KR20010002649A - Solar Energy Concentrating Collector Design for Thermo Electric Generation System - Google Patents
Solar Energy Concentrating Collector Design for Thermo Electric Generation System Download PDFInfo
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- KR20010002649A KR20010002649A KR1019990022554A KR19990022554A KR20010002649A KR 20010002649 A KR20010002649 A KR 20010002649A KR 1019990022554 A KR1019990022554 A KR 1019990022554A KR 19990022554 A KR19990022554 A KR 19990022554A KR 20010002649 A KR20010002649 A KR 20010002649A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/20—Optical components
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/20—Optical components
- H02S40/22—Light-reflecting or light-concentrating means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
Description
본 발명은 고집적 태양열을 이용한 열전발전 장치의 고집적 집속기에 관한 것으로 보다 상세하게는 기본 복합포물형 집속기(Compound Parabolic Concentrating Collector: 이하 CPC라 한다)의 원리를 이용하여 심장형 반사면을 포물형의 반사면과 연속적으로 접합시키고 흡열관의 보호 유리관을 반사면으로 이용한 새로운 태양열을 이용한 열전발전 장치의 집속기에 관한 것이다. 본 발명의 집속기 특징은 반사광의 손실을 최소화시킴으로써 유사한 CPC 장치에 비하여 집광율이 높아지므로 집열기의 효율이 향상된다.The present invention relates to a high-density concentrator of a thermoelectric generator using high-integrated solar heat, and more specifically, to a parabolic reflector of a heart-shaped reflection surface by using the principle of a basic compound parabolic concentrating collector (CPC). The present invention relates to a concentrator of a thermoelectric generator using new solar heat, which is continuously bonded to a reflecting surface and uses a protective glass tube of a heat absorbing tube as a reflecting surface. The concentrator feature of the present invention improves the efficiency of the collector by minimizing the loss of reflected light, thereby increasing the condensation rate compared to similar CPC devices.
심장형 집속기의 특성은 원통형 흡열관의 주위에 유리관을 사용할 때 도 4와 5에 나타난 바와 같이 축과 평행하게 들어오는 광선이 유리관 표면에서 한번 반사된 후 심장형 반사면에서 다시 반사되어 한 초점에 모이게 된다. 복합포물면의 특징은 기울어 진 포물면의 축과 평행하게 입사하는 모든 광선은 반사면에서 한번 반사된 후 다른 한 초점에 모이게 된다. 이러한 두 곡면의 특성을 이용하여 두 개의 곡면을 집속기의 요구조건에 따라 결합하여 한 개의 집속기로 특성화 시켰다. 이 2개의 곡면의 접합점은 요구되는 집속기의 특성에 따라 결정되며, 특히 심장형 곡면도 CPC와 같이 곡면의 축을 기울여 복합형 심장곡면으로 사용할 수 있다(도 6).When the glass tube is used around the cylindrical endothermic tube, the characteristics of the cardiac collector are shown as shown in Figs. 4 and 5, and the light coming in parallel with the axis is reflected once on the surface of the glass tube, and then is reflected back on the cardiac reflecting surface to be focused at one focal point. . The characteristic of the compound paraboloid is that all rays incident in parallel to the axis of the tilted parabola are reflected once on the reflective surface and then converge on one focal point. Using the characteristics of these two surfaces, the two surfaces were combined according to the requirements of the concentrator and characterized by one concentrator. The junction point of these two curved surfaces is determined according to the characteristics of the required focuser, and in particular, the heart-shaped curved surface can be used as a composite heart curved surface by tilting the axis of the curved surface like the CPC (FIG. 6).
본 발명과 관련된 종래기술로는 미국특허 4,002,499, 4,003,638등이 있으나 본 발명과는 기술적 구성이 다른 것들이다.Conventional technologies related to the present invention include U.S. Patents 4,002,499, 4,003,638 and the like, but technical configurations are different from those of the present invention.
