KR19990040660A - Volatile Organic Compound Removal Apparatus and Removal Method Using Adsorption and Plasma - Google Patents
Volatile Organic Compound Removal Apparatus and Removal Method Using Adsorption and Plasma Download PDFInfo
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- KR19990040660A KR19990040660A KR1019970061120A KR19970061120A KR19990040660A KR 19990040660 A KR19990040660 A KR 19990040660A KR 1019970061120 A KR1019970061120 A KR 1019970061120A KR 19970061120 A KR19970061120 A KR 19970061120A KR 19990040660 A KR19990040660 A KR 19990040660A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
- B01D53/047—Pressure swing adsorption
- B01D53/0476—Vacuum pressure swing adsorption
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/46—Generating plasma using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
- H05H1/4645—Radiofrequency discharges
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/102—Carbon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
- B01D2257/708—Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/80—Employing electric, magnetic, electromagnetic or wave energy, or particle radiation
- B01D2259/818—Employing electrical discharges or the generation of a plasma
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
Abstract
1. 청구 범위에 기재된 발명이 속한 기술분야1. TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
흡착과 플라즈마를 이용한 휘발성 유기화합물 제거장치 및 제거방법.Removal apparatus and method for removing volatile organic compounds using adsorption and plasma.
2. 발명이 해결하려고 하는 기술적 과제2. The technical problem to be solved by the invention
흡착을 이용하여 대기중으로 방출되는 저농도의 휘발성 유기화합물을 회수/농축하여 농축된 휘발성 유기화합물을 플라즈마 반응기를 통해 고체상의 고분자 형태로 처리하거나, 보다 분자량이 작으면서 무해한 형태로 처리하고자 함.By using adsorption, low concentration of volatile organic compounds released to the atmosphere is recovered / concentrated to treat the concentrated volatile organic compounds in the form of solid polymers through plasma reactors, or in the form of smaller molecular weight and harmless form.
3. 발명의 해결방법의 요지3. Summary of Solution to Invention
활성탄이 충진된 다수개의 흡착탑을 구비한 휘발성 유기화합물 제거장치에 있어서, 상기 흡착탑내에 흡착된 휘발성 유기화합물을 상기 흡착탑으로부터 탈착시켜 배출시키기 위한 진공펌프; 및 상기 진공펌프와 상기 흡착탑 사이에 연결되며, 상기 진공펌프에 의해 상기 흡착탑으로부터 배출된 휘발성 유기화합물을 저압에서 플라즈마 중합에 의해 반응시켜 고체상의 고분자 형태 또는 이보다 분자량이 작은 무해 물질로 변환시키는 휘발성 유기화합물 제거수단을 구비한다.A volatile organic compound removal device having a plurality of adsorption towers filled with activated carbon, comprising: a vacuum pump for desorbing and discharging volatile organic compounds adsorbed in the adsorption tower from the adsorption tower; And a volatile organic compound connected between the vacuum pump and the adsorption tower and converting the volatile organic compound discharged from the adsorption tower by the vacuum pump at low pressure into a solid polymer form or a lesser molecular weight harmless substance. Compound removal means is provided.
4. 발명의 중요한 용도4. Important uses of the invention
휘발성 유기화합물 제거장치로 이용됨.Used as a device for removing volatile organic compounds.
Description
본 발명은 흡착과 플라즈마(plasma)를 이용한 휘발성 유기화합물 제거장치 및 제거방법에 관한 것으로, 특히 흡착을 이용하여 대기중으로 방출되는 휘발성 유기화합물을 회수/농축하여 농축된 휘발성 유기화합물을 플라즈마 반응기를 이용하여 고체상의 고분자 형태로 바꾸어 주거나 보다 분자량이 작으면서 무해한 형태로 바꾸어 주는 흡착과 플라즈마를 이용한 휘발성 유기화합물 제거장치 및 제거방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for removing volatile organic compounds using adsorption and plasma, and in particular, to recover and concentrate volatile organic compounds released into the atmosphere by using adsorption. The present invention relates to a device for removing volatile organic compounds and a method for removing volatile organic compounds using plasma and the like, which are converted into a solid polymer form or converted into a harmless form with a smaller molecular weight.
