KR19990052995A - Use of Glufosinate as acaricide and pesticide method using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the toxicity of glufosinate ammonium herbicides widely used in apple orchards against susceptible spotted mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch). Glufosinate ammonium (GA) was effective against larvae, adults and moths but was non-toxic to eggs. The larvae died within 24 hours after treatment due to the direct effect of GA. The toxicity of GA becomes more toxic as the temperature increases in the temperature range of 10 ℃ to 32 ℃. Spotted mites collected from packages resistant to various acaricides were observed to have a very low resistance to GA. No adverse reactions were observed from the larval stages of moths and spotted mites by the treatment of GA. In field trials, spotting on apple trees significantly reduced the density of mite populations after 9 weeks compared to the control, which did not sow when GA was sown. Laboratory and field trials show that GA can be treated with weeds in May and selective acaricides applied to apple trees in July to prevent spotting mites.

Description

Use of Glufosinate as acaricide and pesticide method using the same

The present invention relates to the use of the herbicide glufosinate ammonium which is widely used in apple orchards. More specifically, the present invention provides a method for evaluating the toxicity of a known herbicide, glufosinate ammonium, used in the entire growth stage of T. uritcae through laboratory and field experiments, and using the same to kill the pests. It is about.

Apples are one of the main fruits that are harvested in Korea with an area of almost 52,098 ha in 1994. And thanks to its economic importance, apple production is increasing every year. The most important of the six spider mite pests on apples produced in Korea is the Tetranychus urticae Koch. If the pest is not adequately controlled during the early stages of apple harvest, the larvae and adults of the spider mite eat too much leaves, adversely affecting the quantity and quality of the apple, such as its weight, sugar, hardness and acidity. The remedy for the spotted mite group currently used in Korea is basically dependent on the repeated application of acaricide. The average acaricide used to control this spider mite species in Korea during 1990-94 was about 230,000 (AI) kg / year. Although acaricides have effectively suppressed spider mites, decades of continued use in apple orchards has prevented natural remedies from natural enemies, repelled the spider mite population, and broadened resistance to various forms of acaricides. Appropriate extermination of spider mites is difficult two to three years after the use of 36 acaricides used in apples in field trials. In addition to these problems, it is difficult to cultivate apples due to factors such as high wages, pesticide application costs, safety and environmental impact. As a result of economic considerations, reduced efficiency and a growing interest in the environmental impact of earlier acaricide forms, there is a need to develop new forms of selective or alternative remedies to reduce the use of synthetic pesticides. come.

Therefore, the present invention is based on the above problem, and is susceptible to the use of all stages of susceptible spotted mites, which have excellent herbicide activity against various weeds and are not toxic or minimal against natural enemies such as predatory mite species, grass dragonfly and ladybeetles. The aim is to identify herbicides that are indicated and to evaluate their toxicity. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a new pest control method which is as stable and environmentally friendly as possible as a result obtained from the material.

In order to achieve the above object, the present inventors evaluated glufosinate ammonium, paraquaart dichloride and glyphosate, which are widely used, and three kinds of acaricides in order to avoid unnecessary insecticide application and practical use in orchards. In this context, the effects of temperature on application were investigated.

Hereinafter, the specific configuration and operation of the present invention will be described in detail by way of examples.

Herbicides and acaricides used in the present invention are as follows.

glufosinate ammonium (GA) 18% SL; paraquat dichloride (PD) 24.5%; glyphosate (GP) 41% SL; fenpyroximate (FM) + propargite (PG) 13% (3 + 10) EW; tebufenpyrad (TF) + diafenthiuron (DF) 22.5% (2.5 + 20) WP; And azocyclotin (AT) 25% WP. These pesticides were purchased from Korean agricultural corporations.