본 발명은 태양열을 이용하는 발전시 태양열을 집속하는 집속기로, 원주형 흡열관을 고용하는 일종의 CPC와 같은 일반적인 2차원 태양에너지 집속기는 대류에 의한 열손실을 최소화하기 위하여 원통흡열관 주위에 투명한 유리관을 사용하여 효율을 높이고 있다[도 1]. 이 경우 발생하는 문제는 입사광의 일부는 본 유리관에서 투과하기도 하나 일부는 반사되어 흡열관에 도달하지 않고 밖으로 되돌아 나간다. 특히 집속기 축 근방에서 평행하게 들어올 경우 유리관 표면에서 반사된 광선의 많은 양이 반사되어 밖으로 나가게 됨으로써 입사광선 에너지의 광학적 손실을 초래하게 된다. 본 장치는 이와같은 문제를 집속기 반사면의 광학적인 디자인에 의하여 최소화시킴으로써 해결하고자 한다.The present invention is a concentrator that focuses the solar heat during power generation using solar heat, and a general two-dimensional solar energy concentrator such as CPC employing a columnar endothermic tube is transparent around the cylindrical heat absorber tube to minimize heat loss due to convection. A glass tube is used to increase the efficiency [FIG. 1]. The problem that arises in this case is that some of the incident light is transmitted through the glass tube, but some of it is reflected and returns outside without reaching the heat absorbing tube. In particular, when entering parallel near the collector axis, a large amount of light reflected from the surface of the glass tube is reflected and exits, resulting in optical loss of incident ray energy. The apparatus attempts to solve this problem by minimizing the optical design of the reflector reflector.
본 집속기의 적용예는 일반적인 평면형 열전모듈은 양면의 온도차로 전류를 생성하여 발전할 수 있는 장치로서 상한 온도가 100℃∼ 350℃ 범위에서 좋은 효율을 발생시킬 수 있다. 이러한 모쥴의 온도차이는 한면(앞면)에 열을 공급하고 다른면(뒷면)에는 열교환기를 부착하여 본면(뒷면)의 열을 방열 또는 흡수시킴으로서 모듈의 양면간의 온도차이를 향상시켜 모듈의 효율이 향상되므로, 태양열을 이용하여 이러한 모듈의 한면(앞면)에 열원으로 공급할 수 있는 태양에너지 집속기를 응용개발 하는 것이다.Application example of this collector is a general planar thermoelectric module is a device that can generate power by generating a current with a temperature difference of both sides can generate a good efficiency in the upper limit temperature 100 ℃ ~ 350 ℃ range. The temperature difference between these modules supplies heat to one side (front side) and heat exchanger on the other side (back side) to dissipate or absorb heat from the main side (back side), thereby improving the temperature difference between the two sides of the module to improve the efficiency of the module. Therefore, it is the application and development of a solar energy concentrator that can supply the heat source to one side (front) of such a module using solar heat.
도 1은 원통형 흡열관과 보호유리관을 사용한 2차원 집속기 모형도1 is a model diagram of a two-dimensional focuser using a cylindrical heat absorbing tube and a protective glass tube
도 2는 평면 흡열판을 사용한 기본 CPC의 단면구성을 보인 원리도Figure 2 is a principle diagram showing the cross-sectional configuration of the basic CPC using a planar heat absorbing plate
도 3은 신개선 집속기의 기하학적 원리도3 is a geometrical principle diagram of the new improved focusing machine;
도 4는 심장형 집속기의 기하학적 원리도4 is a geometrical principle diagram of a heart type focuser
도 5는 심장형-CPC 복합형 집속기도5 is a heart-CPC hybrid focusing airway
도 6은 심장형-CPC 복합형 집속기를 응용한 열전발전 모형의 단면구성도6 is a cross-sectional view of a thermoelectric power generation model using a heart-CPC hybrid focuser
< 도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명 ><Description of Symbols for Major Parts of Drawings>
1: 반사경 2: 보호유리관 3: 원주형 흡열관1: reflector 2: protective glass tube 3: columnar endothermic tube
4: 평면흡열판 5: 열전 모듈 6:반구형 반사경4: flat heat sink 5: thermoelectric module 6: hemispherical reflector
B, B': 입사개구면의 끝단점 C: 흡열관의 중심점B, B ': End point of entrance opening surface C: Center point of endothermic tube
E, E': 두곡면의 접합점 F: 심장형곡면의 초점E, E ': Junction of the two surfaces F: Focus of the heart curve
θc: 입사한계 반각 x, z: 직각 좌표계θ c : incident limit half angle x, z: rectangular coordinate system
r: 곡면의 극좌표 길이 φ: 곡면의 극좌표 각r: Polar coordinate length of curved surface φ: Polar coordinate angle of curved surface
본 발명은 2차원 및 3차원 집속기에 공히 사용할 수 있는 복합포물형 집속기 (CPC), 2차원 집속기에만 사용할 수 있는 신개선(伸開線) 집속기 및 2차원 집속기에 유용하며 3차원 집속기에도 응용할수 있는 심장형(Cardioid) 집속기로 구성되어 있으며 다음에서 상세히 설명하기로 한다.The present invention is useful for a compound parabolic collector (CPC) that can be used for two-dimensional and three-dimensional collectors, a new improved collector that can be used only for two-dimensional collectors, and a two-dimensional collector. It is composed of cardioid focuser that can be applied to dimensional focuser, and will be described in detail below.
