KR20010010576A - Method for durability evaluation analysis of body - Google Patents

Method for durability evaluation analysis of body Download PDF

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KR20010010576A
KR20010010576A KR1019990029548A KR19990029548A KR20010010576A KR 20010010576 A KR20010010576 A KR 20010010576A KR 1019990029548 A KR1019990029548 A KR 1019990029548A KR 19990029548 A KR19990029548 A KR 19990029548A KR 20010010576 A KR20010010576 A KR 20010010576A
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vehicle
analyzing
calculating
dynamic
vehicle body
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KR1019990029548A
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KR100305835B1 (en
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김효식
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정몽규
현대자동차 주식회사
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C5/00—Constructions of non-optical parts
    • G02C5/14—Side-members
    • G02C5/146—Side-members having special front end
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C5/00—Constructions of non-optical parts
    • G02C5/22—Hinges
    • G02C5/2218—Resilient hinges
    • G02C5/2227—Resilient hinges comprising a fixed hinge member and a coil spring

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE: A durability evaluating and analyzing method for a vehicle body is provided to evaluate and complement durability of a vehicle in the process of designing the vehicle, so that the performance of the designed vehicle is improved, thereby largely reducing the process, time and manpower required for the development of the vehicle. CONSTITUTION: A durability evaluating and analyzing method for a vehicle includes the steps of preparing a computerized model of a vehicle equal to a designed vehicle and a road profile corresponding to a testing road to carry out a travelling simulation for computing a dynamic load applied to the vehicle body and analyzing multi-objective dynamics(30), computing and analyzing a dynamic stress with relation to finite elements of the vehicle body on the basis of the obtained dynamic load(40), analyzing a damage value of the respective finite elements with relation to the analyzed dynamic stress(51), and computing a fatigue life from the damage value by a miner's rule(52).

Description

차체의 내구력 평가 해석 방법{METHOD FOR DURABILITY EVALUATION ANALYSIS OF BODY}How to analyze the durability evaluation of the vehicle body {METHOD FOR DURABILITY EVALUATION ANALYSIS OF BODY}

본 발명은 차체의 내구력 평가 해석 방법에 관한 것으로, 보다 상세하게는 설계 차량에 대한 차체의 내구력을 차량의 동하중 분석, 유한요소 응력해석, 피로해석을 통해 평가하고 보완하여 설계 차량의 성능 향상은 물론, 내구력 평가에 따른 소요되는 시간, 인력, 경비를 줄일 수 있도록 한 차체의 내구력 평가 해석 방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for evaluating the durability of a vehicle body, and more particularly, to evaluate and supplement the durability of a vehicle body with respect to a design vehicle through dynamic load analysis, finite element stress analysis, and fatigue analysis of the vehicle, as well as improving performance of the design vehicle. In addition, the present invention relates to a method for interpreting the durability evaluation of a body to reduce the time, manpower, and expenses associated with the durability evaluation.

일반적으로 차체는 차량의 형태와 기능에 크게 영향을 미치는 중요한 요소이고 그 구성도 복잡하다. 그리고 차체는 탑승자가 타는 차실 공간이 쾌적하고 정숙함과 아울러 충돌시 차체가 변형하여 효율적으로 충돌에너지를 흡수하고 차실 공간은 충격에 견딜 수 있도록 견고하여야 한다.In general, the body is an important factor that greatly affects the shape and function of the vehicle and its configuration is complex. In addition, the car body should be comfortable and quiet to occupy the occupant's cabin space, and the car body deforms during collision to efficiently absorb collision energy, and the car space must be robust to withstand shock.

또한 차체는 엔진, 서스펜션 등의 주행에 필요한 부품의 탑재, 엔진의 진동이나 노면으로부터의 입력에 견딜 수 있는 강도와 강성이 필요하고, 그들로부터 진동이나 소음이 차실 공간으로 전달되지 않도록 하여야 한다.In addition, the vehicle body requires strength and rigidity to withstand the mounting of components necessary for driving the engine, suspension, and the like, and the vibration of the engine or the input from the road surface, so that vibrations and noises are not transmitted from them to the cabin space.

이와 같이 차체는 차량의 신뢰성에 밀접한 관계를 가지게 되므로, 실차에 대하여 내구성을 평가하여야 하는데, 이때 실차 내구력 평가 방법은 도 1 에 도시한 바와 같이, 실험실 내에서 수행되는 가상내구시험과, 도 2 에 도시한 바와 같이 내구시험로 또는 필드를 이용한 실제 내구시험을 이용하여 평가하게 된다.Thus, since the vehicle body has a close relationship with the reliability of the vehicle, the durability of the vehicle should be evaluated. At this time, the vehicle durability evaluation method is a virtual durability test performed in a laboratory, as shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, the endurance test furnace or the actual endurance test using the field will be evaluated.

