KR19980076556A - Recovery of valuable metals from diamond tool scrap - Google Patents

Recovery of valuable metals from diamond tool scrap Download PDF

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KR19980076556A
KR19980076556A KR1019970013311A KR19970013311A KR19980076556A KR 19980076556 A KR19980076556 A KR 19980076556A KR 1019970013311 A KR1019970013311 A KR 1019970013311A KR 19970013311 A KR19970013311 A KR 19970013311A KR 19980076556 A KR19980076556 A KR 19980076556A
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cobalt
nickel
organic solvent
acid
copper
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KR1019970013311A
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KR100220976B1 (en
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김병남
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김병남
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/04Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
    • C22B3/16Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in organic solutions
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

본 발명은 다이아몬드 공구 제조시 발생되는 스크랩 또는 사용후 다이아몬드 공구에서 떼어낸 톱날을 모아 이를 화학적으로 처리함으로서 이중에 함유된 코발트, 니켈, 동 성분을 효과적으로 분리 회수하는 방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for effectively separating and recovering cobalt, nickel, and copper components contained in a double by collecting and chemically treating a saw blade generated from a diamond tool after use or a scrap generated from a diamond tool.

종전에는 다이아몬드 공구 스크랩을 산에 녹인 다음 그 중에 함유된 인조 다이아몬드, 은, 코발트 성분만 회수하고 나머지는 폐기하였으나 본 발명은 니켈과 동의 함량이 점점 높아짐에 따라 이들을 분리 회수하여 자원으로서 재활용하고 코발트의 회수율을 높여주는데 그 목적이 있다.Previously, diamond tool scraps were dissolved in acid, and only the artificial diamond, silver, and cobalt components contained therein were recovered, and the rest were discarded. However, the present invention separates and recovers them as a resource as nickel and copper contents increase and recycle them as resources. The purpose is to increase the recovery rate.

본 발명의 구성은 스크랩의 침출공정, 코발트 분리공정, 1차 유기용매 추출공정, 2차 유기 용매 추출공정, 니켈회수공정, 동회수공정 및 동회수 후 얻은 코발트 수용액을 1차 유기용매 추출공정으로 재순환시켜 코발트의 회수율을 높여주는 공정등으로 구분할 수 있으며 이들 각 공정을 결합시켜 다이아몬드 공구스크랩으로부터 다이아몬드, 은, 코발트, 니켈 성분을 효과적으로 회수하는 방법에 관한 것이다.The composition of the present invention is the leaching process, the cobalt separation process, the first organic solvent extraction process, the second organic solvent extraction process, the nickel recovery process, the copper recovery process and the cobalt aqueous solution obtained after the copper recovery to the primary organic solvent extraction process The present invention relates to a process for increasing the recovery rate of cobalt by recycling, and to a method for effectively recovering diamond, silver, cobalt and nickel components from diamond tool scraps by combining these processes.

즉, 다이아몬드 공구 스크랩 용해액을 알카리로 중화하여 철, 동, 주석 등의 금속이온을 금속의 수산화물로 침전 분리시키고 얻은 여액을 디-2-에틸 헥실 인산과 2-하이드록시-5-노닐아세토페논옥심을 케로신에 혼합한 유기용매를 이용하여 코발트, 니켈 이외의 금속성분은 용매상으로 추출시킨 후 황산과 염산의 혼산으로 탈거하고 나머지 코발트 및 니켈을 함유하고 있는 수용액을 2-에틸헥실아인산 모노-2-에틸헥실에스텔을 케로신에 희석한 유기용매와 접촉시켜 코발트 성분말을 무기산탈거제로 탈거하여 코발트 성분을 코발트무기산염으로 회수하고 상기 유기용매 추출잔액(Raffinate) 알카리를 가하여 니켈성분을 수산화니켈의 침전으로 분리회수하여 다이아몬드 공구스크랩으로 부터 코발트, 니켈, 동 성분을 회수하는 방법과 상기한 유기용매 추출잔액으로 부터 니켈성분을 분리 회수하는 방법과 다이몬드 공구스크랩 용해액을 중화시켜서 얻은 침전물의 여과케이크를 물에 풀고 그 여액을 중화하여 동성분을 분리 회수하는 방법과 상기한 동을 회수한 여액으로부터 얻은 코발트 수용액을 1차 여기용매 추출공정에 재순환시켜 코발트의 회수율을 높여주는 방법으로 구성된다.That is, the diamond tool scrap solution was neutralized with alkali to precipitate and separate metal ions such as iron, copper, and tin with hydroxides of metals, and the filtrate was separated with di-2-ethylhexyl phosphate and 2-hydroxy-5-nonylacetophenone. Using an organic solvent mixed with oxime and kerosene, metal components other than cobalt and nickel are extracted in a solvent phase, and then stripped with a mixed acid of sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, and the remaining aqueous solution containing cobalt and nickel is 2-ethylhexyl phosphate mono -2-ethylhexyl ester was contacted with an organic solvent diluted in kerosene, the cobalt component powder was removed with an inorganic acid stripping agent, and the cobalt component was recovered as a cobalt inorganic acid salt, and the organic solvent extracted residue (Raffinate) was added to hydroxide the nickel component. A method for recovering cobalt, nickel and copper components from diamond tool scraps by separate recovery by sedimentation of nickel and extracting the above organic solvents The method for separating and recovering the nickel component from the residue and the method for separating and recovering the copper component by dissolving the filter cake of the precipitate obtained by neutralizing the diamond tool scrap dissolving solution in water and neutralizing the filtrate and the filtrate obtained from the recovered filtrate The cobalt aqueous solution is recycled to the primary excitation solvent extraction process to increase the recovery of cobalt.

