KR20000051638A - Secondary battery - Google Patents

Secondary battery Download PDF

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Publication number
KR20000051638A
KR20000051638A KR1019990002194A KR19990002194A KR20000051638A KR 20000051638 A KR20000051638 A KR 20000051638A KR 1019990002194 A KR1019990002194 A KR 1019990002194A KR 19990002194 A KR19990002194 A KR 19990002194A KR 20000051638 A KR20000051638 A KR 20000051638A
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KR
South Korea
Prior art keywords
pouch
pressure sensor
secondary battery
cathode
negative electrode
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KR1019990002194A
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Korean (ko)
Inventor
홍의선
현상무
Original Assignee
김순택
삼성에스디아이 주식회사
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Priority to KR1019990002194A priority Critical patent/KR20000051638A/en
Publication of KR20000051638A publication Critical patent/KR20000051638A/en

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0031Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE: A secondary battery is provided to enhance stability through the expansion of the pouch inside a battery by activating a pressure sensor and a guard circuit that would cut off power when pressure is too high between cathode and anode of a battery. CONSTITUTION: A secondary battery includes the following components. One or more pressure sensors(38) are set on the outer part of a pouch(36). A guard circuit(40) is connected with cathode(26) and anode(24) and the guard circuit(40). A guard circuit(40) is activated when pressure exceed the limit when the pouch(36) is expanding. A guard circuit(40) cuts off power that goes through both sides of cathode(26) and anode(24). The device is activated when a pressure sensor(38) detects excessive pressure and transmits data to a guard circuit(40). Stability of a battery and its functions are secured when the guard circuit(40) cuts off the power between anode tap(32) and cathode tap(34).

Description

이차전지{Secondary battery}Secondary Battery

본 발명은 이차전지에 관한 것으로서, 좀 더 상세하게는 양극, 세퍼레이터 및 음극 그리고 전해질을 수납하는 케이스가 파우치로 된 이차전지에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a secondary battery, and more particularly, to a secondary battery having a case containing a positive electrode, a separator and a negative electrode, and an electrolyte.

이차전지는 전해물질에 양극과 음극을 삽입하고, 이 양극과 음극을 연결했을 때 전해물질과 전극 사이에서 발생되는 전기화학적 반응을 이용한 전지로써, 기존의 일차전지와는 달리 전자 전기제품에서 소모된 에너지를 충전기에 의해 재충전하여 반복 사용할 수 있는 충전과 방전이 가능한 전지여서 포터블화하는 전자 전기제품과 더불어 급속한 신장을 보이고 있다.A secondary battery is a battery using an electrochemical reaction generated between an electrolyte and an electrode when a positive electrode and a negative electrode are inserted into an electrolyte material, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode are connected to each other. It is a battery that can be recharged and recharged by a charger and can be repeatedly used, and is rapidly growing with portable electronic appliances.

이러한 이차 전지는 양극이나 음극 혹은 전해액을 어떤 물질로 사용하냐에 따라 니켈카드뮴전지, 니켈수소전지, 리튬이온전지 및 리튬폴리머 전지 등으로 나뉘며, 형태적으로는 원통형, 팩키지형 및 각형으로 구분된다.Such secondary batteries are divided into nickel cadmium batteries, nickel hydrogen batteries, lithium ion batteries, and lithium polymer batteries according to which materials are used as the positive electrode, the negative electrode, or the electrolyte, and are divided into cylindrical, packaged, and rectangular shapes.

특히, 리튬이온 폴리머전지(Litium ion polymer battery)는 양극으로 리튬금속산화물이 음극으로 탄소재료가 사용되고, 그 사이에 코폴리머에 전해질을 함침한 세퍼레이터가 배치되어서, 양극과 음극간에 리튬 이온이 이동되고 기전력이 발생되게 함으로써 충·방전이 이루어지도록 한다.In particular, a lithium ion polymer battery includes a lithium metal oxide as a cathode and a carbon material as a cathode, and a separator in which an electrolyte is impregnated with a copolymer is disposed therebetween so that lithium ions are moved between the anode and the cathode. The electromotive force is generated to allow charge and discharge to occur.

도 3에서는 리튬이온 폴리머전지를 사시도로 나타내고 있다.3 illustrates a perspective view of a lithium ion polymer battery.

