KR19990036918U - Organic material waste energy system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an energyization system of organic waste, including food waste and livestock waste. Wastewater. When organic substances such as fish trash and manure are brought in, foreign substances such as vinyl and metal are screened using a drum-type screen and a magnet, pulverized in a grinder, and then put into an anaerobic fermentation tank installed underground with a reinforced concrete tank.

The injected organic material goes through acid fermentation tank (first digestion tank) and alkaline fermentation tank (second digestion tank), and the sludge and waste water go through three stages, which are stored in waste water storage tank. Collected gas is used as fuel of vacuum hot water boiler to keep the temperature in the digestive fermentation tank at 50 ℃, the optimal temperature for methane production, and to digest organic waste from 1 ton / day to 200 ton / day according to the scale. To produce a large amount of biogas, and to generate electrical energy through the generator system converting the fuel system and electric system of the gasoline engine into an LFG gas turbine, and sludge generated after treating organic waste by anaerobic method And wastewater are treated with BOD 8ppm / ℓ or less in the high efficiency combined-purification tank system. Characterized in that to be used as heavy water for water supply.

Description

Organic Waste Energy System {ORGANIC MATERIAL WASTE ENERGY SYSTEM}

At present, domestic and international organic waste is being converted into energy or recycled as organic fertilizer.

Organic wastes generated in Korea amount to tens of millions of tons per year, but they depend on landfill methods, causing pollution of secondary water such as groundwater contamination from leachate. Local governments are urgently required to take measures to deal with the strengthening environmental legislation that must be handled by the source.

At present, organic waste disposal method has been attempted to be composted by high-speed fermentation. However, in the case of composting, the food waste of our country contains a large amount of salt, which impairs soil permeability and root absorption. , The acidification of the soil due to chlorine enrichment has lost its value as compost.In the case of fodder, the legal regulations of the feed for nutrients such as crude fat, crude protein, crude fiber and crude ash, heavy metals such as arsenic, mercury, etc. There are no acceptable standards for harmful substances in apritoxin, and due to problems such as incorporation of these substances, difficulties in anti-corruption, imbalance of calories, and moisture content relationship, apritoxins have not been actively received from agricultural and livestock farms. Limited to small-scale processing technologies In addition, technologies and methods that can handle large volumes are in a state of insufficiency.

The present invention operates a vacuum hot water boiler using methane gas generated in the process of treating organic wastes by anaerobic method as a heat source, and when the internal temperature of the digestive fermentation tank is 50 ° C., the optimum temperature of methane production is maintained. The number of days is reduced to 15-20 days to obtain a large amount of waste treatment and energy, and LFG engine power generation system to obtain electrical energy and heat energy for heating and cooling.

Sludge and waste water generated here are BOD 8ppm / ℓ or less in the high efficiency sewage tanker system, and use heavy water for feed water of vacuum hot water boiler.

It provides a technique and a method for treating a large amount of organic waste from 1 ton / day to 200 tons / day.

The present invention relates to the energyization system of organic waste, and converts methane gas generated in the process of anaerobic treatment of organic waste, including food waste, into heat source for electric energy and heating and heating in LFG gas engine power generation system. By operating a vacuum hot water boiler to keep the temperature in the digestive fermentation tank at 50 ° C, the optimal temperature for methane production, the amount of organic material digestion can be reduced from 15 to 20 days, from 1 ton / day to 200 ton / day. Organic waste treatment and energy are obtained, and the sludge and waste water generated is less than 8ppm / ℓ of BOD after purifying treatment, and can be used as heavy water for feed water of vacuum hot water boiler.

The purpose of the present invention is to extinguish fermentation tank of organic waste to be reinforced concrete tank to maintain watertightness, secrecy, water pressure, etc., and to be installed underground to withstand overload. The internal structure of digestive fermentation tank is acid fermentation tank which is the first stage , The second stage alkaline fermentation tank (methane gas generating chamber), the third stage sludge and waste water storage tank should be designed and the load rate for the unit volume of organic matter is 1.5- The capacity of the digestive fermentation tank is designed and constructed on the basis of 6.5kg VS / m ³ · day and it may be slightly different depending on the properties of organic materials, but the digestive fermentation time requires 15-20 days. When the organic material is added to the inlet, 80-90% of the total reaction is completed in the acidic fermentation tank, the first digestion tank, and 10-20% of the remaining reactions proceed in the alkaline fermentation tank (methane gas generating chamber), the second digestion tank. Waste water is stored in waste water storage tanks to treat large amounts of waste in a small space.

Another object of the present invention is that 100Nm ³ / day of biogas is produced in the methane gas generating chamber, which is the second digestion tank, when processing 1 ton / day of organic waste. After removal, the methane gas stored in the gas storage tank is used as a heat source of the vacuum hot water boiler to be used as a heating means in the digestive fermentation tank. Another object of the present invention is to convert the fuel and electric devices into gas turbines for LFG in the structure of automobile gasoline engine using LFG gas stored in the gas storage tank as a heat source, and to process 1 ton / day of organic waste through the generator. It produces 100Nm ³ biogas and converts it into electric energy of 600Kwh / day, which can be used as power for heating facilities or heating and cooling facilities.Sludge and wastewater generated after digestive and fermentation are used in the high efficiency sewage treatment plant system. BOD is less than 8ppm / ℓ and used as heavy water for feed water of vacuum hot water boiler to prevent secondary pollution caused by waste treatment.

