KR20000035410A - Apparatus and method for recording, apparatus and method for reproduction, apparatus and method for recording/reproducing, and distribution medium - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A data recording method is provided to manage a defective storage medium region exchanging continuous storage regions with distribution storage regions, and to determine a data unit record size according a specific mode of a plurality of record modes. CONSTITUTION: In a data recording method, an MPU acquires a record mode and a title of recorded image data from a user interface unit(S21), and selects free region TOC information from oTOC information of a host RAM(S22). Whether a new defect exists at a free region indicated by the selected free region TOC information is judged(S23). If so, the MPU determines an address of a cluster indicating the new defect and excludes the address of the cluster from a chain of the free region(S24). The MPU records the free region TOC information at an address of the RAM, and generates iWTOC information(S25). The MPU issues a rewrite frequency limit command(S26), and determines the number(N) of a record command issue corresponding to a record mode of the recorded title(S7). The MPU sets the determined number(N) to a counter(S28), and transforms addressed HBA into LBA in order to manage an AV data record region(S29). The MPU issues a command for indicating HDD so as to record the acquired title(S30). There is determined whether the value of the counter is a zero(S31). If so, whether a record for the acquired title is ended is judged(S33). If so, start and end addresses of the recorded title, a record mode and chain information are recorded to the oTOC information of the RAM(S34). The MPU removes data indicating a new defect region from a new detect table, and adds addresses indicating a range comprising the new defect region, to a second defect list region of the oTOC information(S35).

Description

Apparatus and method for recording, apparatus and method for reproduction, apparatus and method for recording / reproducing, and distribution medium

The present invention relates to a recording and / or reproducing apparatus and a data storage medium, and more particularly, to processing of recording / reproducing / storage of data to account for a defect in the storage medium.

Data reproduced from or written to a hard disk drive (hereinafter referred to as HDD) is managed by a file management function of a built-in operating system of the host computer (hereinafter referred to as OS). For example, the HDD itself is not related to the specification of the free area or data recording area on the disk, but the data is recorded in the area specified by the host computer. Also, when data is reproduced, the data is read out from the area specified by the host computer.

In the operation of the "MS-DOS" or "UNIX" (both brand names) operating system, the recording area is a fixed size block of data (512 bytes or 1024 bytes) when the disc is initialized (or "formatted"). ), And data is written to the unit of data blocks. This method is called fixed size division.

In fixed size division, the number specified in the sector (hereinafter referred to as sector ID) is recorded at the head of each sector when the disk is initialized. The sector ID indicates the physical location on the disk. For example, the sector ID includes an 8-bit sector number, a 16-bit track number, a 9-bit plane number, and a 16-bit error checking code (hereinafter, Cyclic Redundancy Check).

The host computer manages the sector ID by a series of logical block numbers (hereinafter referred to as LBA (Logical Block Address)). The physical location on the disk where the data is recorded is specified by the host computer as LBAs.

Fig. 15 shows the structure of an embodiment of a conventional HDD system. In the structure of this embodiment, "MS-DOS" is used as the OS.

In the system of FIG. 15, the microprocessor device (hereinafter referred to as MPU) 11 controls the functions of the HDD 1. A servo circuit 12 generates a driving signal to control the audio coil motor (hereafter referred to as VCM) 13, so that the VCM generates a magnetic head (not shown in the figure) on disk. Move to the specified track position. The buffer 16 stores data supplied to the HDD 1 from the outside and data supplied from the HDD 1 to the outside. The R / W (read / write) channel processing unit 17 generates a signal to be recorded on the disk 18, and the signal is read from the disk 18. The hard disk controller (hereinafter referred to as HDC) 15 controls the writing / reading of data to / from the buffer 16, and controls the data by means of the RW channel processing unit 17 based on the control by the MPU 11. Transition data between buffers. The MPU bus 14 couples the MPU 11, the servo circuit 12, the HDC 15, and the R / W channel processing unit 17.

An error correction code (hereinafter referred to as ECC) is added to the data recorded on the disk 19. ECC appears when an error is present in the reproduced data, and the MPU 11 again tries to reproduce the data from the disc 18. This operation is called a retry process. In a typical HDD, the retry process is repeated several times as an internal process.

The MPU 11 regards a sector which cannot read the recorded data as a defective sector when the data cannot be read despite the retry process. The MPU indicates that the sector is defective and that the next data is written to the disk and that the defective data is not used, but rather the defective sector writes a replacement sector located in the normally unused portion of the disk.

The HDD 1 is connected to the host computer 2 by a bus such as a small computer system interface (SCSI) bus or an integrated drive electronics (IDE) bus.

"MS-DOS" is used as the OS 21 in the host computer 2, and the device driver 22 is a program for accessing a disk as a block device. The logical format program 23 is a program for recording initialization information (e.g., sector ID and file management table) necessary when the disk 18 is initialized. The Basic Input Output System (BIOS) is a program that is connected to the device driver 22 and the logical format program 23 and performs I / O (input / output) between the host computer 2 and the HDD 1.

High data rate image and audio data (hereinafter referred to as AV data) is recorded in the above-described HDD 1 in the logical block units, and then, a continuous stream of data is broken and small shreds ( in the form of fragmentation). Such a condition is called shredding. As a result of the shredding, data is read out from the disc frequency head operation, and when a disk rotation waiting period to be performed occurs, on the contrary, the continuity of the reproduction data is affected.

To solve this problem, data is written to cluster units, not logical block units, each cluster having a number of logical blocks (e.g., units of 1024 sectors). Data continuity is maintained even when crushing occurs in cluster units to determine the size of the cluster.