Example 1 In-Lab Experiment

Spotted mites collected from seven packages were used as the experimental material of the present invention. In 1993, Dr. Chibaken Chiba University of Japan Pathogenic strains obtained from N. Motoyama were used as standard strains for comparison. These strains were treated with relative humidity (RH) of 40 to 16 (L: D) hours in a nursery (phaseolus vulgaris var. Humilis Alefeld) in stainless trays (33 × 37 × 5 cm) (3 weeks after germination). 60%, incubated at 25 (± 1) ℃. In order to allow the developmental stages to occur at the same time, the adults were placed on the Gangnam bean plants using a fine brush to hatch the eggs, and the adults were removed. Infected plants were maintained at 40-60% RH, 25 (± 1) ° C under photoperiod 16: 8 (L: D) hours. The stages tested consisted of eggs, larvae, adults and moths. Each step number for each leaf was calculated before treatment. The effect of the experimental pesticides at each stage of the spotted mites was determined by spraying single leaves of infected Gangnam beans plants and each treatment was repeated three times. The other leaves were removed from the plants before the experiment. Spraying was applied with a glass spray unit connected to a forced air supply (Pacific Chemicals). Pesticides were tested in the range of 4.740, 2.370, 1.185, and 0.593 mg (AI) per single leaf attached to each plant. Treated plants were grown for 24 hours at 16: 8 (L: D) hours, 40-60% RH, 25 (± 1) ° C. The leaves treated in each experiment were then placed on a single leaf of fresh gangnan plant. Because the tested herbicides wither the leaves. Resistance ratio (RR) was calculated by the formula = a population of LC ₅₀ values of / susceptible strain LC ₅₀ values collected in the field. <10, 10-40, 41-160 and> 160 RR values represent low, normal, high and very high resistance, respectively. The effect of GA on spotted mite moths was investigated at 6 temperatures from 10 to 32 ° C using leaf-mite dipping method. Each treatment was repeated three times. The leaves of the beans grown in the greenhouse (3 weeks after germination) were collected and the disks of 3 cm diameter were cut out from each leaf. Three leaf disks with moths were soaked in the test suspension for 10 seconds. The treated disks were maintained at 40-60% RH for 24 hours at a light temperature of 16: 8 (L: D) hours at each temperature. Each treated disk was placed on fresh leaf disks. For the leaves are withered by the GA. The treated leaf disks were maintained in incubators (VS-1203PL, Vision Scientific, Suwon) maintained at 10, 13, 18, 22, 25 and 32 ° C. Toxicity of experimental pesticides to eggs was based on the number of eggs that did not hatch after 6 days of treatment (DAT). Mortality of the larvae was evaluated based on the following inability to molt. Assessment of adult activity was made with 2DAT. Adult spiders were considered dead if they were not moved when stimulated with a fine brush. Data from all biological analyzes were corrected for mortality using Abbott's formula (1925). LC ₅₀ values and slopes were calculated by probit analysis (1985).

The herbicide properties of spotted mite eggs, larvae, protonymphs and moths were compared with AT (Table 1).

Toxicity of experimental pesticides to susceptible T. urticae pesticide Ratio ^a Mortality (%) (± SE) n Egg n Larva n Protonymph n Adult GA 0.593 400 0d 125 65.8 ± 7.2d 138 52.6 ± 5.2d 89 66.0 ± 3.6de 1.185 400 0d 398 100a 216 97.7 ± 0.5b 151 82.0 ± 0.8cd 2.370 336 0d 207 100a 161 100a 183 94.0 ± 4.3b 4.740 355 0d 242 100a 147 100a 143 100a PD 0.593 321 0d 203 0e 155 0e 108 14.7 ± 2.6f 1.185 359 0d 197 0e 167 0e 94 0g 2.370 400 0d 225 0e 244 0e 147 0g 4.740 400 0d 198 0e 179 0e 183 0g GP 0.593 355 0d 167 0e 161 0e 179 0g 1.185 385 0d 191 0e 179 0e 91 0g 2.370 420 0d 268 0e 191 0e 136 0g 4.740 390 0d 166 0e 206 0e 186 0g AT 0.593 174 17.7 ± 4.6c 234 66.7 ± 4.0c 145 45.7 ± 5.9d 105 49.7 ± 7.0e 1.185 152 30.3 ± 0.2c 179 80.0 ± 3.7b 190 59.0 ± 5.1d 119 78.0 ± 0.8cd 2.370 146 56.0 ± 0.2b 293 92.2 ± 2.2a 166 73.7 ± 3.4c 116 91.0 ± 2.9bc 4.740 332 100a 179 100a 161 100a 134 100a week; a unit, mg (AI) / single leaf attached to plant

