KR20020011563A - Fast kinetics lithium-sulfur batteries - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: Provided is a lithium-sulfur battery showing a fast electrochemical reaction and having excellent discharge property, which contains an electrolyte containing a lithium salt, a weak polar solvent, and a strong polar solvent. CONSTITUTION: The lithium-sulfur battery comprises: a cathode containing lithium metal or lithium alloy as a cathode active material; an anode containing an anode active material and an electrically conductive material and additionally a first additive such as an inorganic compound, an organic compound, and an electroactive substance or a second additive such as transition metal, IIIA and IVA group metal, and etc., wherein the anode active material contains at least one sulfur material selected from the group consisting of sulfur atom, Li2Sn(n>=1), an organic sulfur compound, and a carbon-sulfur polymer; the electrolyte containing the lithium salt such as lithium trifluoromethanesulfonimide, the weak polar solvent such as xylene and tetrahydrofuran, and the strong polar solvent such as hexamethyl phosphoric triamide. When the lithium-sulfur battery is reduced, a first reduction peak of a cyclic voltammetry is shown at 2.4-2.0V at a scan speed of less than 0.1mV/s.

Description

Lithium-Sulfur battery with fast electrochemical reactions {FAST KINETICS LITHIUM-SULFUR BATTERIES}

[Industrial use]

The present invention relates to a lithium-sulfur battery, and more particularly to a lithium-sulfur battery exhibiting a fast electrochemical reaction.

[Prior art]

The lithium-sulfur battery uses a sulfur-based compound having a sulfur-sulfur combination as a cathode active material, and a carbon-based material in which an alkali metal such as lithium or metal ions such as lithium ions are inserted and removed. As a secondary battery used as a negative electrode active material, an oxidation-reduction in which a reduction in the number of oxides of S occurs during the reduction reaction (discharge) and an oxidation-reduction in which the number of oxides of S decreases during the oxidation reaction (charge). Reactions are used to store and generate electrical energy.

In the lithium-sulfur battery, a material capable of dissolving polysulfide is used as an electrolyte.

US Pat. No. 6,030,720 (PolyPlus Battery, Inc.) discloses an electrolyte for lithium-sulfur batteries of R ₁ (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _n R ₂ (n is 2 to 10 and R ₁ and R ₂ are alkyl or alkoxy groups). Composite solvents are described which comprise a compound as a main solvent and a co-solvent having a solvent having a donor number of at least 15. Also described is a liquid electrolyte comprising a solvent having at least one of crown ether, cryptand, donor solvent. In addition, an electrolytic solution that discharges the lithium-sulfur battery and subsequently becomes a cathode is described.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a lithium-sulfur battery which exhibits a fast electrochemical reaction.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a lithium-sulfur battery having excellent charging characteristics.

1 is a graph showing a cyclic voltammogram of a lithium-sulfur battery of the present invention.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material of lithium metal or lithium alloy; A positive electrode including a positive electrode active material including at least one sulfur-based material selected from the group consisting of elemental sulfur, Li ₂ S _n (n ≧ 1), an organic sulfur compound, and a carbon-sulfur polymer; And an electrolyte comprising a lithium salt and an organic solvent of a weak polar solvent and a strong polar solvent.

The electrolyte is an aryl compound, a cyclic compound, a heterocyclic compound containing N, O and S, R ₁ OR ₂ (R ₁ and R ₂ is alkyl), acyclic carbonate, solvent with a dielectric constant of less than 15 and nonpolar Weak polar solvent selected from the group consisting of solvent and R ₁ (CO) _n R ₂ , R ₁ (CO) _n R ₂ OR ₃ , R ₁ (CO ₂ ) _n R ₂ , R ₁ (CO ₂ ) _n R ₂ OR ₃ , R ₁ (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _n R ₂ (n ≧ 1, R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ is a solvent having a structure of alkyl, aryl, allyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy group), Cyclic carbonates, strong polar solvents selected from the group consisting of solvents with dielectric constants greater than 15.

When the lithium-sulfur battery is discharged, polysulfide (S _n ⁻¹ , S _n ⁻² , where n ≧ 2) or sulfide (S ⁻² ) is generated at the positive electrode and is present in a dissolved state in the electrolyte. However, precipitation may occur if their concentrations exceed the solubility in the electrolyte. The solubility of the elemental sulfur, which is one of the positive electrode active materials, in the electrolyte is preferably 0.5 mM or more, and for the production of high capacity batteries, elemental sulfur of polysulfide (S _n ^-1 , S _n ^-2 , where n ≧ 2) sulfur) concentration is preferably at least 2 M or more.

