KR20000053269A - Solids separator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A separator for particulate solids is provided for classifying particles according to size and being used for minerals such as coal or metallic ores, waste material such as hardcore, ash or soil, process feedstocks, foodstuffs such as in the form of granules, and other materials whether wet or dry. CONSTITUTION: A particle separator is provided which uses a plurality of different diameter scalloped discs rotating on an axis with the smaller discs (3b) mounted between larger diameter discs (3c) to effect a separation of different size range materials in the feed. The oversize material is retained on the outside of the larger diameter discs; the intermediate size material is retained on the outside of the smaller diameter discs; and the undersize material passes between the larger and smaller diameter discs. Collectors (4) are used to separate the oversize, intermediate and undersize materials from one another. Straps or chains (12) draped over the separator discourage material from reporting falsely to the oversize fraction.

Description

Solid separator {SOLIDS SEPARATOR}

The present invention relates to a separator for classifying particles by size, for solids of particulates. This separator can be used for minerals such as coal or metal ore, hard cores, ash or dirt, waste such as processing raw materials, foodstuffs in granular form, and other materials that are damp or dry.

The present invention is intended to provide a simple and effective means for separating particulate matter and to eliminate the need for a sizing bed, and consequently to reduce the cost and burden of failure.

Conventional sizing devices, for example the devices described in GB 448838 or GB 1087921, comprise a screen consisting of an interlocking arrangement of eccentric rotating disks. The device contains a lot of moving parts, is complex and expensive, and especially when coarse minerals are used, they are burdened with breakage.

Particle separators according to the present invention include:

A plurality of small disks mounted for coaxial rotation, and a plurality of large disks having a radius larger than this small disk and mounted to rotate coaxially with the small disks, wherein the small disks are positioned between the large disks via spacer disks. Rotor;

A supply suitable for providing a flow of particulate matter striking the rotor; And

Means for collecting materials having dimensions that can pass between large discs but not between small discs (for example, holes or grooved doctors for accommodating large discs, to operate simultaneously with the edges of small discs) Collector with aligned doctor's edges or protrusions).

The edge of the doctor may be adjacent to or maintain a constant spacing with the edge of the disk concerned, and the centrifugal force acting to propel the stream material outward from the center of the rotor is directed towards the collector. The collector may be positioned to collect the accurately sized material taking into account the gravitational action on the outwardly moving stream.

In accordance with the invention, a single rotor is preferred, although two or more consecutive devices can be used for the continuous separation of the material stream. This rotor may be perturbed, for example vibrating radially.

The feeding of the unseparated material is preferably carried out directly towards the rotor, more preferably the feeding carried out towards the axis of the rotor, ie choke or partial choke feed. Contact flow is undesirable for effective separation. Free flow of unseparated material under gravity is preferred.

Large and small discs can be arranged alternately on the rotor. The disks can be arranged alternately in a convenient order suitable for size analysis of particulate matter, for example each large disk can be separated by two or more small disks. The rotor may have an axis on which the disk is mounted. In addition, the stem can carry the drum on which the disk is mounted, the diameter of the drum being considerably larger than the diameter of the stem, for example up to 1 m. Large disks may themselves have different diameters depending on the axial position relative to the rotor, with the largest disk in the middle of the rotor shaft being used, and it is desirable to use smaller disks gradually toward the end.

Two or more disk sizes may be used.

Medium disks with dimensions between the large and small disks can be arranged on the rotor between the small disks. Multiple collectors may have doctors aligned to collect material from the edge of each medium disk.

The cleaning collector may be provided to clean the rotor during each rotation. The tine of the cleaning collector is preferably passed between all the disks to remove particles loaded between the disks. Preferably, the circumferential positions of the blades continuous on the axis are different. The cleaning collector may be located at a convenient location between the first collector and the supply during the rotation of the rotor.

The disk is preferably circular. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the large disc is provided with a section cut to form a notch around it. This engages particularly large pieces of material and pushes them forward to prevent them from stopping on the rotor. In addition, large disks, or all disks, may be non-circular around, for example polygonal or scalloped.

