 30 It supports inputting information.

The issuing server 60 recognizes automatic log-on when the user terminal 50 is automatically logged on through the network communication network 10, and the current version of the automatic log-on program installed in the user terminal 50. Read and update to the new version.

That is, the issuing server 60 is the second program storage means 61 for storing the automatic log-on program that is updated from time to time by the system operator, and when the user terminal 50 is automatically logged on, the user terminal Read the current version of the automatic log-on program installed in the current version, and compared with the version of the automatic log-on program stored in the second program storage means 61, if stored in the second program storage means 61 if the old version And a second automatic log-on program update support module 62 for downloading the automatic log-on program to the user terminal 50.

The issuing server 60 is a server for issuing the recording medium 30. When the recording medium 30 is issued, the issuing server 60 receives user information through a user and registers it as a member. By using the terminal information continuously updating the automatic log-on program irrespective of the user's intention as described above, the user terminal 50 can always be installed with the latest version of the automatic log-on program.

Meanwhile, the recording medium reader 40 may be built in the user terminal 50 or may be installed externally in the user terminal 50.

In addition, the recording medium 30 may include an RF chip, an IC chip, a memory chip, a magnetic stripe, a tag, a floppy disk, a CD-ROM, a flash memory, and the like.

In addition, the user terminal 50 may include a PC, a home electronic communication device capable of driving a web browser, a digital TV, a set-top box, a mobile communication terminal, and the like.

After the user terminal 50 performs the automatic log on, the customized browser provided on the screen of the user terminal 50 includes a basic menu area 101, a basic menu toolbar area 102, and at least one affiliate icon. An area 103 having a web site, an area 104 having favorite website information generated by the user, an area 106 having at least one banner advertisement icon, and a website server providing screen area 105 It is divided into

The website server providing screen area 105 is a screen produced and provided by a website preset by the automatic log on program.

With reference to the accompanying drawings, the operation of the automatic personal web browser automatic log-on system using the recording medium according to the present invention configured as described above will be described in more detail.

5 is a flowchart illustrating a method for automatically logging on a personalized web browser using a recording medium according to the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 5, when an operating system (OS) of a user terminal (50 of FIG. 1) having an automatic log on program is installed by the user (S101), the user terminal (50 of FIG. 1) is executed. The recording medium check module (52 in FIG. 1) automatically executes the recording medium check program (S102) to check whether the recording medium (30 in FIG. 1) is inserted into the recording medium reader (40 in FIG. 1) ( S103).

As a result of checking in step S103, when the recording medium (30 in FIG. 1) is inserted into the recording medium reader (40 in FIG. 1), the recording medium reader (40 in FIG. 1) is connected to the recording medium (30 in FIG. 1). Information stored in the memory area 31 of FIG. 2 (31a of FIG. 3) is read (S104).

The recording medium reader 40 of FIG. 1 transmits the read information to the information recognition module 53 of FIG.

The information recognizing module 53 of FIG. 1 determines whether log-on area information exists in the transmitted information (S105), and when the log-on area information exists, the information recognition module (53 of FIG. 1) drives a customized browser preset in an automatic log-on program. In operation S106, the preset initial screen is output on the screen of the user terminal 50.

In addition, a guide message is output on the initial screen so that a user can input a password (S107), and a window for inputting the password is output along with a guide message.

When the user inputs a password through the password input window, the information recognizing module 53 of FIG. 1 may read the password input by the user and password information read from the log-on area of the recording medium 30. By comparison, it is determined whether they match (S108).

As a result of the determination of step S108, when the password input by the user and the password recorded in the log-on area match, a customized browser is output on the screen of the user terminal 50 of FIG. 1 (S109).

The information recognizing module (53 of FIG. 1) outputting the customized browser on the screen of the user terminal (50 of FIG. 1) through the process S109 may be issued from the log-on area of the recording medium (30 of FIG. 1). The information is read (S111).