Reducing (discharging) the lithium-sulfur battery results in the first reduction peak of cyclic voltammetry at a voltage of 2.4-2.0 V at a scan rate of 0.1 mV / s during the first reduction reaction, and the second reduction peak. Appears at a voltage between 2.2 and 1.7 V, and the first oxidation peak appears above the 1.8 V voltage.

The positive electrode may further include a first additive selected from the group consisting of an inorganic compound, an organic compound and an electroactive polymer selected from the group consisting of polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyrrole, polyphenylene, and derivatives thereof. Or a second additive selected from the group consisting of transition metals, group IIIA metals, group IVA metals, sulfur compounds thereof and alloys thereof in order to promote the electrochemical reaction of polysulfide or sulfur.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.

The present invention relates to a lithium-sulfur battery that exhibits a fast redox reaction. The lithium-sulfur battery uses an oxidation-reduction reaction in which the number of oxidation of S decreases as the SS bond is broken during the reduction reaction (discharge), and the SS bond is formed again as the oxidation number of S increases during the oxidation reaction (charging). Since the battery generates electrical energy, if the redox reaction occurs quickly, the high rate characteristic of the battery can be improved. In particular, it is possible to improve charging characteristics and efficiency, which are emerging as the biggest problems of lithium-sulfur batteries.

In the present invention, three methods were largely used to promote the redox reaction of the lithium-sulfur battery. First is the use of additives to promote the electrochemical reaction of polysulfides. Second, an electrolyte that dissolves sulfur, lithium sulfide, and lithium polysulfide is used. Since sulfur is a nonpolar material and the remainder is an ionic compound, a mixed solvent of a weak polar aprotic solvent and a strong polar aprotic solvent is used as the main solvent of the electrolyte. Third, make an anode with a stable interconnected electric matrix. This requires the use of a binder that is poorly soluble in the electrolyte.

In more detail, the above-mentioned three methods are described in detail. First, a catalyst capable of promoting an electrochemical reaction may be used. First, a first additive may be used to stabilize the product by forming a complex with the product during a redox reaction. Second, a second additive is used which promotes electron transfer to sulfur or chemically reacts with polysulfide and consequently accelerates the electrochemical reaction. The first additive may be an inorganic or organic compound, polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyrrole, polyphenyl, which may complex with polysulfide or perform an electrochemical reaction in which a homogeneous chemical reaction is coupled. An ene or an electrically active polymer which is a derivative thereof can be used as a catalyst. Further, the second additive may further include one or more additives of transition metals, group IIIA metals, group IVA metals, sulfur compounds thereof, and alloys thereof. The transition metals include Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, Ta, W, Re , Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, and the like, Al, Ga, In, Tl, etc. are included in the group IIIA metal, and Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, etc. are included in the group IVA metal.

In lithium-sulfur batteries, the electrolyte includes a lithium salt, which is a supporting electrolyte, and an organic solvent. This organic solvent must dissolve sulfur element (S ₈ ) and polysulfide (S _n ^-1 , S _n ^-2 , where n ≧ 2) and have a good affinity with a lithium negative electrode. The elemental sulfur, theoretically in a fully oxidized state, is a nonpolar material and therefore soluble in nonpolar or weakly polar solvents. The sulfur oxidation number of polysulfide (S _n ^-1 , S _n ^-2 , where n ≥2) or sulfide (S ^-2 ), which is a discharge product of elemental sulfur, is greater than 0 and less than -2 [where the oxidation number is (charge amount / Defined as sulfur chain length.] Polysulfides with sulfur oxidation numbers close to zero are expected to dissolve in weak polar solvents, but strong polar solvents are required to dissolve polysulphides with sulfur oxides above -1. Therefore, in order to dissolve polysulfide in a wide range of oxidation water, it is basically required to use a mixed solvent including a weak polar solvent and a strong polar solvent as the electrolyte, and in general, the higher the solubility of polysulfide, the larger the discharge capacity of the battery. lithium-polysulfide of the precipitation conditions in order to have a high capacity and good sulfur battery life can be formed in the discharge ^{_{(S n -1, S n -2}} , W Standing n ≥2) and sulfide (S ^-2) that the selection of appropriate organic liquid electrolyte to participate in the electrochemical reaction upon charging is necessary, especially up the rapid oxidation reaction of the electrolyte solution made of charge in the charge resulting in low voltage Is required.

