KR19990023003A - Electrochemical cell - Google Patents

Abstract

An electrochemical cell for treating water and / or an aqueous solution according to the present invention comprises an internal electrode having a central portion and a pin end portion having a diameter of 0.75 or less of the diameter of the central portion and provided at each end of the central portion, and the internal electrode. And an external electrode mounted around the electrode, and a coaxial ceramic diaphragm mounted in a separate space between the internal electrode and the external electrode in the electrode chamber of the battery. The external electrode is provided in the upper and lower dielectric bushings. Both of these internal and external electrodes are connected to the positive and negative poles of the power supply. In addition, the battery further includes upper and lower dielectric collector heads each having an axial channel, and each of the upper and lower dielectric collector heads is rotatably installed in a slot of the bushing. The diaphragm is fastened by an elastic gasket provided in the bushing slot. The diameter of the center of the inner electrode is limited to the following formula,

2M D 4M

Where D is the diameter of the central portion of the internal electrode in mm

M is the distance in mm between the inner and outer electrodes.

The length of the center portion of the inner electrode is shorter than the length of the outer electrode (2M) or longer than the length of the outer electrode (2M or more).

Description

Electrochemical cell

In the field of electrochemistry, differently designed electrolyzers are used for the preparation of water and / or aqueous solutions or different products. For example, an electrolytic cell having a flat electrode pressurized against a diaphragm (see our own patent 882 944 (1979)) or an electrolytic cell having a coaxial cylindrical electrode and a ceramic diaphragm arranged between these electrodes [ Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1-104 387 (1989).

However, module electrolyzers have advanced considerably because they can be combined with the required number of modules to provide the desired production efficiency. This makes it possible to reduce the design and manufacturing cost of the electrolyzer according to a given capacity, to standardize the parts, and to reduce the assembly and disassembly time of the electrolyzer.

As a result of the design by the above-described technique, the best device is based on a modular principle using a coaxial cylindrical rod electrode and an electrochemical cell with a coaxial ultra-ceramic diaphragm made of a material based on zirconium, aluminum and yttrium oxide. Water treatment apparatus (see US Pat. No. 5,427,667).

The rod electrode is made of a photo type having a plurality of regions and the diameter of the pin-end is about 0.75 of the diameter of the central region. This makes it possible to improve the hydrolic mode. In addition, the diameters of the electrodes and diaphragms can be specified by formulas that define changes between them.

In the phototype, the rod, the cylindrical electrode and the diaphragm are fixed in a specific electrical bushing with a channel for treated water exiting or entering the rod electrode chamber. Channels are provided on the side of the cylindrical electrode and on the upper and lower parts of the electrode to supply and discharge treated water from the chamber of the cylindrical electrode. Water is treated while passing the cell chamber from the bottom to the top.

A device having a predetermined manufacturing capacity is assembled with a plurality of cells using a specific collector, which is manufactured as an integrated detail or a specific separating block and provided with a joining and sealing tool. The order of connecting the electrodes to the poles of the power source depends on the application.

The phototype treats water or aqueous solutions with low energy consumption. The phototype is very simple to use, assemble and assemble.

However, the phototype has disadvantages. Certain collectors increase the size of the device, increase the water resistance, and also require the use of large capacity pumps. The collector also requires a number of sealing and mating parts. The phototype does not work effectively under different electrode dipolars due to its structural properties. Thus, when the rod electrode acts as an anode, the coating quickly wears out in the transition region from the center to the pin end (the surface area does not include small holes). All regions other than the transition region are cylindrical electrode portions and portions (intensive variation regions) that are strongly affected by high electric fields. It is not possible to control the gas filling of the solution treated in the phototype. In addition, the photo-type device is very complicated to manufacture because it requires strict coaxiality in all detail parts and diaphragms. The fixing system for the rod electrode is difficult to manufacture due to the deep annular ring on the inner side of the bushing channel and the sealing of the annular ring.