As shown in Table 1, a significant difference was found in the toxicity of the experimental pesticides. GA was efficacious at low concentrations against larval stage and moths. Only eggs were inefficient. That was much more effective than AT. The larvae died within 24 hours. In addition, the treatment of GA did not cause repulsion response in both spotted mite moth and larval stages. However, PD and GP were non-toxic at all stages of development of the spotted mites. Unlike GA, AT was effective at all stages of development of this species at a concentration of 4.740 mg (AI). The sensitivity of GA to spotted mites is shown in Table 2.

Toxicity of Glufosinate Ammonium to Mice Moths Susceptible to Infection (Single Leaf, 48 hours, ppm) Population Slope LC ₅₀ (95% CL) x ² DF RR ^a Suwon 1.63 (0.18) 57.26 (45.26-71.79) 0.92 One 2.3 1.87 (0.19) 74.35 (60.61-91.52) 1.08 One 3.0 1.37 (0.17) 103.65 (78.13-134.46) 13.57 One 4.2 Andong 1.71 (0.34) 118.75 (70.07-156.16) 0.04 One 4.8 Gapyeong 2.15 (0.22) 178.24 (146.87-216.85) 0.45 One 7.3 Oksan 2.20 (0.25) 194.21 (164.69-227.44) 3.92 2 7.9 Gimcheon 2.92 (0.36) 258.44 (225.14-294.52) 1.88 One 10.5 S 2.14 (0.20) 24.60 (20.11-28.96) 5.36 One - week; a: resistance ratio, one of the chaesu collected from the packed LC ₅₀ values / LC ₅₀ value of the infections it easy to strain

Although the sensitivity of various acaricides to spotted mites collected on the packaging has been reported, the experimental results of the present invention showed that the RRs ranged from 2.3- to 10.6 times indicating low levels of resistance to this herbicide.

Table 3 shows the toxicity of GA at each irradiation temperature. GA was more toxic at high temperatures and showed a positive temperature coefficient of toxicity for susceptible moths at six temperatures from 10 to 32 ° C. The acaricide activity of GA at 25 and 32 ° C. is 17 and 20 times more toxic than at 10 ° C., respectively.

Temperature-toxicity relationship of GA to susceptible spotted mite moths Temperature Slope (± SE) LC ₅₀ (95% CL) x ² DF TF ^a 10 ℃ 2.56 (± 0.61) 424.08 (248.44-571.18) 0.88 2 1.0 13 ℃ 2.11 (± 0.43) 380.81 (241.30-504.54) 1.83 2 1.1 18 ℃ 2.29 (± 0.41) 82.78 (55.37-106.49) 1.53 One 5.1 22 ℃ 1.62 (± 0.25) 41.43 (29.86-53.95) 0.16 3 10.2 25 ℃ 2.21 (± 0.24) 24.94 (20.48-29.21) 1.34 2 17.0 32 ℃ 2.98 (± 0.37) 21.29 (17.96-24.31) 0.02 One 20.0 week; a toxic component related to 10 ° C

