KR20010025260A - Spreading machine of slurry manure - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: An apparatus for spraying liquid excretions is provided, which is mounted on a crawler and so can be moved easily regardless of the state of the ground. CONSTITUTION: The apparatus for spraying liquid excretions comprises: a crawler(1) ; a loading box(12) installed on a track roller; a storage tank(11) set in the loading box(12); a plurality of spray nozzles(13) installed at the back of the loading box(12); and a hydraulic pump(8) discharging the liquid excretions through a pipe.

Description

Spreading machine of slurry manure

Animal droppings are by-products of livestock, and their good use can play a large role in agricultural production. Animal droppings have contributed to the increase of intellect since ancient times. However, as the livestock development in our country is developed in the direction of generalization and multi-head breeding, it is developed separately from general farming. As a result, livestock manure loses its status as a ready-made and becomes difficult to dispose of waste. It has become an important factor in odor, soil and water pollution. In recent years, as the livestock farming has increased the number of slurry houses, livestock farms that treat manure in a liquid form of manure and urine are increasing. However, if the livestock liquid manure in the livestock farms there is a problem that excessive processing costs. There are many ways to treat livestock manure, but the most economical and environmentally friendly treatment is the treatment of livestock manure on agricultural lands to smooth the circulation of ecosystems. In addition, livestock liquid manure is reduced to farmland and fertilizing effect is very large. Livestock liquid manure has a low organic matter content, so it does not have the effect of increasing the intellect compared with compost, but it is faster than compost and has an effect of about 75 to 10% compared to chemical fertilizer. Bring it. However, overspreading livestock liquid manure can cause pests and infestation and build up salt in the soil.

The biggest challenge for the livestock industry is manure disposal. Recently, since the supply and demand of sawdust, which is a moisture control agent, is not smooth, the effectiveness of the manure treatment facility due to composting, which has been dependent on sawdust, has been reduced, and attention is being paid to the storage liquid fertilization treatment method, which is a manure treatment facility that does not require a moisture control agent.

The manure treatment technology of domestic livestock farms mainly depends on the storage cost, composting, and simple purification treatment methods, but the proper land security and the efficiency of manure purification treatment are not meeting expectations. The installation rate of liquid slurry slurry barn is increasing, but there is a lack of proper spreading technology of discharged mixed manure. Both composting and purification by sawdust mixing are excessive, and the cost of livestock production is rising, which is a major factor in losing livestock competitiveness. Liquid manure is a method of treating livestock manure at the lowest cost while improving farmland fertility and preventing environmental pollution by spraying it on agricultural land within the range that does not cause environmental pollution due to the absence of bad smell.

Liquid manure spreader is a machine for spreading liquid fertilizer such as manure. There are two types of equipment for spraying liquids: pump tank cars equipped with vacuum tanks and general pumps according to the equipment contents. The vacuum tank car is filled with liquid manure by using a vacuum pump at a negative pressure to fill the liquid manure. On the contrary, the packaging is pressurized and sprayed in the tank. The pump tank car is equipped with a centrifugal or volumetric pump and its structure is similar to that of a vacuum tank car. Liquid manure spreading equipment is almost always attached to tractors or power tillers, and mainly uses the PTO power of tractor power tillers. Work efficiency is about 0.4 to 0.5 ha when a 1500 L pressurized tank is towed by a 30 PS tractor.