The cluster is of the same fixed size regardless of data type to facilitate control (including data waits). For a wide variety of AV data rates, data is recorded according to the cluster size based on the maximum data rate. Thus, AV data having a rate lower than the maximum rate is determined based on the maximum rate despite being recorded at the cluster size of the maximum rate.

As a result, data having a low rate (e.g., data containing only AV data and audio information with a low rate), or data having a small size (e.g., system management data) is a single cluster size unit (maximum). Rate, and thus the unused cluster positions are given, and the utilization rate of the disc recording area is reduced.

Disk defects are described in the logical-physical address translation process in the HDD 1. Defects that are formed at the stage before the disk is used by the user (eg, defects that are formed during manufacture or transportation) are called initial defects. The defect formed after the initial use is called the second defect.

When an initial defect is detected by full surface check at the time of manufacture and initialization, a slip is performed to replace the process. Slip to replace processing involves skipping the physical address of the defective sector during the logical-physical address translation process. The physical address of the normal (defect-free) sector located along with the defective sector is used instead of the physical address of the defective sector. Slip replacement processing is realized by skipping the physical address of a defective sector when successive logical addresses are transitioned to respective physical addresses.

On the other hand, the second defect depends on the replacement sector processing. Replacement sector processing relates to the use of reserved sectors secured in separate areas of the disk. Replacement sectors are used instead of defective sectors. More specifically, the physical address in the replacement sector is assigned to a logical address representing a defective sector in the logical-physical address translation process. Replacement sector processing is classified into replacement processing and automatic replacement processing, which will be described later.

Detecting a second defect in the disc and the processing method accompanying such detection will be described. When the recorded data is reproduced, the retry process is executed if an error is detected in the reproduced data. In the retry process, playback is repeated while various parameters are changed. If data is not read despite a certain number of repetitions, the address is considered to be a secondary defective address. Then, when data is written to the disc, the defective address follows the replacement process.

If data is read before a predetermined number of repeated retries, the address is considered an address that is likely to be bad, and the data is replaced by a replacement sector area of the HDD 1 after the read data has been transferred to the host computer 2. Are automatically recorded. This process is called an automatic replacement process.

When the replacement process or the automatic replacement process is executed, the host computer 2 can access the data according to the successive LBAs. In other words, even if the physical address becomes discontinuous as a result of the replacement process or the automatic replacement process, the LBA is continuous.

When data is played back from the disk on which the replacement process or the automatic replacement process is executed, the total data access time is transferred to the original area for playback of the seek moving the magnetic head to the replacement area, the disk rotation after tracking, and the accompanying sectors. It is incremented with the tracking to return the magnetic head and the additional time required to perform the disk rotation after the tracking. Latency due to such mechanical operation (null running time for which no data transition is performed) can be a critical problem.

In the case where the second defect is coordinated by the host computer 2, since the data is managed in cluster units, the entire cluster area becomes null when one sector in the cluster is defective. As a result, the continuity of the data and the utilization rate of the recording area are sacrificed.

When the number of second defects increases due to increased wear, the above-described cluster replacement operation frequently occurs, the null recording area increases, and the device records / plays back continuous data such as picture and audio signals. The device is disabled.

It is an object of the present invention to solve the above problems.

1 is a block diagram illustrating the structure of a recording / reproducing apparatus according to the present invention;

Fig. 2 illustrates an embodiment format of a recording area relating to a hard disk drive.

Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating AV data recorded in cluster units, in size varying in accordance with a recording mode.

4 is a view for explaining a TOC management area shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 illustrates a part descriptor region shown in FIG. 4. FIG.

6 is a flow chart illustrating a process performed when a host computer is initialized in accordance with the present invention.

7 is a flow chart illustrating a process executed when the host computer is not operating in accordance with the present invention.

8 is a flowchart for explaining a process executed when AV data is recorded.

9A to 9D are diagrams useful for explaining a process performed when AV data is recorded.

10A to 10C illustrate TOC information operations performed when AV data is recorded.

Fig. 11 is a flowchart for explaining a process executed when AV data is reproduced.

12A to 12C are diagrams useful for explaining TOC information operations performed when AV data is reproduced.

Fig. 13 is a flowchart for explaining a process executed when editing TOC information.

14A to 14D illustrate a recording area and TOC information after performing the process of FIG.

Fig. 15 is a block diagram illustrating the structure of a conventional recording / reproducing apparatus.

* Brief description of symbols for the main parts of the drawings *

2: host computer 31: MPU

32: host RAM 33: memory controller

34: Buffer 35: MPEG Encoder

36: MPEG decoder 37: data bus

38: AT Attachment (ATA) I / F 40: Internal RAM

It is an object of the present invention to determine a data unit recording size in accordance with a particular one of a plurality of recording modes and / or to exchange one or more continuous data storage areas with one or more distributed storage areas to manage a defective storage medium area. By providing a recording system, a reproduction system, and a storage medium as much as possible.

Without limiting the invention, the following specific description given by this embodiment will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which reference signs indicate elements and parts.

1 shows the structure of an embodiment of a host computer 2 for practicing the present invention. Data recorded or reproduced is assumed to be Moving Picture Exports Group (MPEG) AV data.

The MPU 31 controls the operation of the host computer including the management of user data files. The MPU 31 has built-in RAM (Random Access Memory) 40, data used temporarily such as tables for new defects stored in the built-in RAM 40 and necessary file management information. In the host RAM 32, file management tables are written to include a defect list 41 used for defect processing.