1 is a schematic view showing an energy system of organic waste according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawings

1. Extinguishing fermentation tank body 19. Exhaust gas

2.inlet 20.heat sheets

3. Acid fermentation tank 21. Reduced steam room

4.Methane gas generator 22.Heat exchanger

5.Waste water storage tank 23.Automatic extraction device

6. Sample odor and thermometer 24. Heat supply line

7.filtration and immersion 25.solenoid valve

8. Desulfurization device 26. Cooling device

9.Desulfurization device 27.Vaper riser

10. Filtration and immersion 28. Vaporizer

11.Gas backflow prevention device 29.Engine combustion chamber

12.Gas storage tank 30.Chargeer

13.filtration and immersion 31.E.C.U

14.Gas pressure regulator 32.Ignition device

15.Gas Heat Exchanger (Dry Gas) 33.Generator

16.Gas Supply Pipe 34.Septic Sewage Tank

17.Burner 35. Boiler heavy water supply pipe

18.Tue

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The attached FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an energyization system of organic waste according to the present invention.

1. Extinguishing fermentation system of organic waste according to the embodiment of the present invention is a reinforced concrete tank installed in the basement and treated by anaerobic method when the organic material stops supplying oxygen, digestive bacteria are generated. The substance is made into low molecular weight substances, such as alcohols, fatty acids and amino acids, and produce H ₂ , CO ₂ , NH ₄ . Here, N ₂ S and organic odor are generated from proteolysis. CH ₄ , CO ₂ , NH ₄ are decomposed while methane-forming bacteria are formed in the initial stage of acidic fermentation and the reaction proceeding to the second stage. Create

Ammonia gas is dissolved in water, making the water alkaline and CH ₄ , CO ₂ is released as extinguishing gas.

Methane bacteria are very sensitive to environmental conditions such as pH, organic matter and temperature during gasification.

The reaction pathway until the formation of CH ₄ in the anaerobic reaction is as follows.

In the anaerobic treatment method, the pH relation is that when the organic acid produced in the first stage of the anaerobic reaction cannot be reacted to the second stage without delay by bacteria, the pH decreases when acid and CO ₂ accumulate in the digestive fermentation tank and the buffering capacity is destroyed.

Since methane bacteria are sensitive to pH, excessively low or high pH results in slow reactions and reduced CH ₄ production rates. In general, when the organic acid concentration exceeds 2000 mg / l, and the pH value is less than 6, the methane production rate is drastically reduced, and conversely, even when the pH value is 8 or more.

For these reasons, the equilibrium of these two reactions and the buffering capacity by alkali are very important in anaerobic reactions.

The alkali species near neutral is HCO ³ , which is parallel to CO ₂ or H ₂ CO ₃ to determine the pH of the reactor.

In general, an alkalinity of about 150 mg / l is needed for buffering when 30% of the gas produced is CO ₂ . Organic acids, on the other hand, are usually weak acids and are much lower than neutral, but have a limited buffering capacity so that the pH in digestive fermenters is not lowered.

For example, acetic acid has a buffering capacity within the range of PH3.6-5.6, so the anaerobic reactor rarely falls below PH3 due to this cause.

And methane is very sensitive to temperature change, so the sudden temperature change of 2 ℃ will immediately reduce the activity of methane and stop the digestion process. Digestive fermentation tank is a reaction tank that decomposes organic substances by microorganisms.

There is a relationship.

At low temperatures, the methane bacteria are inactive and crumbled, resulting in longer digestion days, 25-30 days at medium temperatures of 30-40 ° C, and 15-20 days at high temperatures of 50-55 ° C. In the anaerobic COD concentration, anaerobic treatment is ideal when the loading rate of organic material is 4.5kg.COD / m ³ .day when the COD of the inlet concentration is 4000mg / l or more. The amount of microorganism produced relative to the amount of BOD removal (kg) decreases as the solid residence time increases. In general, about 5-20% of the sludge produced is reduced for the supplied BOD or COD due to the inhalation of microorganisms and the reduction rate is 1-10% of the sludge.

When the molecular formula of the microorganism is C ₅ H ₇ O ₂ N, CH ₄ and alkali are also produced by the inhalation process. The reaction formula is as follows.

C ₅ H ₇ O ₂ H + 4 H ₂ O ⇒ 3 / 2CO ₂ + 5 / 2CH ₄ + NH ₄ + HCO ₃

In other words, in the gas produced by inhalation, 0.31 g of alkali is increased as 63% CH ₄ and 1000 g of COD are removed.

In addition, in the effect of C / N ratio on the microorganism in anaerobic reaction, carbon is the most important nutrient of the microorganism because nitrogen is used as a source of protein protein cells.

Therefore, their ratio greatly affects the degradation activity of microorganisms.

If the value of the C / N ratio is much larger than the optimum value, the decomposition time is delayed as soon as the supplied nitrogen is consumed, so the decomposition time is longer than that of the organic material having the optimum C / N ratio.

