KR19980701776A - Non-toxic bullet - Google Patents

Abstract

A non-toxic bullet 25 having a generally smooth circumferential surface, which is mainly made of zinc, the rear portion 26 is cylindrical and the front portion 27 is tapered inwardly and forwardly. When used in a simple caseless form or completely enclosed in nylon or using electroplated copper casing, it functions as an inexpensive, non-toxic training bullet.

When the core and the copper casing 59 surrounding the rear end face and the nose 58 are used in combination, the non-toxic bullet of the present invention meets the requirements of the non-toxic non-destructive bullet.

When the bullet is used as a core with the rear end attached in the open end of the cup-shaped copper casing, it works well as a nontoxic nondestructive bullet. Under the ultimate formal definition of the terms destroyed and nondestructive, copper-incased bullets will be able to meet the requirements for both destructive and nondestructive bullets.

If the core is assembled at the rear part to the back and attached within the same type of cup copper casing, it will perform an improved function as a breaking bullet.

Description

Non-toxic bullet

Recently, there has been an increased need for developing non-toxic bullets having weight bearing properties such as those classified as frangible or non-frangible bullets.

After the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) shot a 3 / 8-inch steel sheet at an appropriate angle, it declared this requirement as a bullet that destroyed less than 15% of its weight. After shooting such steel sheet at an appropriate angle, a bullet having at least 75% of its weight was defined as a non-destructive bullet.

Recently, the FBI has shown that these regulations can be reconsidered in order to raise the destructive petition limit and reduce the nondestructive bullet limit. Perhaps a single bullet is devised that satisfies the following conditions for both destructive and nondestructive bullets.

However, there is still a need for bullets that are destroyed and non-toxic when impacting a target such as the steel sheet described above.

Historically, bullets have been produced from lead or a combination of lead and copper. These materials have various properties and properties suitable for the manufacture and use of bullets. Such desirable properties are low cost, drawability, low casting temperature and annealing temperature and high density.

Recently, the growth of the munitions market has resulted in the demand for products with functional requirements that cannot be met through the use of lead or copper casings / lead core bullets. The new requirement is that bullets should not contain any toxic or heavy metals. In addition, the new bullets have a limited area compared to copper casings / lead core bullets.

Many munitions manufacturers have suggested two possible solutions to this need. Solid copper bullets have been proposed to meet nondestructive requirements. In addition, plastic / bronze powders that have been mixed and molded into bullets to satisfy fracture bullet requirements have been proposed.

Such plastic breaking bullets are not satisfactory because the materials are very expensive and their density is so low that the bullets cannot perform a reliable function as a self-loading firearm.

The copper shells proposed above are unsatisfactory because the copper raw material is relatively expensive, difficult to process, harder than Gritanpi / lead-core bullets, and causes a very low rate for the given pressure generated by the propellant. Can not do it. Thus, there is much room for development for solid copper bullets to be desirable.

To the knowledge of the present inventors, the only prior art using zinc as the main raw material of the bullet is disclosed in British Patent No. 27342, patented by Hookham on December 1, 1906. The patent discloses that a cover of cupro-nickel is provided in a groove formed on the circumferential surface of the core in a low specific gravity core such as zinc.

This serves two purposes: to prevent the entry of gas between the core and the cover and to use a metal stronger than lead to attach the barrel. Moreover, the rear end of such a bullet consists of a slug of lead with a non-uniform diameter of the circumferential surface. Thus, the bullet disclosed in the above-mentioned British patent is toxic, has a rough circumferential surface, is not uniform in diameter over its rear end, and approximately one quarter consists of lead.

US Patent No. 4,811,966 discloses a solid bullet consisting of approximately 61.5% copper, 35% zinc, 3% lead and 0.5% tin. The high copper content makes the raw material expensive and imparts the opposite of the above. It is designed to enhance and increase penetration. This tends to be non-expandable and therefore classified as nondestructive. U.S. Patent No. 5,208,424 discloses a bullet point shell casing made of lead or lead alloy and having an extension of the casing in the hollow opening in front of the bullet. A plurality of radial slits are formed in the shell portion extending to the hollow end in front of the bullet. A reinforced pointed prong is disposed between the slits and extends into the opening extending axially back beyond the prong. This patent does not describe any use of zinc in the bullet.