The memory controller 33 controls the AV data input from the MPEG encoder 35 and output to the MPEG decoder 36 to realize simultaneous recording / playback. In addition, the memory controller performs interface processing together with the elements, ATA (AT Attachment) I / F 38, connected to each other by the data bus 37. The memory controller also controls the temporary storage of host computer input / output data.

The MPEG encoder 35 separately receives AV signals, MPEG-encoded picture signals and audio signals from an external device (not shown in the figure, for example, a television receiver), and multiplexes the encoded signals. The multiplexed signal is supplied to the memory controller 33. The MPEG decoder 36 uses a demultiplexer (not shown in the figure) to separate the multiplexed data supplied from the memory controller 33 into picture data and audio data, decode each picture data and audio data, Send the decoded data to an external device. MPU 31, host RAM 32, memory controller 33, and ATA I / F 38 are coupled via data bus 37.

The ATA I / F 38 executes the interface processing between the HDD 1 and the host computer 2 by the data bus 37. The HDD 1 has the same structure shown in Fig. 15, and therefore will not be described again.

Next, the operation of the host computer 2 will be described. AV signals from an external device (for example, a television receiver) not shown in the figure are supplied to the MPEG encoder 35. The MPEG encoder 35 separates the image signal and the audio signal and encodes them, multiplexes them using a built-in multiplexer (not shown in the figure), and then supplies them to the memory controller 33. The memory controller 33 forwards the input AV data to the buffer 34 for temporary storage. The MPU 31 controls the memory controller 33 to read the AV data stored in the buffer 34 in a predetermined amount, and supplies the read AV data to the HDD for writing.

In the reproduction operation, the MPU 31 stores a predetermined amount of AV data in the buffer 34 to instruct the HDD 1 to read the AV data. AV data read out from the HDD 1 in accordance with the command of the MPU is temporarily stored in the buffer by the memory controller 33. AV data read by the memory controller 33 is supplied to the MPEG decoder 36. The MPEG decoder 36 demultiplexes the input AV data into picture data and audio data, and decodes the picture data and the audio data separately. The decoded data is then transmitted in an AV signal.

2 shows the data format of the embodiment of the recording area of the HDD 1. The entire recording area of the disk 18 of the HDD 1 has a plurality of logical blocks and is addressed in accordance with the concatenation of consecutive logical block addresses LBA 0 to LBA N.

The area of LBA M-1 to LBA M-1 is a recording area for AV data, and the remaining area of LBA N from LBA M is an information technology (IT) recording area. The IT recording area includes an audio data area, a table of contents (TOC) area, and a second defect list area. Areas in which user data is recorded are an AV data recording area and an audio data area. The TOC area and the second defect list area belong to the system management area.

AV data is recorded in cluster units, and the cluster size may be different for any two given recording modes. Each write mode is associated with a distinct bit rate. For example, the recording mode is an editing mode (8 Mbps) for recording data that can be edited, and an SP mode (4 Mbps) for recording images at a relatively high quality, although the quality is not as high as in the editing mode. Or LP mode (2 Mbps) for recording for a relatively long time although the quality is not as high as in the previous two modes.

A cluster is a group of logical blocks, the smallest unit arranged on disk when data is written. As described above, the size of the cluster varies depending on the recording mode, for example, maximum in the edit mode, minimum in the LP mode, and between maximum and minimum in the SP mode.

3 shows an apparatus of an embodiment of a data file to be recorded. User data files (AV data and audio data) are recorded in cluster units having respective sizes according to the recording mode of the user file in question. Data recorded in the system management area is recorded in logical block units. Each AV data file is represented by a title.

The structure of the TOC region is shown in FIG. The TOC area includes a TOC management area, a title number area, and a part descriptor area. The data of the TOC area is used to manage title information, free area and defective area.

In the TOC management area, 2-byte unit pointers are stored to indicate part descriptors (defect area part descriptors, free area descriptors, and free part descriptors) describing the position of data recorded on the disk. "1ST TNo" is a pointer indicating the number of the first title, "LAST TNo" is a pointer indicating the number of the last title, and "P-DFA (Part-Defect Area)" is a pointer indicating a defective area.

&Quot; P-Empty " is a pointer indicating an area without part descriptors, and in the embodiment shown in Fig. 4, the " P-Empty " pointer indicates 4, so that the fourth part descriptor of the part descriptor area will be described. Empty data with no content. &Quot; P-FRA " is a pointer representing empty data (Free Recordable Area), and in the embodiment shown in Fig. 4, the " P-FRA " pointer represents 2, thus, the free area information is defined as the first part of the part descriptor area. This is explained in the two-part descriptor.

The title number area has a size for 247 ties, and a 1 byte unit for representing a part descriptor of each title is stored there. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 4, the pointer of title 1 indicates 1, and therefore, the information of title 1 describes the first part descriptor of the part descriptor area.

The structure of the part descriptor is shown in FIG. The part descriptor is 16-byte information including a head address, an end address, a pointer to the accompanying part descriptor of the recorded data on the disc, and title attribute information (for example, a title recording mode). In the embodiment shown in Fig. 5, the first part descriptor of the part descriptor area is information of title 1, the head address of the data of title 1 of the user data area is described as the head address, and the end of title 1 of the user data area. The address is described as an end address, and further, the third part descriptor is specified as pointer information (pointer indicates 3) in the part descriptor accompanying Title 1. If there is no pointer information specified in the accompanying part descriptor (the value of the pointer is zero), then it indicates that there is no chaining of the accompanying part descriptor. The address of the unused area and the pointer information specified in the accompanying descriptor are described in the free part descriptor.

The host computer 2 manages the AV data recording area in units of the LP mode cluster size, and an address number given based on this unit is called a HBA (Host Block Address). For example, assume the cluster size is 256 logical blocks in LP mode, after which the actual LBA is HBA x 256.