리튬금속산화물로 된 양극(2)과, 탄소로 된 음극(4)이 세퍼레이터(6)의 사이에 배치되고, 양극(2)에는 알루미늄 그리드(8)가 음극(4)에는 구리로 된 그리드(10)가 밀착되며, 양극 그리드(8)와 음극 그리드(10)의 일부분에 양극 탭(12)과 음극 탭(14)을 부착한다. 특히, 세퍼레이터(6)는 코폴리머로 제조되며 그 내부에 전해질이 함침되어진다.A cathode 2 made of a lithium metal oxide and a cathode 4 made of carbon are disposed between the separators 6, an aluminum grid 8 at the anode 2 and a copper grid at the cathode 4 10 is in close contact, and the positive electrode tab 12 and the negative electrode tab 14 are attached to a part of the positive electrode grid 8 and the negative electrode grid 10. In particular, the separator 6 is made of copolymer and impregnated with an electrolyte therein.

이러한 부품들은 일측이 개구된 파우치(16)에 수납되어지고, 상기 양극 탭(12)과 음극 탭(14)이 노출되어진 채 개구를 밀봉하는 구조로 된다. 파우치(16)는 박막의 플라스틱이나 금속으로 제조 가능하다.These parts are accommodated in the pouch 16 having one side open, and the anode tab 12 and the cathode tab 14 are exposed to seal the opening. The pouch 16 can be made of thin plastic or metal.

그러나, 파우치(16)를 케이스로 사용한 전지는 기존의 금속 캔과는 달리 안전장치를 내장한 캡 어셈블리 구조가 설치될 수 없으므로 전지의 내부 이상 발생시 전해물질과 리튬이온간의 반응에 의한 내압이 상승하여 전지 안전성에 치명적인 문제를 발생시킬 수 있다.However, since the battery using the pouch 16 as a case cannot be installed a cap assembly structure with a built-in safety device, unlike a conventional metal can, the internal pressure of the battery increases due to the reaction between the electrolyte and the lithium ion. May cause fatal problems in battery safety.

이와 같은 문제를 해결하는 방안으로 종래 사용되고 있는 구조는 PTC소자 등의 외부 회로를 응용하기도 하나, 안전성의 중요도에 비해 전류를 차단하는 장치들이 기존의 각형이나 원통형 전지에 비추어 볼 때 매우 부족한 것이 사실이다.In order to solve such a problem, the conventionally used structure may be applied to external circuits such as PTC devices, but the fact that the devices that cut off the current are very insufficient in view of the conventional square or cylindrical batteries in comparison to the importance of safety. .

본 발명은 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 안출된 것으로서 전지의 내부 이상 발생시 파우치가 팽창하여 부풀어진다는 것에 착안하여 이 현상을 안전성의 확보와 연계시킨 이차전지를 제공하는 것이 목적이다.The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and the object of the present invention is to provide a secondary battery in which the pouch expands and swells when an internal abnormality occurs.

이를 위하여, 파우치의 표면에 부착되는 적어도 1개 이상의 압력센서와, 이 압력센서와 양극 및 음극에 연결되는 보호회로가 부가되어 파우치의 팽창시 규정된 압력치 이상일 때 보호회로가 작동되어 양극과 음극 사이에 통전되던 전류를 차단시키는 구조를 제안한다.To this end, at least one pressure sensor attached to the surface of the pouch, and a protective circuit connected to the pressure sensor and the positive electrode and the negative electrode are added so that the protective circuit is operated when the pouch is inflated above the prescribed pressure value. We propose a structure that cuts off the current flowing between them.

상기 압력센서는 통상적인 스트레인 게이지가 사용될 수 있다.The pressure sensor may be a conventional strain gauge.

도 1은 본 발명에 따른 이차전지를 부분 절개하여 도시한 분리 사시도,1 is an exploded perspective view illustrating a partially cut secondary battery according to the present invention;

도 2는 본 발명에 따른 다른 실시예를 도시한 분리 사시도,2 is an exploded perspective view showing another embodiment according to the present invention;

도 3은 종래 공지된 이차전지를 도시한 사시도.Figure 3 is a perspective view of a conventionally known secondary battery.