In a first embodiment of the invention, all the disks are arranged to rotate at the same speed and can be fixed on the common axis.

In a second embodiment of the invention, the selected disc or disc compartment can be rotated or stopped at different speeds. This has the advantage of reducing the adhesion of the material between the rotors. In order to prevent the particles from splashing outwards or entering the separator by centrifugal force when they fall on the rotor disk, the separator according to the present invention has a trapping means for preventing the particles from leaving the separator radially of the disk over the periphery. It may be provided.

The separator according to the invention can be made small enough to be conveyed to the temporary part more easily than in the case of conventional shaking screen separators.

The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a schematic front view of a device according to the invention.

FIG. 2 shows the rotor of the device of FIG. 1 in a plan view.

3 shows a variant of the rotor of FIG. 2 in a plan view.

4 shows an alternative rotor in plan view with respect to the supply and collector arrangement.

5 and 6 illustrate alternative patterns of discs that can be used in the rotor.

7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an apparatus using a rotor similar to (but not identical to) the rotor of FIG. 4.

8 is a plan view of another alternative rotor, and FIG. 9 is a sectional view of this rotor.

10 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the invention with an adjustable collector.

The apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is a conveyor arranged to precipitate particulate matter, such as coal, after 1 meter dropping on a spreader or collector plate 1 at a rate of 50 tonnes / hour for a universal mined coal feed. 8). The spreader 1 is arranged to distribute the material evenly across the surface of the bent feed chute 2 with a radius of 1 m, the feed chute 2 being the bottom (back part) of it, as best shown in FIG. 10. The edges are arranged to be fairly rigidly connected to the rotor 3 and positioned so as to face the axis of the rotor, such that a "choke" or "partial choke" feed 2a is made to the rotor 3. In FIG. 1, the spreader plate 1 has a distal pivot and an adjustable portion 1a to control the flow to the rotor. Spreader 1 and chute 2 can be operated simultaneously and used as a hopper chute (or hopper chute can actually be provided). Heavy chain curtains or resilient sprung boards (not shown) may be connected to the bottom of the spread plate 1 / 1a to allow very large particles to move clockwise from the feed zone but allow normal particles to enter the rotor. . The chute 2 does not need to be bent. The chute can be mounted to achieve 50-70 degrees relative to the horizontal position and can be strictly radially branched to the rotor. In other words, the lower edge of the chute does not terminate at or exceed this height of the rotor axial. As shown in FIG. 2, the rotor includes a shaft 6 carrying a plurality of circular disks. The alternative disc 3c has a radius of 200 mm and is about 50 mm larger than the small disc 3c disposed between them. In another version, the continuous large disk 3c has two, three or four small disks 3b in between. The disks are separated axially by a spacer 3a having a radius of about 90 mm and a thickness of about 10 mm in the axial direction. The spacer 3a may be mounted coaxially or eccentrically.

3 shows an alternative rotor. Here, the continuous large disk 3c has three small disks 3b therebetween. The large disks 3c are arranged in grade according to size, the size arrangement being from 500 mm at each end of the rotor 3 to 1 m at the center. This arrangement equals the tendency of a universal conveyor 8 to overload the rotor of FIG. 2 at the center despite free space at the end of the rotor, carrying more material along the centerline of the belt than at the edges. Let's do it. The rotor of FIG. 3 will redistribute the excess material delivered at the center towards the end by means of a disk 3c arranged according to size.

The feed part 2 can be adjusted to provide a wide supply angle of 30 to 75 degrees, preferably 50 to 70 degrees, horizontally, into the rotor at its lower edge, so as to analyze the size of the feed material. It is suitable for analysis of moisture content and specific details (such as hardness, density and shape).