For example, to obtain TOC information of title 1, a pointer indicating a part descriptor of title 1 is obtained from the first and second bytes of the title number area. Based on the address indicated by the pointer (in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the value of the pointer is 1), the part descriptor of the title 1 (the address of the first part descriptor in the part descriptor area) is accessed, and the data is actually recorded. An address is obtained on the user data area to be made. In the case where data is recorded by being distributed in the user data area, the address of the concatenated part descriptor (in the embodiment shown in Fig. 5, the pointer value is 3) is obtained from the concatenated information (pointer of the accompanying part descriptor), The chained part descriptor is accessed. Such chained access is repeated until the accompanying part descriptor no longer has a pointer, indicating that there is no data associated with the title being read. In the embodiment of Fig. 5, the data of Title 1 is recorded distributed in the second and fourth clusters in the user data area. The free area information and the defective area information are each managed as a single continuous information stream by concatenating their respective part descriptors when the part descriptors of the title information are concatenated.

Referring to the flowchart shown in FIG. 6, the reproduction processing of the system management area data executed when the host computer 2 is started will be described. In step S1, the MPU 31 reads TOC area information (TOC information recorded in the HDD 1 is referred to hereinafter as dTOC information) from the system management area recorded in the HDD 1.

In step S2, the MPU 31 records the TOC area information read in step S1, and generates oTOC (TOC area information written in host RAM 32 is referred to as oTOC information below). do. In step S3, the MPU 31 records the second defect list area information read in step S1 on the predetermined address in the host RAM 32, and generates a new defect table. After completion of step S3, the host computer 2 waits for the next command.

The update of the system management area information executed when recording or reproducing is completed or power is turned off in the host computer 2 is described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. In step S11, the MPU 31 calculates the difference between the oTOC information recorded in the host RAM 32 and the dTOC information recorded in the HDD 1, and records the difference with the new dTOC information of the HDD 1; do.

In step S12, the MPU 31 determines whether or not the power of the host computer is to be turned off. If the power is determined not to turn off, then the host computer 2 enters the standby state. If the power is determined to be turned off, then the sequence performs step S13, and the MPU 31 determines whether new defect information is to be added to the oTOC information of the host RAM 32. If the MPU 31 determines that new defect information is to be added to the oTOC information, the sequence performs step S14. In step 14, the defect information of the oTOC information is overwritten in the second defect list area of the HDD 1, and the processing of the host computer 2 goes to the end. If the MPU 31 determines that no new defect information is added to the oTOC, the processing of the host computer 2 simply goes to termination.

The update of the system management area information executed when the host computer 2 records the AV data is described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. In step S21, the MPU 31 acquires the recording mode and title of the image data recorded from the user interface unit (not shown in the figure). In step S22, the MPU 31 sets the free area TOC information (from the free area) between the oTOC information of the host RAM 32 (generated from the dTOC information of the HDD 1 in step S2 shown in FIG. 6). Part Descriptor Information).

In step S23, the MPU 31 determines whether there is a new defect in the free area indicated by the free area part descriptor information selected in step S22. The determination is executed based on the new defect table generated in the host RAM 32 in step S3 shown in FIG. If there is a new defect, the sequence performs step S24, and in step S24, the MPU 31 determines the address of the cluster representing the new defect, excludes it from the concatenation of the free area, and step S25. ). If the MPU 31 determines that there are no new defects in step S23, then the sequence immediately performs step S25. In step S25, the MPU 31 writes the data of the free area part descriptor on the predetermined address in the internal RAM 4, iWTOC information (TOC information in the internal RAM 40 is referred to as iTOC information, ITOC information for recording is referred to as iWTOC information, and iTOC information for reproducing is referred to as IRTOC information.

In step S26, the MPU 31 issues a retry count limit command to the HDD 1. That is, the HDD 1 to which the present invention is applied receives a plurality of retry restrictions from the host computer 2 as a command. This command is defined as a new special command, for example ATA. When data cannot be written / read correctly to / from HDD 1 even though a number of retries fall within the limitations, HDD 1 will not be able to write to or read from the sector's address due to write / read failure to the host computer. Send an indication and set the error state to interpret the host computer 2. The host computer 2 detects a defective address when interpreting.

In step 27, the MPU 31 determines the number N of the number of recording command issuance corresponding to the recording mode (for example, for the editing mode N = 3) of the title to be recorded. Specifically, N corresponds to the number of write operations that must be performed on the hard disk in order to record the cluster according to a given recording mode. For example, if a given cluster has a size of 1024 sectors and a hard disk is written in units of 256 sectors, a number of N = 4 is needed to record one cluster. In step S28, the MPU 31 sets the number N determined in step S27 as a write instruction issuance counter.

In step S29, the MPU 31 uses the host computer 2 to convert the HBA addressed to manage the AV data recording area into the LBA. In step S30, the MPU 31 indicates the HDD 1 to record the title (obtained from the user interface unit in step S21) by the data bus 37 and the ATA I / F 38. Issue an order. The write command is issued based on the iWTOC information of the built-in RAM 40. At that time, the recordable cluster is selected based on the TOC information chain of the free area of iWTOC information to the recording position.

In step S31, the MPU 31 determines whether or not the count value of the write instruction occurrence count counter is zero. If the MPU 31 determines that the count value of the write command issuance counter is not zero in step S31, then the procedure performs step S32, and the count value of the write command issuance count counter [step ( 1 is added to the value set in S28). Then, the sequence returns to step S30 and the write command is issued again.