If the value of the C / N ratio is much smaller than the optimum value, the lack of carbon causes nitrogen to remain inadequately used to form microorganisms, resulting in soluble ammonia, which inhibits microbial production and stops decomposition.

Therefore, if anaerobic digestion is performed at the appropriate C / N ratio by selecting and controlling organic substances in nutrients, a large amount of methane is produced and good decomposition results can be obtained.

C / N ratios of various organic substances are sawdust 200-500: 1, total weight 8-36: 1, food waste 10: 1, sewage sludge 13: 1, and cow dung 18: 1.

The higher the concentration of organic matter in the digestive fermentation tank, the higher the viscosity of the fermentation broth and the lower the amount of gas produced.

This is because the produced gas streams (methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas, etc.) are accumulated in the solution, and harmful gases, especially gases such as hydrogen sulfide, inhibit the growth of microorganisms.

In addition, in the fermentation broth having a high viscosity, a layer is formed, thereby limiting the activity of microorganisms, thereby reducing decomposition of organic matter and generating less methane.

In this case, agitation is the best method, but agitation may be difficult in small facilities. Agitation increases the activity of microorganisms, but in order to solve the viscosity problem without stirring, an appropriate dilution concentration of the raw material is required.

In the effects of nutrients and toxicants on the growth of microorganisms in anaerobic reactions, the schematic molecular formula of anaerobic bacteria can be represented by C ₅ H ₇ O ₂ N, which consists of 80% water and 20% solids. The solid material consists of 90% organic and 1% inorganic. Organic matter consists of carbon, oxygen and nitrogen, and minerals are phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, iron and copper.

Higher levels of any nutrient can adversely affect anaerobic digestion.

The irritant and toxic concentrations in the alkali and alkaline regions are as follows.

Among ammonia nitrogen and NH ₄ ⁺ ion, ammonia is toxic to NH ₄ ← NH ₃ + H ⁺ , and when the pH is high, NH ₃ (ammonia) is generated, which increases toxicity. same.

In this design, high temperature digestive fermentation is applied by heating method that keeps on temperature of digestive fermentation tank at 50 ℃ due to economical efficiency due to large amount of waste treatment and biogas production in small capacity digestive fermentation tank. In the method, the generated gas was used to drive a vacuum hot water boiler to supply heat to the digestive fermentation tank through a heat supply pipe so as to maintain the optimum temperature of methane bacteria at 50 ° C. at all times.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, when the organic material is treated by anaerobic method, electric energy and heat energy are produced. Based on 1 ton / day and 50 ton / day, the treatment capacity according to the structure, the chemical properties of the methane gas and the fermentation energy It is as follows when we display calories of

Anaerobic treatment of organic waste

● Chemical Properties of Methane

● Fermentation energy generation amount of organic waste

※ Biogas: 100 Nm ³ / 1ton Organic Waste

※ Production energy: 6.0 Kwh / Nm ³ Biogas (methane content 60%)

※ 1Kwh = 860 kcal

The degree of decomposition of organic matter and the amount of gas collection involved are related to the energy imports of the fermentation process.

On average, 100 Nm ³ of biogas is produced per tonne of organic waste and 6.0 Kwh of energy per ¹ Nm ³ of biogas (containing 60% methanecass), resulting in 600 Kwh of energy from 1 ton of organic waste.

This energy can be supplied with 150 Kwh of electricity and 360 Kwh of thermal energy through the LFG engine power generation system, which is a modified gasoline engine.

The amount of heat required for fermentation facilities of different methods is up to 50-180 Kwh per tonne of input, depending on the operating temperature, and net revenue of 180-420 Kwh per tonne can be obtained without the required heat.

Excluding the electrical energy required for operation, approximately 70-230 Kwh (average 100-150 KwH) of pure electrical energy can be obtained per tonne of input.

● After installing fire extinguishing fermenter, operate as follows.

(1) The first fire extinguishing tank to check all plumbing lines and to create anaerobic conditions;

Between the top and bottom of the second digester and the third wastewater storage tank

Filling the 1m organic material transport passage with 50 ℃ hot water,

Create anaerobic conditions that will not work.

(2) Add methane sludge, desorption liquid, manure or poultry

You have to make them, the amount depends on the volume,

It is about 3% of the effective volume.

(3) For the first input of organic waste, 10% of the input quantity should be charged for 20 days every day.

After that, the daily dose should be introduced.

(4) and the like periodically organic acid concentration, PH, alkalinity, CO ₂ content of the gas,

Check the fire extinguishing process. Alkali (caustic soda, lye) if pH is below 6

If the pH is over 8, hydrochloric or Muriatic Acid and

Adjust the same acid.

30 kg of dry lime produces about 0.2 PH in 2 tons of water.

(5) The temperature of the acidic fermentation tank which is the first step in maintaining the temperature of the digestive fermentation tank is

Be sure to keep 50 ℃ at all times.

(6) Anaerobic reactions are very sensitive to impact load, so the load is rapidly

If increased, the equilibrium of the whole reaction is broken, increasing organic acid and decreasing pH.

It smells and deteriorates the function of the reactor. In some cases, toxic substances

As it is introduced, the pH is gradually lowered and the production of CH ₄ is sometimes reduced.

(7) The input of organic substances should be continuously metered.

Overdosing creates excess product and balances nutrition in digestive fermentation tanks.