In the use of the device, materials having dimensions smaller than the spacing between small and large rotors can pass between them and fall into the chute 9. Particulate matter that cannot pass between the large disks 3c is introduced into the second chute 10 through the rotor. A material having dimensions that can pass between the large disks 3c but not between the small disks 3b is a slotted collector 4 which only has a short instant access to the edge of the small disk and the grooves accommodate the large disk. Collected by). Such medium sized materials may be collected in chute 10 with large particles or may have its own collection chute (not shown).

The cleaner has blades 5 arranged to pass between all the disks just to clean the surface of the spacer 3a. This blade may be located at the bottom of the collector 4 at any position on the top of the chute 2. In this example, the alternative blade 5 is in the "6 o'clock" position and the other is in the "9 o'clock" position. Staggering the circumferential position in this way minimizes the risk of capture; That is, when very large particles caught between the peripheral disks 3 hit the blades 5, the disks can be bent to remove the particles.

The heavy upright plate rotating at the top edge forms a barrier 7 that prevents material entering the device from passing through the collector 10.

As shown in FIG. 5, the notches, serrated circular arcs or scallops on the periphery cut from the edges of some or each large disk 3a prevent large pieces of material from falling onto the rotor. The impact on the large piece by the notch or other shape of the edge of the rotor directs the piece through the barrier 7 to the collector 10. As such, FIG. 5 shows a disk in which two compartments are cut around or the disk edges are bent or serrated to eject large particles from the rotor. The angular size 2 of the notches can be determined by the size and shape of the material. For example, slate pieces may require the use of relatively large notches or teeth. It is desirable that all the material to be separated, in particular large pieces which require the use of notches, can pass between the large disks. The elliptical disc shown in FIG. 6 can alternatively be used to achieve the same idea. Another disc shape is a regular polygon (eg 24-angle) or scallops, which are particles, especially in the case of moist "viscous" feed particles, which are particularly agitated before the particles drop into the grooves in the disc, Promote classification. The degree to which agitation is improved is directly related to the radial height of the scallops. In particular, the greater the degree of agitation at the about “12 o'clock” position, the more the separation action is improved, in particular the fine particles are hardly caught by the coarse particles and are not misplaced in the “coarse” emissions. Scallop-shaped discs also help to prevent damp raw material from forming stop layer 2a. Preferably, especially when hopper chute feed is used at 1 / 1a / 2 or chains are present, all disks 3 are scalloped, where large disks (which may be 3c, 3d or 3e) are small disks. Larger, deeper, and more scalloped. 6 shows an elliptical disc with an aligned or branched long axis that can be used.

In Figures 1, 7 and 10, the substance (the substance of "free flow") is a "choke" or "partial choke" supply (i.e. it is 30 to 45 degrees from the horizontal depending on, for example, disc holes, substance analysis and moisture). Into the rotor assembly). Since the material is "transported" around the disk, a change in orientation is required. When all particles are accelerated, rotation takes place in a new direction, with the following (i) to (iii):

(i) primary separation by collision with the rotor depending on the degree of free flow supply conditions and the “open area” present;

(ii) secondary separation as the direction of the material changes and is accelerated / rebalanced by the small disc tip (circumference) and the large disc side; And

(iii) tertiary separation of fine particles that were attached to large / coarse materials.

The abnormality is induced through contact / friction between the “very large” particles and the disc side / edge upon material readjustment and acceleration on the “peripheral conveyor”.

All small material from (i), (ii) or (iii) is induced to be discharged into the chute 9 between the small discs. The choice of large material depends on the position of the collector 4. In this case, the peripheral velocity of the disc may be greater than the mass flow on the rotor (in the same direction).

FIG. 4 shows an alternative rotor with disks 3c and 3d having a median radius between the small disk 3b and the large disk 3e. Materials with dimensions larger than the gap between the outer disks 3e are excluded from the rotor. Materials with smaller dimensions can enter the rotor.