휘발성 유기화합물(VOC: Volatile Organic Compounds)은 대기 중에서 태양 빛을 받아 광화학 반응을 일으켜 스모그의 원인이 되는 오존 및 PAN과 같은 광화학 산화성 물질을 만들어 낸다.Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) receive sunlight in the atmosphere and cause photochemical reactions to produce photochemical oxidizing substances, such as ozone and PAN, which cause smog.
이와 같은 광화학 산화성 물질은 자동차에서 배출되는 연소배기 가스중의 산화항(SOX), 산화질소(NOX)와 함께 최근의 심각한 대기오염의 주요인이 되고 있다.Such photochemical oxidizing materials, together with the oxidation ports (SO X ) and nitrogen oxides (NO X ) in the combustion exhaust gas emitted from automobiles, have become the main cause of the recent serious air pollution.
휘발성 유기화합물들은 종류 및 대기중 반응의 형태에 따라 대류권 오존오염, 성층권 오존층 파괴 및 지구 온난화 등을 유발하며, 인체나 동식물이 휘발성 유기화합물에 노출된 경우 단기적으로는 호흡기 질환, 신경장애 등을 일으키고, 장기적으로는 발암, 유전자 변이 등을 일으킬 수 있다고 보고 되어 있다.Volatile organic compounds cause tropospheric ozone pollution, stratospheric ozone depletion and global warming depending on the type and type of reaction in the atmosphere.In the short term, when humans and animals are exposed to volatile organic compounds, respiratory diseases and neurological disorders occur. In the long term, it has been reported to cause carcinogenesis and genetic mutations.
이렇듯 그 자체로도 건강에 매우 유해한 휘발성 유기화합물은 그 종류가 매우 많으나, 벤젠 및 페놀 등의 방향족(Aromatic)/Alkane/Alkene게 탄화수소(Hydrocarbon)와 염소와 같은 할로겐, 질소, 산소 등을 포함한 비균질 탄화수소(Heterogeneous Hydrocarbon) 등으로 나눌 수 있다. 주요한 휘발성 유기화합물 배출원으로는 도료, 도장 및 플라스틱 관련 공장, 화학공장, 정유공장, 저유소 및 세탁소 등을 들 수 있다. 휘발성 유기화합물의 배출량은 산업의 발달로 인해 매년 늘고 있어 그에 따른 환경오염도 더욱 가중되고 있다.As such, there are many kinds of volatile organic compounds that are very harmful to health, but they are heterogeneous, including aromatic, alkaline and alkene such as benzene and phenol, hydrocarbons and halogens such as chlorine, nitrogen and oxygen. Heterogeneous hydrocarbons and the like can be divided. Major sources of volatile organic compounds include paint, paint and plastics plants, chemical plants, oil refineries, reservoirs and laundries. Emissions of volatile organic compounds are increasing every year due to the development of the industry, which is increasing the environmental pollution.
이러한 휘발성 유기화합물을 처리하기 위해 일반적으로 가열 소각, 촉매 연소, 응축, 흡착, 흡수, 막 등의 기술들이 사용되었으나, 최근에는 자외선, 플라즈마, 코로나(Corona) 또는 생물학적 여과(Biofiltration) 방식을 이용하는 기술들이 개발되고 있다. 이 중 저온 플라즈마를 이용한 기술은 설치비용이 적고, 에너지 소모가 적은 기술로서, 반응기내에서 전기방전을 이용하여 높은 에너지를 갖는 자유 래디칼, 전자, 이온 등을 생성하여 휘발성 유기화합물의 산화 또는 분해를 촉진시키는 매우 효과적인 방법으로 평가되고 있다. 그러나, 이 방법은 대규모 장치에 적용에는데 한계가 있는 문제점이 있다.Heat incineration, catalytic combustion, condensation, adsorption, absorption, membranes, etc. have been generally used to treat these volatile organic compounds, but recently, techniques using ultraviolet, plasma, corona, or biological filtration methods. Are being developed. Among them, low-temperature plasma technology has low installation cost and low energy consumption. By using electric discharge in the reactor, free radicals, electrons and ions having high energy are generated to oxidize or decompose volatile organic compounds. It is evaluated as a very effective way to promote it. However, this method has a problem in that it is limited in application to large scale devices.
