KR200175843Y1 - Device for measuring velocity and acceleration - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a speed and acceleration measuring device, the support plate and 100; A fluid flow plate 110 having a front surface coupled to the support plate 100 to be rotated, a rear surface thereof being moved up and down, the inclination of which is adjusted, and a guide passage 114 through which the ball flows; An inclination controller 120 for adjusting the inclination of the flow plate 110; A plurality of light sensing units 130 installed on the flow plate 110 and spaced apart from each other by a predetermined interval to detect the flow of the balls; A timer (140) connected to the light sensing unit (130) and displaying a time required for the ball to flow between the light sensing unit (130) and the light sensing unit (130) spaced apart from each other; A tilt measuring device (160) for measuring a tilt of the flow plate (110); And the speed and acceleration measurement experimental apparatus comprising a; and the fine tilt controller 160 for fixing the position of the support plate 100 and to adjust the micro tilt of the flow plate 110 as a technical gist. This has the advantage of allowing rapid and repeatable measurements with different balls at different angles of inclination.

Description

Device for measuring velocity and acceleration

The present invention relates to a speed and acceleration measurement device, and more particularly, to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the experiment by quickly and accurately repeating the measurement of speed and acceleration in general physics experiments, and the second law of speed, acceleration and Newton The present invention relates to an apparatus for measuring velocity and acceleration to enhance understanding of the law of acceleration.

In general, the process of experimentation is carried out to improve the understanding of certain concepts in physics. In general, the importance of experimentation is emphasized in recent years because abstract concepts are developed through experiments to enhance the understanding of the subjects.

The most important field in physics is the importance of Newton's law in classical physics.

Newton's law is divided into three laws, and the first law is the law of inertia, which means that an object has the property of maintaining its current state unless force is applied from the outside. The phenomenological example of the law of inertia is a case in which the body is turned forward when the car suddenly brakes while running.

The second law is the law of acceleration, which is the law of acceleration of the mesh when an external force is applied to an object. In other words,

F = ma

Where F is the externally applied force, m is the mass of the object, and a is the acceleration.

The third law is a law of action and reaction. When one object applies a predetermined force (F1) to the other object, the other object also applies a certain amount of force (F2) to one object, and the forces are opposite in direction but the same magnitude. It is content. In the phenomenological example of the third law, two people face each other in an ice rink, and one person pushes the other by pushing the hand and two people are pushed by a predetermined distance at the same time.

As explained above, understanding of certain concepts is a phenomenological method, that is, experiments speed up understanding and establish accurate concepts.

In the case of the first law and the third law, an understanding of the phenomenology is sufficient and does not develop to experimental contents. However, the second law is a part where the concept of velocity and the concept of acceleration must be understood by experiment.

As shown in FIG. 1, the conventional apparatus for testing the second law is composed of an experiment cart 10, a recording timer 20, a paper tape 30, and an inclined backing plate 40. As shown in FIG.

The support plate 40 is installed to be inclined at a predetermined angle with the ground, and the experiment cart 10 is placed on the upper surface of the support plate 40. In addition, a recording timer 20 is installed on the upper surface of the support plate 40 to be spaced apart from the experiment cart 10 by a predetermined distance. One side of the paper tape 30 is connected to the rear surface of the experiment cart 10, and the other side extension of the paper tape 30 is inserted into the recording timer 20.

The recording timer 20 is composed of a time control unit 21, a vibrating piece 22 and the eater 23.

The time controller 921 is a device for a user to input a predetermined time, and is configured such that the vibration piece 22 is vibrated by a time unit input to the time controller 21 by receiving external power. And the eater 23 is connected to the vibrating piece 22 is configured to leave a trace on the paper tape 30 during the vibration of the vibrating piece (22).

The operation effect by the above configuration is as described later.