U. S. Patent No. 5,164, 533 discloses a method for assembling a bullet that is fired into a flower fire. It has an easy-to-fire nose, a penetrator core and a very explosive and integral casing. Penetrator core 14 is formed of a tungsten alloy. This patent does not disclose any use of zinc.

U.S. Patent No. 4,685,397 discloses a hunting bullet which has a hollow nose and does not contain lead and plastic, which is broken into a tongue or petal when the bullet hits the target. A cap with wedge-shaped protrusions moving backwards to make it possible. Since bullets do not contain lead or plastic, they maintain their own weight and prevent foreign bodies from entering the body of the hunted animal. The body of the bullet is made of tombac, copper and the like. There is no disclosure of the use of zinc in the manufacture here either.

U.S. Patent No. 4,610,061 discloses a hollow nose bullet formed of lead having a cup-shaped aluminum casing, a lead opening end bent inward past the hollow region of the lead core. The casing becomes vulnerable to the nose of the bullet to facilitate the destruction of the bullet. This patent does not disclose any materials other than lead that should be used in the core.

US Pat. No. 4,503,777 discloses a semi-jacked shape bullet in which a small portion of the core extends through a hole in the bottom of the casing and forms a radially outwardly extending flange that secures the core to the casing. The core is made of a flexible material such as lead, and the casing is made of a relatively hard material such as copper, brass, zinc, or a bullet plating material, and is preferably a bullet plating material. This patent does not disclose the use of zinc as a core raw material at all.

The above patents were developed in a study suggesting some proposal to use zinc as the main core material for bullets. The only patent involving this proposal is British Patent 27342, which suggests that if the core is made of zinc, its outer surface must be grooved to take advantage of the rifle's rifle's rifle from reflecting. . The patent states that special treatment is required to be able to be used as a rifle bullet core. This special treatment was defined as cutting grooves on the circumferential surface of the zinc core. The purpose is always the same. That is, to reduce the surface of the metal to be compressed by rifleing. The patent also discloses a base of a core having a plug or a plug of lead deeply embedded in the cover, which prevents gas from entering the core and the cover and makes it difficult for the base of the installed bullet to come in contact with zinc. Or have an effect that makes it impossible.

In recent years, the use of non-toxic bullets has been recognized as desirable, if only possible to develop, and its need has been required. At present, non-toxic bullets, which can be produced at a reasonable cost, have not been commercialized or even proposed. Since both zinc and copper are non-toxic, embodiments of the present invention will first be described below to satisfy this need. In addition to this, it can be produced at a relatively low cost, and a bullet having a restricted area is required. In particular, this feature is desirable as a training bullet.

At least one or more preferred embodiments of the present invention will satisfy this condition.

The present invention relates to non-toxic bullets.

1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a conventional cartridge showing the prior art.

Figure 2 is a side view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention showing the bullet shape and smooth circumferential surface of the portion to be broken.

3 is a plan view of the front end of the bullet shown in FIG.

4 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the bullet of FIG. 2 installed in a conventional cartridge casing.

5 is a partial cross-sectional view of the bullet of FIG. 2 surrounded by a nylon casing;

6 is a partial cross-sectional view of the bullet of FIG. 2 surrounded by an electroplated copper casing.

7 is a partial cross-sectional view of another preferred embodiment of the present invention having a rear end enclosed in a cup-shaped copper casing.

8 is a partial cross-sectional view of the bullet shown in FIG. 7 installed in a conventional cartridge casing.

9 is a partial cross-sectional view of another preferred embodiment of the present invention having a weak portion at its rear end to induce breakage, enclosed in a cup-shaped copper casing;

10 is a partial cross-sectional view of the bullet shown in FIG. 9 installed in a conventional casing.

11 is a plan view of the rear end of the core of the bullet shown in FIG. 9, showing a weakness provided to induce breakage;

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the bullet shown in FIG. 9 showing its brittleness after shooting a 3/8 inch steel sheet; FIG.

