KR19990044484A - Battery charging circuit and charging method using asymmetric current - Google Patents

Abstract

An improved charging circuit arrangement for charging "rechargeable" and "non-rechargeable" batteries from an AC power source using a capacitor (3) (5) and two diodes (6) (7).

The anode of the first diode 6 is connected to the first output terminal 10 and the first input terminal 1; The cathode of the first diode is connected to the anode of the second diode 7 and the cathode of the second diode is connected to the second output terminal 11.

Capacitors are connected to the second input terminal 2. One capacitor 3 is also connected to the cathode of the first diode 6 and the anode of the second diode 7.

The second capacitor 5 is also connected to the second output terminal 11. In addition, the current limiting circuit 37 is connected to the charging circuit to prevent overcharging of the battery.

Representation

2

Description

Battery charging circuit, charging method and charging waveform using asymmetric current

Battery chargers typically use large, expensive, and heavy transformers to reduce the AC line voltage to a value suitable for the battery voltage. Such known chargers can only recharge so-called "rechargeable" batteries such as lead-acid batteries. Also known so-called transformerless battery chargers are well known in the art. In general, these chargers use diode bridge circuits that require at least four diodes, and their use is limited to charging (or recharging) rechargeable batteries.

Throughout this specification, the term "sulfur removal" means cleaning of the battery terminal.

The invention minimizes the cost and size of the device by including a circuit capable of charging a dry or non-rechargeable dry galvanic cell using a transformer-free, minimal-element circuit. In addition, the charging current is not affected by the number of batteries to be charged and is determined by the storage capacity of the circuit.

Disclosure of related technology

We know the following United States patents relating to transformerless battery chargers.

US Patent Number Patent work Inventer Name

3,013,198 12-12-1961 Cell unit for insertion into wit flashlight

3,176,212 03-30-1965 De Puy DC Power Supply

3,382,425 05-07-1968 Legacy Battery Charger

3,708,738 01-02-1973 Crawford Battery Charging and Discharge

3,867,682 02-18-1975 Battery charger with means for preventing overcharge of Yamaguchi battery

3,876,921 04-08-1975 BIG recoverable integrated energy system and method

3,970,912 07-20-1976 Hoffman Battery Charging Circuit

3,987,354 10-19-1976 Masson's Regulate Circuit

4,146,825 03-27-1979 Haihai Electric Battery Power Vehicle

4,321,523 02-23-1982 Hammel Battery Charger and Power Supply Circuit

4,389,608 06-21-1983 Battery Charger Controlled by Multi-Day Transformerable Battery

4,472,672 09-18-1984 Pacholock High Power Factor Switching Battery Charger

4,621,225 11-04-1986 Burke Passive Transformerable SB Battery Pickup Unit

Some of the above mentioned patents have features of the present invention, but all are lacking in some respects.

Many of the above patents require many circuits and have operational limitations, and none of them are designed to operate non-rechargeable batteries. Of the above, the patents of Wit, Burke, and Marson are the most relevant.

Wit's patent shows a rechargeable cell in which line voltage is applied to a voltage divider via a discharge resistor. By using a dry rectifier to provide resistance, the charge rectifier is protected against high voltage peaks occurring at varying voltages.

Burke's patent also shows a flashlight battery charging circuit. However, in Burke's patent, the line voltage is supplied through the coupling capacitor and then full-wave rectified. The storage capacitor is charged to a relatively high voltage for half a cycle of the AC supply voltage. During the other half cycle, the storage capacitors discharge through the LEDs and the resistors to supply the battery with a limited current at a relatively high voltage.

Masson's patent shows a regulating circuit that can be used for charging, where the current is regulated independent of the load.

The present invention relates to a device for desulfurization, charging, and sulphation prevention of a battery, and more particularly, a galvanic battery, an alkaline battery, a lithium battery, a mercury oxide battery, and a silver oxide battery. Battery charger device that can repeatedly charge a battery containing zinc-carbon battery, zinc chloride battery, nickel-cadmium battery, and a battery containing lead-acid battery by an asymmetrical current from an alternating current power source. It is about.

The foregoing and other objects will become more apparent by reference to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings. here;

1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a battery charging circuit constructed according to the features of the present invention and implementing the features of the present invention.

2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a battery charging circuit including an additional circuit provided to prevent overcharging of the battery.

3 is a schematic waveform diagram according to the present invention showing the effect of the charging circuit on the battery being charged.