* 도면의 주요 부분에 대한 부호의 설명 *Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawings

20 : 적층체22 : 세퍼레이터20: laminate 22: separator

24 : 양극26 : 음극24: anode 26: cathode

28 : 양극 그리드30 : 음극 그리드28: anode grid 30: cathode grid

32 : 양극탭34 : 음극탭32: positive electrode tab 34: negative electrode tab

36 : 파우치38 : 압력센서36: pouch 38: pressure sensor

40 : 보호회로40: protection circuit

이하 본 발명에 따른 바람직한 실시예를 첨부된 도면에 의거하여 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

도 1은 본 발명에 따른 이차전지를 부분 절개하여 사시도로 나타내고 있다. 도면 부호 20은 적층체로써, 코폴리머에 전해물질이 함침된 세퍼레이터(22)를 사이에 두고 양극 활물질인 리튬금속산화물로 된 양극(24)과, 음극 활물질인 탄소로 된 음극(26)이 밀착되어진다.1 is a partial cutaway view of a secondary battery according to the present invention is shown in a perspective view. Reference numeral 20 denotes a laminate, in which a positive electrode 24 made of lithium metal oxide as a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode 26 made of carbon as a negative electrode active material are in close contact with a separator 22 impregnated with an electrolytic material in a copolymer. It is done.

그리고, 양극(24)과 음극(26)의 바깥쪽에는 각각 양극 그리드(28)와 음극 그리드(30)가 밀착 배치되어 각각의 활물질을 지지하며, 양극 그리드(28)에는 양극탭(32)이 음극 그리드(30)에는 음극탭(34)이 인출되어져 적층체(20)의 상부로 돌출된다.In addition, the positive electrode grid 28 and the negative electrode grid 30 are closely disposed on the outer sides of the positive electrode 24 and the negative electrode 26 to support respective active materials, and the positive electrode tab 28 has a positive electrode tab 32. The negative electrode tab 34 is drawn out of the negative electrode grid 30 to protrude upward from the laminate 20.

이러한 구조로 된 적층체(20)는 일측이 개구된 파우치(36)의 내부로 수납되어지고 양극탭(32)과 음극탭(34)만이 파우치(36)의 바깥으로 노출되어지며, 파우치(36)의 개구된 부분이 밀봉되어짐으로써 이차전지가 완성된다.The laminated body 20 having such a structure is accommodated inside the pouch 36 having one side opened, and only the positive electrode tab 32 and the negative electrode tab 34 are exposed to the outside of the pouch 36, and the pouch 36 is exposed. The secondary battery is completed by sealing the opened portion of

상술한 구조의 이차전지가 충방전이 되는 과정에서 약간씩의 부피팽창이 있으나 만일 내부에서 이상이 발생하여 전해질과 리튬이온이 반응하면 파우치(36)가 급격하게 부풀어 오르고 결과적으로 폭발에 이르게 됨으로 본 발명의 특징에 따른 안전수단을 파우치(36)에 장착하여 안전을 확보할 수 있다.The secondary battery of the above-described structure has a slight volume expansion in the process of charging and discharging, but if an abnormality occurs in the interior and the electrolyte and lithium ions react, the pouch 36 swells rapidly and consequently leads to explosion. Safety means according to the characteristics of the invention can be mounted to the pouch 36 to ensure safety.

즉, 파우치(36)의 외측면에 압력 변화를 감지할 수 있는 압력센서(38)를 부착하고, 이 압력센서(38)와 양극탭(32) 및 음극탭(34)은 파우치(36)의 외측에 배치되는 보호회로(40)에 연결되어진다. 여기서, 보호회로(40)에는 외부에서 접속 가능한 양극단자(42)와 음극단자(44)가 설치되어지며, 압력센서(38)는 통상의 스트레인 게이지가 사용되어진다.That is, a pressure sensor 38 capable of detecting a pressure change is attached to the outer surface of the pouch 36, and the pressure sensor 38, the positive electrode tab 32, and the negative electrode tab 34 are each attached to the pouch 36. It is connected to the protection circuit 40 disposed outside. Here, the protective circuit 40 is provided with an externally connectable positive terminal 42 and a negative terminal 44, the pressure sensor 38 is used a conventional strain gauge.

보호회로(40)는 압력센서(38)에서 감지된 압력 변화가 입력되고, 규정된 압력에 도달했을 경우에 보호회로(40) 내부에서 양극탭(32)과 음극탭(34) 사이에 통전되는 것을 차단하게 되는 것이다.The protection circuit 40 inputs a pressure change sensed by the pressure sensor 38 and is energized between the positive electrode tab 32 and the negative electrode tab 34 inside the protection circuit 40 when a prescribed pressure is reached. Will be blocked.