If the MPU 31 determines the number of times the value becomes zero in step S31 (the number of write command issuance is N + 1), then the sequence performs step S33. In step S33, the MPU 31 determines whether or not recording of the title acquired in step S21 ends. If the MPU 31 determines that the current title recording is not to end, the sequence returns to step S28, and the MPU 31 sets the number of counters to N for the accompanying cluster, and steps S29 to S29. S33) is repeated.

If the MPU 31 determines recording to end in step S33, the start address of the recorded title, the end address of the recorded title, the recording mode (title attribute information), and the chain information (the pointer of the accompanying part descriptor). Information on the host) is recorded in the oTOC information of the host RAM 32. In step S35, the MPU 31 removes the data indicating the new defective area from the new defective table, and assigns the addresses indicating the range including the new defective area to the second defect list area of the oTOC information of the host RAM 32. In addition to the above, the host computer 2 is input in a standby state.

The process executed in steps S22 to S25 shown in FIG. 8 is further described with reference to FIG. 9. 9A shows free area information in which the MPU 31 is selected from oTOC information of the host RAM 32, and FIG. 9B shows oTOC information. FIG. 9 (c) shows iWTOC information generated by the MPU 31 in the built-in RAM 40, and FIG. 9 (d) shows a new defect table obtained as a result of new defects detected by the MPU 31. FIG. do.

Fig. 9A shows the contents of the part descriptor in the free area. The free area has three areas, the first area has a start address of 0 and the last address of 9, the second free area has a start address of 24 and a last address of 31, and the third free area has a start of 40 It has an address and the last address of n.

9B shows part descriptor information of the oTOC information of the host RAM 32. In the content of the part descriptor of Title 2, 16 in the first column indicates the head address of the first range (continuous HBA area on the HDD 1), and 23 indicates the last address in the first range. In the second column, 32 represents the first address of the accompanying range, and 39 represents the last address of the accompanying range. In the third column, h'FF..FF indicates that there is no data in the next area (cleared). In other words, the data of Title 2 is divided and recorded in two ranges. The content of the part descriptor of the defective area and the part descriptor of the free area is h'FF..FF, and since there is no data, there is no free area descriptor and no defect area descriptor.

FIG. 9C shows the iWTOC generated in the built-in RAM 40 of the MPU 31 by the MPU 31 at step S25 after the processing at steps S23 and S24 executed by the MPU 31. The content of the information is shown. In FIG. 9 (a), the area indicated by address 2 outside the range (having the first address of 0 and the last address of 7) in the first column of the free area is determined as a new defective area, and the first area is a concatenation of the free area. From [process in step S24 shown in FIG. 8] are excluded. Thus, the free area includes two areas, a first free area having a start address of 24 and an end address of 31, and a second free area having a start address of 40 and an end address of n. iRTOC information is h'FF..FF because there is no recorded data.

The new defect table shown in Fig. 9D shows an area in which the MPU 31 detects an error in step S23 shown in Fig. 8. In this case, the new defect table indicates that the area at address 2 of the free area newly detects the second defect. The MPU 31 detects a new defect, and the defect is recorded in the new defect table of the built-in RAM 40.

FIG. 10 shows new defect table information, iTOC information, and oTOC information in the internal RAM 40 after the recording of Title 2 is finished as shown in FIG. 9, and the steps S34 and S35 shown in FIG. Is done. FIG. 10 (a) shows oTOC information of the host RAM 32, compared to FIG. 9 (b) where one range (having a leading address of 0 and a last address of 7) is not added with one range. It is added to the part descriptor in the defect area. This range is generated as a result of the MPU 31 adding addresses indicating the range containing the new defective area to the second defective area list of the oTOC information in step S35 shown in FIG. 10 (b) is the same as FIG. 9 (c), and the description is omitted. The new defect table of the built-in RAM 40 of the MPU 31 shown in FIG. 10C shows the information of address 2 from the information shown in FIG. 9D through the process of step 35 shown in FIG. As a result of deletion (deleting based on the recording of the range including address 2 in the part descriptor of the defective area of the OTOC information).

When the host computer 2 reproduces the AV data described with reference to the flowchart shown in Fig. 11, it is necessary to update the system management area information. In step S41, the MPU 31 acquires a title of image data reproduced from the user interface unit (not shown). In step S42, the MPU 31 generates TOC area information corresponding to the title from among the oTOC information of the host RAM 32 (generated from the dTOC information of the HDD 1 of step S2 shown in FIG. 6). Select. In step S43, the MPU 31 records the selected oTOC information of step S42 at the predetermined address of the internal RAM 40 in the MPU 31, and generates iRTOC information.

In step S44, the MPU 31 issues a retry count limit command to the HDD 1. In step S45, the MPU 45 determines the number of times of the reproduction command limit number N according to the recording mode (for example, the editing mode) of the title to be reproduced. In step S46, the MPU 31 sets the number of reproduction command counters to N.

In step S47, the host computer 2 converts the HBA, which is an address used when managing the AV data recording area, into an LBA. In step S48, the MPU 31 issues a command indicating reproduction of a title (obtained from the user interface in step S41) to the HDD 1 by the data bus 37 and the ATA I / F 38. Issue.

In step S48, the MPU 31 determines whether there is any error in reproducing the AV data supplied from the HDD 1 by the ATA I / F 38. If the reproduced AV data is determined to be in error, the host address corresponding to the reproduced AV data detected in step S49 is a new defective area, and the host address of the new error area is a new defective area of the built-in RAM 40. The sequence performs the step S50 in which the MPU 31 recognizes to be recorded in the table. The sequence then performs step S51. If the MPU 31 determines in step S49 that the AV is error free, step S50 is skipped and the sequence immediately proceeds to step S51.