Summary of the Invention

The present invention is directed to an improved battery charging circuit that avoids the drawbacks of conventional charging circuits and provides additional structural and operational advantages.

The charging circuit for charging a battery that is rechargeable or non-rechargeable from an AC power source uses capacitors and two diodes. The anode of the first diode is connected to the first output terminal and the first input terminal; The cathode of the first diode is connected to the anode of the second diode whose cathode is connected to the second output terminal. Capacitors are connected to the second input terminal. One capacitor is also connected to the cathode of the first diode and hence the anode of the second diode. The second capacitor is also connected to the second output terminal.

The charging circuit is capable of delivering a unique asymmetric waveform suitable for delivering negative ions to discharged alkaline type batteries, thus making up a division network that can recover the battery to its specified voltage and charge capacity level without thermal depletion.

Purpose of the Invention

It is a primary object of the present invention to provide an improved apparatus for sulfur removal, charging and antisulfation of batteries.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for charging a dry galvanic cell by an asymmetrical current from an alternating current.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a device for charging a large number of cells in which the storage capacitor of the device affects the value of the charging current and the charging time does not affect the value of the charging current.

It is another object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for controlling the current in a cell that is charged when the cells are fully recharged to prevent overcharging.

Referring to FIG. 1, the circuit of the present invention is connected to an input terminal 1 (2) connected to an AC power source (120v, 60Hz or 220v, 50Hz) and a terminal 12 through 24 which is connected to a cell to be recharged. And an output terminal 10 (11). The input terminal 1 is connected to the anode of the diode 6 and the negative output terminal 10, respectively. The cathode of the diode 6 is connected to the anode of the diode 7 and the capacitor 3, the other end of which is connected to the input terminal 2, respectively.

The input terminal 2 is also connected to the capacitor 5. The other terminal of the capacitor 5 is connected to the output terminal 11 and the cathode of the LED 8, respectively. The anode of the LED 8 is connected to the cathode of the diode 7. The LED 8 is connected in parallel with the resistor 9 and the capacitor 4. It is to be understood that the purpose of the capacitor 4 and the resistor 9 is to limit the current through the LED 8 and if the incandescent lamp is used as an indicator the capacitor 4 and the resistor 9 are not installed. .

Such a circuit works as follows. The voltage of the AC line is applied to the terminals 1 and 2. In the phase where "+" is applied to the anode of the diode 6 and "-" is applied to the capacitor 3, the capacitor 3 starts to charge. This continues until the capacitor 3 reaches the amplitude value of the power supply line voltage after the diode 6 is blocked.

The voltage on either side of the capacitor 3 is positive when compared to the other and "zero" when compared to the line power supply and the capacitor 3. During this half cycle, the line current is fed to the input terminal (1), output terminal (10), terminal (12) through "24", battery, output terminal (11), capacitor (5), and finally input terminal (2). Flow into the circuit.

From the second half of this half period, the voltage in the circuit of the line power supply and the capacitor 3 gradually increases with the battery voltage. When the voltage of this circuit is equal to the voltage of the battery, the diode 7 is opened, and the capacitor 3 starts to discharge to the battery via the circuit diode 7, the resistor 9, the battery and the line power supply. .

When the line voltage changes in polarity, the charging current continues to flow until the capacitor 3 is charged to the opposite polarity because the voltages of the line power supply and the capacitor 3 are equal to the voltage of the battery. When the diode 7 is opened, the potential of the capacitor 3, 5 is equalized by the current flowing through the capacitor 3, the diode 7, the resistor 9 and the capacitor 5 of the circuit. When the charging current is completed, the device structure changes again. The capacitor 3 is charged again with the amplitude value of the line voltage, and the above procedure is repeated periodically according to the line voltage frequency.

If the voltage of the battery is greater than the amplitude value of the power supply voltage, the above procedure is repeated but the capacitor 3 is not recharged. Instead, the capacitor 3 is further charged by the power supply and discharged into the battery.

Thus, the capacitance resistance of the capacitor 3 limits the battery charging current. During charging, the capacitor 3 is continuously and correspondingly connected to the line power supply, thus becoming an additional voltage power supply. The battery is charged and doubles the amplitude of the line supply voltage.

The actual amount the battery will be charged depends on the quality of the battery, more specifically the sealability of the cell. In general, dry galvanic cells can recover more than 80% of their capacitance by use of the disclosed circuitry.

A preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. The circuit shown is identical to the circuit of FIG. 1 except for a few additional elements. The same identification numbers used in the two figures refer to the same parts.