On the contrary, if it is insufficient, it becomes malnourished and kills microorganisms.

2. The function of the digestive fermentation tank is the first stage of acidic fermentation tank, and the alkaline fermentation tank of the second stage generates methane gas.

In the case of food waste treatment, the amount of methane generated during 1 ton / day is 100 Nm ³ / day.

Fire extinguishing tank and equipment of outflow of each gas are severely damaged due to strong H ₂ S. Therefore, special steel pipes should be used and protected with special materials and special coatings so that no gas leaks.

Determination of the gas pipe not only depends on the daily average gas volume,

In addition, the pressure loss to the consumption place such as the gas storage tank should be reduced, and the amount of gas generated at the maximum depends on the size of the digester and the operation method.

It should be about 1.5-3 times the average daily gas generation.

The gas flow rate should be designed up to 7-8m / sec, that is, the average speed of 5m / sec or less per day.

The gas storage tank should be designed with a storage size of about 30% of the average group generated daily to determine the required capacity according to the size of the digestive fermentation tank and the method of using the gas.

Since methane gas is wet and strong, the inside of the gas storage tank is protected with a special coating, and the gas is deodorized through degassing and desulfurization equipment before storage, and the gas storage volume and pressure in the tank are checked by the instrument in the operating room.

Accessories such as gas pressure regulator, safety device, gas heat exchanger, overpressure device, gas filtration and immersion device, and gas backflow preventer should be installed.

(1) gas storage tank

Gas storage tanks are made of steel plates and are installed underground or on the ground depending on the location conditions.

The gas static pressure is determined by the weight and area of the gas tank, and depends on the volume and type of the tank.

It is usually 120-200mmAQ but the static pressure

It may increase.

The optimal ratio of diameter and height of the tank should be designed and manufactured with 1.5: 1 or 2: 1.

do.

(2) Desulfurization device

The forming size of iron hydroxide used as deodorant is 10mm φ-20mmφ,

The filling ratio should be 0.7kg / l, strength 10-20kg / mouth and 50-60% Fe ₂ O ₂ .

When 100% of the iron hydroxide of the desulfurization agent reacts, the amount of H ₂ S absorbed per ton of desulfurization agent is

300-380 kg. As the absorption rate of hydrogen sulfide increases,

When it falls and sulfur (S) absorption exceeds 20%, efficiency will fall rapidly.

Digestive gases of organic waste have a hydrogen sulfide concentration of 15-20 g / Nm ³ and CO ₂

Partial pressure is also high, so it is possible to prevent exothermic reaction during absorption and

The size of the generated gas desulfurization jangchigi 100Nm 0.4m ³ at least about ³ / day, of the desulfurizing agent

The amount in consideration of, and replaced with 0.2m ³ at least two desulfurizer group

Must be installed.

When initially filled, the required amount of desulfurization agent depends on the content of hydrogen sulfide.

When the desulfurizer is filled, the gas pressure drop is dependent on the height and the speed of the desulfurizer.

By the desulphurizer particle size of 15-20mmφ as an average of 20-30mmH ₂ O

At maximum, it should not exceed 60-70 mmH ₂ O.

(3) Filtration and Soaking Machine

When plumbing, condensation water is produced due to a drop in temperature.

Be sure to install it in front of the equipment so that the particles do not affect the equipment.

shall.

(4) Gas backflow prevention device

It is a device installed to prevent backfire, that is, explosion in the pipe of flammable gas.

It must be installed in the boiler and LFG gas engine generator.

It is advisable to install it at the top of the fire fermentation tank or at the top of the gas storage tank.

(5) Gas pressure regulator

It is installed at the upper part of fire extinguishing tank or gas storage tank, and the overpressure and underpressure are simultaneously

It works. Since the pressure in the tank is always variable, it is necessary to

The purpose is to prevent.

Under negative pressure, there is air intrusion.

Installation is required.

(6) sampling and thermometer

In order to capture the sample in the gas storage tank, a PVC pipe with a diameter of 150 mm or more must be

It is installed on the ceiling, and the thermometer is placed in a tube lined with insect resistance

This is installed near the center of the tank to change the temperature change into electrical resistance.

Anything outside the tank should be used.

(7) gas heat exchanger (dry gas)

The composition of methane gas contains CH ₄ : 63%, CO ₂ : 37%, H ₂ S: 0.5%, NH ₄ : 2.5%

Dry, gasified through heat exchanger

Clean CO ₂ in the gas and remove pure methane from the gas engine generator or boiler system.

Use as a heat source and, if necessary, put it in a compression vessel of 2-15kg / cm ^{3 as} an alternative energy.

use.

3. The vacuum hot water boiler used in the present invention is a burner, a brazier, a fire pipe, a fruit water,

Consisting of reduced pressure steam room, heat exchanger, automatic extractor, brazier, pipe, fruit water, reduced steam room, heat exchanger are enclosed in the conduit, and the furnace and pipe are surrounded by fruit water.

The vacuum chamber is kept under reduced pressure (vacuum) under atmospheric pressure,

When heat is supplied to the furnace and pipe, the fruit water surrounding it is heated. The hot water is heated and boiled to generate steam corresponding to the temperature, and the decompression steam chamber is at a steam pressure corresponding to the temperature.