In the present invention, a mixed solvent of a weak polar solvent and a strong polar solvent is used as a solvent of the electrolyte. Weakly polar solvents include aryl compounds, cyclic compounds and heterocyclic compounds containing N, O and S, R ₁ OR ₂ (R ₁ and R ₂ are alkyl and are in the form of cyclic ethers or acyclic ethers), Acyclic carbonate, a solvent having a dielectric constant of less than 15, and an aprotic solvent capable of dissolving elemental sulfur. Specific examples of weak polar solvents include xylene, dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 2,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, toluene, and the like. Can be mentioned. Strongly polar solvents include R ₁ (CO) _n R ₂ , R ₁ (CO) _n R ₂ OR ₃ , R ₁ (CO ₂ ) _n R ₂ , R ₁ (CO ₂ ) _n R ₂ OR ₃ , R ₁ ( CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _n R ₂ (n ≥ 1, R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ is an alkyl, aryl, allyl, alkenyl, alkoxy group) solvent, cyclic carbonate, dielectric constant of 15 It includes a large solvent, an aprotic solvent capable of dissolving lithium polysulfide or lithium sulfide. Weak polar aprotic solvents include aryl compounds, cyclic compounds and heterocyclic compounds containing N, O and S, R ₁ OR ₂ (R ₁ and R ₂ are alkyl and cyclic ethers or acyclic ethers) , Acyclic carbonates, solvents with dielectric constants less than 15, and nonpolar solvents. Strongly polar solvents include R ₁ (CO) _n R ₂ , R ₁ (CO) _n R ₂ OR ₃ , R ₁ (CO ₂ ) _n R ₂ , R ₁ (CO ₂ ) _n R ₂ OR ₃ , R ₁ ( CH ₂ CH ₂ O) Solvents or cyclic carbonates, dielectric constants with structures of _n R ₂ (n ≧ 1, R ₁ , R ₂ and R ₃ are alkyl, aryl, allyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy groups) Use a solvent greater than 15. Solvents that serve as covalent Lewis bases are used. Specific examples of strong polar solvents include hexamethyl phosphoric triamide, γ-butyrolactone, acetonitrile, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, N-methylpyrrolidone, 3-methyl-2-oxazolidone , Dimethyl formamide, sulfolane, dimethyl acetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide and the like.

In addition, a solvent serving as a Lewis base may be further used as a cosolvent. Specific examples of the covalent solvent Lewis base include hexamethylphosphoric amide, pyridine, N, N-diethylacetamide, N, N-diethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, tetramethylurea, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, tributylphosphate, trimethylphosphate N, N, N ', N'-tetraethylsulfoamide, tetramethylenediamine, tetramethylpropylenediamine or pentamethyldiethylenetriamine.

Lithium trifluoromethansulfonimide (lithium trifluoromethansulfonimide), lithium triflate, lithium perchlorate, LiPF ₆ or LiBF ₄ may be used as the lithium salt as the supporting electrolytic salt.

A third method for promoting the redox reaction, the stable electric matrix (interconnected electric matrix), transfers electrons to sulfur or polysulfide in which the electrons are dissolved in the solution during the reduction (discharge) of the conductive material or the current collector, or to the electrons upon oxidation (charge). This is very important because the electrochemical reaction takes place as a conductive material or a current collector. For this purpose, the properties of the binder used to prepare the positive electrode slurry are important, at least not solubilized or seriously swelled. The manufacture of positive electrode with stable conductive net is closely related to the life of battery. Binders that can satisfy these properties include poly (vinyl acetate), polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, alkylated polyethylene oxide, crosslinked polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl ether, poly (methyl methacryl) ), Polyvinylidene fluoride, copolymer of polyhexafluoropropylene and polyvinylidene fluoride (trade name: Kynar), poly (ethyl acrylate), polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylonitrile , Polyvinylpyridine, polystyrene, derivatives thereof, blends, copolymers and the like can be used.