즉 상기 가상 내구시험은 한정된 실험실내에서 차량에 지진 발생시 작용하는 진동 압력을 가하여 상기 차량에 작용하는 하중으로 내구력을 평가하게 되고, 상기 실제내구시험은 안정된 노면 부하를 얻기 위한 파상로(wave road), 굴곡로(winding road), 경사로, 고장현상을 재현하는 자갈로, 그리고 벨지안로(belgian road),요철로의 극단적인 큰 노면 부하에 의하여 작용하는 차량의 비틀림, 굽힘 응력으로 내구력을 평가하게 된다.That is, the virtual endurance test is to evaluate the endurance to the load acting on the vehicle by applying the vibration pressure acting on the vehicle in the limited laboratory, the actual endurance test is a wave road to obtain a stable road load The durability is assessed by the torsion and bending stress of the vehicle caused by the extreme road loading of the winding roads, ramps, gravel reproducing failures, and the Belgian roads and uneven roads. .

이와 같이 종래의 차량의 내구력 평가 방법은 실차에 의하여 만 평가하게 되므로 실제 시험차량을 제작할 수 없는 차량의 개념 설계 단계에서는 적용할 수 없게 되어 상기 개념 설계안의 내구력을 검증할 방법이 없다.As described above, since the durability evaluation method of the conventional vehicle is evaluated only by the actual vehicle, it cannot be applied at the conceptual design stage of the vehicle in which the actual test vehicle cannot be manufactured, and thus there is no method of verifying the durability of the conceptual design proposal.

뿐만 아니라 상기 내구시험의 경우는 단순 조건에 의한 수식 설계로 내구를 평가하게 되므로 차체의 재질, 형상, 유연성에 대한 정상적인 평가가 어렵다,In addition, in the case of the endurance test, since the endurance is evaluated by a simple design based on simple conditions, it is difficult to normally evaluate the material, shape, and flexibility of the vehicle body.

즉 시험조건의 미세한 변화에 의하여 시험결과가 크게 변화하게 되어 정확한 내구 평가가 이루어지지 않고, 시작차 제작, 시험 및 평가에 따른 인력과 시간이 많이 소요되는 문제점이 있다.That is, the test results are greatly changed due to the slight change of the test conditions, so that accurate endurance evaluation is not made, and manpower and time are required according to the manufacture of the starting car, the test and the evaluation.

따라서 본 발명의 목적은 실제 차량을 제작할 수 없는 개념 설계 단계에서 개발 차량의 내구력 평가 및 보완을 할 수 있도록 하여 상기 개발 차량의 성능을 크게 개선할 수 있도록 하고자 하는데 있다.Therefore, an object of the present invention is to be able to significantly improve the performance of the development vehicle by enabling the evaluation and supplementation of the durability of the development vehicle in the concept design stage in which the actual vehicle cannot be manufactured.

본 발명의 다른 목적은 설계 차량의 제작 및 평가 과정을 대폭 축소하여 차량의 개발에 소요되는 공정의 단순화 및 평가 시험의 간소화로 개발 차량에 요구되는 전체적인 소요시간과 인력 및 경비를 크게 줄일 수 있도록 하고자 하는데 있다.Another object of the present invention is to significantly reduce the manufacturing and evaluation process of the design vehicle to greatly reduce the overall time, manpower and cost required for the development vehicle by simplifying the process and development of the evaluation test required for the vehicle development It is.

도 1은 종래 차체의 내구력 평가 해석에 대한 실차 부하 분석 실시예도.1 is an exemplary embodiment of an actual vehicle load analysis of a durability evaluation analysis of a conventional vehicle body.

도 2는 종래 차체의 내구력 평가 해석에 대한 주행 분석 실시예도.2 is a traveling analysis example of the durability evaluation analysis of the conventional vehicle body.

도 3은 본 발명 차체의 내구력 평가 해석 방법에 대한 플로우챠트.3 is a flowchart of the durability evaluation analysis method of the vehicle body of the present invention.

도 4는 본 발명 차체의 내구력 평가 해석시 손상부위를 나타낸 평면도.Figure 4 is a plan view showing a damaged area in the durability evaluation analysis of the vehicle body of the present invention.