Description

다이아몬드 공구스크랩으로부터 유가금속의 회수방법Recovery of valuable metals from diamond tool scrap

도 1은 본 발명의 공정을 나타내는 도면이다.1 is a view showing the process of the present invention.

본 발명은 다이아몬드 공구(工具)스크랩으로부터 유가금속(有價金屬)을 회수하는 방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for recovering valuable metals from diamond tool scraps.

본 발명에서 다이아몬드 공구란 인조 다이아몬드를 코발트, 구리, 철, 니켈 등의 금속 분말과 함께 혼합하여 이를 분말 야금법으로 성형 소성한 후 석재 절단용이나 아스팔트, 콘크리트 절단용 날(刃)로 사용하는 톱류를 말한다.In the present invention, the diamond tool is a sawdust for mixing artificial diamond with metal powders such as cobalt, copper, iron and nickel, and molding and firing it by powder metallurgy for stone cutting, asphalt or concrete cutting blades. Say.

본 발명은 다이아몬드 공구 제조시 발생되는 스크랩 또는 사용후 다이아몬드 공구에서 떼어낸 톱날을 모아 이를 화학적으로 처리함으로서 이중에 함유된 코발트, 니켈, 동 성분을 효과적으로 분리 회수하는 방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for effectively separating and recovering cobalt, nickel, and copper components contained in a double by collecting and chemically treating a saw blade generated from a diamond tool after use or a scrap generated from a diamond tool.

종래에는 금속 코발트의 가격이 비교적 저렴하여 다이아몬드 공구 제조시 코발트의 함량을 70% 이상 매우 높게 유지하였으며 니켈, 동, 철 등의 함량은 상대적으로 소량에 불과하였으나 근래에 와서 코발트 국제가격의 상승으로 다이아몬드 공구 제조업체에서는 코발트의 함량을 낮추고 가격이 비교적 저렴한 동, 니켈, 철 성분을 증가시키는 추세로 전환되고 있다. 종전에는 다이아몬드 공구스크랩을 산에 녹인 다음 그 중에 함유된 인조 다이아몬드, 은, 코발트 성분만 회수하고 나머지는 폐기하였으나 본 발명은 니켈과 동의 함량이 점점 높아짐에 따라 이들을 분리 회수하여 자원으로서 재활용하고 코발트의 회수율을 높여주는데 그 목적이 있다.Conventionally, the price of metal cobalt is relatively low, so the cobalt content is maintained at 70% or higher when manufacturing diamond tools, and the content of nickel, copper, iron, etc. is relatively small, but in recent years, the cobalt price has risen. Tool manufacturers are turning to lower cobalt content and increasing copper, nickel and iron components, which are relatively inexpensive. Previously, diamond tool scraps were dissolved in an acid, and only artificial diamond, silver, and cobalt components contained therein were recovered, and the rest were discarded. However, the present invention separates and recovers them as a resource as nickel and copper contents increase and recycle them as a resource. The purpose is to increase the recovery rate.

이들 금속을 분리정제함에 있어서 불순물과 함께 유출되는 코발트를 재회수하므로서 코발트의 회수율을 높이는 부수적인 효과를 올릴 수 있게 되었다.In the separation and purification of these metals, the cobalt flowing out together with impurities can be recovered, thereby improving the cobalt recovery rate.

다이아몬드 공구스크랩(이하 스크랩이라 한다)은 그 사용용도와 목적에 따라 그 조성이 매우 다양하나 대개 아래와 같은 범주에 속한다.Diamond tool scraps (hereinafter referred to as scraps) vary greatly in composition depending on their use and purpose, but usually fall into the following categories.