Figure 13 is a partial cross-sectional view of another preferred form of the present invention having a nose of a core that is nondestructive and completely enclosed in copper, wherein only the rear end of the core is enclosed.

14 is a partial cross-sectional view of the bullet of FIG. 13 installed in a conventional copper cartridge casing.

15 is a plan view of the rear end of the bullet shown in FIGS. 13 and 14;

In the simplest embodiment, the basic configuration of non-toxic bullets made of metal slugs is made of zinc as the main raw material, has a normal cylindrical back and an inwardly tapered front and an overall smooth cylindrical surface.

In a further preferred form, the nontoxic bullets of the present invention may be possible as nontoxic destructive or nontoxic destructive bullets (as already defined) with only minor modifications in their structure. In this bullet, we use zinc slug as the core and surround the rear end of the slug in the cup-shaped copper casing. In the case of a destructive bullet, we also make the rear part of the slug vulnerable. In at least one or more preferred embodiments, the non-toxic bullets of the present invention can satisfy both the conditions of destructive and nondestructive bullets.

Thus, when used as a core in cup-shaped copper casings, it will approach the current defined lower limit of non-destructive bullets without sacrificing the weight-bearing properties of zinc slugs and will fully meet the conditions of future FBI.

In each preferred embodiment, the core of the bullet consists of at least 94% zinc. In the simplest embodiment, the non-toxic bullet of the present invention is in casing-free form and has the function of a training bullet. These bullets are cheaper to produce.

Embodiments of the present invention can be made using (1) processing techniques, (2) die-cast techniques, or (3) cold forming techniques. The proportion of alloys containing zinc in each preferred embodiment depends on the manufacturing technique used. This is because zinc is a relatively hard material and some manufacturing techniques are more or less suitable for soft raw materials.

In addition, each implementation of the present invention satisfies the need for a bullet with sufficient weight to be able to function as a gas or recoil operated autoloader. Plastic bullets are too light for such firearms to perform satisfactorily. With similar metals, copper-too expensive for this purpose. Therefore, it is highly desirable to use for non-toxic training compared to other manufactured bullets.

1 shows a conventional cartridge indicated by reference numeral 16. As shown, it consists of a brass cartridge casing 17 having an opening 18 bent inward around the lead column 19. The casing 17 accommodates the supply of the primer 21 and the adjacent propellant 22, which are respectively foamed. The brass casing also used in the embodiment of the present invention is very similar to the casing 16 as shown and described, and may therefore be given the same reference numeral.

2-4 are the simplest forms of the invention, all of which consist solely of slug 25 or are mainly made of zinc and tapered inward toward the cylindrical rear end 26 and the front end 28. Characterized by the front portion (27). The front end 28 and the rear end 29 extend radially parallel. The bullet 25 is characterized by the fact that it is entirely made of zinc and that the casing is not casing, and the rear portion thereof is cylindrical in shape and has a smooth outer surface as a whole. Similarly, the inwardly tapered front end 27 has a smooth outer surface. The rear portion 26 and the front portion 27 are formed symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the bullet.

As shown, the bullet 25 terminates at a radius of 0.04 inches at 30. The total length of the bullet is 0.626 ± 0.003 inches. The length of the front end 27 is 0.316 ± 0.003 inches. The diameter of the front end is 0.2207 inches. The outer surface of the front end 27 is tapered at an angle of approximately 24 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the bullet. The slight inclination 31 at the rear end of the bullet has an axial length of 0.015 ± 0.005 inches and an inclination angle of 45 °.

In the present invention, the die-cast zinc alloy used in the example is # 3 (A.K. A.ZAMACK # 3). In addition, the present inventors also used zinc # 302 without alloy. Composition ratios of these alloys are described in detail in alloys suitable for reference books such as the Metals Handbook (1985 edition, American Society for Metals, Metals Parts, Ohio 44073). The taper angle of the front end of the bullet shown in FIG. 2 is 24 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the bullet.

FIG. 4 shows the bullet 25 of FIG. 2 attached to a conventional brass cartridge casing 16 having a conventional primer 21 and a charge 22. The inventors have found that the cartridge 25 of this cartridge has a weight-bearing property of about 45-65%. Therefore, it is cheaper than conventional training bullets in that the cost for the casing surrounding the bullet is eliminated, and is an ideal training bullet.