상기의 목적을 실현하기 위하여 본 발명은 설계 차량과 동일한 차량의 전산모델을 작성하고 시험로에 해당하는 도로 프로필을 제작해서 주행 시뮬레이션을 수행하여 차체에 작용하는 동하중을 산출하는 단계와; 상기 단계에서 산출된 동하중에 차체의 유한 요소에 대한 동응력을 산출 해석하는 단계와; 상기 단계에서 해석된 동응력에 대하여 각 유한 요소의 손상을 해석하고, 상기 손상으로부터 피로 수명을 산출하는 단계로 이루어짐을 특징으로 한다.In order to realize the above object, the present invention comprises the steps of: calculating a dynamic load acting on the vehicle body by creating a computer model of the same vehicle as the design vehicle, making a road profile corresponding to the test path, and performing a driving simulation; Calculating and analyzing a dynamic stress on the finite element of the vehicle body in the dynamic load calculated in the above step; Analyzing the damage of each finite element with respect to the dynamic stress analyzed in the above step, characterized in that it consists of the step of calculating the fatigue life from the damage.

따라서 본 발명에 의하면 설계 차량과 동일한 차량의 전산모델을 작성하고 시험로를 작성한후, 주행 시뮬레이션을 수행하여 차체에 작용하는 동하중 및 유한 요소에 의한 동응력 및 손상을 산출하고 상기 산출된 손상치로 피로 수명을 산출함으로써, 실제 차량을 제작할 수 없는 개발 설계 단계에서 개발한 차량의 내구력 평가 및 보완할 수 있게 된다.Therefore, according to the present invention, a computer model of the same vehicle as a design vehicle is created, a test path is created, a driving simulation is performed to calculate dynamic stresses and damages caused by dynamic loads and finite elements acting on the vehicle body, and the fatigue values are calculated as fatigue values. By calculating the lifespan, it is possible to evaluate and supplement the durability of the vehicle developed in the development design stage in which the actual vehicle cannot be manufactured.

이하 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예를 첨부되는 도면에 의거 상세히 설명하면 다음과 같다.Hereinafter, described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, preferred embodiments of the present invention.

도 3 은 본 발명 차체의 내구력 평가 해석 방법에 대한 플로우챠트이고, 도 4 는 본 발명 차체의 내구력 평가 해석시 손상부위를 나타낸 평면도로서, 설계 차량과 동일한 차량의 전산모델을 작성하고 시험로에 해당하는 도로 프로필을 제작해서 주행 시뮬레이션을 수행하여 차체에 작용하는 동하중을 산출하여 다물체 동역학을 해석하는 단계(30)와; 상기 단계(30)에서 산출된 동하중에 차체의 유한 요소에 대한 동응력을 산출 해석하는 단계(40)와; 상기 단계(40)에서 해석된 동응력에 대하여 각 유한 요소의 손상값을 해석하고, 상기 손상값으로부터 피로 수명을 산출하는 단계(50)로 이루어진다.3 is a flowchart illustrating a method for analyzing the durability evaluation of the vehicle body according to the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a plan view showing damages during the analysis of the durability evaluation of the vehicle body according to the present invention. Producing a road profile to perform a driving simulation to calculate dynamic loads acting on the vehicle body and analyzing multi-body dynamics (30); Calculating and analyzing a dynamic stress for the finite element of the vehicle body by the dynamic load calculated in the step 30; Analyzing the damage value of each finite element with respect to the dynamic stress analyzed in the step 40, and calculating the fatigue life from the damage value (50).

상기 다물체 동역학을 해석하는 단계(30)는 설계 차량과 동일한 차량의 전산모델을 설계자동화 데이타 시스템(DADS), 선행 데이터 운영 시스템(ADMS)으로 작성하는 단계(31)와; 상기 단계(31)에서 작성된 전산모델에 대하여 시험로에 해당하는 도로 프로필을 제작해서 주행 시뮬레이션을 수행하는 단계(32)와; 상기 단계(32)에서 수행된 주행 시뮬레이션에 대하여 차체에 작용하는 동하중에 대하여 변형율(굽힘(bending)로 산출하는 단계(33)를 포함한다.The step (30) of analyzing the multibody dynamics includes: generating a computerized model of the same vehicle as the design vehicle using a design automation data system (DADS) and an advanced data management system (ADMS); A step 32 of generating a road profile corresponding to a test path with respect to the computerized model created in step 31 to perform driving simulation; And calculating (33) the strain (bending) with respect to the dynamic load acting on the vehicle body with respect to the driving simulation performed in the step (32).