In this way, the steam generated in the tube reaches the surface of the heat exchanger inserted in the vacuum chamber, and when the temperature of the heat exchanger surface is lower than the steam temperature, the steam condenses and returns to the fruit water by gravity. Since this heat exchange is condensation heat transfer of steam, the amount of heat exchange per heat transfer area is considerably larger than that of a conventional hot water boiler.

Heat transfer uses boiling and condensation transfer, and heat transfer rates generally used are as follows.

Natural Convection of Water-About 300-600kcal / m ² h ℃

Forced convection of water-about 1,000-3,000kcal / m ² h ℃

Boiling Water-about 5,000kcal / m ² h ℃

Condensation of water vapor-about 10,000-30,000kcal / m ² h ℃

Thus, when heat exchanger heat transfer area is the same, the heat transfer amount of the side which uses boiling and condensation heat transfer is large.

In addition, the heat transfer unit includes a furnace for transferring heat to the fruit water by combustion gas, etc.

There is a heat exchanger that transfers heat to water or to various liquids by the tube and reduced pressure steam.

In the gas generating and scavenging apparatus, the vacuum hot water boiler degass the dissolved oxygen in the air and the fruit water of the vacuum chamber, and there is no air. Even in this state, hydrogen gas that is a non-condensing gas is generated.

Any water even ^{_{2H 2 O ⇔ 2H + + 2OH}} - hydrogen ions (2H) as shown in the formula, such as the

It is ionized with hydroxyl ion (2OH).

On the other hand, the steel surface in contact with water is not uniform in structure, so the tendency to ionization

There is a high place and a non-high place.

In the part, Fe atoms leave electrons 2e to become iron ions (Fe ²⁺ ) and are eluted.

The remaining electrons are moved around the anode to form the cathode.

Where the electrons in the cathode are electrically neutralized with hydrogen ions in water

_{^{2e - + 2H + = H 2}} , 2e - + 2H + + hydrogen (H ₂₎ or water (H ₂ O) comparable to the 1/20 _second formula le

Create

On the other hand, the iron ions eluted from the anode part react with hydroxyl ions in water to form ferrous hydroxide [Fe (OH) ₂ ], which is comparable to Fe ²⁺ + 20H ^- ⇒ Fe (OH) ² ,

Play a role.

Since the vacuum boiler is not supplied with new oxygen, it stops in the reaction of Fe ²⁺ + 2OH ^- ⇒ Fe (OH) ² formula, and stops hydrogen gas generation after 1,000 hours of combustion time.

In the vacuum hot water boiler, the automatic extraction device is attached to automatically discharge the non-condensable gas.

It is discharged outside the hall. If non-condensable gas is present in the heater, the gas is always stored in the air tank, which is cooled by air, rather than the tube.

Are concentrated. This prevents the inflow of steam by non-condensable gases and

This lowers the temperature of the air tank.

If there is a temperature difference to the fruit water temperature, the bleeding pump

To discharge the non-condensable gas from the air tank. When the non-condensable gas is discharged, the steam enters the low chamber again and there is no temperature difference between the fruit water and the air tank, and the bleeding pump stops.

● L.F.G Vacuum Hot Water Boiler Specification (20ton / day-50ton / day standard)

In the amount of combustion air, a large amount of fresh air is required for the burner to be burned, so the air supply and the exhaust port having a sufficient effective area should be installed in the vacuum hot water boiler heater installation place so as to be connected outdoors. The combustion air volume of L.F G. in gaseous fuel is as follows.

ROU-for 150 LFG fuel (Hl> 3,500 Kcal / Nm ³ ).

A = {11.1 (Hl / 10,000) +0.2} × m

A: Required air volume, Nm ³ / Nm ³ fuel

Hl: senior calorific value, Kcal / Nm ³ fuel

m: air ratio 0.55

Therefore, 14.6 Nm ³ / Nm ³ (LFG)

The amount of exhaust gas is ROU-150, LFG fuel

Vg = {11.9 + 11.1 (m-1)} (Hl / 10,000) + {0.5 + 0.2 (m-1)} Nm ³ / Nm ³

In the year design, the actual amount of exhaust gas (since the gas expands with temperature at high temperatures)

In case of ROU-150

Combustion consumption F = 58.7 Nm ³ / H

Vg = 14.6 × 58.7 = 857.02Nm ³ / H

When the exhaust gas temperature is 260 ° C, the exhaust gas amount G is

G = 857.02 × 273 + 260/273 = 1,673.3 m ³ / H

In thermal expansion, the water expands as it warms up.

Heating increases 3%.

The amount of water retained expands from 3 l at 100 l and from 30 l at 1,000 l.

The amount of expansion is obtained by the following equation.

ΔV = (1 / Pf-1 / Pi) V

ΔV: Expansion amount (ℓ)

V: Quantity of whole system (ℓ)

Pi: Initial specific weight (Kg f / ℓ)

Pf: Specific weight after temperature rise (Kg f / ℓ)

● Volume increase rate by specific weight of water and temperature rise

In the heat exchanger output, indirect heating type in which the heat exchanger is incorporated in the heater tube has no relationship between the maximum output of the burner and the output of the heat exchanger.