Particles smaller than the gap between the discs 3d and 3e but larger than the gap between the discs 3c and 3d can be removed by a collector adjacent to the edge of the disc 3c. Similarly, small particles that can pass between plates 3c and 3d can be collected by a collector blade adjacent to the edge of disk 3b. Fine particles can pass through the rotor uncontrolled. To utilize this separation, the collector 4, or a plurality of circular collectors 4: 4w, 4x, 4y, 4z, shown in FIGS. 4 and 7, can be used. For the coarsest fraction, the collector 4w acts as a doctor and keeps cleaning of the largest disk 3e. Similarly, for the next coarse fraction, the collector 4x acts as a doctor protruding radially inwards to the next larger disc 3d, the hole in the form of a groove or cutout that rotates the disc 3e. Has For the next finer fraction, the collector 4y projects radially inwards to the smaller disk 3c and has a cutout for cleaning the disks 3e and 3d. Finally, for the next finer fraction, the collector 4z has radially inwardly projected portions up to the smallest disk 3b, and has grooves or cutouts for cleaning the disks 3c, 3d and 3e. . Very fine fractions of particles can pass into the gap between the disc 3b and the adjacent disc and be loaded from the separator through the tail of the collector 4z. (The separator 3c and the corresponding collector 4w are omitted in the separator shown in FIG. 7).

The various sizes of the disc 3 assist in the preliminary separation of the particles as they fall into the separator and reduce the likelihood of the fine particles being included in the wrong coarse fraction.

Dropping height from conveyor 8 to feed chute 2 (for example 0.5 m for dry feed, 1 m for wet feed), abrasion of chain curtain (not shown) and abrasion of strap 12 Also helps to reduce false traps by removing small particles that are hung on larger ones. At high amplitudes with low frequencies (eg by cam action) when mechanically configured, or at small amplitudes with high frequencies when electrically configured, for example 10 mm / 50 Hz or 1 mm / At 500 Hz, separation is also improved by vibrating the base 6 preferably vertically. This will be affected by the jigging action of the circumference.

8 is a plan view of an alternative arrangement for separating fine material from larger pieces, and FIG. 9 is a front view of the arrangement. The large disk 20 and the small disk 21 are formed as a single configuration such that there is a groove row through which a fine medium can pass. Coarse material may be removed from the surface of the rotor by the collector 22 (disc 20/21 is included by the larger conveying disc 30).

10 illustrates a variant of the invention with a collector that can move around the pivot 14 to adjust the end radius of the blade between a first position adjacent the edge of the rotor and a second position adjacent the small disk 3b. It is. This allows the size of the material to be collected to be adjusted as required. The speed of the rotor can also be adjusted, for example, from 75 to 300 rpm to further control the degree of separation, and at lower speeds the proportion of particles classified as "fine particles" increases, and all other matters (e.g., raw materials). Size distribution, feed rate, moisture content and chute angle / position) are the same. This adjustment was not easily achieved when using a previously known separation device. The collector may also be moved radially around the rotor. This allows the end position of the blade to be adjusted to compensate for the effect of gravity on the stream of material propelled from the rotor.

In alternative embodiments of the invention, the space between some or all of the disks can be adjusted to control the particle size that is separated.

7 and 10 conclude the feed chute 2 does not need to be bent specially and is about as low as about a “10 o'clock” or “11 o'clock” position or even a “9 o'clock” position where a fine particle layer has already been formed. In other words, as shown by (2a), even if the surrounding material to be sorted is moist (in this case the scalloped disk is more reliable), by means of the rotor 3 rotating clockwise It shows that the choke feed is carried to the uphill portion above the layer. 7 also shows that the discharge conduit 4 can have an upper (leading) edge height at the “three o'clock” position or lower, and the discharge conduit can be at the same height if there are more than one discharge conduit. It is desirable to have.

The scrubber blades 5 may be positioned in the "8 o'clock" direction (the chute 2 is cleaned at this location), or as shown, in the 5 or 6 o'clock direction, and alternatively to remove stuck particles. In addition, the function of wiping the spacer 3a to remove adhered fine particles. The advantage of positioning alternative blades at different locations is that when the blade encounters the pinched particles, the disc can be bent relatively unobstructed to remove the particles.