상기 동하중에 의한 동응력을 산출 해석하는 단계(40)에서 각 부위의 재질, 형상, 유연성을 유한 요소로 하여 산출 해석한다.In the step (40) of calculating and analyzing the dynamic stress due to the dynamic load, the material, shape, and flexibility of each part are calculated and analyzed.

상기 피로 수명을 산출하는 단계(50)는 유한 요소의 각 부위 손상을 검출하여 검출된 손상부위에 손상값을 해석하는 단계(51)와; 상기 단계(51)에서 해석된 손상값으로부터 마이너 룰(Miner's rule)로 피로 수명을 산출하는 단계(52)를 포함한다.The calculating of the fatigue life (50) includes detecting damage to each part of the finite element and analyzing the damage value at the detected damage area (51); Computing a fatigue life with a minor rule (Miner's rule) from the damage value analyzed in the step (51).

상기와 같이 이루어지는 본 발명은 설계 차량과 동일한 차량의 전산모델을 설계 자동화 데이타 시스템(DADS), 선행 데이타 운영 시스템(ADMS)으로 작성한다According to the present invention made as described above, a computerized model of the same vehicle as the design vehicle is prepared by a design automation data system (DADS) and a preceding data operation system (ADMS).

(단계31).(Step 31).

상기 단계(31)에서 작성된 전산모델에 대하여 시험로에 해당하는 도로 프로필을 제작해서 주행 시뮬레이션을 수행한다 (단계32).A road profile corresponding to the test path is produced on the computerized model created in step 31 to perform driving simulation (step 32).

상기 단계(32)에서 수행된 주행 시뮬레이션에 대하여 차체에 작용하는 비틀림(torsion), (굽힘(bending)으로 동하중을 산출하게 되는데 (단계33), 이때 상기 동하중 산출(R(t))은 도 4 에 도시한 바와 같이, 차체의 럭기지 룸 (body luggage room)에 작용하는 동하중은 아래식 차량의 운동방정식에 의한 동역학 해석으로 산출하게 된다(단계33).The dynamic load is calculated by the torsion and bending (bending) acting on the vehicle body with respect to the driving simulation performed in the step 32 (step 33), wherein the dynamic load calculation R (t) As shown in Fig. 3, the dynamic load acting on the body luggage room of the vehicle body is calculated by dynamic analysis by the equation of motion of the following vehicle (step 33).

상기와 같이 산출된 동하중은 유한 요소인 재질, 형상, 유연성에 대하여 유한요소 운동방정식을 이용한 유한 요소 응력해석으로 동응력(dynamic stress)을 산출하고 해석하게 되는데(단계40),The dynamic load calculated as above is to calculate and analyze dynamic stress by finite element stress analysis using the finite element equation of motion for the material, shape, and flexibility that are finite elements (step 40).

즉 In other words

여기서 M 과 K 는 각각의 질량과 강성행렬이고, F 는 동하중 벡터이며,Where M and K are the mass and stiffness matrices respectively, and F is the dynamic load vector,

u 와는 절점의 변형 및 가속도이다.u with Is the deformation and acceleration of the node.

따라서 동응력은 다음과 같다.Therefore, the dynamic stress is as follows.

σ = D B u 여기서 D 는 응력 - 변형 매트릭스σ = D B u where D is the stress-strain matrix

B 는 변형 변위 매트릭스B is the strain displacement matrix

이와 같이 산출된 동응력은 차체 각 부위의 손상값을 해석하게 된다(단계51).그리고 상기 해석된 각 부위의 손상값은 아래 마이너 룰(miner's rule)에 의하여 피로 수명을 산출하게 된다(단계(52).The dynamic stress calculated in this way is to analyze the damage value of each part of the vehicle body (step 51), and the damage value of each of the analyzed parts is to calculate the fatigue life by the following minor's rule (step ( 52).

여기서 하나의 하중 또는 일련의 하중에 의해서 소모된 수명의 양을 손상이라 하고, 상기 이러한 손상의 합을 누적손상 이라 한다.Here, the amount of life consumed by one load or a series of loads is called damage, and the sum of such damages is called cumulative damage.

누적손상량은 상기 마이너 룰을 이용한 식으로부터 계산하게 된다.Cumulative damage amount is calculated from the equation using the minor rule.

상기 마이너 룰은 ni는 동일 진폭을 갖는 사이클수이고, Ni는 특진 진폭에서의 피로수명 사이클 수 이다.In the minor rule, n i is the number of cycles having the same amplitude, and N i is the fatigue life cycle number at the specific amplitude.