The capacitor 26 and the resistor 27 are connected in parallel with the capacitor 3. The resistor 36 is connected in series with the LED 8 to limit the current through the LED 8. The control circuit 37 is connected to the charging circuit to prevent overcharging of the cell connected between the output terminals 10, 11.

The control circuit 37 comprises a diode 28 whose anode is connected to the cathode of the diode 6 and the anode of the diode 7. The gate of the SCR 30 is connected to the anode of the zener diode 32 and one terminal of the resistor 31. The cathode of the SCR 30 is connected to the output terminal 10. The cathode of the zener diode 32 is connected to the wiper of the potentiometer 33. One terminal of the potentiometer 33 is connected in series to the resistor 35 and the other terminal is connected to the resistor 34. The other terminal of the resistor 34 is connected to the output terminal 11, and the second terminal of the resistor 35 is connected to the output terminal 10.

Next, the operation of this circuit will be described. The potentiometer is adjusted by the user of the charger and set to a level corresponding to the number and type of battery cells placed in the charger between the output terminals 10, 11. If the cells are sufficiently recharged by the action of the circuit described above and the terminal 2 is positive with respect to the terminal 1, the diode 7 and the diode 28 are on and the diode 6 is off.

The increased voltage between the terminals 10 and 11 due to sufficient recharging of the battery generates a breakdown voltage at the zener diode 32. Due to the high resistance of the recharged cell between the terminals 10, 11, current is converted in the cell and flows to the resistor 34. The reverse current flows through the zener diode 32 to the gate of the SCR 30. Thus, the SCR 30 is activated so that current flows from the anode of the SCR to the cathode.

This draws the current out of the charging circuit, thus bypassing the cell and avoiding overcharging.

When terminal 1 is positive with respect to terminal 2, diodes 28 and 7 are all off and diode 6 is on. Current flows through the circuit of diode 6, capacitor 5, series resistors 34, 33, 35.

As shown in FIG. 3, the charging circuit delivers a unique asymmetric waveform capable of transferring negative ions to the discharged alkaline type battery, thereby restoring the battery to a specified voltage and charge capacity level without thermal depletion.

The voltage feedback network across the alkaline battery is also active when the battery is fully charged and maintains a constant charging current due to avalanche current reduction to the bottom. This safety factor prevents battery damage from overcharging.

When polarization occurs, that is, when the positive terminal AO of alkaline batteries is surrounded by a depletion layer of hydrogen oxide from potassium hydroxide (KOH), the path of free electrons to the external electronic circuit forms an impedance. During polarization, the internal resistance of alkaline batteries is increased, and their electromotive force is reduced. At maximum internal resistance, the battery is said to be discharged and is considered unnecessary.

The unusual asymmetric waveform of the battery charger disrupts the polarization of the anode and thus displaced OH (-1) ions chemically recombine with potassium to rebuild the original electrolyte, thus reducing the internal resistance of the battery and fully recharging the battery. Restore to one state. The charger of the present invention comprises two components; That is, an AC current vector that bends upward on a horizontal DC current carrier and a horizontal DC current is generated. The alternating current vector is a charge vector and never changes in magnitude or direction. However, the horizontal DC current carrier rises to the original DC current voltage of the alkaline battery under the influence of the AC current charge vector.

Originally, the charger converts an AC current into a pulsating DC current (AC component) which is placed on the rising DC current and bends upward. This combination can charge and recharge alkaline batteries (and other types of batteries).

The charger generates an unusual waveform as a direct result of the superposition of alternating current and direct current, which is dependent on the charger and rises from the initial level to the first peak as shown in FIG. After ascending to the second peak which is smaller than the peak, it is again lowered to the initial level, which is maintained at a constant interval and then rises to the same level as the first peak, and the above waveform is repeated until the battery is charged. Since the same waveform can be obtained from other charging components, the present invention includes any component that obtains such a waveform.

Another embodiment

The circuit described above is capable of altering capacities including rechargeable or non-rechargeable galvanic batteries, alkaline batteries, lithium batteries, mercury oxide batteries, silver oxide batteries, zinc-carbon batteries, zinc chloride batteries, and nickel-cadmium batteries. The state may be modified to handle a variety of batteries and wet batteries, including lead-acid batteries.