This tractor-attached liquid manure spreading machine is designed to be applied to a wide range of western grassland, but when the liquid manure is applied to paddy fields in humid Asia, the soil has a high load, so the soil is damaged by wheel marks. Will receive. In order to solve this problem, if the wheel of the manure spreader uses a wide diameter, this problem is somewhat improved in the wide grassland but there is no spreading machine that can alleviate the soil destruction in the paddy field. There is a method of spraying liquid manure using the principle of watering and spraying a manure tank on a tractor trailer. However, this method of spraying is not easy to move the tractor in paddy soil, and overloads the soil during the movement. The liquid fertilizer spreading machine by the manure collection vehicle is a vehicle developed for suction capacity and manure transportation. This manure collection vehicle has a diameter of at least 60 mm for the inlet and outlet hoses. Therefore, when the manure is sprayed on farmland using this vehicle in rural areas, there is a problem that liquid manure is not evenly sprayed and is excessively or underexposed. There is also an insert sprayer that pushes liquid manure into the ground while spraying liquid manure on the soil surface. The inserter for pushing the liquid manure into the ground installs a hose in the rear of the cutting blade to dig a bone, through which the liquid fertilizer is inserted. This method of spraying is also a tractor towing method, so it is not a suitable method of spraying on narrow farmland or paddy soil. Since Korea has a smaller farming area than Europe or the United States, the manure spreader sprayed in Europe is difficult to enter in narrow farming areas such as Asia, and the farmland is damaged by vehicle wheels due to the weight of a large liquid manure spreader vehicle. Recently, in order to solve this problem, a product that increases the spraying distance from 30 to 50 m to 100 to 150 m by connecting a hose to a powerful motor and a pump has been widely used. However, this method of spraying has a problem of excessive volatilization of odor and global warming-related gases by air over long distances. Since manure treatment methods in Korea have been focused on composting, many types of composting spreaders have been developed. This is very similar to the environment of our country. Since the farming process of livestock manure liquefaction is increasing, it is necessary to develop a Korean liquid manure spreading machine suitable for the topographical characteristics of our country.

Increasing livestock raising and increasing livestock farming to liquefy livestock manure, but small farms in Korea or Asia have many uneven and steep terrain and narrow areas such as slopes, wetlands and rice fields. There is a need for a liquid manure spreading machine that adapts to the terrain. Therefore, the present invention was to develop a low-cost liquid manure spreading machine that is easy to move and rotate on the terrain of Korea and suitable for spraying. The present invention was invented to solve the disadvantages of the existing tractor-attached liquid manure spreader to develop a liquid manure spreading machine using a track type running device that can overcome the problems of driving and soil load in the agricultural land work environment of Korea It was a major task of technology development. Track type driving devices are widely used in heavy construction equipment, military wheels, combines, etc. because they have a low settling and great traction in wet and soft soils. Therefore, the present inventors have attempted to develop a spreading machine incorporating a liquid manure spreading machine in a track type traveling device. The livestock manure spreading machine using the track type traveling device is not only a livestock liquid manure, but also a pesticide, a manure spreading and the development of a convenient machine for the purpose of transporting agricultural materials was the object of the present invention. The history of the development and dissemination of liquid spraying machines in our country is very short, so much research and development is needed. In particular, it is necessary to develop various liquid manure spreading machines suitable for the Korean situation. The tractor-attached liquid manure spreading machine developed so far is a Western-style liquid manure spreading machine suitable for spreading on wide grassland, but it is not easy to spray on mud paddy fields or narrow agricultural lands. It was an object of the present invention to develop a liquid manure spreading machine suitable for the situation and working environment of our country in consideration of various aspects.

Figure 1. Is the whole section of livestock liquid manure spraying machine

Figure 2. (A) is a front view, (B) is a rear view.