FIG. 7 shows a variant of the pivoting barrier 7 of FIG. 1. The heavy plate 7a as wide as the rotor 3 is hung on the upper pivot 11 in parallel with the rotor 3 in front of the top dead center. The middle film 12 is hung from leather, rubber or other somewhat flexible and not too slippery material at the lower edge of the plate 7a. Curtain 12 is deeply fringed and can be considered as a set of straps adjoining laterally. More effectively, the curtain 12 can be composed of numerous closely located heavy chains welded to the bottom of the plate 7a, as schematically shown. The curtain generally spans the “12 to 3” quadrant of the rotor 3 and serves to trap particles that either bounce outwardly or are incorrectly contained in the “coarse” collector 4x. Indeed, curtains, by their weight, tend to push particles inward radially and to reduce the drop of small sized particles that are also included in coarser fractions. This action is improved in the case of a scalloped disc 3d, both of which induce particles in a clockwise direction to the friction of the curtain 12 and cause the curtain to sway or bounce, making the curtain more active on the particles. Provide a conflict. This is a useful result of the curtain effect of prolonging the retention time of particles in the separator, thereby extending the number of times the particles are sorted correctly without reducing the separator output. The friction between the particles and the curtain also promotes separation of fine particles that adhere to the coarse particles, thereby improving the sorting ability.

Membrane 12 may be replaced or added to the chain hanging on 1 / 1a of FIG. The width of the chain linkages or straps and the spacing of the chains depends on the material. The chain linkage or strap is small enough to pass between the disc 3c (FIG. 7) or larger, so that it can hang over the top of the disc, as shown.

Claims (23)

a) a plurality of small disks mounted for coaxial rotation, and a plurality of large disks larger in radius than the small disks and mounted to rotate coaxially with the small disks, wherein the small disks are placed between the large disks through a spacer disk; A rotor located at; b) a supply suitable for providing a flow of particulate matter striking the rotor; And c) A particle separator comprising a collector with means for collecting material having dimensions that can pass between large discs but not between small discs. A separator according to claim 1, wherein the large and small discs are alternately arranged on the rotor. A separator according to claim 1, wherein each large disk is separated by two or more small disks. Separator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the diameter of the large disks differs according to the axial position on the rotor. Separator according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that more than two sizes of disks are used. Separator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the rotor has a stem on which the disks are mounted or the shaft carries a drum on which the disks are mounted. Separator according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supply of unseparated material moves towards the axis of the rotor. Separator according to claim 1, wherein two or more rotors are used to continuously separate the material stream. Separator according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that medium disks having dimensions between the large and small disks are arranged between the large and small disks on the rotor. 10. The separator of claim 9, wherein the plurality of collectors have blades arranged to collect material from the edge of each medium disk. Separator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a cleaning collector is provided for cleaning the rotor during each rotational process. 12. The separator of claim 11 wherein the cleaning collector comprises a blade protruding radially inwardly between the disks. 13. A separator as claimed in claim 12, wherein the circumferential positions of the blades continuous on the axis are different. The separator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the circumference of some or all of the disk is non-circular. 15. The separator of claim 14, wherein a cutout is provided in the large disk to form a peripheral notch or serrated circular arc. The separator according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the perimeter is notched or forms a polygonal or scalloped edge. 17. The separator according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the selected disc or disc cutout can rotate or stop at different speeds. 18. The separator as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 17, further comprising capture means for preventing particles from leaving the separator radially of the disc over a portion around the disc. Separator according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the supply is a chute or hopper whose feed direction is directed toward the rotor axis between the horizontal and vertical directions. 20. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the means for collecting the material having dimensions that can pass between the large discs but not between the small discs, have a crenel or groove to receive the large disc. And a doctor, wherein the protrusion or edge is a doctor positioned away from the edge of the small disc. The separator of claim 1, further comprising means for radially perturbing the rotor. A method for separating a substance using a separator according to any one of claims 1 to 21. The method of claim 22 wherein the substance is coal.