FIG. 5 shows a bullet such as the one shown in FIG. 2 surrounded by plastic as a core member. This core 32 has the same structure as the member 25 of FIG. 2 and is completely enclosed in the nylon sheath 33. In addition, this structure has a very good function as a training bullet. Cores are classified as very high grades as training bullets because they are surrounded by relatively inexpensive nylon and have excellent functionality when used for training. It also has a weight-bearing property of about 45-65%. When a training bullet is used, the bullet is attached in the same way in the casing as shown in FIG.

6 is a third form of the bullet 34, which is likewise designed for use as a training bullet. As shown, the core 35 is the same as the bullet 25 shown in FIG. The core 35 is completely cased by electroplating or chemical plating with a lid 36 formed of copper. This cover is very thin. The production cost of these bullets is relatively inexpensive and the weight-bearing property is about 45-65%, which makes them highly desirable for use as training bullets. Of course, when used, it is attached to the opening of the brass cartridge casing as shown in FIG.

7-8 illustrate another preferred embodiment of the present invention, all of which are zinc or predominantly zinc, with the core 37 attached within the open end of the cup copper casing 38.

The core 37 is the same as the core 25 shown in Fig. 2, the rear end of which is cylindrical and the entire circumferential surface of the core is smooth.

When making the bullet, indicated at 39, the cup copper casing 38 is cylindrical and has a closed bottom and opening. The core 37 is inserted into the casing 38, so that the rear end abuts the bottom of the casing 38, and then the top of the casing is bent inward around the tapered front 40 into the core. . The portion 40 denotes an intermediate circumferential name 40a parallel to the circumferential surface of the cylindrical rear portion of the core, but extends slightly in the axial direction. The upper part of the casing bends inward and bends about and around this face 40a. As shown, the front end 41 of the core 37 is parallel to its rear end and the bottom wall of the casing 38 and disposed forwardly past the opening of the casing.

8 is attached in the same cartridge casing 42 as the cartridge casing shown in FIG. Corresponding primer stock 43 and charge 44 are provided. When foaming, the bullet 39 has a weight-bearing property of 45-65%. This bullet has the infinite potential to be classified as a non-destructive bullet if the lower limit is lowered as the FBI announced.

9 shows another preferred form of a bullet 45 according to the invention, having a zinc or predominantly zinc core 46, a cylindrical rear end and an inwardly tapered front portion, having a smooth circumferential surface, In addition, as shown in Fig. 11, a weak part is present on its rear end surface. As shown in FIG. 11, a pair of cross grooves 47 are formed at the rear end of the zinc core 46. These grooves 47 extend perpendicular to each other and have a depth of about 0.250 inches and a width of about 0.010 inches. As best seen in FIG. 9, the front end 48 of the bullet 45 is tapered inward and the nose is slightly rounded. The angle of the taper with respect to the longitudinal axis is about 24 degrees.

As shown, the rear end of the zinc core 46 is completely enclosed in the cup-shaped copper casing 49. This copper casing has a cylindrical, smooth circumferential surface, a closed bottom and an opening in which the core 46 is disposed, as shown in Figs. 7-8. Then, the opening of the casing is bent inward to cover the rear end of the tapered portion 48 inward of the core front.

FIG. 10 shows the bullet 45 of FIG. 9 attached within the same copper cartridge casing 50 as the casing 16 shown in FIG. 4 and comprising a primer 51 and a charge 52. When firing, the impact of the bullet impacting the target makes the nose's nose part like a mushroom.

At the same time, as shown in FIG. 12, the weak part defined by the groove 47 at the rear end of the core 46 makes the bullet into pieces so that they are separated from each other. In addition, the annular disk 53 constituting the bottom wall of the copper casing 49 is separated from the cylindrical wall of the casing and is not cut. The weight-bearing properties of this bullet are about 15-35%. Therefore, this bullet is classified as a very good fracture bullet when it is fired on a steel sheet of 3/8.

It is also classified as a satisfactory training bullet.