Example 2. Packaging Experiment

GA and acaricide were conducted in an orchard in Hwaseong-gun, Gyeonggi-do. The species was 'Fuji' apple, and the target was 17-year-old apple tree, which can be planted at 6m intervals and 3m intervals. The height of the apple trees ranged from 2.5m to 3m. In all experiments, standard orchard fungicide treatment was maintained during the growth phase. All treatments were foliar sprayed with a single nozzle and applied with an airblast sprayer (JPS-64-A, Chung-Ang, Seoul), calibrated to eject 2,200 liters / ha of liquid. Other pesticides were applied according to the company's instructions for packaging. That is, GA, 540 mg (AI) per liter of water; FM + PG, 87 mg (AI); TF + DF, 224 mg (AI) and AT, 162.5 mg (AI). GA application to weeds began on May 17, 1995, when T. urticae moths appeared in all weed plots, but not in apple leaves. The application of three acaricides to apple leaves was carried out on July 25, 1995. Spotted mite population density was sprayed onto the leaves when the GA treatment plot reached 3 to 4 per leaf. Population densities of spotted mites were measured at intervals of one week after treatment of 30 leaves from each of the five trees per plot around a leaf canopy of 1.5-2.0m height. Separately, FM + PG (174mg [AI] liter ^-1 ), TF + DF (450mg [AI] liter ^-1 ) and AT (325mg [AI] liter ^-1 ) were 17-year-old Fuji on May 12. It was applied to the young leaves of the apple tree and to young fruits on May 29. The presence of leaf stalks and damage in treated trees was analyzed at 5 days intervals for 30 days after application of acaricide and compared with no treatment. The GA effects on the field population density of spotted mites in apple trees when sprayed on the weed on May 17 are shown in Table 4.

Effect of Glufosinate Ammonium on Field Population Density in Spotted Mites Processing ^a Rate ^b Population Density (± SE) July4 11 18 August1 15 GA ^c only 540 0b 21.9 ± 2.9b 43.3 ± 3.0b 424.4 ± 12.3a 581.9 ± 32.0b FM + PG 87 0b 19.1 ± 1.2b 64.1 ± 2.7b 9.6 ± 2.3c 0c TF + DF 225 0b 18.2 ± 2.2b 66.5 ± 4.1b 92.6 ± 7.2b 4.3 ± 1.2c AT 162.5 0b 25.3 ± 2.4b 76.0 ± 2.6b 81.6 ± 5.2b 2.7 ± 0.3c Control 111.3 ± 8.5a 222.1 ± 6.1a 393.1 ± 19.2a 454.6 ± 7.1a 662.8 ± 9.2a Note: a. GA application to weeds and acaricide treatments on apple leaves were carried out on May 17 and July 25, respectively. unit, mg (AI) / L

Significant differences in population density between the GA treatments and the control plots were observed for each period examined. The mean population density of GA treatments showed no significant difference until 9 weeks post treatment (July 18). Spotted mites were not observed in plots treated with GA during the first 7 weeks, but control plots were prevalent in this tick species. Compared to the control plots, GA treatment significantly reduced population densities from 8 weeks (July 11) and 9 weeks (July 18) to 88.6-91.8% and 80.7-8.0% after treatment, respectively. On July 23, the tick population density of the GA treated plots increased (3-4 per leaf). Thus, foliar spraying of experimental acaricides was performed on 25 July. By 1 week after acaricide treatment (11 weeks after GA treatment), the population density of FT + PG, TF + DF, and AT decreased by 97.9%, 79.6%, and 82.1%, respectively, while the difference in density between GA and control plots. Was not. Differences were also detected during treatment up to two weeks after acaricide treatment (13 weeks after GA treatment) (P = 0.05). No signs of phytotoxicity were observed in 17-year-old Fuji apples exposed to the application of FM + PG, TF + DF and AT.

As described through the above experiments and examples, the present invention has the effect of providing the toxicity of the spotted herbicide glufosinate ammonium on the mite. Furthermore, the use of GA in the toxicity of herbicides widely used in apple fields against spotted mites through the present invention has the effect of significantly reducing the density of spotted mites. Therefore, the present invention is not only important for the control of herbicides and weeds in spotted apples because they are not toxic or only slightly toxic to herbicide activity against various weeds and natural enemies such as predatory mite species, grass dragonfly and ladybeetles. It is possible to reduce the spraying labor cost and the herbicide spraying cost and to reduce the environmental pollution, which is a very useful invention for the pesticide and orchard gardening industry.

Claims (2)

The spotting method reduces the density of the mites, wherein glufosinate ammonium (GA) is treated in May and acaricide is respectively treated in July. Use of glufosinate ammonium which is active against various weeds and is not toxic to natural enemies such as predatory mite species, grass dragonfly and ladybeetles.