For example, in the heating heat exchanger, when the inlet temperature is 65 ° C and the flow rate is 25,000 l / h, the outlet temperature is 75 ° C and the output is 250,000 Kcal / H.

● Cautions for gas piping are as follows.

(1) Pipes are to be in a path and position that is not damaged or corroded by external forces.

(2) Piping is to be at a place where construction and inspection are easy.

(3) Piping of underground buried and concealed sections should be parallel to roads or buildings.

No inclined piping should be provided.

(4) One supply pipe shall be provided in the same complex.

(5) When gas is supplied to hot and cold water and several devices through the same pipe,

Do not drop the supply pressure on the vacuum hot water heater.

Should be selected.

(6) The pipe support should be provided with the necessary spacing and

It shall be supported as a support with a place.

(7) Install flexible pipes at places where there is a risk of floating settlement.

(8) The gas flowmeter must be installed exclusively for the vacuum hot water heater and the vacuum hot water heater

Attach the flow meter suitable for gas flow meter

The place where the ambient temperature is over 60 ℃ should be avoided.

● Port size and quantity held in heat exchanger

The vacuum hot water heater is of flange type and has a pressure resistance of 10 Kg / cm ² as a standard.

4. L.F.G. The gas engine power generation system uses the fuel and electrical equipment of gasoline engines.

In the structure that generates electric energy and heat energy through the generator by converting it to L.F.G. fuel, the gasoline engine reciprocates the piston in the cylinder and converts the movement into rotational motion by connecting rod and crankshaft.

The distance from the top dead center to the bottom dead center during the reciprocating motion of the piston is called stroke and is twice the length of the crank arm.

The size of the engine depends on the combustion chamber volume and stroke volume (exhaust volume) of the piston.

In the reciprocating motion of the piston, the mixer explodes by inhalation, compression, and combustion, and exhausts combustion gases, and is classified into four-cycle engine and two-cycle engine by this type.

The four-cycle engine consists of exhaust of combustion gas and suction of new mixer in each stroke. The structure is divided into engine body, fuel supply device, lubrication device, cooling device, and electric device that generate power. Divided.

The L.F.G engine used in this paper is a device that generates electric energy through a generator by using methane gas (L.F.G) as a fuel by modifying the fuel system and electric system in the structure of a gasoline engine.

● Source of L.F.G Gas Engine

The fuel system and electric system in L.F.G gas engine are summarized as follows.

● Fuel line device

● Electric line device

(1) solenoid valve

It is composed of valve and return spring as fuel shutoff and supply valve.

When current flows through the coil, it becomes an electromagnet to overcome the tension of the plunger return spring

Open the valve to supply fuel, and in the cylinder when the coolant temperature of the engine is low

Excellent start-up is possible even when vaporized L.F.G gas is used.

A filter is installed at the part to filter out impurities in the methane gas.

(2) chiller

The chiller ensures that the coolant is always at

As a device to maintain the function of each part of the engine normally,

Water-cooled chiller is used to install water jacket on cylinder head and cylinder block

Connect the water jacket and the radiator with a hose and cool the water with a water pump.

Radiant water is cooled by forcibly cooling the inside of the water jacket

Induced to cool to outside air.

A mercury regulator is installed between the water jacket and the radiator,

Keep it at the proper temperature.

(3) Vapor riser

It corresponds to the gasifier of gasoline engine, and the methane gas is vaporized under reduced pressure.

It maintains and adjusts the amount of vaporization according to the increase and decrease of engine load.

When using only the gaseous fuel included in the methane gas cylinder,

The capacity should be increased.

Vaporizer supplies gaseous methane gas to the engine.

It works.

(4) mixer

Vaporized methane gas is mixed with air and supplied to the combustion chamber.

As a device, the combustion mixing ratio is 15: 3 and acts like a vaporizer for L.P.G engines.

Excellent vaporization performance, simpler structure than vaporizer, main circuit is main circuit

It consists of an idle low speed circuit and a power circuit.

● Main circuit

As a device to supply fuel according to the opening degree of the throttle valve, a lot of throttle valves

Opening up also increases fuel supply. If the throttle valve opens while the engine is running, the air will

As the air flows through the vent tree, fuel flows out of the main nozzle.

This fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber together with the air.

Increases.

● idle and low speed circuit

A circuit that supplies fuel and air to the combustion chamber when the engine is idle and low speed.

If the throttle valve is closed, air and fuel flow into the combustion chamber

Supplied.

In addition, at close speed, that is, at low speed, fuel and air are supplied through the open circuit of the idle circuit and the throttle valve, and change with the adjustment of the adjusting screw.

● Motorized Valve

A valve that operates with a lot of throttle valves open at high loads.

Because the throttle valve is closed, a large vacuum is applied to the intake manifold.

The power diaphragm is pulled.

At this time, if the engine is accelerated, the throttle valve opens, so that the vacuum in the intake manifold

When the power valve is depressed, the tension of the coil spring on the power diaphragm

The fuel passage is opened so that fuel is supplied to the main passage.

● idle adjustment screw

The idle adjustment screw adjusts the mixer and adjusts idle during idle.

It is not necessary to open and close the primary screw valve during idling.

If this circuit is missing, the air and methane must be

Since the negative pressure characteristics of the gas mixing ratio regulating circuit controller are unbalanced,

Degrades.