As a result of reading through the process S111, it is determined whether the issuer and the affiliate information exist in the log-on area (S112). When the issuer and the affiliate information exist in the log-on area, the information recognition module (refer to FIG. 1). 53) reads the issuer and affiliate information, converts the information into a corresponding icon, and supports the icon to be displayed in one region 103 of FIG. 4 (S113).

As a result of the determination of step S112, when there is no issuer or affiliate information in the log-on area, the information recognizing module 53 of FIG. 1 performs issuer information area and affiliate information of the recording medium 30 of FIG. The region is read, and the issuer identification information and the affiliated company identification information are read (S114).

The information recognition module 53 of FIG. 1 performs the process of S113 again using the issuer identification information and the partner identification information read through the process S114, and displays an affiliate icon on one side region 103 of FIG. Support this to be displayed.

The information recognition module 53 of FIG. 1 reads favorite information recorded in the log-on area of the recording medium 30 of FIG. 1 (S115), and reads website information corresponding to the read favorite information. It supports to be displayed on one side region (104 of FIG. 4) of the customized browser (S116).

The information recognition module 53 of FIG. 1 reads the automatic access information set in the customized browser program and supports the automatic access information to be transmitted to the web browser driving module 54 of FIG. The module 54 of FIG. 1 supports automatic access to a website corresponding to the automatic access information (S117).

The server of the website which is automatically connected to the user terminal (50 in FIG. 1) is a server preset by the user or an issuing server (60 in FIG. 1).

In addition, the information recognition module 53 of FIG. 1 supports to output a banner advertisement image and a website screen transmitted from the website automatically connected by the web browser driving module 54 of FIG. 1 to a customized browser window. (S118).

As described above, in the present invention, first, since the user can log on to a predetermined recording medium and possess the log on information for logging on any website, he can always have his own website information. If you want to access the website using a terminal other than the terminal of the, it provides an effect that can eliminate the hassle of finding the address of the website.

Second, since the recording medium applied to the present invention can easily re-record information using a card writer, since the log-on information recorded on the recording medium can be easily modified, the user always changes the log-on information to the latest information. It has the effect of having it.

Third, since the present invention randomly sends a company promotional advertisement to the user's screen, the temporary effect of the current banner advertisement on the Internet, that is, the existing advertisement information is replaced with other advertisement information when moved to another site, the advertisement Although the effect does not persist, the present invention provides an effect that the advertisement information set in advance can be displayed even when moving to another site.

Fourth, the present invention provides the effect that, when the customized browser window is executed, the web content can be accessed to the user most efficiently through the initial website screen.

Fifth, the present invention can form a strong community by operating a member through a recording medium, and provides an effect of efficiently managing members.

Claims (32)