본 발명의 구성 내용을 상세하게 설명하기 위하여 편의상 몇개의 단위공정으로 나누어 보면, 스크랩의 침출공정, 코발트 분리공정, 1차 유기용매 추출공정, 2차 유기용매 추출공정, 니켈회수공정, 동회수공정 및 동회수 후 얻은 코발트 수용액을 1차 유기용매 추출공정으로 재순환시켜 주는 공정 등으로 구분할 수 있으며 본 발명은 이들 각 공정을 결합시켜 다이아몬드 공구스크랩으로 부터 다이아몬드, 은, 코발트, 니켈 성분을 효과적으로 회수하는 방법에 관한 것으로서 본 발명을 각 공정별로 구분하여 설명하면 아래와 같다.In order to explain in detail the configuration of the present invention divided into several unit processes for convenience, the leaching process of the scrap, cobalt separation process, primary organic solvent extraction process, secondary organic solvent extraction process, nickel recovery process, copper recovery process And recycling the cobalt aqueous solution obtained after the recovery to the first organic solvent extraction process. The present invention combines each of these processes to effectively recover diamond, silver, cobalt and nickel components from diamond tool scraps. The present invention relates to a method and is described below by dividing the present invention by each process.

○ 스크랩 침출(浸出)공정○ Scrap leaching process

일반적으로 다이아몬드 공구스크랩에 함유된 유가금속과 인조다이아몬드를 회수하기 위하여는 스크랩을 일단 산에 용해시킨다. 코발트의 함량이 높은 경우에는 질산만으로도 잘 용해되었으나 최근에는 코발트의 함량이 낮고 그 조성도 복잡하여 왕수나 왕수에 황산을 가한 혼산 수용액에 녹인다.In general, to recover valuable metals and artificial diamonds contained in diamond tool scraps, the scraps are first dissolved in acid. When the cobalt content is high, nitric acid alone is well dissolved, but recently, the cobalt content is low and its composition is complex, so that it is dissolved in an aqueous mixed solution of sulfuric acid or sulfuric acid.

스크랩이 산에 녹는 것은 자발적인 발열반응으로서 발생되는 가스는 가스 정화탑을 거쳐 대기로 배출한다.The melting of scrap in the acid is a spontaneous exothermic reaction and the gas is discharged to the atmosphere via a gas purification tower.

금속혼합물을 적당한 용매로 용해시키고 그 용매중의 불순물을 잔재(residue)로 남기는 조작을 침출(Leaching)이라고 한다.The operation of dissolving a metal mixture in a suitable solvent and leaving impurities in the solvent as a residue is called leaching.

다이아몬드 공구 스크랩 1kg을 용해하는데 소요되는 약품량은 스크랩의 금속 조성에 따라 다소 차이는 있으나 공업용 약품으로서 대략 질산 3∼3.3Kg 황산 1∼1.2kg 염산 0.6∼1kg 정도 소요된다. 스크랩 중에 함유된 인조다이아몬드는 산에 불용성이기 때문에 액만 따라내면 회수된다.The amount of chemicals required to dissolve 1 kg of diamond tool scraps varies slightly depending on the metal composition of the scrap, but as industrial chemicals, it takes approximately 1 to 1.2 kg of nitric acid and 1 to 1.2 kg of hydrochloric acid. The artificial diamond contained in the scrap is insoluble in the acid and is recovered by pouring only the liquid.

○ 코발트 분리 공정○ cobalt separation process

스크랩을 산에 녹일 때 은성분 역시 녹게 되는데 산성분에 염산을 함께 사용하는 경우에는 은은 염화은(AgCl)의 침전형태로 가라 앉으므로 이를 여과포에 받아 물로 수세하면 조염화은으로 회수할 수 있게 된다.When the scrap is dissolved in acid, the silver component is also dissolved. When using hydrochloric acid in the acid component, silver sinks in the form of silver chloride (AgCl), so it can be recovered as silver chloride by washing it with water in a filter cloth.

염산을 사용하지 않았을 경우에는 스크랩 용애액에 소금물을 주입하여 AgCl로 은 성분을 가라 앉혀서 분리 회수한다.If hydrochloric acid is not used, salt water is injected into the scrap solution, and the silver component is settled and recovered by AgCl.

그러면 스크랩 용해액에는 코발트, 주석, 철, 니켈, 아연 등의 성분이 남아 있게 된다.The scrap solution then leaves components such as cobalt, tin, iron, nickel, and zinc.

금속염은 수용액을 가성소다(NaOH)등의 알카리로 중화(中和)시키면 금속염은 수산화물의 형태로 침전되게 되는데 이를 중화침전이라 한다. Fe, Cu, Sn 등은 수산화물로 침전되는 pH 영역이 Co보다 낮아 중화침전 방법으로 분리가 가능하지만 Ni, Zn, Cd 등은 수산화물로 침전되는 pH 영역이 Co와 매우 근접되어 있거나 상호중복이 되어 있어서 중화침전 방법만으로는 Co와 이들 금속과 완전 분리가 불가능하다. 그러므로 Co를 순수하게 분리 정제하기 위해서는 다음에 설명하는 유기용매 추출공법이 매우 유용하게 이용될 수 있다.When the metal salt is neutralized with alkali such as caustic soda (NaOH), the metal salt is precipitated in the form of hydroxide, which is called neutralization precipitation. Fe, Cu, Sn, etc. can be separated by the neutral precipitation method because the pH range precipitated by hydroxide is lower than Co, but Ni, Zn, Cd, etc. are closely adjacent to Co or overlapped with each other. Neutral sedimentation alone is not a complete separation of Co and these metals. Therefore, in order to purify and purify Co purely, the organic solvent extraction method described below may be very useful.