(1) 복합포물형 집속기(Compound parabolic concentrator)(1) Compound parabolic concentrator
CPC의 기본 구조는 [도 2]와 같이 포물면의 축을 초점을 회전점으로 하여 각도 θc만큼 시계회전의 반대방향으로 기울인 반사면 A'F'과 본 반사면에 대칭이 되는 반사면 AF로 구성되어 있다. 본 CPC의 곡면은 다음 관계식으로 표현된다.The basic structure of the CPC consists of the reflection surface A'F 'tilted in the opposite direction of clockwise rotation by the angle θ c with the focal plane axis as the rotation point as shown in FIG. 2 and the reflection surface AF symmetrical to the reflection surface. It is. The surface of this CPC is represented by the following relationship.
r=2f/[1-cosθ]r = 2f / [1-cosθ]
z={-cosθc(xsinθc-2f)-2sqrt[f(f-xsinθc)]}/sinθc.z = {-cosθ c (xsinθ c -2f) -2sqrt [f (f-xsinθ c )]} / sinθ c .
이 원리의 특성은 입사각이 한계각 이내(θ≤θc)로 들어오는 모든 입사광선은 각 반사면 A'F' 또는 AF에서 반사된 후 흡열판 FF'에 모두 도달한다.The characteristic of this principle is that all incident light rays entering the incident angle within the limit angle (θ≤θ c ) reach both the heat absorbing plate FF 'after being reflected at each reflecting surface A'F' or AF.
(2) 신개선 집속기(2) New improved focusing machine
신개선 곡면은 실패에 감은 실을 풀어갈때의 실의 끝점의 궤적과 같고 수학적 관계식은 다음과 같이 표현된다 [도 3].The newly improved surface is the same as the trajectory of the end point of the thread when unwinding the thread wound on the failure and the mathematical relation is expressed as follows [Fig. 3].
r=aθ, θ≤θc r = aθ, θ≤θ c
r=a[ε-cos(θ-θc)]/[1+sin(θ-θc)], θc+π/2≤θ≤3π/2-θc)r = a [ε-cos (θ-θ c )] / [1 + sin (θ-θ c )], θ c + π / 2≤θ≤3π / 2-θ c )
여기에서 ε는 집속비와 접합점의 위치에 따라 결정될 변수이며 특수한 경우Where ε is a variable that will depend on the focusing ratio and the location of the junction and in special cases
π/2+(θ+θc)의 관계식으로 표현될 수 있다.It can be expressed by the relation of π / 2 + (θ + θ c ).
본 신개선 집속기의 특징은 기본 CPC와 같이 입사각이 θ≤θc이내로 들어오는 모든 광선은 원통형인 흡열관의 표면에 모두 도달하게 된다. 본 고안은 2차원 집속기에만 유용하다.The characteristic of the new improved concentrator is that all the light rays entering the angle of incidence within θ ≦ θ c , like the basic CPC, reach all the surfaces of the cylindrical heat absorbing tube. The present invention is useful only for two-dimensional focusers.