<Description of Main Parts of Drawing>

1: crawler 2: engine

3: gear transmission mission 4: driver's seat

5: liquid manure open and close lever 6: pesticide spray pump

7: compost spraying control lever 8: hydraulic pump

9: liquid manure conveying piping 10: oil supply barrel

11: liquid manure storage tank 12: loading box

13: spray nozzle 14: sprocket

15: track roller

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention devised a liquid manure spreading machine that can be moved to the crawler (1) of the track type traveling device to spray liquid manure, paddy soil, in particular moist paddy soil or non-depleted farmland or small Liquid manure spreading machine is designed to be easily moved even in farmland. The present invention is largely divided into a running part and a liquid manure device. In the present invention, the traveling device adopts a track type traveling device. The track type traveling device mounted on the combine among agricultural machinery is less sedimented in wet and soft soil such as paddy soil, and the driving performance can be improved compared to the wheel type mounted on the tractor. It is designed to load the liquid manure storage tank (11) on top of the stack by installing a transport stack on the combine track roller. The loading box 12 is designed to be used not only to load the liquid manure storage tank 11 to spray liquid manure, but also to transport compost, pesticides, agricultural materials. At the rear of the loading box, it is configured to install one or more spraying nozzles 13 for spraying liquid manure. The liquid manure suction and discharge are such that the liquid manure of the liquid ratio storage tank 11 is evenly sprayed to a radius of 2 to 3 m according to the opening and closing of the spray nozzle 13 through the 50 mm hose transfer pipe 9 using the hydraulic pump 8. Designed.

The components of the track-type liquid manure spreading machine are composed of a power transmission system, a truck, a liquid storage tank, a pump, and a spreading device. Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings in detail as follows.

1) Track type driving device

The power transmission system of the orbital liquid manure spreader is driven by the power from the engine (2). The driving part consists of the main clutch and gear transmission (3) in the engine, which is the power source in the electric system, and after passing through the side clutch, power is transmitted to both crawler (1) drives and a brake device is attached. The drive prime mover is equipped with a three to four cylinder water-cooled diesel engine. Apart from this, there is a transmission designed to get a proper speed according to the amount of spraying and packing. The driving device of the tracked liquid manure spreader uses a crawler (1). The crawler (1) wheel type has a high ground area and a high traction force, so that it can work stably without falling out of a soft paddy field. The track type traveling device can use a traveling device of a combine. Crawler (1) The grounding part is supported by three to six track rollers (15 to 130 mm in diameter) and one tensioner (idler) of 160 to 300 mm in diameter, and the sprocket (14) having 5 to 8 dimensions is provided. Drive the track. The track rollers support the load of the aircraft and run on the track, and the tension wheel controls the tension of the track.

Quédo is made by putting a care bar in a certain distance of 75 ~ 90mm in synthetic rubber and placing 50 ~ 100 iron wires under it. The mandrel prevents the quedo from escaping from the quedor roller. The ground pressure of the crawler 1 is designed to be 14.7 to 24.5 kPa, and a lug of 15 to 30 mm in height is attached to the surface of the quédo to increase the traction force.

2) Liquid manure spreading device

Liquid manure spreading device is composed of a liquid manure storage tank (11), a pump (8), the spray pipe. A hydraulic pump 8 was installed on the upper right side of the engine to suck and discharge the liquid manure into the storage tank. In addition, the liquid storage manure storage tank 11 is mounted on the loading box (12). The liquid manure of the liquid manure storage tank 11 was transferred to the water spray nozzle 13 through a 50 mm hose to be sprayed.

3) loading box

It is designed to install the loading box 12 on the track of the combine. It was designed to load the liquid manure storage tank (11) for livestock liquid manure spreading on the loading box (12). It is also designed to be used for multi-purpose purposes such as not only liquid manure but also manure and pesticides, as well as manure and pesticides. The size of the loading box is 3-5 m in total length, 1.5-3 m in total width and 0.5-1 m in total height.

4) Liquid manure storage tank

Liquid manure storage tank 11 is designed to be mounted on top of the loading box. The liquid manure storage tank 11 has a capacity of 5 to 20 m 3. The liquid manure storage tank 11 is made of FRP or steel. Liquid storage tanks can be removed from the cargo box. A liquid manure was pumped out by drilling a hole in the side of the liquid manure storage tank and connecting a 50 mm hose to spray the liquid manure to the watering nozzle 13.

5) watering nozzle

Liquid manure spray nozzle 13 is composed of one or a plurality of spray nozzles 13 in the sprinkling pipe of the rear of the loading box (12). The nozzle spacing is provided at intervals of 30-50 cm. Depending on the application rate, all nozzles can be operated according to the application rate, ½ the total number of nozzles locked and ½ open. In addition, the developed liquid manure spreader is designed to minimize liquid rain loss and environmental pollution due to odor and air volatilization by spraying liquid rain into the air because the distance between the ground and the spraying nozzle 13 is short. The spraying nozzle is opened and closed by the pressure of the hydraulic pump. The hole size of the spray nozzle is 5-20 mm.