In the lithium-sulfur battery of the present invention, the positive electrode is a sulfur-based material, elemental sulfur, Li ₂ S _n (n ≥ 1), an organosulfur compound, or a carbon-sulfur polymer [(C ₂ S _x ) _n , wherein X = 2.5-50, n ≥ 2] may be used. The anode may also further comprise a first additive selected from the group consisting of inorganic compounds, organic compounds and electroactive polymers selected from the group consisting of polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyrrole, polyphenylene and derivatives thereof. . Or a second additive of at least one of transition metals, Group IIIA, Group IVA metals, sulfur compounds thereof, and alloys thereof that promote the electrochemical reaction of polysulfide or sulfur. The transition metals include Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, Ta, W, Re , Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, and the like, Al, Ga, In, Tl, etc. are included in the group IIIA metal, and Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, etc. are included in the group IVA metal.

The anode of the present invention further comprises a sulfur compound or, optionally, an electrically conductive conductive material for smoothly moving electrons in the cathode electrode plate together with the first or second additive. The conductive material is not particularly limited, but conductive materials such as carbon (eg, Super-P), carbon black, or conductive polymers such as polyaniline, polythiophene, polyacetylene, and polypyrrole may be used alone or in combination. .

In addition, the positive electrode active material may further include a binder capable of adhering well to the current collector, the binder may be poly (vinyl acetate), polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, alkylated polyethylene oxide, Cross-linked polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl ether, poly (methyl methacrylate), polyvinylidene fluoride, copolymer of polyhexafluoropropylene and polyvinylidene fluoride (trade name: Kynar), poly (ethyl acrylate) , Polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylchloride, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpyridine, polystyrene, derivatives thereof, blends, copolymers and the like can be used.

In order to manufacture the positive electrode of the present invention, first, the binder is dissolved in a solvent for preparing a slurry, and then the conductive material is dispersed. The solvent for preparing the slurry can uniformly disperse the sulfur-compound, the binder and the conductive material, it is preferable to use easily evaporated, typically acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, water, Isopropyl alcohol and the like can be used. Next, the conductive material is dispersed by selecting one or more of a sulfur compound, a sulfur element, Li ₂ S _n (n ≧ 1), an organic-sulfur compound, and a carbon-sulfur polymer, or optionally together with a first or second additive. The slurry was uniformly dispersed in the prepared slurry to prepare a positive electrode slurry. The amount of solvent, sulfur-compound or optionally first or second additive included in the slurry does not have a particularly important meaning in the present invention, it is sufficient only to have a suitable viscosity to facilitate the coating of the slurry.

The slurry thus prepared is applied to a current collector, and vacuum dried to form a positive electrode plate, which is then used for battery assembly. The slurry is sufficient to coat the current collector with an appropriate thickness according to the viscosity of the slurry and the thickness of the positive electrode plate to be formed, and is not particularly limited as the current collector, but using a conductive material such as stainless steel, aluminum, copper, titanium, etc. Preference is given to using carbon-coated aluminum current collectors. The use of an Al substrate coated with carbon has an advantage in that the adhesion to the active material is excellent, the contact resistance is low, and the corrosion by polysulfide of aluminum can be prevented, compared with the non-carbon coated Al substrate.

The lithium-sulfur battery of the present invention uses a lithium alloy electrode such as a lithium metal or a lithium / aluminum alloy as a negative electrode. In addition, in the process of charging and discharging the lithium-sulfur battery, sulfur used as the positive electrode active material may be changed into an inert material and adhered to the surface of the lithium negative electrode. As described above, inactive sulfur refers to sulfur in which sulfur is no longer able to participate in the electrochemical reaction of the anode through various electrochemical or chemical reactions, and inert sulfur formed on the surface of the lithium cathode is a protective layer of the lithium cathode. It also has the advantage of playing a role. Therefore, lithium metal and inert sulfur formed on the lithium metal, for example lithium sulfide, may be used as the negative electrode.

In lithium-sulfur batteries, the porosity of the electrode plate is very important because it is related to the amount of electrolyte impregnation. If the porosity is too low, the concentration of lithium polysulfide is very high as the local discharge occurs, and precipitation is too easily formed, so the utilization of sulfur is very high. If the porosity is too high, the density of the mixture is low, so that the battery has a high capacity. It's hard to manufacture. The porosity of the preferred anode plate is at least 1%, more preferably at least 5% and most preferably 5-30% of the total anode plate volume.