휘발성 유기물질을 처리하는데 가장 큰 이려움은 처리 과정에서 이들의 농도가 국제소방안전법의 규제등으로 인해 저농도를 갖는다는 점이다. 즉, 휘발성 유기화합물을 함유한채 배출되는 배기가스의 대부분이 공기이므로, 휘발성 유기화합물을 처리하는 공정은 근본적으로 많은 에너지를 소비할 수 밖에 없다.The greatest concern with treating volatile organics is that their concentrations are low during processing, due to the regulation of international fire safety laws. That is, since most of the exhaust gas exhausted while containing volatile organic compounds is air, the process of treating volatile organic compounds inevitably consumes a lot of energy.
이러한 문제점을 해결하면서 휘발성 유기화합물을 농축시킬 수 있는 공정의 개발이 요구되고 있는데, 흡착 방법은 흡착제를 충진시킨 두 개 이상의 흡착탑을 이용하여 흡착과 탈착을 주기적으로 반복하여 휘발성 유기화합물을 제거하는 기술로 휘발성 유기화합물을 처리하는데 가장 적합한 기술로 알려지고 있다.In order to solve these problems, development of a process for concentrating volatile organic compounds is required. The adsorption method is a technique for removing volatile organic compounds by periodically repeating adsorption and desorption using two or more adsorption towers filled with an adsorbent. It is known to be the most suitable technique for treating volatile organic compounds.
따라서, 본 발명은 이러한 흡착을 이용하여 대기중으로 방출되는 저농도의 휘발성 유기화합물을 회수/농축하여 농축된 휘발성 유기화합물을 플라즈마 반응기를 이용하여 고체상의 고분자 형태로 바꾸어 주거나, 보다 분자량이 작으면서 무해한 형태로 바꾸어 주는 흡착과 플라즈마를 이용한 휘발성 유기화합물 제거장치 및 제거방법을 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다.Accordingly, the present invention recovers / concentrates low concentrations of volatile organic compounds released into the air by using such adsorption, and converts the concentrated volatile organic compounds into solid polymer form using a plasma reactor, or has a lower molecular weight and a harmless form. The purpose of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for removing volatile organic compounds using adsorption and plasma.
도1a는 흡착과정을 설명하는 도면.1A is a diagram illustrating an adsorption process.
도1b는 본 발명에 따른 휘발성 유기화합물 제거장치의 블럭 구성도.Figure 1b is a block diagram of a volatile organic compound removal device according to the present invention.
* 도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings
1 : 흡착탑2 : 반응기1: adsorption column 2: reactor
3 : 진공펌프3: vacuum pump
상기 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명의 휘발성 유기화합물 제거장치는 활성탄이 충진된 다수개의 흡착탑을 구비한 휘발성 유기화합물 제거장치에 있어서, 상기 흡착탑내에 흡착된 휘발성 유기화합물을 상기 흡착탑으로부터 탈착시켜 배출시키기 위한 진공펌프; 및 상기 진공펌프와 상기 흡착탑 사이에 연결되며, 상기 진공펌프에 의해 상기 흡착탑으로부터 배출된 휘발성 유기화합물을 저압에서 플라즈마 중합에 의해 반응시켜 고체상의 고분자 형태 또는 이보다 분자량이 작은 무해 물질로 변환시키는 휘발성 유기화합물 제거수단을 구비한 것을 특징으로 한다.The volatile organic compound removal device of the present invention for achieving the above object is a volatile organic compound removal device having a plurality of adsorption towers filled with activated carbon, for desorbing the volatile organic compounds adsorbed in the adsorption tower from the adsorption tower Vacuum pump; And a volatile organic compound connected between the vacuum pump and the adsorption tower and converting the volatile organic compound discharged from the adsorption tower by the vacuum pump at low pressure into a solid polymer form or a lesser molecular weight harmless substance. Characterized in that the compound removal means.