(5) engine combustion chamber

Combustion chamber is a part that surrounds the hollow of the cylinder head and the piston head

It is where the energy is generated by burning the mixer.

Therefore, the performance of the entire engine is greatly affected by the quality of the combustion chamber.

(6) charging device

The charging device generates charge generators and generators that are rotated by the engine during operation.

It consists of a voltage regulator to adjust the voltage. L.F.G fuel charge generator

Use an alternator.

The power generation principle of the alternator is the electromagnetic induction action, which consists of a stator, a rotor and

Is the main part of the silicon diode and the internal structure

The rotor is placed inside the stator.

The charging generator is driven by the belt from the engine,

As the engine's rotation changes, so does the generator's rotation.

Voltage required when the engine is running at high speed and the rotation speed of the generator is high

As the voltage generated rises above, other electric devices may be damaged.

In the charging device, over the specified value (14.5-15.5V for the generator for regulated voltage 12V)

It is a device that adjusts the voltage of the charging generator constantly when the voltage rises.

I need a voltage regulator, L.F.G. Carbon pile type is used for fuel equipment

do. It combines a thin disc of carbon instead of a contact and resistance

As a method of changing the contact resistance of the pile in accordance with the strength of the pressing force

In this type of voltage regulation, the number of revolutions of the charging generator is increased so that the generated voltage

When this happens, the magnet magnetic force becomes stronger and the carbon pressed by the spring

When the pressure of the carbon pile is reduced, the contact resistance is reduced.

As it increases, the voltage is controlled by controlling the field current.

(7) E.C.U

The control system of the computer consists of various sensors and E.C.U.

The fuel injection timing and injection amount are calculated by detecting the signals.

Various sensors include intake air volume load, coolant temperature, intake temperature, engine speed and running speed.

E.C.U sends these signals to the E.C.U by converting the state of the island to an electrical signal.

To determine the injection volume of the fuel in accordance with the driving conditions and drive the injector

do. Injection of fuel is a synchronous injection method that drives four injectors sequentially

When idling, drive ISC-Servo according to the load and maintain stable idling speed.

Keep it.

(8) ignition

When the engine rotates, the contact is opened by the distributor's cam to cut off the primary current.

At the same time, high voltage is generated in the ignition coil by induction action,

Secondary current flows through the (high voltage circuit).

Telephone coil (secondary coil) ⇒ distributor ⇒ spark plug ⇒ ground

Furthermore, batteries connected in parallel with the contactor contacts occur when the contacts are opened.

It absorbs sparks and prevents burner contact burnout and at the same time

It acts to quickly cut off the voltage of the secondary coil.

5. The specification of the generator system that generates electrical energy by connecting to the engine turbine for L.F.G used in the present invention is as follows.

● Generator Specification

● The following describes the adjustment of the main equipment of the generator system used in the present invention.

(1) AC voltmeter

It is an instrument to indicate the generation voltage and indicates the rated voltage for each phase.

Voltage adjustment is made by turning the adjustment knob left or right.

(2) frequency meter

An instrument indicating the frequency of the generator power supply shall indicate the rated frequency.

Since it is proportional to the engine's rotational speed, move the governor left or right

Be sure to

(3) ammeter

It is an instrument that indicates generator load current.

Care must be taken not to exceed it.

(4) voltage switching switch

The transfer switch for measuring the voltage between each phase of the generator.

(5) current switching switch

It is a transfer switch to measure load current between each phase when load is applied.

(6) voltage regulator

Always set the rated voltage with a variable resistor to adjust the voltage of the generator.

Adjust by turning to voltage drop or voltage rise.

● In using engine generator for L.F.G, it shall be suitable for the following inspection and test results.

(1) no-load test

The voltage rise and short-circuit current characteristics are obtained.

(2) Voltage and frequency fluctuation characteristics test

Voltage change rate from no load to rated load is less than ± 2.5%, no load at no load

Until now, it is measured whether the frequency variation rate satisfies the characteristic of ± 5% or less.

(3) Temperature rise test

When the temperature of each part of the generator is saturated at the rated load, measure the temperature of each part

Should be less than or equal to

(4) Insulation resistance measurement

Insulation resistance between winding and winding, winding and enclosure is 1,00O Volt insulation resistor.

It is 5 MΩ or more by measurement.

(5) Withstand voltage test

When the AC power between the winding and the ground is gradually applied to the following values and maintained for 1 minute

No breakdown or flashover should occur.

① Armature winding: 2E + 100 [V] (Minimum 150O Volt)

② Field winding: 10EX [V] (Minimum 150O Volt)

(6) Emergency output test

Operate for 1 hour at 110% of continuous output so that no abnormality occurs in each part of generator.

shall.

(7) Climbing Distortion Rate Measurement

It is measured whether the characteristic under 10% is satisfied at the no-load rated voltage.

(8) Voltage adjustment range

Check if the rated voltage is within ± 5% of the rated voltage range.

It does not require exact values.

6. Organic waste consists of 80% moisture and 20% solids.

Since the organic matter is 90% organic and 10% inorganic, in order to treat sludge and wastewater generated when the waste is treated by anaerobic method without secondary pollution, the sewage combined treatment septic tank used in the present invention is conventional hardly decomposable.

