KR19990064740A - Production of Polysaccharides by the Extrusion Process - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for producing a polysaccharide using a twin screw extrusion machine. More specifically, the present invention provides a method for forming plant cell walls from apple peel, citrus peel, algae, and the like by an extrusion process involving high pressure and strong shear force as well as heating effect by a short time high temperature treatment. The present invention relates to a method for producing a polysaccharide by solubilizing a polysaccharide component such as pectin, alginate, carrageenan, and the like. According to the production method of the polysaccharide using the extruder of the present invention, the apple speed, citrus peel, seaweed and the like using a biaxial extrusion molding machine having a L / D ratio (length: diameter ratio) of 20 to 40 screw speed of 150 to 400 rpm, Extruding while maintaining at a sample feeding rate of 20 to 50 kg / hr and a water content of 15 to 40%; Adding the extruded raw material to distilled water at a rate of 1 to 10% (w / v), stirring for 40 to 80 minutes, and centrifuging at 6,000 to 9,000 × g for 5 to 15 minutes to take a supernatant and filter it; 3 to 5 times the volume of isopropanol in the filtrate and the precipitate obtained by leaving for 3 to 5 hours to prepare a polysaccharide by a method comprising the step of washing with isopropanol and acetone and drying at room temperature. According to the present invention, by accepting pectin, alginic acid, carrageenan, etc., which are constituent polysaccharides such as apple peel, citrus peel, seaweed, and the like, a method of preparing a polysaccharide capable of solving many problems of the conventional chemical extraction by acid and alkali is provided. to provide.

Description

Production technology of polysaccharides using extrusion machine {Production of Polysaccharides by the Extrusion Process}

The present invention relates to a method for producing a polysaccharide using an extrusion molding machine. More specifically, the present invention provides a pectin for forming a plant cell wall from apple foil, citrus peel, algae, etc. by an extrusion process involving high pressure and strong shear force, as well as heating effect by a short time high temperature treatment. The present invention relates to a method for preparing polysaccharides by accepting polysaccharide components such as pectin, alginate, and carrageenan.

Polysaccharides such as pectin, alginate, and carrageenan are colloidal substances that are dissolved in water, and are widely used as thickening agents, gelling agents, and stabilizing agents in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Biopolymer is used. They constitute the cell walls of fruit and seaweeds and are naturally insoluble because of their strong binding between components (see Korean Journal of Nutrition and Nutrition, 23 (2): 358-370 (1994)). Therefore, they have been extracted by solubilizing by adding an acid solution or an alkaline solution at high temperature. Such chemical extraction methods are useful for increasing yields, but they expose various industrial problems such as the generation of large amounts of wastewater by chemical treatment, corrosion of containers, deterioration of functionality due to decomposition of production polymer materials, and the inability to recycle the extraction residues. Has been made.

On the other hand, the extrusion molding machine is a device that can perform several unit processes such as mixing, pressurization, molding, drying, sterilization, cooling, etc. by a single model, and various food and polymer materials with high temperature, high pressure, and high shear force during operation. It is used a lot in the processing. In particular, the aforementioned high shear force can be used very efficiently for the reception of polysaccharide components constituting the plant cell wall. Extruders have been widely used in the manufacture of processed foods and animal feeds such as noodle and cereals, but have not been applied to the production of polysaccharide materials using the water solubility of insoluble plant cell walls.

Thus, the present inventors have confirmed that it is possible to replace the existing chemical extraction method by extracting polysaccharides such as pectin, alginate, carrageenan, etc. from the cell walls of plant cells using an extruder, and completed the present invention.

After all, the main object of the present invention is to provide a simple and economical method for extracting polysaccharides such as pectin, alginate, carrageenan from plants such as apple peel, citrus peel, algae, etc. using an extruder.

The manufacturing method of the polysaccharide by the extrusion molding process of the present invention will be described as follows.

Apple peel, citrus peel, algae, etc. are introduced into a twin screw extruder (Buller Brothers Co. DNDL-40, Swltzerland) having a length / diameter ratio of 20 to 40, and then the screw speed is 150 to Extrusion is performed while maintaining at 400 rpm, a sample feeding rate of 20 to 50 kg / hr, and a water content of 15 to 40%.