(3) 심장형(Cardioid) 집속기(3) Cardioid focuser
심장형 곡면은 기하학적으로 고정된 원의 주위를 동일한 반경의 다른 원이 돌아갈 때 원둘레의 한점의 궤적으로서 다음식으로 표현된다 [도 4].The heart-shaped surface is represented by the following equation as a trajectory of one point of the circumference when another circle of the same radius rotates around the geometrically fixed circle [Fig. 4].
r=a(1+cosφ)r = a (1 + cosφ)
본 심장형 반사면의 광학적 특성은 z-축에 평행하게 개구면에 입사하는 모든 광선(A)은 반사원인 보호유리관 (C)의 표면일점(D)에서 반사된 후 심장형 반사면의 일점 (E)에서 다시 반사되여 점 F에 모두 모이게 된다. 동시에 입사각이 θ≤θc이내로 들어오는 모든 광선은 흡열표면에 모두 도달하게 된다. 본 집속기는 2차원 집속기에 유용하며 3차원 집속기에도 응용할 수 있다.The optical characteristic of the heart-shaped reflecting surface is that all the rays (A) incident on the opening plane parallel to the z-axis are reflected at one surface (D) of the surface of the protective glass tube (C) as the reflecting source and then one point (E) of the heart-shaped reflecting surface. It is reflected back at and gathers at point F. At the same time, all light rays entering the angle of incidence within θ ≦ θ c reach all of the endothermic surfaces. This focusing machine is useful for 2D focusing machine and can be applied to 3D focusing machine.
＜ 실시예 1 ＞ Cardioid-CPC<Example 1> Cardioid-CPC
본 집속기 시스템 [도 5]는 반사경(1), 원통형 흡열관(3) 및 보호 유리관(2)으로 구성된다. 흡열관(3)은 반사면의 초점 O위에 위치하여 있고, 보호 유리관(2)은 흡열관(3)의 중점 C를 중심으로 하는 동심원으로써 흡열관(3) 주위에 위치하고 있다. 본 유리관(2)은 반사경(1)과 점 J와 이에 대칭점인 J'에서 만나게 되므로 반사면의 곡면 OJ와 OJ'는 절단한다. 반사곡면 JEB(J'E'B')는 두 개의 다른 곡면으로 구성되어 있으며 곡면 JE(J'E')는 심장형 곡면, 곡면 EB(E'B')는 신개선 또는 복합포물면으로 구성되어 있다. 이 때의 경계조건은 두 곡면의 접합점 E(E')에서 두 곡면의 기울기를 일치시키고 이 접합점의 위치는 한계입사각 θc와 유리관의 크기에 따라 정하게 된다. 즉 이 접합점 E(E')는 입사한계각으로 입사하는 광선이 유리관의 표면 M점에서 접선으로 지나갈 때 반사곡면과 만나는 점으로서 본 접합점의 위치가 너무 낮으면 광선추적 결과에 따라 상위시킬 수 있다. 본 복합곡면의 관계식은 다음과 같다.This integrator system [FIG. 5] consists of the reflector 1, the cylindrical heat absorption tube 3, and the protective glass tube 2. As shown in FIG. The heat absorbing tube 3 is located above the focal point O of the reflection surface, and the protective glass tube 2 is positioned around the heat absorbing tube 3 as a concentric circle centered on the midpoint C of the heat absorbing tube 3. Since the glass tube 2 meets the reflector 1 and the point J and the symmetry point J ', the curved surfaces OJ and OJ' of the reflecting surface are cut. Reflective surface JEB (J'E'B ') consists of two different surfaces, surface JE (J'E') consists of a heart-shaped surface, and surface EB (E'B ') consists of new or complex parabolic surfaces. . At this time, the boundary condition coincides with the slope of the two surfaces at the joint point E (E ') of the two surfaces, and the position of the junction point is determined according to the limit incident angle θ c and the size of the glass tube. In other words, this junction point E (E ') is the point where the light incident at the incident limit angle meets the reflection surface when it passes tangentially from the surface M point of the glass tube. If the position of this junction point is too low, it may be different depending on the ray tracing result. . The relational expression of this compound surface is as follows.