First, the user inputs a predetermined time to the time controller 21 in a state in which the experiment cart 10 is fixed. Then, the paper tape 30 connected to the experiment cart 10 is connected into the recording timer 20. When the installation of the device is completed, release the fixation of the experimental wheelbarrow 10. When the fixing is released, the experimental wheelbarrow 10 receives a force directed toward the bottom of the support plate 40 by gravity and moves downward along the inclined surface of the support plate 40. At this time, the recording timer 20 operates the vibrating piece 22 according to the time input to the time controller 21 to take a spot on the paper tape 30 using the eater 23. The distance between the RBIs stamped on the paper tape 30 is widened toward the end of the narrow end. The user can find the speed and acceleration using a simple formula using the distance between the time and the RBI.

However, the above prior art involves the problems described below.

First, since a part of the force formed in the experimental wheelbarrow by gravity is lost by friction due to the frictional force of the wheel of the support plate and the wheel, the relationship between the force and the acceleration can not be accurately described.

In addition, since the vibrating piece exerts a force on the paper tape in the process of hitting the paper tape by the vibrating piece, the acceleration force is reduced by reducing the downward force of the experimental wagon connected to the paper tape. There is also this.

Therefore, the present invention has been devised to solve the above problems, the angle of inclination can be adjusted, the ball using less friction, the time measurement using a timer of 1/1000 seconds, the optical movement of the object It is an object of the present invention to provide a speed and acceleration measurement experiment apparatus capable of measuring and improving the accuracy and efficiency of measurement and repetitive measurement.

1-Schematic diagram of a speed and acceleration measurement experimental apparatus according to the prior art.

Figure 2-Schematic diagram of a speed and acceleration measurement experimental apparatus according to the present invention.

3-Schematic diagram showing the force the ball receives on a slope.

4-Graph of speed change over time.

<Description of Symbols for Major Parts of Drawings>

100: base plate 101: coupling portion

102: coupling pin 110: flow plate

111: coupling blade 112: insertion hole

113: tightening bolt 114: guide flow

120: tilt controller 130: light detection unit

131: first light detection unit 132: second light detection unit

133: third light detection unit 134: fourth light detection unit

135: fifth light detection unit 140: timer

141: first timer 142: second timer

143: third timer 144: fourth timer

150: tilt measuring unit 160: fine tilt controller

161: lower support plate 162: front adjustment bolt

163: Rear adjustment bolt

The present invention for achieving the above object, the support plate; A flow plate having a front surface coupled to the support plate to rotate, a rear portion flowing up and down to adjust the inclination, and a guide flow path through which the ball flows; An inclination controller for adjusting the inclination of the flow plate; An optical sensing unit installed on the flow plate at a predetermined interval and detecting a flow of the ball; A timer connected to the light sensing unit and displaying a time taken for the ball to flow between the light sensing unit and the light sensing unit spaced apart from each other; Inclinometer for measuring the inclination of the fluid plate; And a micro tilt controller which fixes the position of the support plate and adjusts the micro tilt of the fluidized plate.

Here, the fine tilt controller, the front adjustment bolt installed on the front of the support plate; A lower support plate rotatably installed on the lower surface of the support plate; And, it is preferably configured to include; a rear adjustment bolt formed on both ends of the lower support plate.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

3 is a perspective view of a speed and acceleration measurement experimental apparatus according to the present invention.

As shown in the present invention is largely support plate 100, the fluid plate 110, the tilt controller 120, the light sensing unit 130, the timer 140, the tilt measuring device 150 and the fine tilt Controller 160.

First, the supporting plate 100 will be described.

The support plate 100 is configured in a rectangular parallelepiped shape in the approximately length direction and the inside is formed in a hollow form. In addition, a coupling part 101 protruding to the front is formed on the front surface of the support plate 100, and a coupling groove (not shown) is formed at an approximately middle portion of the coupling part 101, and a female screw thread (not shown) is formed in the coupling groove. This is formed is coupled to the front adjustment bolt 162 to be described later. In addition, the flow plate 110 to be described later in the front portion of the support plate 100 is pivotally coupled to the flow plate 110 is rotated up and down using the pivot coupling portion as a rotating shaft.