Since the charging current does not depend on the load value, i.e., the number and type of cells charged at the same time, but the capacitance of the capacitor 3, a single optical indicator could replace the photodiode. Improvements can also be made to the circuit to increase the functionality or safety of the device. For example, a switch can be added to isolate the line voltage when the user is loading the device into batteries. The unit can be manufactured as in the case of batteries so as not to require a charging stand.

In addition, due to the limited circuit design, charging devices and batteries can be configured directly in the installation in which they are used.

As can be seen above, the inventors have invented an improved method and apparatus for sulfur removal and charging of rechargeable and non-rechargeable batteries and wet batteries, more economically than previously possible. This is obvious.

The foregoing description and embodiments are merely illustrative of the best mode of the invention and its principles, and various modifications and additions may be made by those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It should be understood that they can be done to the device without, and therefore such things belong to the appended claims.

Claims (12)

A circuit for charging a battery with an asymmetrical current from an AC supply voltage; A first input terminal and a second input terminal having connector means for connecting to an AC supply voltage; A first output terminal and a second output terminal having connector means for connecting to the battery; A first diode having an anode and a cathode, the anode being connected to a first output terminal and a first input terminal; A second diode having an anode and a cathode, the cathode being connected to the second output terminal; A first capacitor having two terminals, one of the two terminals being connected to the second input terminal, and the other terminal being connected to the cathode of the first diode and the anode of the second diode; A second capacitor having two terminals, one of which is connected to a second input terminal, and the other of which is connected to a second output terminal; Means for limiting current flow to the battery connected to the output terminals after the batteries have been charged to a predetermined level; A third diode having an anode and a cathode; The first resistor with two terminals; A silicon controlled rectifier having an anode, a cathode and a gate; A second resistor with two terminals; A zener diode having an anode and a cathode; A third resistor with two terminals; A fourth resistor with two terminals; A potentiometer having three terminals, wherein any one of the three terminals is adjustable to change the resistance of the potentiometer; An anode of the third diode coupled to the cathode of the first diode; One terminal of the first resistor connected to the cathode of the third diode and the other terminal of the first resistor connected to the anode of the silicon controlled rectifier; A gate of the silicon controlled rectifier connected to the anode of the zener diode and one terminal of the second resistor; A cathode of a silicon controlled rectifier connected to the second terminal of the second resistor and the first output terminal; A cathode of the zener diode connected to the adjustable terminal of the potentiometer; One terminal of a third resistor connected to the second output terminal; The third other terminal connected to one terminal of the potentiometer; One terminal of a fourth resistor connected to the second terminal of the potentiometer and the other terminal of the fourth resistor connected to the first output terminal; The means for limiting the current flow to the battery Charging circuit using asymmetric current, characterized in that it comprises a. The charging circuit as claimed in claim 1, further comprising display means for responding to a charging current to indicate that the circuit is in operation. The charging circuit as claimed in claim 1, further comprising switching means for isolating an AC supply voltage in the absence of a battery to be charged. The charging circuit of claim 1, wherein the batteries to be charged are battery batteries. The battery of claim 4, wherein the batteries to be charged are galvanic batteries, alkaline batteries, lithium batteries, mercury oxide batteries, silver oxide batteries, zinc-carbon batteries, zinc chloride batteries, and nickel- rechargeable or non-rechargeable batteries. Charging circuit using asymmetric current, characterized in that selected from the cadmium battery. The charging circuit using an asymmetric current according to claim 1, wherein the batteries to be charged are wet battery batteries. The charging circuit of claim 1, further comprising a fifth capacitor and a third capacitor branched through the first capacitor. 3. The charging circuit as claimed in claim 2, wherein the display means is an LED having a cathode connected to the second output terminal and an anode connected to the cathode of the second diode. 9. The charging circuit of claim 8, further comprising a sixth resistor coupled between the cathode of the second diode and the anode of the LED. 10. The seventh resistor of claim 9, each having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein each first terminal is connected to the cathode of the first diode and each second terminal is connected to the second output terminal. And a fourth capacitor, wherein the charging circuit using the asymmetric current, characterized in that it further comprises. Ascending to the first peak at the initial level, descending a short distance, ascending to the second peak less than the first peak, and descending back to the initial level, this initial level remains constant, and again the first level Generating an alternating current having a repetitive waveform that repeats rising to; And charging the battery by supplying such an alternating current through the battery terminal for a sufficient time. Ascending to the first peak at the initial level, descending a short distance, ascending to the second peak less than the first peak, and descending back to the initial level, this initial level remains constant, and again the first level Battery charge waveform, characterized in that to repeat the same as rising.