한편, 본 발명에 따른 안전수단이 장착되는 다른 실시예로써 적층체를 대신하여 도 2에 도시한 바와 같이 파우치(46)의 내부로 전극롤(48)을 삽입할 수 있다.Meanwhile, as another embodiment in which the safety means according to the present invention is mounted, the electrode roll 48 may be inserted into the pouch 46 as shown in FIG. 2 instead of the laminate.

상기 전극롤(48)은 양극 기재에 양극 활물질을 도포한 양극과, 음극 기재에 음극 활물질을 도포한 음극 및 세퍼레이터를 함께 권취하여 얻어지며, 이 때 권취를 위하여 도시 생략된 멘드렐로 전극과 세퍼레이터의 일단을 잡은 상태에서 말게 되고, 이 상태로 외측면에 압력을 가하여 횡단면의 모양이 대략 타원형이 되도록 한 후 전극롤(48)의 바깥쪽 위치하는 음극의 끝부분을 접착용 테이프(50)로 전극롤(48)의 몸체에 부착하여 일체화시킨다.The electrode roll 48 is obtained by winding a positive electrode coated with a positive electrode active material on a positive electrode substrate, a negative electrode and separator coated with a negative electrode active material on a negative electrode substrate, and at this time, a mandrel electrode and a separator not shown for winding. The end of the cathode, which is positioned outside of the electrode roll 48, is formed by applying pressure to the outer surface in this state so that the cross section is approximately elliptical in this state. It is attached to the body of the electrode roll 48 and integrated.

그리고, 양극탭(52)과 음극탭(54)을 전극롤(48)의 양극과 음극에 접속한 후 전극롤(48)의 상부로 모두 인출하여 일측이 개구된 파우치(46)에 수납한 다음 밀봉하여 이차전지를 완성하게 된다.Then, the positive electrode tab 52 and the negative electrode tab 54 are connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the electrode roll 48, and both are pulled out to the upper portion of the electrode roll 48 to be stored in the pouch 46 having one side opened. Sealing completes the secondary battery.

이 때, 파우치(46)의 외측면에는 전술한 실시예에서 보인 압력센서(38)가 부착되며, 이 압력센서(38)는 보호회로(40)에 연결되어 충방전시 파우치(46)의 부풀어 오름에 따른 압력치를 보호회로(40)로 송출하는 것이다.At this time, the outer surface of the pouch 46 is attached to the pressure sensor 38 shown in the above-described embodiment, the pressure sensor 38 is connected to the protection circuit 40 to inflate the pouch 46 during charging and discharging The pressure value according to the rise is sent to the protection circuit 40.

그리고, 양극탭(52)과 음극탭(54)도 보호회로(40)에 연결되어 만약 파우치(46)의 내부에서 이상이 발생하여 규정된 압력에 도달했을 때 보호회로(40)가 작동하여 양극탭(52)과 음극탭(54) 사이에 흐르는 전류를 차단시켜 전지의 안전에 일조하게 된다.In addition, the positive electrode tab 52 and the negative electrode tab 54 are also connected to the protection circuit 40. When an abnormality occurs inside the pouch 46 and the prescribed pressure is reached, the protection circuit 40 operates and the positive electrode The current flowing between the tab 52 and the negative electrode tab 54 is cut off to contribute to the safety of the battery.

이상에서 살펴본 바와 같이 본 발명에 따른 실시예들은 종래의 문제점을 실질적으로 해소하고 있다.As described above, embodiments according to the present invention substantially solve the conventional problems.

즉, 파우치의 표면에 압력센서를 부착하여 전지의 충방전시 내부 쇼트에 의한 이상 발생을 감지하게 되는데, 규정된 압력 이상이 되어 파우치가 부풀어 오르게 되면 압력센서가 이를 감지하여 보호회로로 송출하고, 보호회로가 양극탭과 음극탭 사이의 전류를 차단하여 안전성을 획득하게 되는 것이다.That is, the pressure sensor is attached to the surface of the pouch to detect the abnormality caused by the internal short when the battery is charged and discharged.When the pouch swells due to the prescribed pressure or more, the pressure sensor detects this and sends it to the protection circuit. The protection circuit cuts the current between the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab to obtain safety.