It is an object of the present invention to simplify the design of the electrochemical cell and to make it possible to place the required number of cells in a small space. Another object of the present invention is to simplify the fixing system for the battery element, while at the same time reducing the influence of the curved magnetic field in the space between the electrodes to increase the life of the battery and improve the reliability of the battery. Still another object of the present invention is to improve the function of the battery by enabling control over the gas-filling effect of the electrolyte during the electrochemical process.

An object of the present invention is to provide an electrochemical cell for treating water and / or an aqueous solution. A coaxial ceramic diaphragm for separating an internal electrode (the diameter of the end portion is 0.75 or less of the central diameter), the external electrode and the internal electrode space in the electrode ( On the basis of zirconium oxide, made from materials with addition of aluminum and yttrium oxide). The electrode should be made of a material that does not melt during electrolysis. The external electrode is provided in the upper and lower dielectric bushings. A slot is provided on the distal end of the upper and lower bushings, and the cell includes a vertical dielectric collector head having an axial channel. The head is also rotatably mounted in a slot of the bushing. The diaphragm is fastened by an elastic gasket placed in the bushing slot. The central diameter of the inner electrode is defined by the following formula.

2M D 4M

Where D is the diameter of the central portion of the internal electrode in mm

M is the distance between the electrodes in mm.

Depending on the efficiency and the bipolarity of the electrode, the length of the central diameter of the inner electrode is shorter than the length of the external electrode of 2M value or longer than the length of the external electrode of 2M value or more. The preferred distance between the electrodes is between 2.8 and 3.3 mm. The inner electrode is fastened to the inside of the head by an elastic gasket lying in the axial head channel. The purpose of the channels in the upper and lower heads and the upper and lower bushings is to supply treated water and / or solution into or out of the chamber inside and outside the electrode. The channel extends to the side surface to provide an outlet. The length of the external electrode can be changed in the range of 50 to 240 mm as necessary.

The electrode material may be selected from existing resources depending on the design conditions and requirements of the device. If it is not necessary to change the bipolarity of the electrode, a titanium electrode coated with titanium oxide and ruthenium oxide or a titanium electrode coated with precious metal or manganese oxide or tin oxide or cobalt oxide may be used as the anode. Pyrographite, polished titanium or tantalum or zirconium or other coatings coated with glass carbon may be used as the negative electrode. If it is necessary to change the bipolarity of the electrode, a titanium electrode coated with platinum or platinum-iridium may be used. As the material of the electrode, it is also possible to use materials combining different materials described above or other materials known in the electrochemical industry.

The diaphragm of the electrochemical cell is made of a ceramic composed of zirconium, aluminum and yttrium oxide and may contain additives such as niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, gadolinium oxide, hafnium oxide and other materials. Depending on the application, the diaphragm may be formed as a membrane having an ultrafiltration, microfiltration, or monofiltration function. The shape of the diaphragm can be changed. The diaphragm may be a truncated cone having a thickness over the entire diaphragm length of 0.4 to 0.8 mm and a cone ratio of 1: 100 to 1000. The diaphragm may be installed in the up or down base of the battery.

The outer (or inner) surface of the diaphragm may be manufactured as a cylinder, and the remaining (inner or outer) surface may be manufactured as a cone having a cone ratio of 1: 100 to 1000. In such a case, the wall thickness of the one end portion is 0.4 to 0.5 and the wall thickness of the other end portion is 0.7 to 0.8. The diaphragm is installed in the distal end of the cell with the thickest wall upwards or downwards.

The outer and inner surfaces of the diaphragm may be manufactured as truncated cones having a cone ratio of 1: 100 to 1000. In addition, the top of the cone is located at the opposite end of the diaphragm and the wall thickness of the one distal end is 0.4 to 0.5 mm and the thickness of the other distal end is 0.7 to 0.8 mm. The diaphragm is installed in the cell so that the end with the thickest wall bends downward or upward.