6) Other devices

It was designed to spread the compost by installing a compost spray control lever (7) to lift the stacking box (12) up and down. In addition, by installing a hydraulic pump (6) for spraying the pesticide was designed to install a separate control lever on the liquid manure open and close lever (5) side to spray the pesticide. In addition, since the maneuverability due to the movement of the work place during the spraying of pesticides is devised, it is designed to be disassembled and combined.

7) Control, maintenance and management of liquid spray

The liquid manure spread can be controlled by the speed of travel. In particular, the spray amount according to the liquid manure fertilizer component amount can be adjusted appropriately. Sprinkler systems and pumps should be kept free of debris. In addition, after using the liquid manure spreading machine put water to clean the foreign substances.

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

EXAMPLE

1. Pilot experiment

In order to evaluate the field adaptability of the livestock liquid manure spreader, a field spreading experiment of a prototype liquid manure spreader was conducted. The target farms were liquid manure from the slurry houses of livestock farms located on the bottom of Hoju, Wonju, Gangwon-do. The material used in the experiment was liquid manure, in which rapid manure treatment of pig manure was carried out through a high temperature aerobic oxidation reactor (TAO reactor). The physical and chemical properties of liquid manure liquids were presented in Table 1.

The liquid manure pH was weakly alkaline and averaged 8.46 and EC (Electronic Conductibity: mS) averaged 19.1mS. The solid content (Total Solid:%) showed a difference of 4.1 ~ 7.4% according to the TS of manure, and the average TS was 5.4%. VS (Volatile Solid:%) for TS was 65.4%. Total Nitrogen ranged from 3,362 to 6,359 mg / L with an average of 4,863 mg / L, while NH ₄ ⁺ -N (Ammoniac Nitrogen) ranged from 1,268 to 1,492 mg / L with an average of 1,397 mg / L and F _{^{-: 42mg / L, NO 2}} -: 14mg / L, NO 3 -: 17mg / L, PO 4 -: 527mg / L, SO 4 2-: 460mg / L, Cl -: 1,497mg / L, Ca: 2,138 mg / L, Fe: 208mg / L, Na: 757mg / L, Mg: 517mg / L, Mn: 36mg / L, Mo: 0.3mg / L, Zn: 73mg / L, Cu: 31mg / L It is showing. In addition, heterotrophic bacteria (CFU / mL) shows 2.9 × 10 ⁷ .

The amount of livestock liquid manure produced in this livestock farm was 20 m ^{3 per} day.

Livestock liquid manure spreading machine used in the experiment in this embodiment was made by modifying the used combine to produce a pilot liquid manure spreading machine. The liquid manure spreading machine was applied to the pilot spreading test using a combine type track driving device and a prototype machine capable of driving the liquid manure spreader with power. The combine used in the experiment is a two-joint combine produced by D company in Korea, and the power transmission system is modified to utilize only the parts necessary for driving. The mowing, threshing and sorting parts are disassembled and removed, and the top of the crawler (1) is installed (12). It was. A hydraulic pump 8 was separately installed on the left side of the engine 2. The spraying pipe was welded and attached to the rear side of the loading box 12, and the spray nozzle 13 was installed in the spraying pipe. A liquid manure storage tank 11 is mounted on the loading box 12 and a hole is formed in the lower portion of the storage tank to connect a transfer pipe 9 made of a 50 mm hose to the storage tank and the water spray nozzle 13 so that the liquid manure can be sprayed from the storage tank. It was installed to be transferred to the nozzle (13).

The liquid manure of the storage tank with the vacuum pump (8) is transferred to the watering pipe by a hose to be sprayed by the watering nozzle (13). The running and spraying performance of the liquid manure spreading machine was carried out at the farm floor of Hoje-myeon, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do. It was a loam of paddy soil which was tested. The gear shift stage is 6 forwards (maximum 5 steps) and 1 reverse, and the steering system is a clutch / brake system that is generally used.