The rear side of the support plate 100 is installed so that the inclination adjuster 120 to be described later is a predetermined angle flows back and forth using the coupling pin 102 as the rotating shaft. That is, the inclination controller 120 is configured to be inserted into the coupling pin 102 is inserted into the through hole (not shown) formed in the rear side of the support plate 100 is the coupling pin 102 to the central axis Rotates around a predetermined angle.

The lower support plate 161, which will be described later, is rotatably coupled to the bottom of the support plate 100 so that the device is deployed vertically with the support plate 100 when the device is installed. 100) It is configured to be in close contact with the bottom to minimize the volume when moving the device.

The flow plate 110 is configured in a substantially long plate shape in the longitudinal direction, the front surface of the flow plate 110 is pivotally coupled to the front surface of the support plate 100 so that the rear surface of the flow plate 110 flows up and down a predetermined angle Is configured to adjust the inclination of the fluid plate 110 by the inclination angle desired by the user. And the lower end of the flow plate 110 is formed so that the coupling blade 111 is extended in the longitudinal direction is protruded to the lower side is coupled to the upper surface of the support plate 100 into the coupling blade 111, the Minimize volume when releasing the device.

The rear portion of the flow plate 110 is formed with a through hole 112 penetrated up and down, and the inclination controller 120 is inserted into the insertion hole 112. In addition, a tightening bolt 113 is installed at a rear end of the fluid plate 110 to raise the rear surface of the fluid plate 1100 to a predetermined height, and then tighten the inclination controller 120 with the fastening bolt 113 to fix the fluid plate ( The inclination controller 120 is fixed to the inclination controller 120 to maintain the inclination angle of the front and rear surfaces of the fluid plate 110 at a predetermined angle.

The upper surface of the flow plate 110 is provided with a light sensing unit 130 spaced apart by a predetermined distance. Here, the distance of the light detecting unit 130 should be set in advance by the user. In addition, an upper surface of the flow plate 1100 extends in the longitudinal direction along the flow plate and is formed with a guide flow passage 114 recessed downward. A ball flows along the guide flow passage 114.

And a detachable inclination measuring device 150 is installed on the upper surface of the fluid plate 110 is measured the inclination angle of the fluid plate 110.

The inclination controller 120 is configured in a circular rod shape, one side is fixed to the support plate 100 by a coupling pin 102. When the inclination of the fluid plate 110 is increased by being inserted into the insertion hole 112 formed in the fluid plate 110, the inclination of the fluid plate 110 is inclined to the front side, and when the inclination of the fluid plate 110 is small, it is substantially perpendicular to the ground. It flows by a predetermined angle.

Light detecting unit 130 is composed of a general optical sensor is installed on the plurality of spaced apart from each other a predetermined distance on the upper surface of the flow plate (110). The optical sensor detects the ball when the ball flowing along the guide flow path 114 formed in the flow plate 110 is captured on the front surface of the optical sensor 130, and sends the detection signal to a timer 140 to describe the detection signal. Since the light detecting unit 130 is a well-known technique, detailed description thereof will be omitted.

The timer 140 is connected to the light sensing unit 130 and based on a signal sent from the light sensing unit 130 and the light sensing unit 130 spaced a predetermined distance based on the signal sent from the light sensing unit 130. As a result, the time taken to move the separation distance between the light sensing unit 130 and the light sensing unit 130 of the ball flowing along the guide passage 114 of the flow plate 110 is measured.

The fine tilt controller 160 is largely composed of a front adjustment bolt 162, a lower support plate 161 and a rear adjustment bolt 163.

The front adjustment bolt 162 is inserted into the coupling groove (not shown) formed in the coupling portion 101 of the base plate 100, and coupled with the female thread (not shown) formed in the coupling groove (not shown), the By rotating the front adjustment bolt 162, the height of the front portion and the ground of the support plate 100 is adjusted.