이상에서 설명한 바와 같이 본 발명은 설계 차량과 동일한 차량의 전산모델을 작성하고 시험로를 작성한후, 주행 시뮬레이션을 통해서 차체에 작용하는 동하중을 산출하고, 이 산출된 동하중에 대하여 유한요소에 의한 동응력을 해석 산출하며, 상기 산출된 동응력에 대하여 손상을 산출하고 상기 산출된 손상에 대하여 피로 수명을 산출함으로써, 실제 차량을 제작할 수 없는 개발 설계 단계에서 개발한 차량의 내구력 평가 및 보완할 수 있어 설계 차량의 성능 개선은 물론, 나아가서는 차량 개발에 따른 소요 공정, 시간 및 인력을 크게 단축할 수 있는 효과를 제공하게 되는 것이다.As described above, according to the present invention, a computer model of the same vehicle as the design vehicle is created, a test path is created, a dynamic load acting on the vehicle body is calculated through driving simulation, and the dynamic stress due to the finite element is applied to the calculated dynamic load. By calculating and calculating the damage to the calculated dynamic stress and calculating the fatigue life of the calculated damage, it is possible to evaluate and supplement the durability of the vehicle developed in the development design stage in which the actual vehicle cannot be manufactured. In addition to improving the performance of the vehicle, it is also to provide an effect that can significantly reduce the required process, time and manpower according to the vehicle development.

Claims (4)

설계 차량과 동일한 차량의 전산모델을 작성하고 시험로에 해당하는 도로 프로필을 제작해서 주행 시뮬레이션을 수행하여 차체에 작용하는 동하중을 산출하여 다물체 동역학을 해석하는 단계와; 상기 단계에서 산출된 동하중에 차체의 유한 요소에 대한 동응력을 산출 해석하는 단계와; 상기 단계에서 해석된 동응력에 대하여 각 유한 요소의 손상값을 해석하고, 상기 손상값으로부터 피로 수명을 산출하는 단계로 이루어짐을 특징으로 하는 차체의 내구력 평가 해석 방법.Creating a computer model of the same vehicle as the design vehicle, preparing a road profile corresponding to the test road, performing driving simulation to calculate dynamic loads applied to the vehicle body, and analyzing multi-body dynamics; Calculating and analyzing a dynamic stress on the finite element of the vehicle body in the dynamic load calculated in the above step; And analyzing the damage value of each finite element with respect to the dynamic stress analyzed in the above step, and calculating a fatigue life from the damage value. 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 다물체 동역학을 해석하는 단계는 설계 차량과 동일한 차량의 전산모델을 설계 자동화 데이타 시스템(DADS), 선행 데이타 운영 시스템The method of claim 1, wherein the multi-body dynamics analysis is performed by using a computerized model of the same vehicle as the design vehicle. (ADMS)으로 작성하는 단계와; 상기 단계에서 작성된 전산모델에 대하여 시험로에 해당하는 도로 프로필을 제작해서 주행 시뮬레이션을 수행하는 단계와; 상기 단계에서 수행된 주행 시뮬레이션에 대하여 차체에 작용하는 동하중에 대하여 변형율, 굽힘로 산출하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 차체의 내구력 평가 해석 방법.Writing in ADMS; Performing a driving simulation by producing a road profile corresponding to a test path with respect to the computerized model created in the above step; And calculating the deformation rate and bending for the dynamic load acting on the vehicle body with respect to the driving simulation performed in the step. 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 동하중에 의한 동응력을 산출 해석하는 단계는 유한 요소를 각 부위의 재질, 형상, 유연성으로 산출 해석하도록 하는 것을 특징으로 하는 차체의 내구력 평가 해석 방법.The method of claim 1, wherein the step of calculating and analyzing the dynamic stress due to the dynamic load is to calculate and analyze the finite element based on the material, shape, and flexibility of each part. 상기 피로 수명을 산출하는 단계는 유한 요소의 각 부위 손상을 검출하여 검출된 손상부위에 손상값을 해석하는 단계와; 상기 단계에서 해석된 손상값으로부터 마이너 룰(Miner's rule)로 피로 수명을 산출하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 차체의 내구력 평가 해석 방법.The calculating of the fatigue life may include detecting damage to each part of the finite element and analyzing a damage value at the detected damage part; And calculating a fatigue life with a minor rule from the damage value analyzed in the step.
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