The inner and outer surfaces of the diaphragm can be manufactured as a cylinder having a wall thickness of 0.4 to 0.7 mm. The deviation from the exact contour of the diaphragm should be within 0.05 mm across the surface. The inner electrode may be manufactured in a closed or empty form. The internal electrode is made of one or more materials and includes several subassemblies that can be joined by different methods (depending on the material), such as laser beam welding, vacuum welding, mechanical bonding, and the like. A screw is formed on the pin-end of the internal electrode for controlling the head by adjusting the washer and nut.

Depending on the order in which the electrodes are connected to the power supply poles, electrodes having different internal diameters may be used. For example, if the external electrode is connected to the negative pole of the power source and the internal electrode is connected to the positive pole of the power source, the length of the inner electrode center portion exceeds the length of the external electrode by a value of at least 2M and the internal electrode. Is installed in the cell symmetrically to the external electrode. When the outer electrode is connected to the positive pole of the power source and the inner electrode is connected to the negative pole of the power source, the length of the center portion of the inner electrode is less than or equal to the length of the outer electrode having a value of 2M and the inner electrode is the outer It is installed symmetrically on the electrode.

In order to maintain the correct concentricity of the electrode in the cell, different variables must be used to fasten the inner electrode to the axial head channel depending on the dimensions of the electrode.

If the length of the inner electrode exceeds the length of the outer electrode by a sufficient length, the axial head channel is included in the variable region and the central portion of the inner electrode having a large diameter has a slot in which the head on which the elastic gasket is placed has an axial channel. To form a joint. When the central portion of the inner electrode forms a slot joint having an axial channel with upper and lower heads, the elastic gasket lies inside the groove of the central portion of the inner electrode. If the inner electrode is fixed at the pin-end, the axial head channel is equal to the diameter of the end pin of the inner electrode; The elastic gasket is positioned in a groove on the pin-end of the inner electrode or on an axial head channel having a diameter equal to the diameter of the inner electrode pin-end and having an extension at the base; An elastic gasket is placed in the extension. In addition, the cell has a clamped insulating bushing placed in this extension.

These improvements will provide excellent cells with more advanced features. Using coaxial electrodes and diagrams and installing the electrodes in the insulating bushings and heads allows for an optimal hydraulic regime and simplifies cell assembly. There is no need to drill a hole in the inner cylindrical electrode, thus a more simplified manufacture is achieved. Since the head can be rotated and the outlet position can be defined, multiple cells are assembled together compactly in one device.

The present invention relates to acid-alkali properties, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and catalytic activity of water and / or aqueous solutions in treating water and / or aqueous solutions and electrochemically preparing different products by electrolysis of aqueous solutions. FIELD OF THE INVENTION It relates to the chemical arts which can be used for electrochemical regulation, in particular the field of electrochemical cells.

1 shows a cross section of an electrochemical cell of the invention.

2 shows a first embodiment of a structure for fixing an internal electrode in a concentrating head of an electrochemical cell of the invention.

3 shows a second embodiment of a structure for fixing an internal electrode in a concentrating head.

4 shows a third embodiment of a structure for fixing an internal electrode in a concentrating head.

5 shows a fourth embodiment of a structure for fixing an internal electrode in a concentrating head.

Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of the first diagram used in the electrochemical cell of the present invention.

7 shows a schematic of a second diagram used in the electrochemical cell of the invention.

8 shows a schematic diagram of a third diagram used in the electrochemical cell of the present invention.

9 shows a schematic of a fourth diagram used in the electrochemical cell of the present invention.

10 shows a schematic diagram of a fifth diagram used in the electrochemical cell of the present invention.

11 shows a schematic diagram of a sixth diagram used in the electrochemical cell of the present invention.

12 shows a schematic diagram of a seventh diagram used in the electrochemical cell of the present invention.