The extruded raw material is put in distilled water at a rate of 1 to 10% (w / v), stirred for 40 to 80 minutes, centrifuged at 6,000 to 9,000 × g for 5 to 15 minutes, and the supernatant is collected and filtered. After filtering the supernatant, 3 to 5 times the volume of isopropanol (isopropanol) of the filtrate was added and left for 3 to 5 hours to wash the precipitate obtained with isopropanol and acetone (acetone) and dried at room temperature to prepare a polysaccharide.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by way of examples. These examples are only for illustrating the present invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is not limited by these examples.

Example 1

After feeding into a twin screw extruder (twin screw extruder: Buhler Brothers Co. DNDL-40, Swltzerland) with a dry apple foil L / D ratio of 20, a screw speed of 250 rpm and a sample feeding rate of 40 kg / hr The extrusion was carried out while maintaining the moisture content at 25%. 50 g of extruded apple foil was put in 1 L of distilled water, stirred for 1 hour, and centrifuged at 6,500 × g for 10 minutes. Then, after filtering the supernatant, 4 L isopropanol (isoproprnol) was added to the filtrate, and the precipitate obtained by standing for 4 hours was washed with isopanol and acetone (acetone) and dried at room temperature. As a result of measuring the yield of the pectin by weight ratio of the dried apple filament of the dried product, it was found to be 14.0%, and the molecular weight was determined to be 181,000 by gel permeation chromatography. Therefore, it can be seen that extraction of pectin from apple foil can be successfully achieved by extrusion molding.

Example 2-19

Using the same apple foil raw material and machinery as in Example 1, after preparing a sample while adjusting the temperature, screw speed, water content, and the like, the yield and molecular weight of the pectin was confirmed. As shown in Table 1, it was found that the yield and the molecular weight can be controlled according to the extrusion molding conditions, which means that it is possible to produce a variety of products in accordance with the change in the extrusion conditions.

Table 1

Example 20

The dried apple foil was put into a twin screw extruder with an L / D ratio of 40, and then extruded under the same drying as in Example 1, whereby the yield of pectin was greatly increased to 19.5%, while the molecular weight was reduced to 55,0000. . This was presumably because the residence time of apple foil in the extruder increased with increasing L / D ratio. Therefore, it was found that the yield and the molecular weight can be controlled not only by the reaction conditions but also by the change of the L / D ratio.

Example 21

A dried apple foil was prepared by extruding an 80% water-containing apple foil at a temperature of 350 ° C. and a screw speed of 300 rpm using a biaxial extrusion reactor with an L / D ratio of 40. The yield and molecular weight of the produced pectin Were 14.2% and 118.000, respectively. This result means that even when the water-containing apple foil generated during the apple processing is directly extruded without a drying process, dried apple foil and pectin can be prepared.

Example 22-31

Samples were prepared using the same extruder as in Example 1 using the dried citrus peel, and the yield of pectin was confirmed. As shown in Table 2, in the case of citrus peel, it can be seen that the pectin is efficiently extracted by extrusion molding.

Table 2

Example 32-40

The brown seaweed ( Undaria pinnatifide ), a kind of brown algae, was prepared by adjusting the temperature, screw speed, water content, etc. using the same machinery as in Example 1, and then confirming the production yield of alginic acid according to the following table. 3 is shown.

Table 3

Example 41-49

Using the same machinery as in Example 1 from Chondrus crispus , a type of red algae, samples were prepared while controlling temperature, screw speed, water content, and the like, and the yield of carrageenan was confirmed according to Table 4 below. Shown in

Table 4

As described and demonstrated in detail above, the present invention is a conventional chemical extraction method by acid and alkali by accepting pectin, alginic acid, carrageenan, etc., constituent polysaccharides such as apple peel, citrus peel, seaweed using extrusion molding It provides a method for producing a polysaccharide that can solve many problems having.

Claims (3)

Apple peel, citrus peel or algae is introduced into a twin screw extruder with a length diameter ratio of 20 to 40, and then the screw speed is 150 to 400 rpm, the sample feeding speed is 20 to 50 kg / hr, and the water content is 15 to 40. A technique for producing polysaccharides by extruding while maintaining the percentage. The dried apple foil, undried apple citrus fruit and citrus peel are biaxially extruded, stirred with distilled water, centrifuged to obtain a supernatant, and the precipitate obtained by placing isopropanol in the filtrate filtered supernatant is left. , Pectin prepared by washing with isopropanol and acetone and drying at room temperature. Seaweeds such as wakame and jindubal were extruded with a twin-screw extruder, stirred with distilled water, centrifuged, and the supernatant was taken. Alginate and carrageenan prepared by drying at room temperature.