13-15 show the core 55 according to the invention, which is composed mainly of zinc, as in all other embodiments. In each form, the slug or core consists of at least 94% zinc and the remaining 1-6% consist of non-toxic metal alloys.

As shown, the rear portion 56 of the core 55 is cylindrical and taper inwards at an angle of about 24 ° relative to the longitudinal axis of the core toward the front portion. As shown, the outer circumferential surface of the core is smooth.

As shown in FIG. 13, the nose 58 of the front extension 57 and each of the front and inward tapered portion 57 and the cylindrical rear portion 56 are completely enclosed in a copper casing 59. The casing 59 is such a depth that the rear opening end of the casing 59 extends slightly past the rear end 60 of the core 56 when the core 55 is disposed therein. Then, the opening 61 of the casing 59 is bent inward to safely retain the core 55 in the casing 59, as shown in FIG. Bend inward around the rear end of the core 55, the portion that does not cover the whole is indicated by 61.

FIG. 14 shows the bullet shown in FIG. 13 attached in the opening 63 of the conventional brass cartridge casing 64. FIG. As shown, the casing 64 includes a primer mixture 65 and a charge 66. When firing, the bullet 55 hits the target and holds 60-80% of the weight. In the embodiment of the present invention, the entire nose of the core is enclosed in the copper casing 59, which protects it from dismantling itself and disappearing almost, but not damaging the core. Thus, this embodiment meets the requirements of toxic, unbreakable bullets. It can also be used as a non-toxic training bullet because it can be made relatively inexpensively.

From the foregoing, it can be seen that Applicants have developed, in various embodiments, non-toxic bullets that meet the requirements for non-toxic destructive or non-destructive bullets.

Applicants have also developed non-toxic bullets that are highly suitable as training bullets.

Each embodiment includes the basic invention of a bullet having a core made of 100% zinc or 94% zinc, with a cylindrical rear portion and an inwardly tapered front portion (the outer surface of each of which is smooth). It features.

Base structures that do not require a casing are suitable as training bullets and are highly preferred. Other embodiments include the use of non-toxic core-encasing materials. Depending on the manner and area in which the casing is applied to the core (which is the basis of the invention), the resulting bullet is suitable to be used as a training bullet or bill breaking bullet or a breaking bullet, which is the percentage of weight held by the bullet in the collision. Depends on The degree of this retention is determined by the nature and manner of application of the casing to the core member.

As mentioned above, an additional advantage of the above embodiments is that they can be manufactured relatively inexpensively. The manufacture can be accomplished using any one of die casting, machining and cold forming techniques.

In view of the present invention, the disclosure of the present invention is merely exemplary, the scope of which should be determined by the claims.

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Claims (35)