Figure 13 shows a schematic diagram of an eighth diagram used in the electrochemical cell of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, the electrochemical cell of the present invention is composed of a coaxial outer cylindrical electrode 1, an inner electrode 2, and a ceramic diagram 3 positioned between the cylindrical electrode and the inner electrode. The outer electrode 1 is very hermetically fixed between the lower insulating bushing 4 and the upper insulating bushing 5, each of which is supplied into and discharged from the chamber of the outer electrode and / or Or a channel for treating the aqueous solution. The channel reaches the side of the bushing and has a pipe connection. The lower insulating concentrating head 6 and the upper insulating concentrating head 7 have a channel supplied into the chamber of the internal electrode and processing water and / or an aqueous solution discharged from the chamber. The insulating concentrate heads 6, 7 are connected to the insulating bushings by slot joints. The head channels also reach the side of the bushing and have pipe connections. In addition, there are channels in the axial direction in the insulating concentration heads 6, 7. The pin ends of the inner electrode 2 enter the axial channel. The diagram 3 is sealed to the insulating concentrating head 6, 7 with gaskets 8, 9 respectively located in the slot joint between the bushing and the head. The inner electrode 2 is sealed by elastic gaskets 10 and 11. There are screws on the pin-end of the inner electrode to which the washers 12 and 13 and the nuts 14 and 15 are fixed. After positioning of the head, the battery is assembled and sealed by bolting the bushings and the washers 12 and 13 and the nuts 14 and 15 of the head together with the base of the external electrode 1.

The position and type of elastic gaskets 10 and 11 depend on the manufacture of the internal electrodes. When a slot joint is formed in the axial channel of the head 7 and in the middle section of the inner electrode (see FIG. 2), the seal 11 is located in the slot joint in which the diameters of the inner electrode 2 and the axial channel change. . In this case, the seal is uniformly loaded and reduces the risk of deformation. The seal 10 is similarly installed in the head 6.

When a slot joint is formed on the connecting diameter in the axial channel of the head 7 and in the middle section of the inner electrode 2, the top of the electrode 2 is provided with a groove for the seal 11 (see FIG. 3). The inner electrode 2 is a combination of the hollow cylinder 17 and the solid pin-end 18 as shown in FIG. 3.

If the diameter of the axial channel of the head 7 is equal to the diameter of the fin end of the inner electrode 2, a groove for the seal 11 is formed on the end (see FIG. 4); Or the head in the axial direction is wider at the base of the seal 11 positioning and adding the washers 16 (FIG. 5) (see FIG. 5).

A dark section is formed in the inner electrode. The pin end diameter of the electrode is about 0.75 times the diameter of the middle section of the electrode. This ratio provides optimum hydrodynamic specifications and allows the electrodes to be fixed on the head in a variety of ways with the elastic gasket being set up. The inner electrode consists of a solid cylinder or a hollow cylinder with a solid pin-end, thus providing the desired shape of the electrode. The method used in the joint may vary depending on the material applied. Either mechanical couplings or other types of couplings, such as vacuum welding or laser beam welding, can achieve durability and inductance. The use of hollow electrodes not only reduces the weight of the device and saves material, but also alters the conditions that form the surface charge of the electrode, which allows the operation to be carried out by current electrochemical methods. In addition, the internal electrode acts as a fine joint, because it is provided with threads at the pin ends of washers and nut settings that not only join the cells and provide a welded seal, but also hold the head in a given working position. .

The diaphragm is made of a ceramic material based on zirconium oxide and aluminum oxide and yttrium oxide as additives, which have high corrosion resistance to acids, alkalis, and corrosive gases, and have a long life and easy regeneration. Other additives allow for adjustment of the characteristics of the diaphragm surface and these other additives have a direct impact on the electrochemical process, which is important especially when the electrochemical cell is used to obtain any particular product. Diaphragms can be made of other materials for ultrafiltration, microfiltration or ultrafine filtration, depending on the problem to be solved.

The shape of the diaphragm, as well as how the diaphragm is installed, affects the working conditions of the cell compared to the treated water flow. The diaphragm can take many different forms.

As shown in Figs. 6 and 7, the diaphragm 3 may be a truncated cone with a cone value of 1: 100-1000, the thickness of the wall being 0.4 mm to 0.8 mm for the entire length and It can be installed in a large base part (Fig. 6) downward or a large base part (Fig. 7) upward.