또한, 본 발명의 휘발성 유기화합물 제거방법은 휘발성 유기화합물이 포함된 기체를 상기 흡착탑내로 통과시켜 흡착된 휘발성 유기화합물을 진공 흡인력을 이용해 상기 흡착탑으로부터 탈착시키는 단계; 및 상기 흡착탑으로부터 탈착된 휘발성 유기화합물을 플라즈마 반응을 통해 고체상의 고분자 형태 또는 이보다 분자량이 작고 무해한 형태로 변환시키는 단계를 포함하여 이루어진 것을 특징으로 한다.In addition, the method of removing volatile organic compounds of the present invention comprises the steps of passing a gas containing volatile organic compounds into the adsorption column to desorb the adsorbed volatile organic compounds from the adsorption tower by using a vacuum suction force; And converting the volatile organic compound desorbed from the adsorption column into a solid polymer form or a smaller molecular weight and harmless form through a plasma reaction.
이하, 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 본 발명의 실시예를 상세히 설명하기로 한다.Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
도1a는 흡착과정을 설명하기 위한 도면으로서, 도면에 도시된 바와 같이 흡착탑(1)내에는 활성탄(Activated Carbon)이 충진되어 있다. 이러한 흡착탑(1)에 휘발성 유기화합물(VOC)이 함유된 기체(공기)를 통과시키면 선택적으로 기체 내에 함유된 저농도의 휘발성 유기화합물(VOC)은 활성탄에 흡착된다.FIG. 1A is a view for explaining an adsorption process, and as shown in the drawing, activated carbon is filled in the adsorption tower 1. When the gas (air) containing the volatile organic compound (VOC) is passed through the adsorption tower 1, the low concentration of the volatile organic compound (VOC) contained in the gas is adsorbed on the activated carbon.
일반적으로 흡착탑을 이용한 휘발성 유기화합물 처리방법은 전술한 바와 같이 적어도 두 개 이상의 흡착탑을 구비하며, 하나의 흡착탑에서는 휘발성 유기 화합물의 흡착과정이 이루어지고, 이와 동시에 다른 흡착탑에서는 이전에 흡착된 휘발성 유기화합물을 제거하는 탈착과정을 수행한다.In general, a method of treating volatile organic compounds using an adsorption tower includes at least two adsorption towers as described above, in which one adsorption tower is used for adsorption of volatile organic compounds, and at the same time, other adsorption towers previously adsorbed volatile organic compounds. Perform the desorption process to remove the.
도1b는 본 발명에 따른 흡착된 휘발성 유기화합물을 제거하는 장치의 블럭 구성도로서, 도면에서 1은 흡착탑, 2는 반응기, 3은 진공펌프를 각각 나타낸다.FIG. 1B is a block diagram of an apparatus for removing adsorbed volatile organic compounds according to the present invention, in which 1 represents an adsorption tower, 2 represents a reactor, and 3 represents a vacuum pump.
전술한 바와 같은 과정을 통해 흡착된 휘발성 유기화합물(VOC)의 처리 과정을 살펴보면, 흡착탑(1)내에 흡착된 휘발성 유기화합물은 진공펌프(3)에 의해 흡착탑(1)으로부터 탈착된다. 즉, 이 과정을 통해 흡착탑(1)은 재생된다.Looking at the processing of the volatile organic compounds (VOC) adsorbed through the process as described above, the volatile organic compounds adsorbed in the adsorption tower (1) is desorbed from the adsorption tower (1) by the vacuum pump (3). That is, the adsorption tower 1 is regenerated through this process.