The electrochemical behavior of the lithium-sulfur battery of the present invention having the above-described configuration was also measured through cyclic voltammetry analysis. Cyclic voltametry scans the cell in the negative direction from 1.5 to 1.8 V at open circuit voltage (OCV) and then scans the voltage in positive direction from 2.4 to 3.0 V at 1.5 to 1.8 V. Then, measure the voltage by scanning the voltage in the negative direction from 2.4 to 3.0 V again to the first OCV. At this time, cyclic voltammograms were obtained at various scan rates between 2 V / sec and 0.0001 mV / sec.

As a result of measuring the redox peak, the lithium-sulfur battery of the present invention shows the first reduction peak of the cyclic voltametry at a voltage of 2.4 to 2.0 V at a scan rate of 0.1 mV / s or less at the first reduction (discharge). The first reduction peak appears at a voltage of 2.2-1.7 V, and the first oxide peak appears at 1.8 V or higher.

When the lithium-sulfur battery of the present invention is discharged, polysulfide (S _n ⁻¹ , S _n ⁻² , where n ≧ 2) or sulfide (S ⁻² ) is produced at the positive electrode and is present in a dissolved state in the electrolyte solution. However, if their concentrations exceed their solubility in electrolytes, precipitation can occur. The positive electrode active material of the lithium-sulfur battery is composed of at least one sulfur-based material among elemental sulfur, Li ₂ S _n (n ≧ 1), an organic sulfur compound, and a carbon-sulfur polymer. Present in dissolved state. In this case, in the case of using elemental sulfur as the positive electrode active material, 5 mM or more is dissolved in the electrolyte, and [S] is 2 M or more when the elemental sulfur concentration is measured. The sulfur concentration [S] is, sulfur refers to a value calculated as S concentration of all to the form of S ₆ ^2-. For example, the sulfur element concentration [S] of 1 MS ₆ ^2- is 6 M.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described. However, the following examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

(Example 1)

A positive electrode mixture slurry for a lithium-sulfur battery was prepared by mixing 60 wt% of elemental sulfur, 20 wt% of Super-P as a conductive material, and 20 wt% of poly (vinyl acetate) as a binder in an acetonitrile solvent. The slurry was coated on the carbon-coated Al current collector and the slurry coated current collector was dried under vacuum for at least 12 hours to prepare a positive electrode plate. Transfer the positive electrode plate and the vacuum-dried separator to a glove box, and dioxolane (DOL), dimethoxyethane (DME), diglyme (DG) and sulfolane (SL) (5: 1 M LiSO ₃ CF ₃ dissolved on the positive electrode plate). 2: 2: 1 volume ratio) The mixed electrolyte solution was dropped in the appropriate amount. The separator was placed on the positive plate and a little more electrolyte was added. The lithium electrode was mounted on the cathode as a cathode, and this cell was assembled.

The assembled cell was scanned for voltage in the negative direction from OCV to 1.5 V, then in the positive direction from 1.5 V to 2.8 V, then again in the negative direction from 2.8 V to the first OCV. Was scanned. At this time, the scan speed was 0.05 mV / sec.

The cyclic voltammogram of Example 1 is shown in FIG. 1. In Fig. 1, a represents a reduction peak and b represents an oxidation peak. As shown in FIG. 1, the lithium-sulfur battery of Example 1 exhibits a first reduction peak at about 2.3 V, a second reduction peak at about 1.9 V, and a first oxidation peak at about 2.6 V It can be seen.

The lithium-sulfur battery of the present invention can improve the high-rate characteristics of the battery as the redox reaction occurs rapidly, and in particular, it is possible to improve the charging characteristics, which is a major problem of lithium-sulfur batteries.

Claims (18)