A recording medium storing automatic log on information; A recording medium reader for reading and outputting automatic log-on information stored in the recording medium; Recognizes automatic log-on information input through the recording medium reader, drives the automatic log-on program using the recognized automatic log-on information, and automatically logs a preset web browser as a result of the automatic log-on program. Personal web browser automatic log-on system using a recording medium, characterized in that configured to include a user terminal to be turned on. The method of claim 1, When the user terminal is automatically logged on through a network communication network, the server further recognizes automatic log-on, reads the current version of the automatic log-on program installed in the user terminal, and further includes an issuing server for updating to a new version. Personalized web browser automatic log-on system using a recording medium, characterized in that configured. The recording medium reader of claim 1, Personal web browser automatic log-on system using a recording medium, characterized in that the built-in to the user terminal. The recording medium reader of claim 1, Personal web browser automatic log-on system using a recording medium, characterized in that the external installation on the user terminal. The method of claim 1, wherein the recording medium, Personalized web browser automatic log-on system using a recording medium, which is one of RF chip, IC chip, memory chip, magnetic stripe, tag, floppy disk, CD-ROM, and flash memory. 6. The recording medium according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the recording medium is Personalized web browser automatic log-on system using a recording medium, which is divided into an area having log-on information, an area having issuer information, and / or an area having affiliate information, and storing corresponding information. . The method of claim 6, wherein the log on area, Key information used to protect information recorded in the log-on area and to change information recorded in the log-on area; Password information corresponding to a member ID of the user stored in the recording medium when the user registers a member; User information input by the user when registering a member; And Personalized web browser automatic log-on system using a recording medium, characterized in that the user has a bookmark information that stores the website for bookmarking use. The method of claim 7, wherein the log on area, Personal web browser automatic log-on system using a recording medium, characterized in that it further comprises at least one or more of the identification information and the issuer identification information of the partner corresponding to the affiliate information area. The method of claim 1, wherein the user terminal, Personalized web browser automatic log-on system using a recording medium, characterized in that any one of a PC, a home electronic communication device that can run a web browser, a digital TV, a set-top box, a mobile communication terminal. The method of claim 1 or 9, wherein the user terminal, Driving program storage means for storing an automatic log-on program for enabling the user terminal to perform an automatic log-on function; A recording medium checking module for checking whether a recording medium is inserted into the recording medium reader, and if a recording medium is inserted into the recording medium reader, analyzing whether a log on area exists by analyzing a signal transmitted from the recording medium reader; As a result of the check of the recording medium check module, if a log-on area exists in the recording medium, a password is requested to the user, compared with the password recorded in the recording medium, and if it matches, An information recognition module that reads information and provides a customized browser to the user, and reads and outputs initial website link information; And Personal web browser automatic log-on system using a recording medium, characterized in that consisting of a web browser driving module for reading the initial website link information input from the information recognition module to support online access to the initial website. The method of claim 10, wherein the user terminal, Personal identification web browser automatic log-on system using a recording medium, characterized in that it further comprises a recognition information transmission support module for reading and transmitting the user information from the information read by the recording medium reader to the outside. The method of claim 10, wherein the user terminal, Recognizing the current version of the automatic log-on program stored in the program storage means, and when a newer version of the automatic log-on program than the current version is transmitted from the outside, the new version of the automatic log-on program stored in the program storage means Personal web browser automatic log-on system using a recording medium, characterized in that it further comprises a first program update support module for updating with the automatic log-on program. The method of claim 10, wherein the custom browser, An area having at least one affiliate icon; An area having bookmarked website information generated by the user; An area having at least one banner advertisement icon; And Personal web browser automatic log-on system using a recording medium, characterized in that divided into the website server providing screen area. The method of claim 10, wherein the information recognition module, When the affiliated information or the issuer information does not exist as a result of the determination using the read-out information of the log-on information area, the record characterized in that scanning the area other than the log-on information area to read the affiliate information or the issuer information Automatic logon system for personalized web browser using the media. (1) checking a signal read through a recording medium reader connected to the user terminal using an automatic log on program installed in the user terminal; (2) determining whether information corresponding to a log-on area exists among signals read through the recording medium reader; And (3) When information corresponding to a log on area exists in the recording medium, automatic log on information is read from the log on area, and a preset initial screen is transmitted to the user terminal, and automatically transmitted through the initial screen. Automatic log-on method for personalized web browser using a recording medium, characterized in that the process to support the log on. The method of claim 15, wherein the process (3), The user transmits a guide message through the initial screen so that the user can input preset password information, and if the user inputs password information in response to the guide message, it is determined whether the password matches the password recorded in the log-on area. And determining and outputting a personalized browser preset by the user if a match is found. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein when the issuer / affiliate information is included in the log-on area, the issuer / affiliate information is read, converted to have an icon form, and added to the custom browser, and the log-on area If the issuer / affiliate information is not included in the personal information using the recording medium further comprises the step (4) of reading the issuer / affiliate information area of the recording medium and adding it to the custom browser How to log on web browser automatically. The method of claim 15, When the user terminal is automatically logged on through a network communication network, recognizing automatic log-on, reading the current version of the automatic log-on program installed in the user terminal, and updating the new version to a new version (4). Personalized web browser automatic log-on method using a recording medium, characterized in that made. The method of claim 15, wherein the recording medium, Personalized web browser automatic log-on method using a recording medium, characterized in that the RF chip, IC chip, memory chip, magnetic stripe, tag, floppy disk, CD-ROM, flash memory. 20. The recording medium according to any one of claims 15 and 19, wherein Method for automatically logging on to a personalized web browser using a recording medium, which is divided into an area having log on information, an area having issuer information, and / or an area having affiliate information, and storing corresponding information. . The method of claim 20, wherein the log on area, Key information used to protect information recorded in the log-on area and to change information recorded in the log-on area; Password information corresponding to a member ID of the user stored in the recording medium when the user registers a member; User information input by the user when registering a member; Personalized web browser automatic log-on method using a recording medium, characterized in that the user has a bookmark information that stores the website for bookmarking use. The method of claim 21, wherein the log on area, Method for automatically logging on personal personalized web browser using a recording medium, characterized in that it further has at least one or more of the identification information and the issuer identification information of the partner corresponding to the affiliate information area. The method of claim 15, wherein the user terminal, Personalized web browser automatic log-on method using a recording medium, characterized in that any one of a PC, a home electronic communication device that can run a web browser, a digital TV, a set-top box, a mobile communication terminal. (a) checking a signal read through a recording medium reader connected to the user terminal using an automatic log on program installed in the user terminal; (b) determining whether there is information corresponding to a log-on area among signals read through the recording medium reader; And (c) If information corresponding to a log-on area exists in the recording medium, automatic log-on information is read from the log-on area, and a preset initial screen is transmitted to the user terminal. A recording medium for recording a personal web browser automatic log-on program source using a recording medium. The method of claim 24, wherein step (c) The user transmits a guide message through the initial screen so that the user can input preset password information, and if the user inputs password information in response to the guide message, it is determined whether the password matches the password recorded in the log-on area. And a process of outputting a customized browser preset by the user when it is determined to match the recording medium, wherein the personalized web browser automatic log-on program source is recorded using the recording medium. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein if the issuer / affiliate information is included in the log-on area, the issuer / affiliate information is read, converted to have an icon form, and added to the custom browser, and the log-on area If the issuer / affiliate information is not included in the personalization using the recording medium, further comprising the step of reading the issuer / affiliate information area of the recording medium and adding it to the custom browser (d) Recording medium that records web browser automatic logon program source. The method of claim 24, When the user terminal is automatically logged on through a network communication network, recognizing automatic log-on, reading the current version of the automatic log on program installed in the user terminal, and updating the new version to a new version (d). Recording medium recording a personal web browser automatic log-on program source using a recording medium, characterized in that made. The method of claim 24, wherein the recording medium, Recording medium recording the personalized web browser automatic log-on program source using the recording medium, which is one of RF chip, IC chip, memory chip, magnetic stripe, tag, floppy disk, CD-ROM, and flash memory. 29. The recording medium of claim 25 or 28, wherein the recording medium is Personalized web browser automatic log-on program using a recording medium, which is divided into an area having log-on information, an area having issuer information, and / or an area having affiliate information, and storing corresponding information. Recording medium recording the source. The method of claim 27, wherein the log on area, Key information used to protect information recorded in the log-on area and to change information recorded in the log-on area; Password information corresponding to a member ID of the user stored in the recording medium when the user registers a member; User information input by the user when registering a member; And And a recording medium for recording a personal web browser automatic log-on program source using a recording medium, wherein the user has bookmark information storing the website for bookmarking purposes. The method of claim 30, wherein the log on area, And a personalized web browser automatic log-on program source recorded using a recording medium, characterized in that it further comprises at least one of identification information and issuer identification information of the affiliate company corresponding to the affiliate information area. The method of claim 24, wherein the user terminal, Personalized web browser automatic log-on method using a recording medium, characterized in that any one of a PC, a home electronic communication device that can run a web browser, a digital TV, a set-top box, a mobile communication terminal.