은을 제거한 스크랩 용액액에 가성소다를 주입하여 pH 5정도로 맞추면 Fe, Sn 및 Cu의 대부분은 수산화물로 침전된다. 금속염이 수산화물 형태로 침전을 일으키는 pH를 중화 pH라고 하는데 이 중화 pH를 낮추면 철과 동 이온을 용액중에 잔존하게 되어 다음에 설명하는 다음 단계의 1차 유기용매 추출공정에서 불순물 제거의 부담이 커지고 반대로 이 중화 pH를 높이면 불순물을 제거하는 효과는 커지나 철 및 동과 함께 코발트 성분도 일부 공침되므로 코발트의 회수율이 감소된다.When caustic soda is injected into the scrap solution from which silver is removed and the pH is adjusted to about 5, most of Fe, Sn and Cu are precipitated as hydroxides. The pH at which the metal salt precipitates in the form of hydroxide is called neutralization pH. If the neutralization pH is lowered, iron and copper ions remain in the solution, and the burden of impurity removal is increased in the next organic solvent extraction step described below. Increasing the neutralizing pH increases the effect of removing impurities, but cobalt is also partially co-precipitated with iron and copper, thereby reducing the recovery of cobalt.

중화후액을 여과하면 수산화물로 침전이 된 Fe, Sn, Cu가 제거되고 용액중에는 Co, Ni, Zn, Cd와 잔량의 Cu가 존재하게 된다.Filtration of the neutralized solution removes Fe, Sn, and Cu precipitated with hydroxides, and Co, Ni, Zn, Cd and residual Cu are present in the solution.

또한 용액중에 미량 존재하는 W, Mo 등은 다음단계의 용매추출공정에서 조업상 장애가 되므로 활성탄탑에 통과시켜 흡착 제거한다.In addition, W, Mo, etc., present in trace amounts in the solution will be an obstacle in the operation of the solvent extraction step of the next step through the activated carbon tower to remove the adsorption.

○ 1차 유기 용매 추출 공정1st organic solvent extraction process

1차 유기용매 추출공정의 목적은 중화공정을 거친 수용액으로부터 Co, Ni를 제외한 Zn, Cd, Cu성분을 제거하기 위함이다.The purpose of the first organic solvent extraction process is to remove Zn, Cd, Cu components other than Co and Ni from the aqueous solution that has been neutralized.

유기용매로서는 디-2-에틸헥실인산(Di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid:D2EHPA)와 2-하이드록시-5-노닐아세토페논옥심(2-hydroxy-5-nonylacetophenone oxime)의 혼합용매를 케로신(Kerosene)에 약 20% 농도로 희석하여 사용한다.As an organic solvent, a mixed solvent of di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) and 2-hydroxy-5-nonylacetophenone oxime is used as kerosene ( Dilute to 20% concentration in Kerosene).

혼합용매의 혼합비율은 제거하고자 하는 수용액의 불순물 중 Zn, Cd 등이 많을 경우 D2EHPA가 많도록 하고 Cu가 많을 경우는 옥심(Oxime) 계통의 유기용매가 많도록 한다.The mixing ratio of the mixed solvent is to increase the D2EHPA when the Zn, Cd, etc. of the aqueous solution to remove a lot, and the organic solvent of the oxime (Oxime) system if there are a lot of Cu.

혼합용매를 사용하지 않고 옥심계의 유기용매로 먼저 처리하여 Cu를 제거하고 다음 D2EHPA로 처리하여 남은 불순물을 제거하여도 되나 이 경우 시설투자비가 증가하고 생산성이 저하되므로 혼합용매를 사용하는 것이 유리하다.It is possible to remove Cu by first treating with organic solvent of oxime system without using mixed solvent and then removing residual impurities by treating with D2EHPA. In this case, it is advantageous to use mixed solvent because facility investment cost increases and productivity decreases. .

중화후액을 상기 유기혼합용매와 접촉시켜 Zn, Cu, Cd를 유기용매에 추출시킨다. 이때 가성소다를 첨가하여 평형산도를 pH가 높으면 2.0∼2.4로 유지한다. pH가 낮으면 Zn, Cu 등의 불순물 추출이 불완전하고 pH가 높으면 Co까지 추출되는 부작용이 발생하게 된다. 불순물을 추출한 유기용매는 황산 또는 황산과 염산의 혼산으로 탈거(strip)한다. 이 분야에서는 유기용매를 금속이온을 함유하고 있는 수용액과 접촉시켜 목적하는 금속이온만을 유기용매상으로 옮기는 공정을 유기용매 추출공정(solvent extraction)이라 하고 그 유기 용매를 다른 수용액(stripping solution)과 접촉시켜 목적하는 금속이온을 수용액 상으로 옮기는 공정을 탈거(strip)라 한다.The neutralized liquid is brought into contact with the organic mixed solvent to extract Zn, Cu, and Cd into the organic solvent. At this time, by adding caustic soda, the pH is maintained at 2.0 to 2.4 if the pH is high. If the pH is low, impurity extraction such as Zn and Cu is incomplete, and if the pH is high, a side effect of extracting Co may occur. The organic solvent from which the impurities are extracted is stripped with sulfuric acid or a mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid. In this field, the process of contacting an organic solvent with an aqueous solution containing metal ions and transferring only a desired metal ion to the organic solvent phase is called organic solvent extraction, and contacting the organic solvent with another stripping solution. The process of transferring the desired metal ions to the aqueous solution phase is called stripping.