As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the outer surface of the diaphragm 3 may be provided in a cylindrical shape and the inner surface of the diaphragm may be the cone 1 of the lower large base (FIG. 8) or the upper large base (FIG. 9). Can be provided as a cone with (100-1000). Alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the inner surface of the diaphragm 3 may be provided in a cylindrical shape and the inner surface of the diaphragm may be of the lower large base (FIG. 10) or the upper large base (FIG. 11). Cone value 1: can be provided as a cone with (100-1000). The wall thickness of the butt end is 0.4mm, the thickness of the other butt end is 0.7mm to 0.8mm, and the diaphragm is installed in the cell with the butt end being turned upside down or upside down.

As shown in Figs. 12 and 13, the outer and inner surfaces of the diaphragm 3 can also be made of truncated cones with a cone value of 1: (100-1000). Alternatively, the top of the cone may face the opposite side and the wall may have a thickness of 0.4 mm-0.5 mm at one butt end and 0.7 mm-0.8 mm at the other. The diaphragm is installed in a cell with a butt end that has a butt end with a thicker wall that is turned upside down (FIG. 12) or upside down (FIG. 13). The use of diaphragms with lower cone values does not produce different results compared to cylindrical diaphragms. When using diaphragms with higher cone values as well as increased wall thickness, it is necessary to change the size of the cell and increase the mutual electrode distance, which can increase power consumption for the electrochemical process. Lower wall thicknesses than mentioned above increase the brittleness of the diaphragm and decrease the life, making it more difficult to assemble and disassemble the cell. It is possible to control the electrochemical process by using diaphragms with variable profiles. For example, the diaphragm is installed in the cell in such a way that the cross-sectional area of the chamber is increased from the bottom to the top of the cell for the process of excessive release of gas. Optionally, the diaphragm is installed in the cell in such a way that the cross-sectional area of the chamber is reduced from the bottom to the top to increase gas filling at the top of the cell and reduce the strength of the electrochemical treatment of the solution in the last form of the cell. The gas discharge volumes in both chambers differ during processing using a diaphragm that provides a variable profile for only one chamber (one surface is conical and the other surface is cylindrical). In addition, such diaphragms (as well as diaphragms whose outer and inner surfaces are at the top of the cone and the cone are directed in opposite directions) can be used to treat solutions of different quality and capacity in the electrode chamber of the cell.

The inner and outer surfaces of the diaphragm can be made into a cylinder with a wall thickness of 0.4 mm-0.7 mm. This type of diaphragm is very effective for treating highly diluted solutions. The deviation from the morphologically correct surface of the diaphragm should not be greater than 0.05 mm in any placement on that surface. In addition, the conditions for creating a double electrical layer on the surface of the diaphragm are changed and the influence of the double electrical layer on the resistor of the diaphragm is also altered, resulting in poor quality of solution treatment due to uneven work along the surface.

The diaphragm is fixed by an elastic gasket disposed in the bushing groove to facilitate assembly coaxially.

In essence, the limitation of the diameter of the middle region of the inner electrode is influenced by the following correlation.

2M 〈D 〈4M

Where D = diameter of the middle region of the internal electrode (mm),

M = internal electrode distance in mm

The internal electrode distance should be 2.8mm-3.3mm. When reducing this distance, capillary action diminishes the effect of electrochemical treatment. When increasing this distance, power consumption is also increased and it is impossible to achieve mass and energy exchange self-organization processes.

It is also important that the length of the middle region of the inner electrode is shorter than the length of the outer electrode at a value of 2M or longer than the length of the outer electrode at a value of 2M or more. The length of the external electrode may vary from 50 mm to 240 mm, providing optimum gas filling of the processing liquid at any cell working condition.