The lower support plate 161 is configured in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped rod, and is rotatably installed on the bottom of the support plate 100. In addition, upper and lower coupling grooves (not shown) are formed at both edges of the lower support plate 162, and the coupling grooves are provided with a female screw thread (not shown). The rear adjustment bolt 163 is inserted into the coupling groove and the height of the rear surface of the support plate 100 is fine by rotating the rear adjustment bolt 163 by combining the female thread and the rear adjustment bolt 163. Adjusted. Wherein the fine tilt controller 160 is the front adjustment bolt 162 and the rear adjustment bolt 163 is in direct contact with the ground to support the device, the lower end of the front, rear adjustment bolts (162, 163) It is also configured to be pointed to absorb some of the shock transmitted from the ground, and also serves to make the device stable operation.

The operation effect by the above configuration is as described later.

First, the user adjusts the inclination angle of the flow plate 110 by mounting the inclination measuring unit 150 on the upper surface of the fluid plate 110 and moving the fluid plate 110 up and down. At this time, the inclination adjuster 120 is inserted into the insertion hole 112 formed in the flow plate 110 is a predetermined angle flows back and forth. Then, the inclination angle of the fluid plate 110 is fixed by tightening the fastening bolts 113 formed on the fluid plate 110 to couple the fluid plate 110 to the inclination controller 120. And fine-adjusting the inclination angle of the flow plate 110 to the user to the desired inclination angle by adjusting the front adjustment bolt 162 installed on the front of the support plate 100 and the rear adjustment bolt 163 formed on the lower support plate 161. do. In this case, the inclination angle of the flow plate 110 is measured by the inclination measuring unit 150 installed on the upper surface of the flow plate 110.

After the inclination angle is fixed and the inclination angle is measured, the user places one ball on the guide passage 114 formed on the upper surface of the flow plate 110. When the user releases the ball in the raised state, the ball flows to the front portion of the fluid plate 110 along the guide flow path 114 of the fluid plate 110 by gravity. That is, the ball flows automatically by the energy of gravity acting on the ball.

When the ball flows and passes the first light sensing unit 131, the second light sensing unit is detected even when the first light sensing unit 131 senses the flow of the ball and passes the second light sensing unit 132. 132 senses the flow of the ball. The third light detecting unit 133 detects the flow of the ball even when passing through the third light detecting unit 133. In addition, the fourth (134), the fifth light detection unit 135 also detects the flow of the ball. The difference between the time detected by the first light detector 131 and the time detected by the second light detector 132 is displayed on the first timer 141, and the first light detector 131 and the third light source. The time difference between the light detectors 133 is displayed on the second timer 142. The time difference between the first light detector 131 and the fourth light detector 134 is the time between the third timer 143, the first light detector 131, and the fifth light detector 135. The difference is displayed on the fourth timer 144. Here, the light sensing unit 130 may be configured in plural as necessary. In addition, when the number of the light detectors 130 increases, the number of timers 140 should be increased and measured.

After the above process, the measurement is completed. Then, the user loosens the tightening bolt 113 formed on the flow plate 110, readjusts the inclination angle of the flow plate 110, tightens the tightening bolt 113, and the front adjustment bolt 162 and the rear adjustment bolt 163. To adjust the inclination angle of the flow plate 110. When the inclination angle setting is completed, the above experiment is repeated. And the same experiment is repeated using balls of different weights.

According to the above experiment, the user can first calculate the speed and acceleration using the distance between the predetermined spaced apart photodetectors 130 and the time recorded in the first timer 141 and the second timer 142. In addition, the force due to gravity acting on the ball is calculated using the inclination angle of the fluid plate 110, the theoretical acceleration of the ball is calculated by the calculation of the force due to gravity, and the acceleration calculated from the measured value In comparison, the second law of motion is also verified. The above process will be calculated using a simple formula.

Let d be the distance between the light sensing units 130 installed by the user. And let the angle of the fluid plate 130 is fixed by the user θ. In addition, the measuring time of the first timer 141 measured by the above process is t ₁ , the measuring time measured by the second timer 142 is t ₂ , and the time by the third timer 143 is t ₃ , Assume that the time by the four-timer 144 is t ₄ .