이렇게 진공펌프(3)에 의해 흡착탑(1)으로부터 배출된 휘발성 유기화합물은 휘발성 유기화합물 제거부인 반응기(2)를 통과하게 된다.Thus, the volatile organic compound discharged from the adsorption tower 1 by the vacuum pump 3 passes through the reactor 2 which is a volatile organic compound removal unit.
본 발명에서 반응기(2)는 무선 주파수(Radio Frequency)의 방전을 이용한 플라즈마 반응기로서, 진공펌프(3)에 의해 배출된 휘발성 유기물질은 이 플라즈마 반응기(2)를 통과하면서 저압에서 플라즈마 중합(Polymerization) 과정에 의해 고체상의 고분자 형태로 변환되거나, 보다 분자량이 작고 무해한 형태로 변환되어 진공펌프(3)를 통해 외부로 배출된다.In the present invention, the reactor (2) is a plasma reactor using a radio frequency discharge (Radio Frequency), the volatile organic material discharged by the vacuum pump (3) is passed through the plasma reactor (2) plasma polymerization (Polymerization) at low pressure By the process of the solid state is converted into a polymer form, or the molecular weight is converted into a less harmless form is discharged to the outside through the vacuum pump (3).
상기와 같이 이루어지는 본 발명은 다음과 같은 효과를 갖는다.The present invention made as described above has the following effects.
첬재, 본 발명은 흡착을 이용하여 휘발성 유기물질의 회수가 가능하여 유기용제 등과 같은 것으로 회수된 휘발성 유기물질을 재활용 할 수 있다.In the present invention, it is possible to recover the volatile organic materials by using the adsorption to recycle the recovered volatile organic materials such as organic solvents.
둘째, 본 발명은 진공진동(Vacuum Swing) 흡착을 이용하여 온도를 높일 필요가 없어, 고온 기체나 고온 증기(Steam)를 이용하여 휘발성 유기물질을 탈착시키는 방법을 사용할 때 발생될 수 있는 화재 등의 안전 문제를 해결할 수 있다.Second, the present invention does not need to increase the temperature by using vacuum swing adsorption, such as a fire that may occur when using a method of desorbing volatile organic substances using hot gas or hot steam. Can solve safety problems.
셋째, 본 발명은 흡착을 이용하여 휘발성 유기물질을 농축시킴으로써, 처리된 배출 기체의 양이 줄어들어 플라즈마 반응기의 설치비 및 가동비가 적게 들며, 따라서 대규모 장치에 적용하는 것이 가능하다.Thirdly, the present invention concentrates volatile organics by adsorption, thereby reducing the amount of exhaust gas treated, thereby reducing the installation and operating costs of the plasma reactor, and thus making it possible to apply them to large scale apparatuses.
넷째, 본 발명은 플라즈마를 이용하는 2차 오염이 없는 건식 공법으로서, 휘발성 유기화합물 중의 탄소의 상당량을 고분자 형태로 변환시킬 수 있어, 이산화탄소와 일산화탄소의 발생량도 줄일 수 있다.Fourth, the present invention is a dry process without secondary pollution using plasma, it is possible to convert a significant amount of carbon in the volatile organic compounds into a polymer form, it is possible to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide generated.
Claims (3)
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20010107235A (en) * | 2000-05-26 | 2001-12-07 | 김창국 | Producing device and method of the nitrogen-sulfide |
| KR100582718B1 (en) * | 2000-07-29 | 2006-05-24 | 박경렬 | Method and equipment for continuous vacuum thermal regeneration of adsorbent and recovery of adsorbate |
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1997
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20010107235A (en) * | 2000-05-26 | 2001-12-07 | 김창국 | Producing device and method of the nitrogen-sulfide |
| KR100582718B1 (en) * | 2000-07-29 | 2006-05-24 | 박경렬 | Method and equipment for continuous vacuum thermal regeneration of adsorbent and recovery of adsorbate |
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