A negative electrode including a negative electrode active material of lithium metal or lithium alloy; A positive electrode including a positive electrode active material including at least one sulfur-based material selected from the group consisting of elemental sulfur, Li ₂ S _n (n ≧ 1), an organic sulfur compound, and a carbon-sulfur polymer; And Electrolyte including lithium salt and organic solvent of weak polar solvent and strong polar solvent As a lithium-sulfur battery showing a fast electrochemical reaction, The electrolyte is an aryl compound, a cyclic compound, a heterocyclic compound containing N, O and S, R ₁ OR ₂ (R ₁ and R ₂ is alkyl), acyclic carbonate, solvent with a dielectric constant of less than 15, sulfur Weak polar solvent selected from the group consisting of aprotic solvents capable of dissolving the elements and R ₁ (CO) _n R ₂ , R ₁ (CO) _n R ₂ OR ₃ , R ₁ (CO ₂ ) _n R ₂ , R ₁ (CO ₂ ) _n R ₂ OR ₃ , R ₁ (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _n R ₂ (n ≧ 1, R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ is alkyl, aryl, allyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, Alkoxy group), a cyclic carbonate, a solvent having a dielectric constant greater than 15, and a strong polar solvent selected from the group consisting of aprotic solvents capable of dissolving lithium polysulfide or lithium sulfide, Reducing the lithium-sulfur battery, a lithium-sulfur battery showing a rapid electrochemical reaction that the first reduction peak of the cyclic voltammetry appears at a voltage of 2.4 ~ 2.0 V at a scan rate of 1.0 mV / s or less. The method of claim 1, wherein the positive electrode is an inorganic compound, an organic compound and a first additive or transition selected from the group consisting of an electroactive polymer selected from the group consisting of polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyrrole, polyphenylene and derivatives thereof A lithium-sulfur battery exhibiting a fast electrochemical reaction, further comprising a second additive selected from the group consisting of metals, IIIA, IVA metals, sulfur compounds thereof, and alloys thereof. The lithium-sulfur battery of claim 1, wherein the cathode active material is in a solid or dissolved state. The lithium-sulfur battery of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte further comprises a cosolvent which is Lewis acid or Lewis base. The lithium-sulfur battery of claim 1, wherein the lithium salt is selected from the group consisting of lithium trifluoromethanesulfonimide, lithium triflate, lithium perchlorate, LiPF ₆ and LiBF ₄ . The method of claim 1, wherein the binder is poly (vinyl acetate), polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, alkylated polyethylene oxide, crosslinked polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl ether, poly (methyl methacrylate). ), Polyvinylidene fluoride, copolymers of polyhexafluoropropylene and polyvinylidene fluoride, poly (ethyl acrylate), polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylchloride, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpyridine, polystyrene Lithium-sulfur battery showing a rapid electrochemical reaction is selected from the group consisting of, derivatives thereof, blends thereof and copolymers thereof. A negative electrode including a negative electrode active material of lithium metal or lithium alloy; One or more sulfur series selected from the group consisting of elemental sulfur, Li ₂ S _n (n ≥ 1), organosulfur compounds and carbon-sulfur polymers ((C ₂ S _x ) _n : x = 2.5-50, n ≥2) A positive electrode comprising a positive electrode active material comprising a material, a positive electrode active material composition comprising an electrically conductive material and an additive; And Electrolyte containing lithium salt and producing polysulfide (S _n ^-1 , S _n ^-2 , where n ≥2) or sulfide (S ^-2 ) at the anode when discharged As a lithium-sulfur battery showing a fast electrochemical reaction, When the lithium-sulfur battery is reduced, a second reduction peak of cyclic voltametry appears at a voltage of 2.2 to 1.7 V and a first oxidation peak appears at 1.8 to 2.5 V at a scan rate of 0.1 mV / s or less. Lithium-sulfur battery with fast electrochemical reaction. The method of claim 7, wherein the positive electrode is a first additive or transition selected from the group consisting of inorganic compounds, organic compounds and electroactive polymers selected from the group consisting of polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyrrole, polyphenylene and derivatives thereof A lithium-sulfur battery exhibiting a fast electrochemical reaction, further comprising a second additive selected from the group consisting of metals, IIIA, IVA metals, sulfur compounds thereof, and alloys thereof. The method of claim 8, wherein the electrolyte is an aryl compound, a cyclic compound, a heterocyclic compound containing N, O and S, R ₁ OR ₂ (R ₁ and R ₂ is alkyl), acyclic carbonate, dielectric constant Solvents less than 15, weakly polar solvents selected from the group consisting of aprotic solvents capable of dissolving elemental sulfur and R ₁ (CO) _n R ₂ , R ₁ (CO) _n R ₂ OR ₃ , R ₁ (CO ₂ ) _n R ₂ , R ₁ (CO ₂ ) _n R ₂ OR ₃ , R ₁ (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _n R ₂ (n ≧ 1, R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ are alkyl, aryl, allyl, Strong polarity selected from the group consisting of a solvent having a structure of alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy group), a cyclic carbonate, a solvent having a dielectric constant greater than 15 and an aprotic solvent capable of dissolving lithium polysulfide or lithium sulfide Lithium-sulfur battery showing a fast electrochemical reaction containing a solvent. 