In step S51, the MPU 31 determines whether the number of times of the number of the reproduction command counters (the value is set in step S46) is zero. If the MPU 31 determines that the count value is not 0, the sequence performs step S52, and 1 is subtracted from the count value of the number of the reproduction command counters. After that, the procedure returns to step S48, and the MPU 31 issues a playback command again.

If the MPU 31 determines the number of times of zero (the number of playback commands issued reaches N + 1), then the MPU 31 determines whether or not the playback of the title acquired in step S41 is finished. Is determined in step S53. If the MPU 31 determines that playback is not to end, the sequence returns to step S46, the number of counters is set to N for the accompanying cluster, and steps S47 to S53 are repeated. If the MPU 31 determines in step S53 that playback has ended, the host computer 2 enters the standby state.

The process executed in steps S42, S43 and S53 shown in FIG. 11 is further described with reference to FIG. 12 (a) shows oTOC information selected by the MPU 31 from the host RAM 32 in step S42, and FIG. 12 (b) shows an iRTOC generated by the MPU 31 in the internal RAM 40. Information is shown, and FIG. 12C shows information formed by recording a new defect detected by the MPU 31 in step S49 in a new defect table of the built-in RAM 40.

In Fig. 12A, a first block represents a part descriptor of title information, a second block represents a part descriptor of a free area, and a third block represents a part descriptor of a defective area. In the case of Fig. 12A, the part descriptor of the title information has two titles, namely, title 1 and title 2.

In Fig. 12A, for the part descriptor of Title 1, 0 in the first column indicates the first address of the first range, and 3 indicates the last address of the first range. In the second column, 8 represents the first address of the accompanying range, and 15 represents the last address of the accompanying range. In other words, the data of Title 1 is divided and recorded in two ranges. In the third column, h'FF..FF indicates that there is no data in the following area. The information of Title 2 is formatted in the same manner as the information of Title 1, and therefore the description of Title 2 information is omitted.

For the free area shown in Fig. 12A, for the part descriptor, 3 in the first column indicates the start address of the first free area, and 7 in the first column indicates the last address of the first free area. In the second column, 24 indicates the head address of the accompanying free area, and 31 in the second column indicates the end address of the accompanying area. 40 in the third column indicates the start address of the free area, and n in the third column indicates the end address of the third free area. In other words, the free area includes three areas.

H'FF..FF of the part descriptor of the defective area shown in Fig. 12A shows that there is no defective area.

FIG. 12 (b) shows the step shown in FIG. 11 after the MPU 31 selects the part descriptor of title 1 (selected in step S42 shown in FIG. 11) of the oTOC information shown in FIG. The content of iRTOC information recorded in the built-in RAM 40 of the MPU 31 in S43 is shown.

FIG. 12C shows a new defect table of the built-in RAM 40, that is, the disk address at which the MPU 31 detects an error in step S50 shown in FIG. In this case, the address 2 is determined to be the address of the second defect detected upon reproduction of the data of the title 1, and therefore, the address 2 is recorded in the new defect table in the built-in RAM 40 by the MPU 31.

When the MPU 31 detects a new defect at the time of recording of the title (processing in step S23 shown in FIG. 8), or upon reproducing the title (processing in step S49 shown in FIG. 11), The address of the new defective area is recorded in the dTOC information of the HDD 1. However, the area is considered defective at the time of recording or reproduction, and the area is not necessarily considered defective when the IT information is recorded. In this embodiment, the defective area is used for recording the IT information, and in the IT data recording area having the same size as that of the defective area, the cluster is used as the recording AV data. In other words, when a defect is detected in the AV area, the cluster containing the defect is used to record the IT data while the corresponding area in the IT area is used to record the displayed AV data.

Replacement of the recording area is realized through the use of a P-FRA pointer representing the free area in the TOC management area. The process is described in more detail with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.

In step S61, the MPU 31 determines the size of the defect cluster D in the second defect area list of the oTOC information of the host RAM 32. In step S62, the MPU 31 determines whether there is a contiguous free area having a size equal to or larger than that of the defect cluster D determined in step S61 of the IT recording area. If the MPU 31 determines that there is a free area of the same size or larger than the cluster D, the sequence performs step S63, and in step S63, the MPU 31 performs a defect cluster D. ) Is added to the P-FRA of the TOC management area for the IT information (to the chain of part descriptors of the last free area of the IT information).

If the MPU 31 determines in step S62 that there is no contiguous free area having a size equal to or larger than that of the defective cluster D, then the sequence performs step S64. In step S64, the MPU 31 issues an unlimited retry count command to the HDD 1. In step S65, the MPU 31 reads the IT information of the continuous area having the same size as that of the defect cluster D of the IT area. In step S66, the MPU 31 records the IT information read in step S65 in the AV data recording area in the same amount of area as that of the defective cluster D. FIG. In step S67, the MPU 31 rewrites the TOC information of the IT area of the same amount as that of the defect cluster D read in step S65 to the address of the AV area of the defect cluster D.

In step S68, the MPU 31 selects TOC information (head address and last address) of consecutive areas (corresponding to the size of the defect cluster D) of the IT information read in step S65 for the AV data. To the P-FRA of the TOC management area (added to the concatenation of the part descriptor of the last free area of the TOC information of the AV data). In step S69, the MPU 31 removes the information of the defective cluster D described in the oTOC information of the host RAM 32, and the host computer 2 enters the standby state.