The cross correlation of the inner and outer electrode sizes is determined by the polarity of the electrodes. If the outer electrode is polarized to the cathode of the power supply and the inner electrode is connected to the anode of the power supply, the length of the middle region of the inner electrode exceeds the length of the outer electrode at a value of 2M or less. If the outer electrode is connected to the anode of the power supply and the inner electrode is connected to the cathode of the power supply, the length of the middle portion of the inner electrode is less than or equal to 2M of the outer electrode. The inner electrode is mounted in the cell symmetrically to the outer electrode in any case. Such a design prevents the coating of the electrode from wearing instead of the high intensity electric field (on the field or pin-end of the field instead of changing the shape). Accurate internal electrode fastening is important for the effective operation of the cell. The fastening of internal electrodes in the head by elastic gaskets located in the axial head channel provides precise coaxiality with a relatively simple assembly. The design of the cell may differ from the requirement for electrode coaxiality. For example, if the length of the middle portion of the inner electrode exceeds the length of the outer electrode, the inner electrode should be made long enough to form a slot connection with an axial head channel. The elastic gasket is cold positioned at the slot connection. The axial channel of the head has a variable section. This provides coaxiality and prevents deformation of the elastic gasket. Optionally, the middle portion of the inner electrode forms a slot connection with axial channels of the upper and lower heads, after which an elastic gasket is located in the groove on the middle portion of the inner electrode. This design makes assembly easier. If the fastening of the inner electrode in the head is provided by the pin-end packing (if the middle part is smaller than the length of the outer electrode or the middle part is long but does not reach the position of the head), the diameter of the axial channel is equal to the inner electrode pin- Equal to the diameter of the end, the elastic gasket is located in a groove made on the surface of the inner electrode pin-end in the axial channel. Optionally, the diameter of the axial head channel is equal to the diameter of the pin-end of the inner electrode and the axial channel is widened at the end of the head allowing the elastic gasket and the additional clamp dielectric bushing.

Water is treated while flowing from the bottom to the top through the cell chamber. Treated water and / or solution flows individually through the electrode chamber of the cell.

The invention will be illustrated by the following examples which leave the possibility according to the invention.

Although not mentioned otherwise, ultrafiltration ceramic diaphragms (composition: zirconium oxide-60% mass percent, aluminum oxide-27% mass percent, yttrium oxide-3% mass percent) are used in all examples.

Example 1

It is a cell for disinfection of water. The external electrode is connected to the cathode of the power supply and made of polished titanium. The internal electrode is made of titanium coated with manganese oxide and is connected to the anode of the power supply. The length of the external electrode is 80 mm. The distance between the electrodes is 2.9 mm. The diameter of the middle portion of the inner electrode is 9.0 mm and the length of the middle portion is 86 mm. The diaphragm is a cylinder with a wall thickness of 0.5 mm along its entire length. The mineralization of the water to be treated is 0.5 g / l. The amount of microorganisms in the water to be treated is 10 ⁵ colonies in 1 ml. The mineralization of water remains the same after treatment, but the microorganisms are removed.

Conclusion: It is reasonable to use a cell with dimensions close to the minimum (as specified in the formula) for disinfection of water by portable devices in the field.

Example 2

Cell for preparing disinfectant. The external electrode is connected to the cathode of the power supply and is made of free carbon. The internal electrode is made of titanium coated with ruthenium oxide and is connected to the anode of the power supply. The length of the external electrode is 240 mm. The middle part of the inner electrode is 250 mm long. The diameter of the middle part is 10 mm. The distance between the electrodes is 3 mm. The diaphragm is a cylinder with a wall thickness of 0.6 mm.

The solution treated is sodium chloride with a concentration of 2 g / l. The flow rate of the solution to be treated was 30 l / hr through the anode chamber and 5 l / hr through the cathode chamber. As a result, two solutions with the following parameters were obtained.

Anode chamber output (anode): pH = 6.0, ORP = +800 mV

Cathode chamber output (catholyte): pH = 8.6, ORP = -600 mV

Power consumption is 0.95 kilowatt hours / cubic meter.

Example 3

The method for obtaining the disinfectant by the cell was treated under the same conditions as in Example 2, but the diaphragm was a truncated cone with a cone ratio value of 1: 500 and a wall thickness of 0.7 mm constant along the entire length of the diaphragm. Has The diaphragm was installed with a large base facing up. After the treatment, an anolyte solution of pH = 5.5, ORP = + 900 mV and a catholyte solution of pH = 8.0, ORP = −550 mV were obtained.