Claims (3)

파우치의 내부에 양극, 세퍼레이터 및 음극이 수납되는 이차전지에 있어서,In the secondary battery in which the positive electrode, the separator and the negative electrode are accommodated inside the pouch, 상기 파우치(36)의 표면에 부착되는 적어도 1개 이상의 압력센서(38)와, 이 압력센서(38)에 연결됨과 동시에 상기 양극 및 음극에 연결되어 압력센서에서 감지된 압력이 규정치보다 높을 경우에 양극과 음극을 흐르는 전류를 차단하는 보호회로(40)가 부가되는 것을 특징으로 하는 이차전지.At least one pressure sensor 38 attached to the surface of the pouch 36 and the pressure sensor 38 connected to the pressure sensor 38 and at the same time connected to the positive and negative electrodes, the pressure detected by the pressure sensor is higher than the prescribed value. Secondary battery, characterized in that the protection circuit 40 is added to block the current flowing through the positive electrode and the negative electrode. 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 압력센서(38)는 파우치(36)의 외측면에 부착되는 것을 특징으로 하는 이차전지.The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the pressure sensor (38) is attached to an outer surface of the pouch (36). 제 2 항에 있어서, 상기 압력센서(38)는 스트레인 게이지인 것을 특징으로 하는 이차전지.3. The secondary battery according to claim 2, wherein the pressure sensor (38) is a strain gauge.
KR1019990002194A 1999-01-25 1999-01-25 Secondary battery KR20000051638A (en)

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006112639A1 (en) * 2005-04-20 2006-10-26 Lg Chem, Ltd. Secondary battery module having piezo sensor
KR100646522B1 (en) * 2004-10-01 2006-11-15 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 Lithium Secondary Battery
KR100878702B1 (en) * 2005-11-30 2009-01-14 주식회사 엘지화학 Safety Device for Secondary Battery and Battery Pack Employed with the Same
US8691408B2 (en) 2004-10-28 2014-04-08 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. Secondary battery including protective circuit module to protect battery when swelling occurs
KR101526516B1 (en) * 2010-10-29 2015-06-05 엠파이어 테크놀로지 디벨롭먼트 엘엘씨 Energy storage apparatus
KR20180079624A (en) * 2013-08-15 2018-07-11 로베르트 보쉬 게엠베하 Li/metal battery with shape change control
US10476068B2 (en) 2015-10-06 2019-11-12 Lg Chem, Ltd. Battery module including probe for detecting expansion of battery cell
KR20210081611A (en) 2019-12-24 2021-07-02 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 A pouch for analyzing the swelling characteristics of the battery cells and methods of analyzing the battery cells using the same
US11616269B2 (en) 2019-02-14 2023-03-28 Lg Energy Solution, Ltd. Secondary battery and battery module

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100646522B1 (en) * 2004-10-01 2006-11-15 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 Lithium Secondary Battery
US8216716B2 (en) 2004-10-01 2012-07-10 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. Lithium rechargeable battery having an internal space
US8691408B2 (en) 2004-10-28 2014-04-08 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. Secondary battery including protective circuit module to protect battery when swelling occurs
WO2006112639A1 (en) * 2005-04-20 2006-10-26 Lg Chem, Ltd. Secondary battery module having piezo sensor
KR100878702B1 (en) * 2005-11-30 2009-01-14 주식회사 엘지화학 Safety Device for Secondary Battery and Battery Pack Employed with the Same
KR101526516B1 (en) * 2010-10-29 2015-06-05 엠파이어 테크놀로지 디벨롭먼트 엘엘씨 Energy storage apparatus
KR20180079624A (en) * 2013-08-15 2018-07-11 로베르트 보쉬 게엠베하 Li/metal battery with shape change control
US10476068B2 (en) 2015-10-06 2019-11-12 Lg Chem, Ltd. Battery module including probe for detecting expansion of battery cell
US11616269B2 (en) 2019-02-14 2023-03-28 Lg Energy Solution, Ltd. Secondary battery and battery module
KR20210081611A (en) 2019-12-24 2021-07-02 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 A pouch for analyzing the swelling characteristics of the battery cells and methods of analyzing the battery cells using the same

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