○ 2차 유기용매 추출공정○ 2nd organic solvent extraction process

상기한 1차 유기용매 추출공정에서 Zn, Cd, Cu를 제거한 수용액 중에는 Co와 Ni이 남아 있다. 2차 유기용매 추출공정은 수용액 중의 Co를 유기용매로 추출하여 Ni성분을 추출잔액(Raffinate)에 남게함으로서 Co와 Ni를 분리시키고 Co를 추출한 유기용매를 황산 또는 염산으로 탈거(strip)하여 황산코발트나 염산코발트를 제조하는 공정이다.Co and Ni remain in the aqueous solution from which Zn, Cd, and Cu were removed in the first organic solvent extraction step. In the second organic solvent extraction process, Co in an aqueous solution is extracted with an organic solvent, and the Ni component is left in an extract residue (Raffinate) to separate Co and Ni, and the organic solvent extracted Co is stripped with sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid to cobalt sulfate. B) A process for producing cobalt hydrochloride.

탈거제(strippant)로서 산을 어떤것을 사용하느냐에 따라 제조하고자 하는 코발트의 염을 선택할 수 있다. 즉, 탈거제로 황산을 사용하면 황산코발트로 염산을 사용하면 염산코발트로 얻을 수 있다.The salt of cobalt to be prepared can be selected depending on which acid is used as strippant. That is, if sulfuric acid is used as the stripping agent, cobalt hydrochloride can be used to obtain cobalt hydrochloride.

유기용매로서는 2-에틸헥실아인산(2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid), 모노-2-에틸헥실에스텔(mono-2-ethylhexyl ester)을 케로신에 20% 농도로 희석하여 사용한다.As the organic solvent, 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid and mono-2-ethylhexyl ester are diluted with kerosene at a concentration of 20%.

추출시 평형산도는 pH 3.5∼5.0으로 유지함이 좋다. pH가 낮으면 Co가 추출되지 않고 pH가 높으면 Ni까지 추출되게 된다.Equilibrium acidity should be maintained at pH 3.5 ~ 5.0 during extraction. If the pH is low, Co is not extracted. If the pH is high, Ni is extracted.

황산을 탈거제로 하는 탈거액(stripping solution)중에는 황산(H2SO4)이 이온상태로 존재하게 되고 황산이온과 유기용매가 추출한 코발트 이온이 반응하여 황산 코발트를 형성하게 되는데 탈거액 중에 코발트 이온이 증가됨에 따라 황산의 프리에시드(free acid)는 감소하게 되어 탈거액의 pH는 증가하게 되는데 이때 탈거액은 pH 3.0에 접근할 때까지 반복 사용이 가능하다.Sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) is present in the stripping solution using sulfuric acid as a stripping agent, and cobalt ions are formed by the reaction between sulfuric acid ions and cobalt ions extracted from an organic solvent. As the free acid of sulfuric acid is increased, the pH of the stripping solution is increased, and the stripping solution can be used repeatedly until the pH 3.0 is reached.

pH가 3.0이상이면 프리에시드(H+)의 부족으로 탈거반응이 잘 일어나지 않게 된다. 그러나 탈거공정의 농도 조건 등을 잘 조절하여 주므로서 황산코발트의 포화 용액 상태로 황산코발트를 얻을 수 있으므로 본 공정은 탈거액의 증발, 농축 공정을 거치지 않고서도 CoSO4용액의 농도를 높일 수 있는 특징과 장점을 가지게 된다.If the pH is 3.0 or more, the stripping reaction is less likely to occur due to the lack of preacid (H + ). However, cobalt sulfate can be obtained in a saturated solution of cobalt sulfate by controlling the concentration conditions of the stripping process well, so this process can increase the concentration of the CoSO 4 solution without undergoing evaporation and concentration of stripping solution. And have advantages.