When the diaphragm was installed with the large base facing down, anolyte at pH = 6.3, ORP = +650 mV and catholyte at pH = 9.1, ORP = -730 mV were obtained.

Example 4

The method for obtaining the cleaning solution and disinfectant by the cell was treated under the same conditions as in Example 2, but the outer surface of the diaphragm was cylindrical and the inner surface of the diaphragm was 0.5 mm of the upper butt-end and 0.8 mm of the lower butt-. It is a cone with the wall thickness of the end. The width of the cathode chamber is constant throughout the cell, but the anode chamber widens at the top. The processing result is as follows. The pH of the anolyte is 5.6, the ORP is +900 mV, the pH of the catholyte is 8.7 and the ORP is -780 mV.

Example 5

A cell for obtaining chlorine (a mixture of chlorine and oxygen dominant oxidant) by electrolysis of sodium chloride water solution. The outer electrode is made of titanium coated with ruthenium oxide and is connected to the anode of the power supply. The inner electrode (cathode) is made of titanium and coated with pyrographite. The length of the external electrode is 240 mm. The length of the central portion of the inner electrode is 230 mm. The diameter at the center is 11 mm. The distance between the inner and outer electrodes is 3.1 mm. The diaphragm consists of a cylindrical part with a wall thickness of about 0.6 mm. A sodium chloride aqueous solution having a concentration of about 300 g / l flows into the positive electrode of the battery and is treated. About 0.5 g / l of water having mineralization flows into the cathode and is treated. These water and aqueous solutions are treated while flowing from the bottom to the top of the cell chamber. As a result, 10 liters of gas are provided. These gases contain 70% chlorine, 20% chloride dioxide, and 3% surplus (mixture). The conversion rate of chlorine through the cell is about 30%.

The output of the cathode chamber is hydroxide at pH 13 or so. Such a solution can be used for the production of galvanic cells and the like. These examples demonstrate that the cell according to the invention can be effectively used for the production of chlorides.

The present invention simplifies the shape of the cell, makes it possible to place any required amount of cells together in a small space, and not only simplifies the fastening system for the parts of the cell, but also provides a high degree of reliability, By eliminating the influence of the curved electric field in the space between the cells, the battery life is extended and the cell's function is extended to control the filling of the electrolyte in the electrolyte during the electrochemical treatment. In addition, the battery of the present invention can be effectively used for purifying and disinfecting water, providing a solution having predetermined characteristics, and producing a product by electrolyte of an aqueous solution.

Claims (18)