2. Effect by Example

The liquid manure spreading machine using the crawler, which is a track-type traveling device, was easier to enter and move in wet or small farmland and slope than the liquid manure spreader attached to the existing tractor. In addition, the developed liquid manure spreading machine was not inconvenient to use even in the rough terrain such as rice fields. The spreading amount of the liquid ratio was also constant, and uniform spraying was possible. There is no clogging problem during liquid application.

Liquid manure application rate was controlled by the total number of spray nozzles or by ½ lock. In addition, it is possible to adjust the liquid manure spreading amount by adjusting the running speed of the liquid manure spreader, so that a small amount of the sprinkler speeds up the combine, and a large amount of spraying slows down. The tractor-attached liquid manure spreader, which is a conventional product, is difficult to work and destroys the soil due to the liquid manure spreading machine sinking the soil in the paddy soil where the road surface is moist. There was very little sinking. Characteristics and workability compared to the liquid manure and the conventional manure spreader developed in the present invention are shown in Table 2.

The liquid manure spreading machine of the present invention adopts a track type traveling device, and has less soil settling and improved traction in paddy soils than a liquid manure spreader having a conventional wheel type traveling device. As described above, the present invention is an environmentally friendly liquid manure spreading machine, which has an effect of remarkably reducing soil destruction due to the difficulty of working in the wet field, which is a disadvantage of the liquid manure spreader sprayed by the conventional tractor, and the increase of the soil load of the tractor wheel. to be. In addition, the developed liquid manure spreading machine is a conventional tractor-attached liquid manure spreader, and it is easy to enter and rotate in a narrow farmland where entry and movement are impossible. In addition, the liquid manure spreading machine of the present invention is capable of running on a 40% slope, and was able to adapt to a grassland of Korea with a steep slope. Therefore, the liquid manure spreading machine according to the present invention is considered to be able to spray liquid fertilizers in most agricultural lands such as rice fields, fields, and slopes in Korea.

In particular, the liquid fertilizer spraying vehicle of the present development has the advantage that evenly sprayed during the liquid fertilizer can not cause problems of crop growth due to overspray or underspray of liquid manure. Also, the location of the spray nozzle is close to the ground, so it is expected that there will not be much odor or ammonia volatilization when spraying liquid manure.

As a result, the livestock liquid manure spreading machine of the present invention has the effect of uniformly spreading the livestock liquid manure while easily moving anywhere, such as wet land, grassland, golf course, slope farmland, small-scale farmland while protecting the soil. In addition to liquid manure, pesticides and composts can be sprayed and used for transporting agricultural materials. As a machine, it is a machine that can perform major farming work of farmers at the same time.

Claims (2)

It is a liquid manure spreading machine equipped with a device for spraying livestock liquid manure on a crawler, which is a track-type traveling device.It is equipped with a transport box on the top of the track roller, a liquid storage tank on the stacker, and a spray nozzle on the rear of the stacker. Liquid manure spreading machine combines liquid manure spreader with combine power and crawler driving device which is easy to move and spread on paddy soil and small farm slope The liquid manure spreading machine using the track-type traveling device in claim 1 is characterized by consisting of a power transmission system, a carriage, a manure storage tank, a pump, and a spreading device. The power transmission system is driven by the power of the combine. The loading box is installed separately on the combine crawler and the liquid manure storage tank is mounted in the truck loading box. It is designed to suck and discharge the liquid ratio of the liquid manure storage tank by the hydraulic pump. The spreading device is characterized in that the liquid manure of the liquid storage tank is attached to one or more nozzles at the rear of the loading box is transferred to the 50 mm water pipe hose by the hydraulic pump pressure and sprayed with the water spray nozzle. In addition, it is possible to spread the compost by installing a loading box on the top of the crawler, which is a track-type traveling device, and by installing a control lever that can move the loading box up and down.A separate vacuum pump and a control lever are installed on the side of the combine engine to prevent intake and discharge of pesticides. Orbital liquid manure, manure, agrochemical spraying machine, characterized in that enabled.