이러한 유기용매 추출공법은 액체이온 교환방법으로 침전분리공법과는 달리 여러가지 이온이 혼합된 수용액으로 부터 목적금속이온과 화학적으로 친화력을 갖는 유기용매를 선택하여 화학적 친화력을 이용하여 목적하는 금속이온만을 유기용매중으로 추출하여 원하는 화합물로 직접 합성하는 공법이므로 혼재되어 있는 다른 금속이온이나 불순물의 혼입이 거의 없는 장점을 갖고 있다. 즉, 본 공정에서는 수용액 중에 Co2+, Na2+, Na+, SO4 2-, Cl-, NO3 -등이 섞여 있으나 Co2+만 유기 용매로 뽑아 황산(탈거제)에 결합시키는 방법이므로 Na+, Cl-, NO3 -의 혼입이 없고 Ni2+를 분리시키면서 고순도의 황산코발트(CoSO4)를 얻을 수 있는 효과가 있다.Unlike the precipitation separation method, the organic solvent extraction method selects an organic solvent having a chemical affinity with the target metal ion from an aqueous solution mixed with various ions, unlike the precipitation separation method. Since it is a method of extracting in a solvent and synthesizing directly with a desired compound, it has an advantage that there is little mixing of other metal ions or impurities in the mixture. That is, in this process, Co 2+, Na 2+, Na + , SO 4 2-, Cl aqueous solution -, NO 3 -, etc. are mixed, but a method of coupling the pull sulfate (stripping agent) with an organic solvent, only Co 2+ Since the Na +, Cl -, nO 3 - are not incorporated into the separating Ni 2+, while there is an effect that it is possible to obtain a high-purity cobalt sulfate (CoSO 4).

○ Ni 회수공정○ Ni recovery process

2차 유기 용매 추출공정에서는 코발트 성분만을 추출하였기 때문에 2차 유기용매 추출을 거쳐나온 수용액 즉 추출잔액(Raffinate)에는 금속이온으로서는 니켈 성분과 가성소다 주입시 들어간 나트륨 성분만이 수용액 상태로 남아있게 된다.Since only the cobalt component was extracted in the second organic solvent extraction process, only the nickel component and the sodium component in the caustic soda are left in the aqueous solution in the aqueous solution, that is, the extracted raffinate. .

이 수용액에 가성소다를 주입하여 pH 9.0으로 맞추면 Ni 이온이 수산화 니켈로 침전된다. 이를 여과하여 니켈을 수산화니켈로 회수한다.When caustic soda is added to this aqueous solution to pH 9.0, Ni ions are precipitated with nickel hydroxide. It is filtered to recover nickel as nickel hydroxide.

○ 동 회수공정○ Copper recovery process

전술한 코발트 분리공정에서 코발트를 Fe, Sn, Cu와 분리하기 위하여 pH 5.0으로 스크랩 용해액을 가성소다로 중화하였다. 이때 Fe, Sn, Cu 등이 수산화물로 침전될 때 일부 코발트 성분도 이들 수산화물과 함께 공침되어 여과케이크 중에 들어있게 된다. 이 여과케이크로부터 코발트와 동을 회수하기 위하여 이 수산화물 여과케이크를 물에 풀고(Repulping) 여기에 황산을 주입하여 pH 3.2로 맞추어 주게되면 철분과 주석은 수산화물로 남아있게 되고 동과 코발트는 수용액으로 녹아있게 된다. 이를 여과하면 철과 주석이 수산화물 여과케이크로 분리되고 코발트와 동 수용액이 여과액으로 나온다.In the aforementioned cobalt separation process, the scrap solution was neutralized with caustic soda at pH 5.0 to separate cobalt from Fe, Sn and Cu. At this time, when Fe, Sn, Cu and the like is precipitated with the hydroxide, some cobalt components are also co-precipitated with these hydroxides to be contained in the filter cake. In order to recover cobalt and copper from the filter cake, the hydroxide filter cake was repulped in water and sulfuric acid was injected to pH 3.2. do. Filtration separates iron and tin into the hydroxide filter cake, and cobalt and an aqueous copper solution come out as a filtrate.

이 여과액 즉 코발트와 동 수용액에 가성소다를 주입하여 pH 5.0으로 맞추면 코발트는 수용액 상태로 그대로 있으나 동이 수산화물로 침전된다.When caustic soda is added to the filtrate, that is, cobalt and copper aqueous solution to pH 5.0, cobalt remains in an aqueous solution, but copper precipitates as a hydroxide.

이를 여과하면 동은 수산화물 침전으로 회수되고 코발트 수용액은 1차 유기용매 추출공정에 보내 코발트의 회수율을 증대시킬 수 있게 된다.When this is filtered, copper is recovered by hydroxide precipitation, and the cobalt aqueous solution is sent to the first organic solvent extraction process to increase the recovery of cobalt.