The material can also be decomposed and treated with a unique purification leather.

There is no risk of mixing pathogens, and the quantity and quality are excellent in the decomposition efficiency by many kinds of microorganisms. As the wastewater has high purification efficiency, it is treated with 8ppm / l or less of BOD so that secondary pollution does not occur.

● The processing flow chart is as follows.

(1) sludge feeder

Accurate and simple adjustment of feed amount by meter

(2) Precipitation Separation Tank 1,2

Sedimentation of solids in influent sewage as it flows from room 1 to room 2

Is removed.

(3) filtration tank

Filling of the filter medium eliminates the blockage of the contact aeration tank.

(4) Contact aeration tank

By filling and aeration of the contact material, the treatment water quality is extremely minimized by aerobic microorganisms.

Keep it stable.

(5) settling tank

It removes fine organic substances from the treated effluent in the contact aeration tank.

(6) disinfection tank

Disinfect the effluent through the sedimentation tank to feed the heavy water for vacuum hot water boiler

Use or discharge.

(7) backwash system

Remove excess sludge that is stuck to the contact material.

The present invention maintains the temperature of the digestive fermentation tank at the optimum temperature of the production of methane bacteria and can be easily designed and constructed according to the generation amount from 1 ton / day to 200 tons / day or more. Biogas generated in the treatment process can be converted into heat energy and electrical energy for cooling and heating through LFG gas turbine generator, and the sludge and waste water generated after oxidation treatment are treated with BOD 8ppm / ℓ in the high efficiency sewage treatment and septic tank system. We devised a technology that can be used as heavy water for water supply of vacuum hot water boilers without secondary pollution as follows.If this technique and method are attempted, food waste, livestock waste, waste water, fish waste, etc., accounting for more than half of environmental pollution, Prevents harm from environmental pollution caused by organic wastes such as It is believed to be conserved and contribute to the national environmental policy.

Claims (2)

The digestive fermentation tank body 1 is embedded in a reinforced concrete tank underground, and organic waste is sorted into the inlet (2) of the anaerobic fermentation tank (1) after crushing by using a drum-type screen and magnets. The 1m organic material transfer passage opened between the upper end and the lower end of the first acidic fermentation tank 3, the second methane gas generating chamber 4, and the third wastewater storage tank 5 is heated to 50 ° C Make up the anaerobic condition, put manure, manure, etc., which are methane bacteria production, into the 10% of the input amount every 20 days after 2-3 days after about 5% of the effective volume is added. In order to enter the process. Scale of digestive fermentation tank (1) is an organic material loading rate per unit volume of 1.5, depending on the throughput, based on the digestion of days 20 days when kept optimum temperature 50 ℃ - design, construction in 6.5kgvs / m ³ · day, and the second In the methane gas collecting tank 4 generated in the methane gas generator (4), the sample taking and temperature device (6) is to install a PVC pipe with an inner diameter of 150mm or more, and to install a resistance thermometer, so that the temperature change is changed to electrical resistance, amount of the gas filtering and saliva reservoir (7.10.13) is the number of condensation because animation to a temperature change in the piping installed in front of each device and the size of the desulfurization jangchigi (8.9) is generated gas 100Nm ³ / day for more than 0.4m ^3, the desulfurizing agent is to 0.2m ³ and installs two in consideration of the exchange, reverse flow preventing gas jangchigi 11 is installed in the boiler, a gas engine generator and gas storage tank to prevent backfire that is, the explosion in the gas pipe, and gas Storage tank 12 is made of steel plate underground or above ground The gas static pressure is 120-200mmAQ according to the volume and type of the tank. The optimum ratio of diameter and height of the tank is designed and manufactured as 1.5: 1-2: 1, and the gas pressure regulator (l4) is the pressure in the tank. Has to be installed to prevent breakage of the digestive fermentation tank (1), and the gas heat exchanger (15) has a wet and dry environment because methane gas is wet and strong enough to be dry. Energyization system of organic waste, characterized in that used as a heat source of the power generation system The vacuum hot water boiler system is composed of a burner (17), a furnace (18), fruit water (20), a heat exchanger (22), a reduced pressure steam chamber (21), an automatic extractor (23), and an exhaust gas (19). and, The heat of the boiler is always maintained at 50 ° C. through the heat supply pipe 24. To obtain a large amount of waste treatment and energy, The stored sludge and waste water are treated to BOD 8ppm / ℓ or less through the treatment system of sludge feeder, sediment separation tank 1, 2 chambers, filtration tank, contact aeration tank, sedimentation tank, sterilization tank and backwashing device After, the boiler heavy water supply pipe 35 to be used as heavy water for water supply of the boiler, the gas tank, solenoid valve 25, cooling device 26, vaporizer (27) in the structure of the gas engine for LFG gasoline engine ), Carburetor 28, engine combustion chamber 29, battery charger 30, ECU (31), The fuel line and electric line of the ignition device 32 are converted into a gas engine for L.F.G. 20kw / hr-200kw / hr through the rotation meter type generator 33 which is integrated into AC voltmeter, frequency meter, ammeter, voltage change switch, current change switch and voltage regulator. Energy generation system of organic waste, characterized in that used to generate electricity.