The processing shown in FIG. 13 is executed, and the recording area of AV data and IT data and TOC information of AV data and IT data are further described with reference to FIG. FIG. 14A shows the entire recording area before the process shown in FIG. 13, and FIG. 14B shows the entire recording area after the process shown in FIG. The shaded area represents the area used. FIG. 14C shows TOC information of AV data after the process shown in FIG. 13, and FIG. 14D shows TOC information of IT data after the process shown in FIG.

In Fig. 14A, the AV data is continuously recorded in the AV area except for the defect cluster D area (addresses B to C-1). 14B shows that the area (addresses b to c-1) of the defect cluster D is changed to the IT recording area through the process of step S63 shown in FIG. 13, and the defect cluster of the IT recording area is shown. The area (addresses G to Z-1) having the same size as that of (D) is changed to the AV data recording area. According to this process, the area (addresses B to C-1) of the defective cluster D is used as a recording area for IT information, and the area (address G to Z-1) that becomes a recording area for IT information is It is used as a recording area for AV data.

Fig. 14C shows the TOC information of the AV data (only in the free area), the pointer of "P-FRA" represents M, and the part indicator of the free area of the pointer M has addresses D through D-1. It indicates that it is a free area, and the chain to the accompanying part descriptor (pointer value N) shows addresses G through Z-1 (the area is added to the AV data recording area in the process shown in FIG. 13).

Fig. 14 (d) shows TOC information of the IT information (only in the free area), the pointer of " P-FRA " represents 0, and the part descriptor of the free area of the pointer 0 indicates that addresses F through G-1 are represented. Indicates that it is a free area, and the chain to the accompanying part descriptor (pointer value P) indicates addresses B through C-1 (the area is added to the IT recording area in the process shown in FIG. 13).

Recording or reproducing of data in the IT area is executed in the LBA units including the system management area, and the HDD 1 accepts access without limit of the number of retries. Normal defect processing executed in the HDD 1 is executed.

In another embodiment, the defect area may be processed as follows. The storage area is provided in advance, and the storage area allocated to the AV data recording temporarily records the AV data without checking whether the IT recording area is free or not. Then, the IT data having the same size as that of the defective cluster is recorded in the defective cluster, the AV data in the storage area is transferred to the free IT recording area, and the storage area is emptied.

In another option, another area may be provided for defective AV clusters, and the computer may perform replacement of the defective cluster areas with another area instead of performing a skipping process.

In the above embodiment, the host computer detects the second defect by means of an error condition. However, the other MPU 31 does not need to check the error state at the time of reproduction, and collects LBAs with errors from the HDD upon completion of the reproduction command.

In the present invention, the distribution medium for distributing the computer program to perform the above-described processing to users is not limited, but information recording media such as magnetic disks and CD-ROMs, and other network transmissions such as the Internet and digital satellites. Media.

As described above, since the size of the group having successive logical blocks is controlled to correspond to the data recording mode, it is therefore possible to effectively record data on the recording medium without sacrificing the recording rate of the data. Do. Further, since the partial area of the first data recording area containing the defect changes the partial area of the second recording area, it is possible to effectively use the recording area. Further, since data is reproduced from a predetermined range of areas including a defect during a period of time for recording the position of the defect in the recording area of the recording medium, it is possible to reproduce as much data as possible even if a defect is generated. .

Although the present invention has been shown and described in detail in connection with the above preferred embodiments, various changes may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the appended claims are to be construed to include the embodiments described herein, other alternatives described above, and all equivalents.

The present invention provides a method for managing a defective storage medium area by determining a data unit recording size in accordance with a particular mode of a plurality of recording modes, and / or exchanging one or more continuous data storage areas with one or more distributed storage areas. A recording system, a reproduction system, and a storage medium are provided.

Claims (49)