10. The lithium-sulfur battery of claim 8, wherein the electrolyte further comprises a cosolvent which is Lewis acid or Lewis base. The lithium-sulfur battery of claim 8, wherein the lithium salt is selected from the group consisting of lithium trifluoromethanesulfonimide, lithium triflate, lithium perchlorate, LiPF _6, and LiBF ₄ . 9. The binder according to claim 8, wherein the binder is poly (vinyl acetate), polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, alkylated polyethylene oxide, crosslinked polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl ether, poly (methyl Methacrylate), polyvinylidene fluoride, copolymers of polyhexafluoropropylene and polyvinylidene fluoride, poly (ethyl acrylate), polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylchloride, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl A lithium-sulfur battery exhibiting a rapid electrochemical reaction selected from the group consisting of pyridine, polystyrene, derivatives thereof, blends thereof and copolymers thereof. A negative electrode including a negative electrode active material of lithium metal or lithium alloy; One or more sulfur series selected from the group consisting of elemental sulfur, Li ₂ S _n (n ≥ 1), organosulfur compounds and carbon-sulfur polymers ((C ₂ S _x ) _n : x = 2.5-50, n ≥2) A positive electrode including a positive electrode active material including a material and a positive electrode active material composition including an electrically conductive material; And Electrolyte containing lithium salt and producing polysulfide (S _n ^-1 , S _n ^-2 , where n ≥2) or sulfide (S ^-2 ) at the anode when discharged As a lithium-sulfur battery showing a fast electrochemical reaction, When reducing the lithium-sulfur battery, the first reduction peak of the cyclic voltammetry appears at a voltage of 2.4 to 2.0 V, the second reduction peak appears at a voltage of 2.2 to 1.7 V at a scan rate of 0.1 mV / s or less, The first oxidation peak appears at 1.8 V or more, the elemental sulfur is dissolved in the electrolyte at least 0.5 mM, the sulfur element concentration [S] dissolved in the electrolyte is a lithium-sulfur battery showing a fast electrochemical reaction of 2 M or more . The method of claim 13, wherein the positive electrode is a first additive or transition selected from the group consisting of inorganic compounds, organic compounds and electroactive polymers selected from the group consisting of polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyrrole, polyphenylene and derivatives thereof A lithium-sulfur battery exhibiting rapid electrochemical reaction, further comprising a second additive selected from the group consisting of metals, IIIA, IVA metals, sulfur compounds thereof, and alloys thereof. The method of claim 13, wherein the electrolyte is an aryl compound, a cyclic compound, a heterocyclic compound including N, O and S, R ₁ OR ₂ (R ₁ and R ₂ is alkyl), acyclic carbonate, dielectric constant Solvents less than 15, weakly polar solvents selected from the group consisting of aprotic solvents capable of dissolving elemental sulfur and R ₁ (CO) _n R ₂ , R ₁ (CO) _n R ₂ OR ₃ , R ₁ (CO ₂ ) _n R ₂ , R ₁ (CO ₂ ) _n R ₂ OR ₃ , R ₁ (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _n R ₂ (n ≧ 1, R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ are alkyl, aryl, allyl, Strong polarity selected from the group consisting of a solvent having a structure of alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy group), a cyclic carbonate, a solvent having a dielectric constant greater than 15 and an aprotic solvent capable of dissolving lithium polysulfide or lithium sulfide Lithium-sulfur battery showing a fast electrochemical reaction containing a solvent. The lithium-sulfur battery of claim 13, wherein the electrolyte further comprises a cosolvent which is Lewis acid or Lewis base. The lithium-sulfur battery of claim 13, wherein the lithium salt is selected from the group consisting of lithium trifluoromethanesulfonimide, lithium triflate, lithium perchlorate, LiPF _6, and LiBF ₄ . The method of claim 13, wherein the binder is poly (vinyl acetate), polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, alkylated polyethylene oxide, crosslinked polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl ether, poly (methyl Methacrylate), polyvinylidene fluoride, copolymers of polyhexafluoropropylene and polyvinylidene fluoride, poly (ethyl acrylate), polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylchloride, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl A lithium-sulfur battery exhibiting a rapid electrochemical reaction selected from the group consisting of pyridine, polystyrene, derivatives thereof, blends thereof and copolymers thereof.