As a non-toxic bullet, A slug member having a cylindrical rear portion and an inwardly tapered front portion having a smooth circumferential surface over its length, The slug member is non-toxic bullet, characterized in that mainly consisting of zinc. The non-toxic bullet according to claim 1, wherein the rear portion of the slug member is uniform in overall diameter. 2. The non-toxic bullet of claim 1, wherein the rear portion of the slug member is uniform in diameter and extends over half the length of the slug member. 2. The non-toxic bullet of claim 1, wherein the slug member is constructed and arranged to hold 45 to 65 percent of its weight after striking a 3/8 inch thick steel plate at 1200 feet per second. 2. The non-toxic bullet of claim 1, wherein the slug member is free of metal encasing structure. The non-toxic bullet according to claim 1, wherein the slug member is composed of a pure zinc product. The non-toxic bullet according to claim 1, wherein the slug member is composed of 94% or more zinc. The method of claim 1, (c) a metal cartridge casing having a head, a rim, a body, and an opening; (d) a primer compound adjacent the rim portion and abutting against the head portion, (e) a propellant that is located in the body in close contact with the primer compound, (f) The slug member is secured in a metal casing, the cylindrical portion of which is disposed in the opening of the casing, the tapered portion of which extends forward with respect to the casing. 2. The non-toxic bullet of claim 1, wherein the slug member is surrounded by full nylon. 2. The non-toxic bullet of claim 1, wherein the slug member is free of metal encasing structure. 2. The non-toxic bullet of claim 1, wherein the slug member is arranged to retain 45-65% of its weight when it hits the target. The non-toxic bullet of claim 1, wherein the slug member is completely surrounded by copper. As a non-toxic bullet, (a) a cylindrical casing, mainly of copper, having a closed rear end and an open front end; (b) a core member secured within said casing and extending beyond its front end, And wherein said core member is primarily made of zinc and has a cylindrical rear portion, a tapered front portion inwardly, and a smooth circumferential surface. 15. The non-toxic bullet of claim 13, wherein the front end of the casing terminates near the front of the core member. 15. The non-toxic bullet of claim 13, wherein the front end of the casing bends inwardly about the inwardly tapered front portion of the core member. 14. The non-toxic bullet of claim 13, wherein the core member is cylindrical in shape throughout its length. 14. The non-toxic bullet according to claim 13, wherein the rear portion of the core member has a weak portion formed to allow partial fragment separation in the event of a collision. 14. The non-toxic bullet of claim 13, wherein the core member has a parallel rear end and a nose surface. 15. The non-toxic bullet of claim 13, wherein the core member has an intermediate circumferential surface disposed in its tapered front portion and extending axially in parallel to the rear portion. 14. The core member of claim 13 wherein the core member has an axially extending intermediate circumferential surface disposed within its tapered front portion extending in parallel to the cylindrical rear portion, wherein the front end of the casing is an intermediate circumferential surface of the core member. Non-toxic bullet, characterized in that the abutment. 14. The non-toxic bullet of claim 13, wherein said core member is comprised of at least 94% zinc. The method of claim 13, (c) a metal cartridge casing having a head, a rim, a body, and an opening; (d) a primer compound adjacent the rim portion and abutting against the head portion, (e) an agent placed in the body in close contact with the primer compound, And the cylindrical casing and the core member are secured in close contact within the opening of the metal cartridge casing and extend forwardly therefrom. 23. The non-toxic bullet of claim 22, wherein the core member portion extending beyond the front end of the cartridge casing is tapered inward as a whole. 14. The non-toxic bullet of claim 13, wherein the core member has a rear end that is structurally fragile such that it easily breaks upon hitting a target. 15. The non-toxic bullet of claim 13, wherein the core member includes a plurality of separate debris that are separated from each other and enclosed within the casing when they strike a target. 14. The non-toxic bullet according to claim 13, wherein the core member has a rear end composed of a plurality of weak parts which are separated from each other when they hit the target and are enclosed within the rear part of the casing. 15. The non-toxic bullet of claim 13, wherein the core member and the casing are constructed and arranged to retain 45% of its weight when striking the target. 15. The non-toxic bullet of claim 13, wherein the core member and the casing have weight retention characteristics such that the core member retains 15 to 35% of its weight when it strikes the target. For non-toxic bullets, (a) a cylindrical casing consisting mainly of copper, (b) a core member fixed in said casing and predominantly made of zinc, having a cylindrical rear portion, an inwardly tapered front portion, a rear portion and a circumferential surface over its length, and (c) the casing encloses a major portion of the front portion and the circumferential surface in close contact and extends backward through the core member and extends through at least a portion of the rear end portion of the core. 30. The non-toxic bullet of claim 29, wherein the casing extends radially inwardly across the rear end of the core member. 30. The non-toxic bullet of claim 29, wherein the casing completely surrounds the tapered front portion. 30. The non-toxic bullet of claim 29, wherein the casing surrounds the entire outer surface of the core member except at the center of the rear end of the core member. 30. The non-toxic bullet of claim 29, wherein the casing has a rear end terminal that bends over the rear end of the core member. The method of claim 29, (c) a brass cartridge casing having a head, a rim, a body, and an opening; (d) a primer compound disposed on the rim and in contact with the head; (e) an agent disposed in the body portion closely to the primer compound, And wherein said core member is secured within said cartridge casing and said cylindrical portion is disposed in an opening of said cartridge casing, said core member having said tapered front portion extending forward with respect to said cartridge casing portion. 30. The non-toxic bullet of claim 29, wherein the core member and the casing have weight retention characteristics such that the core member retains 60 to 80% of its weight when it strikes the target.