[실시예 1]Example 1

여러 가지 종류의 다이아몬드 공구스크랩 10kg에 물을 약 10ℓ 붓고 여기에 공업용 질산, 황산, 염산을 조금씩 주입하여 용해하였다. 용해액의 조성은 표 1에 기재한 바와 같았다. 스크랩이 거의 다 녹아서 용해반응이 중지될때까지 소요된 약 품량은 68%, 질산 32kg, 98% 황산 11kg, 33% 염산 8kg이었다.About 10 liters of water was poured into 10 kg of various kinds of diamond tool scraps, and industrial nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and hydrochloric acid were added little by little. The composition of the solution was as listed in Table 1. The amount of chemicals required until the dissolution reaction was stopped because almost all of the scrap was dissolved was 68%, 32 kg of nitric acid, 11 kg of 98% sulfuric acid, and 8 kg of 33% hydrochloric acid.

이 스크랩 용애액을 따라내서 용기바닥에 남아있는 인조다이아몬드를 회수하고 액을 정치하여 염화은을 가라앉힌 후 상등액을 분리하여 중화조에 넣었다.The scrap solution was decanted to recover the artificial diamond remaining in the bottom of the container, the solution was left to stand, the silver chloride was allowed to sink, and the supernatant was separated and placed in a neutralization tank.

염화은(AgCl) 침전을 여과, 수세 후 건조 분석한 결과 Ag 14.5wt%의 저품위로 약 43g을 얻었다. 여기서는 상기한 혼산에 불용성인 텅그스텐 카바이드 성분이 다량 함유되어 있는 것으로 확인되었다.The silver chloride (AgCl) precipitate was filtered, washed with water, and dried. As a result, about 43 g of Ag (4.5 wt%) was obtained at a low quality. Here, it was confirmed that a large amount of the insoluble tungsten carbide component was contained in the mixed acid.

수용액의 금속이온농도가 너무 높으면 중화시 침전물이 과다하여 액의 교반이 잘 되지 않으므로 중화조에 물을 액량의 2배 정도 주입하여 희석하였다. 여기에 가성소다를 주입하여 액의 산도를 pH 5.0으로 중화하였다. 중화시 액중의 철, 동, 주석 이온은 수산화물로 침전되므로 이를 여과하여 분리하고 여액은 활성탄탑을 거쳐 1차 유기용매 추출공정에 주입하였다. 중화후 액의 조성은 표 1에 기재한 바와 같았다.If the metal ion concentration of the aqueous solution is too high, the precipitate is excessive during neutralization, so that the agitation of the liquid is difficult, and water is injected into the neutralization tank about 2 times and diluted. Caustic soda was injected therein to neutralize the acidity of the solution to pH 5.0. During neutralization, iron, copper and tin ions in the liquid precipitated as hydroxides, which were separated by filtration and the filtrate was injected into the primary organic solvent extraction process through an activated carbon tower. The composition of the solution after neutralization was as shown in Table 1.

일차 유기용매 추출공정에서는 유기용매인 2-하이드록시-5-노닐아세토페논옥심(2-hydroxy-5-nonyl acetophenone Oxime)과 디-2-에틸헥실인산(Di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid)의 혼합용매를 케로신(Keroxene)에 20% 농도로 희석하여 사용하였다.In the first organic solvent extraction process, a mixture of 2-hydroxy-5-nonyl acetophenone oxime and di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid The solvent was used diluted to 20% concentration in kerosene (Keroxene).

상기 활성탄탑을 거쳐 나온 코발트 수용액 300ml를 상기 혼합유기용매 300ml와 분리훤넬(Separate funnel)에 함께 넣고 교반하였다. 이때 가성소다를 소량주입하여 평형산도가 pH 2.0이 되도록 하였다. 분리훤넬(Separate funnel)을 약 1∼2분 흔들어 교반한 후 정치하면 수용액은 밑으로 가라앉으므로 수용액만 분리하여 내고 유기용매를 황산 20% 염산 10%의 혼합용매 300ml로 탈거(stripping)한다.300 ml of the cobalt aqueous solution passed through the activated carbon tower was put together with 300 ml of the mixed organic solvent and a separator funnel, and stirred. At this time, a small amount of caustic soda was added so that the pH was 2.0. After shaking the separator funnel for about 1 to 2 minutes, and after standing, the aqueous solution sinks to the bottom, so only the aqueous solution is separated and the organic solvent is stripped with 300 ml of a mixed solvent of 20% hydrochloric acid and 10% hydrochloric acid.

이때 유기용매가 추출한 불순물 즉 Cu, Zn, Cd 등이 산쪽으로 이동되면서 유기용매는 재생된다.At this time, the impurities extracted by the organic solvent, such as Cu, Zn, Cd, etc. are moved to the acid side, and the organic solvent is regenerated.

다음 탈거한 수용액을 같은 방법으로 분리해내고 미량 남아있는 산을 제거하기 위해 유기용매를 증류수 약 300ml와 함께 흔들어 씻어낸다.Next, the stripped aqueous solution is separated in the same manner, and the organic solvent is shaken off with about 300 ml of distilled water to remove traces of the remaining acid.

이러한 작업을 2∼3회 되풀이하면 Co수용액중의 Cu, Zn 등의 거의 완전히 제거된다.This operation is repeated two or three times to almost completely remove Cu, Zn, and the like in the Co aqueous solution.