First, calculate the acceleration of the ball based on the theoretical value. The energy (F1) due to gravity acting on the ball is

F1 = m × g × sinθ

Is given by Where m is the mass of the ball and g is the acceleration of gravity.

In addition, when the object is moved by the energy of gravity downward force (F2) is

F2 = m × a

Is given by Where a is the acceleration of the object.

When there is no friction between the guide flow path 114 and the ball formed in the flow plate 110, the forces F1 and F2 are the same. In other words

m × g × sinθ = m × a

The relationship is established. In summary

a = g × sinθ

Is given by

Therefore, the theoretical value of the acceleration generated in the object by the inclination angle of the flow plate 110 is obtained.

Next, find the speed and acceleration of the ball by the experimental value.

First, when the speed V ₁ at the second sensing unit 132 of the ball moving between the first and second light sensing units 131 and 132 is calculated,

V ₁ = d ÷ t ₁ + V _o .

Here, d is the separation distance between the first light sensing unit 131 and the second light sensing unit 132, t ₁ is the time displayed on the first timer 141, V _o is the first light sensing unit 131. The speed of the ball as it passes.

When the speed V ₂ of the third sensing unit 133 of the ball moving between the second light sensing unit 132 and the third light sensing unit 133 is calculated,

V ₂ = d ÷ (t ₂ -t ₁ ) + V ₁

to be. Here, d is a separation distance between the second light sensing unit 142 and the third light sensing unit 143, and t ₂ is a time displayed on the second timer 142.

And,

V ₃ = d ÷ (t ₃ -t ₂ ) + V ₂

V ₄ = d ÷ (t ₄ -t ₃ ) + V ₃

Is calculated.

If the graph is drawn with the velocity as the Y axis and the time as the X axis, the graph becomes a substantially linear graph.

And the display time of the _{V 1, V 2, V 3} , V 4 as a first timer 141, the display time (t ₁₎ and the second timer 142, the display time (t _2), the third timer 143 of The acceleration is calculated using (t ₃ ) and the display time (t ₄ ) of the fourth timer 144 as follows.

a ₁ = (V ₂ -V ₁ ) ÷ (t ₂ -t ₁ ),

a ₂ = (V ₃ -V ₂ ) ÷ (t ₃ -t ₂ ),

a ₃ = (V ₄ -V ₃ ) ÷ (t ₄ -t ₃ )

Given by a ₁ = a ₂ = a ₃ = ‥‥‥‥

Check whether this holds true.

Then, a and the a value obtained from the theoretical value and a ₁ , a ₂ , a ₃ ,. And familiarize yourself with the second law of motion.

The present invention by the above configuration, by adjusting the angle of the flow plate to perform a speed and acceleration and the Newton's second law measurement experiment repeatedly according to various inclination angle it is effective to improve the experimental efficiency.

And by experimenting with different weight of the ball used, there is also an effect that can be easily understood that the acceleration generated in the ball is not related to the weight of the ball.

Claims (2)

Support plate 100; A fluid flow plate 110 having a front surface coupled to the support plate 100 to be rotated, a rear surface thereof being moved up and down, the inclination of which is adjusted, and a guide passage 114 through which the ball flows; An inclination controller 120 for adjusting the inclination of the flow plate 110; A plurality of light sensing units 130 installed on the flow plate 110 and spaced apart from each other by a predetermined interval to detect the flow of the balls; A timer (140) connected to the light sensing unit (130) and displaying a time required for the ball to flow between the light sensing unit (130) and the light sensing unit (130) spaced apart from each other; A tilt measuring unit 150 for measuring a tilt of the flow plate 110; And a micro tilt controller (160) for fixing the position of the support plate (100) and adjusting the micro tilt of the flow plate (110). According to claim 1, wherein the micro tilt controller 160, Front adjustment bolt 162 installed on the front of the support plate 100; A lower support plate 161 rotatably installed on the lower surface of the support plate 100; And, the rear adjustment bolt (163) formed on both ends of the lower support plate (161); speed and acceleration measurement experiment apparatus characterized in that it comprises a.