An electrochemical cell for treating water and / or aqueous solutions, 1) an inner electrode of a cylindrical vertically variable region having a central portion and a diameter of not more than 0.75 of the diameter of the central portion and having a pin end provided at each end of the central portion, 2) a cylindrical vertical outer electrode mounted around the inner electrode; 3) a coaxial ceramic diaphragm mounted in a separate space between the inner electrode and the outer electrode in the electrode chamber of the battery and made of a base composition of zirconium, aluminum, and yttrium oxide, The inner and outer electrodes are made of a material that does not melt during electrolysis, the outer electrodes are provided in upper and lower dielectric bushings, and slots are provided on the contact ends of the upper and lower bushings, respectively, and the inner and outer electrodes are All of which are connected to the positive and negative poles of the power source, the battery further comprises upper and lower dielectric collector heads each having an axial channel, each of the upper and lower dielectric collector heads being rotatably mounted in a slot of the bushing, The diaphragm is fastened by an elastic gasket installed in the bushing slot, and the diameter of the central portion of the inner electrode is defined by the following formula, 2M D 4M Where D is the diameter of the central portion of the internal electrode in mm M is the distance (mm) between the inner and outer electrodes, The length of the center portion of the inner electrode is shorter than the length of the outer electrode (2M) or longer than the length of the outer electrode (2M or more), and the inner electrode is formed by the elastic gasket provided in the axial head channel. And a channel for supplying the treated water and / or the treated solution, the upper and lower heads and the upper and lower bushings introduced or discharged from the chambers of the inner and outer electrodes, respectively. The battery according to claim 1, wherein the external electrode has a length of 50 to 240 mm and a distance between the internal and external electrodes is about 2.8 mm to 3.3 mm. The battery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bushing and the head channel extend to the side and have a pipe connection. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the diaphragm is added with niobium, tantalum, titanium, gallium, and hafnium oxide to a base composition selected from the group consisting essentially of zirconium, aluminum, and yttrium oxide. A battery comprising: a ceramic having a formulated composition. The battery according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the diaphragm is composed of ultra filtration, micro filtration, or nano filtration. 6. The diaphragm according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the diaphragm is a truncated cone having a cone ratio of 1: (100 to 1000) and has a wall thickness of 0.4 mm to 0.8 mm along the length of the cone. The battery is characterized in that the large base is installed in the battery facing downwards or upwards. 6. The diaphragm according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the outer surface of the diaphragm is cylindrical, and the inner surface is configured as a cone having a cone ratio of 1: (100 to 1000), and at the first boot-end. The wall thickness of is 0.4mm to 0.5mm, the wall thickness of the second boot-end is 0.7mm to 0.8mm, and the diaphragm is in a cell having a boot-end having a thick wall which rotates downward or upward. The battery characterized by being installed. 6. The diaphragm of claim 1, wherein the outer and inner surfaces of the diaphragm are each composed of cones having a cone ratio of 1: (100 to 1000), and the tops of the cones are located at opposite ends. The wall thickness of the first boot-end is 0.4 mm to 0.5 mm, the wall thickness of the second boot-end is 0.7 mm to 0.8 mm, and the diaphragm is a boot-end having a thick wall that rotates downward or upward. A battery, characterized in that installed in the battery having a. The battery according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the inner and outer surfaces of the diaphragm are cylindrical having a wall thickness of 0.4 mm to 0.7 mm. 10. A battery according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the deflection from the geometrically corrected plane is 0.05 mm or less at any position along the length of the diaphragm. The battery according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the internal electrode is solid or hollow inside. 12. A battery according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein screws, pressure washers and nuts on the pin ends of the internal electrodes are used for fixing. 13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the outer electrode is connected to the cathode of the power supply, the inner electrode is connected to the anode of the power supply, and the inner electrode has a length of the intermediate fragment having a large diameter. And the length of the outer electrode is greater than twice the distance between the electrodes, wherein the inner electrode is installed in the cell symmetrically with the outer electrode. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the outer electrode is connected to the anode of the power source, the inner electrode is connected to the cathode of the power source, and the inner electrode has a length of the intermediate fragment thereof having a large diameter. The battery is configured to be smaller than the length of the external electrode to a value equal to twice the length of the distance between the electrodes, wherein the internal electrode is installed in the cell symmetrically with the external electrode. 14. The slot according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the axial head channel has a variable piece, the intermediate piece of the inner electrode forms a slot joint with the axial head channel, and an elastic gasket is formed with the slot joint. The battery, characterized in that installed in. 14. The axial head channel according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the axial head channel has a variable fragment, the intermediate portion of the inner electrode forms a slot joint with the axial head channel, and the intermediate fragment of the inner electrode is And a slot joint with the axial head channel, wherein a surface of the inner electrode has grooves formed at a lower portion and an upper portion of an intermediate end having a large diameter. 15. The method of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the diameter of the axial head channel is equal to the diameter of the inner electrode pin end, and a groove is formed on the surface of the inner electrode pin end, and the elastic gasket is A battery, characterized in that installed in the groove. 18. The method of any one of claims 1 to 14 or 17, wherein the diameter of the axial head channel is equal to the diameter of the inner electrode pin end, and the axial head channel is at the boot-end of the head. A battery further characterized in that an elastic gasket is installed in these extensions and the cell has a dielectric bushing securely fixed to these extensions.