r=a(1+cosθ), θ≤θc r = a (1 + cosθ), θ ≦ θ c
r=a[π/2+θ+θc-cos(θ-θc)]/[1+sin(θ-θc)], θc+π/2≤θ≤3π/2-θc)r = a [π / 2 + θ + θ c -cos (θ-θ c )] / [1 + sin (θ-θ c )], θ c + π / 2≤θ≤3π / 2-θ c )
또는or
r=2f/[1-cosθ], θ≥θc r = 2f / [1-cosθ], θ≥θ c
본 반사경의 특징은 일반 CPC형 집속기와 같이 한계입사각 이내로 들어오는 모든 입사광선은 흡열관에 도달하게 된다. 특히 집속기의 축과 평행하게 입사할 경우 보호 유리관에 의한 반사광의 손실을 줄일 수 있다.The characteristic of this reflector is that all incident rays that enter within the limit incident angle like the general CPC type focusing machine reach the heat absorbing tube. In particular, when incident in parallel with the axis of the collector, the loss of reflected light by the protective glass tube can be reduced.
＜ 실시예 2 ＞ 열전반도체<Example 2> Thermoelectric Semiconductor
열전반도체는 제백(Seebeck)원리에서 출발한 것으로 열전반도체를 사용하여 발전하는 장치로 열전모듈의 고온부와 저온부간에 온도차를 만들어 주면 기전력이 발생하여 전기를 발생하는 것으로 현재 사용되고있는 모듈의 온도의 범위는 150℃∼300℃ 정도이며 구동 열원으로 태양열이나 해수온도차 또는 폐열을 이용할 수 있으며 본 발전장치는 타 발전기와 달리 시스템내의 순환매체를 사용하지 않기 때문에 전혀 무공해한 시스템이다. 열전모듈의 고온열원 공급을 위한 집속기의 응용은 [도 6]과 같이 기존의 집열기에 있는 흡열관을 열전모듈(5)로 대치하고 본 모듈의 윗면에 반구형 반사면(6)을 부착하면 상기원리에 의하여 효율적인 열원을 공급 받을 수 있다. 단, 본 발명의 적용에서는 두 개의 열전모듈(5)의 방열판이 한 개의 방열판(7)을 공유하도록 특수하게 고안하였다.The thermoelectric semiconductor is a device that is developed using Seebeck principle and generates electricity by generating a temperature difference between the hot and cold parts of the thermoelectric module. The electromotive force is generated to generate electricity. It is about 150 ℃ ~ 300 ℃ and can use solar heat, seawater temperature difference or waste heat as a driving heat source. Unlike other generators, this generator does not use circulating media in the system, so it is completely no pollution system. Application of the concentrator for supplying the high temperature heat source of the thermoelectric module is to replace the heat absorbing tube in the existing collector as the thermoelectric module (5) as shown in Figure 6 and attaching the hemispherical reflective surface (6) on the upper surface of the module Principle can provide efficient heat source. However, in the application of the present invention, the heat sinks of the two thermoelectric modules 5 are specially designed to share one heat sink 7.
본 발명은 태양열 집속을 위한 태양 추적장치가 필요없고 중, 저온에서 발전이 가능한 열전반도체 표면에서 태양광을 직접 가열하여 발전할 수 있다. 특히 열유체를 사용하지 않기 때문에 대기오염이 전혀없고 구동장치가 없기 때문에 소음이 없어 환경친화적이다. 또한 본 발명의 집속기는 광손실을 최소화할 수 있어 집속기의 효율이 향상될 뿐만 아니라 경량화 및 박형화 할 수 있다.The present invention does not require a solar tracking device for solar focusing, and can be generated by directly heating sunlight on a surface of a thermoelectric semiconductor capable of generating at low and medium temperatures. In particular, since it does not use heat fluid, there is no air pollution and there is no driving device. In addition, the concentrator of the present invention can minimize the light loss, so that the efficiency of the concentrator can be improved, and the weight and thickness can be reduced.
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| CN113653157A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-16 | 广东楠通建设工程有限公司 | Grouting repair method for inner wall of municipal rainwater and sewage pipeline |
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| WO2011014688A2 (en) * | 2009-07-30 | 2011-02-03 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Solar concentrator for use with a bi-facial cell |
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| CN113653157A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-16 | 广东楠通建设工程有限公司 | Grouting repair method for inner wall of municipal rainwater and sewage pipeline |
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