An apparatus for recording data as recording units on a recording medium, Means for designating one mode of all of the plurality of records; Means for setting sizes of recording units according to the designated recording mode; Means for recording data on a recording medium according to a recording unit-by-recording unit basis. The recording process according to claim 1, further comprising means for setting the number of recording processes for each recording mode, wherein the number of recording processes for each of the modes is executed when recording a unit according to the mode. Data recording device indicating the number of pieces. The data recording apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the data includes audio data, video data, and system management data. A data recording apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said recording medium is divided into an audio / video data recording area and an information technology recording area. 5. The data recording apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the data includes audio data, video data, and system management data, wherein the video data is recorded only in the audio / video data recording area, and the system management data is recorded only in the information technology recording area. Data recording device. The data recording apparatus according to claim 4, wherein when a defective area is detected in said audio / video area of a recording medium, at least a part of said system management data is recorded in said defective area. The data recording apparatus according to claim 4, wherein when a defective area is detected in said audio / video area of a recording medium, at least a part of said video data is recorded in said information description area. An apparatus for reproducing data from a recording medium, Means for recognizing one of the plurality of recording modes as the data is reproduced; Means for reproducing data in accordance with the principle of processing one recording unit one by one, wherein the size of each recording unit is determined in accordance with the principle of a recording mode associated with the unit. 9. The reproduction process according to claim 8, further comprising means for setting the number of reproduction processes for each recording mode, wherein the number of reproduction processes for each of the modes is executed when reproducing a unit according to the mode. Data reproducing apparatus indicating the number of pieces. 9. The data reproducing apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said data includes audio data, video data, and system management data. 9. The data reproducing apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the recording medium is divided into an audio / video data recording area and an information technology recording area. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the data includes audio data, video data, and system management data, the video data is recorded only in the audio / video data recording area, and the system management data is recorded only in the information technology recording area. Data playback device. 12. The data reproduction apparatus according to claim 11, wherein when a defect area is detected on the recording medium during reproduction, the indication of the defect is stored in the apparatus. A method of recording data as recording units on a recording medium, Designating one mode of all of the plurality of records; Setting sizes of recording units according to the designated recording mode; And recording data on the recording medium according to the principle of processing one by one. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising setting a number of recording processes for each recording mode, wherein the number of recording processes for each of the modes is executed when recording a unit in accordance with the mode. A data recording method indicating the number of processes. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the data includes audio data, video data, and system management data. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the recording medium is divided into an audio / video data recording area and an information technology recording area. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the data includes audio data, video data, and system management data, wherein the video data is recorded only in the audio / video data recording area, and the system management data is recorded only in the information technology recording area. Data recording method. 18. The data recording method according to claim 17, wherein when a defective area is detected in said audio / video area of a recording medium, at least a part of said system management data is recorded in said defective area. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein when a defective area is detected in the audio / video area of a recording medium, at least a portion of the video data is recorded in the information description area. As a method of reproducing data from a recording medium, Recognizing one of the plurality of recording modes as the data is reproduced; Means for reproducing data according to a principle of processing unit by unit, wherein the size of each of the recording units is determined in accordance with the principle of a recording mode associated with the unit. 22. The reproduction process according to claim 21, further comprising means for setting the number of reproduction processes for each recording mode, wherein the number of reproduction processes for each of the modes is executed when reproducing the unit according to the mode. How to play data indicating the number of pieces. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein said data includes audio data, video data, and system management data. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the recording medium is divided into an audio / video data recording area and an information technology recording area. 25. The system of claim 24, wherein the data includes audio data, video data, and system management data, the video data is recorded only in the audio / video data recording area, and the system management data is recorded only in the information technology recording area. Data playback method. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein when a defect area is detected on the recording medium during reproduction, the indication of the defect is stored in the apparatus. In the recording medium for storing data, An audio / video data recording area for storing video data recorded in an audio / video data recording area according to a principle of processing one unit according to one mode among all of a plurality of recordings, wherein the size of each recording unit is the unit. An audio / video data recording area determined according to a principle of a recording mode related to A recording medium comprising an information technology data area for storing system management data. 28. The recording medium of claim 27, wherein the data includes audio data, video data, and system management data. 25. The recording medium of claim 24, wherein when a defective area is detected in the audio / video area, at least a portion of the system management data is recorded in the defective area. 5. The recording medium of claim 4, wherein when a defective area is detected in the audio / video area, at least a portion of the video data is recorded in the information description area. An apparatus for recording data on a recording medium having a continuous data area and a distributed data area, Means for detecting a defective area in the continuous data area; Means for recording continuous data and distributed data on the recording medium; Means for controlling the recording means to record the distributed data in the distributed data area and the defective area. 32. The data recording apparatus according to claim 31, wherein said detecting means further comprises means for detecting in said distributed data area an area having a size larger than or equal to the size of said defect area. 33. The data recording apparatus according to claim 32, wherein at least part of the continuous data is recorded in the area having a size larger than or equal to the size of the defective area. 32. The data recording apparatus of claim 31, wherein the continuous data includes audio data and video data, and the distributed data includes system management data. 32. The data recording apparatus according to claim 31, wherein said control means controls said recording means to record at least part of said continuous data in said distributed data area. An apparatus for reproducing data from a recording medium having a continuous data area and a distributed data area, Means for providing a place in the recording medium of the continuous data area and the distributed data area; Means for reproducing continuous data and distributed data from the recording medium; Means for controlling said reproducing means so that at least a part of said distributed data area recorded in said continuous data area is reproduced as distributed data. 37. The data reproducing apparatus as set forth in claim 36, wherein said control means is operable to cause at least a part of said continuous data recorded in said distributed data area to be reproduced as data of a continuous form. 37. The data reproduction apparatus of claim 36, wherein the continuous data includes audio data and video data, and the distributed data includes system management data. A method for recording data on a recording medium having a continuous data area and a distributed data area, Detecting a defective area in the continuous data area; Recording continuous data and distributed data on the recording medium via the recording means; Controlling the recording means to record the distributed data in the distributed data area and the defective area. 40. The data recording method according to claim 39, wherein said detecting step further comprises the step of detecting in said distributed data area an area having a size larger than or equal to the size of said defect area. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein at least a portion of the continuous data is recorded in the area having a size larger than or equal to the size of the defective area. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the continuous data includes audio data and video data, and the distributed data includes system management data. 40. The data recording method according to claim 39, further comprising controlling the recording means to record at least a portion of the continuous data in the distributed data area. A method for reproducing data from a recording medium having a continuous data area and a distributed data area, Providing a place in the recording medium of the continuous data area and the distributed data area; Reproducing continuous data and distributed data from said recording medium via reproducing means; And controlling said reproducing means so that at least a part of said distributed data area recorded in said continuous data area is reproduced as distributed data. 45. The data reproducing method according to claim 44, further comprising the step of controlling said reproducing means so that at least a part of said continuous data recorded in said distributed data area is reproduced as data of a continuous form. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein said continuous data comprises audio data and video data and said distributed data comprises system management data. A recording medium for storing continuous data and distributed data, A continuous data area for storing the continuous data; A distributed data area for storing the distributed data; A defective area included in the continuous data area, And a recording medium managed as part of the distributed data area so that defect data is stored in the defect area even though the defect area is included in the continuous data area. 48. The recording medium of claim 47, wherein the continuous data includes video data and the distributed data includes system management data. 49. The recording medium of claim 48, wherein at least a portion of the video data is recorded in the distributed data.