1차 유기용매 추출공정을 거쳐 나온 수용액의 조성은 표 1에 기재한 바와 같았으며 여기에는 Co와 Ni만이 남아있었다.The composition of the aqueous solution obtained through the first organic solvent extraction process was as shown in Table 1, where only Co and Ni remained.

이를 2차 유기용매 추출공정에 보내 코발트 이온만 유기용매로 추출하고 이를 다시 황산으로 탈거하여 황산코발트를 직접 제조하게 된다. 즉 2차 유기용매 추출공정의 유기용매는 2-에틸헥실인산 (2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid), 모노-2-에틸헥실에스텔(mon-2-ethylhexyl ester)을 케로신으로 희석하여 20%의 농도로 사용한다.This is sent to a second organic solvent extraction process to extract only cobalt ions with an organic solvent and to remove it again with sulfuric acid to produce cobalt sulfate directly. In other words, the organic solvent of the second organic solvent extraction process was diluted with 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid and mono-2-ethylhexyl ester with kerosene at a concentration of 20%. use.

상기 유기용매 300ml과 1차 유기 용매 추출공정을 거쳐나온 수용액 300ml을 함게 분리 훤넬에 넣고 약 2분간 흔든다. 이때 가성소다를 약간 첨가하여 평형산도가 pH 4.5가 되도록 한다. 수용액 중의 Co이온은 유기용매 쪽으로 이동한다. 이를 정치하여 수용액을 분리해내고 증류수 약 300ml와 유기 용매를 함께 흔들어 미량 남아있는 수용액을 씻어내 분리해 낸 다음 Co를 추출한 유기용매를 황산 180g/ℓ의 농도 약 300ml로 탈거한다. 이때 유기용매쪽에 추출된 Co2+는 황산쪽으로 이동하여 황산코발트가 합성된다. 동시에 유기용매는 재생된다.300 ml of the organic solvent and 300 ml of the aqueous solution obtained through the first organic solvent extraction process are put together in a separate channel and shaken for about 2 minutes. At this time, slightly caustic soda is added so that the pH is pH 4.5. Co ions in the aqueous solution move toward the organic solvent. After standing still, the aqueous solution is separated, and about 300 ml of distilled water and the organic solvent are washed together to wash off the remaining aqueous solution, and then the Co-extracted organic solvent is removed at a concentration of about 300 ml of sulfuric acid 180 g / L. At this time, Co 2+ extracted to the organic solvent is moved to the sulfuric acid to synthesize cobalt sulfate. At the same time, the organic solvent is regenerated.

이와 같은 추출과 탈거공정을 2∼3회 되풀이하면 수용액 중의 Co이온은 완전히 없어지고 Ni이온만 남게 되므로 이 추출잔액(Raffinate)은 Ni 회수 공정에 보낸다.If the extraction and stripping process is repeated two or three times, Co ions in the aqueous solution are completely eliminated and only Ni ions remain, so this extract residue (Raffinate) is sent to the Ni recovery process.

지금까지 공정별 용액의 조성은 아래와 같다.The composition of the solution by process so far is as follows.

[표 1]TABLE 1

공정별 용액의 조성Composition of Solution by Process

1차 유기용매 추출공정을 거친 코발트 수용액(코발트 농도:10.3g/ℓ)3ℓ를 2차 유기용매 추출공정에서 처리한 결과 황산코발트(Co함량 8.75wt%) 340g을 얻었다.The cobalt aqueous solution (cobalt concentration: 10.3 g / L) 3L which passed through the 1st organic solvent extraction process was processed by the 2nd organic solvent extraction process, and 340g of cobalt sulfate (Co content 8.75wt%) was obtained.

2차 유기용매 추출공정에서 추출잔액 약 10ℓ를 받아 이를 교반하면서 가성소다를 주입하여 pH9.0으로 맞추었다. 이때 수용액 중의 니켈 이온이 수산화니켈로 침전되었다. 이를 여과하여 여과 케이크를 충분히 수세 건조 분석한 결과 Ni 함량이 42.5%인 수산화니켈 580g을 얻었다.In the process of extracting the second organic solvent, the caustic soda was injected while stirring about 10 L of the extract and adjusted to pH 9.0. At this time, nickel ions in the aqueous solution were precipitated with nickel hydroxide. The filter cake was filtered and washed with water, followed by dry analysis, to obtain 580 g of nickel hydroxide having a Ni content of 42.5%.

[실시예 2]Example 2

상기 실시예 1의 스크랩 용해액에서 AgCl을 침강시킨 후 그 상등액을 중화하여 여과한 여과케이크에는 철, 동, 주석과 이때 함께 공침된 코발트 성분이 4∼8% 함유되어 있으므로 이를 물에 다시 풀어서(repulpping) 코발트, 동 및 철 성분을 서로 분리 회수할 필요가 있다.After the AgCl was precipitated in the scrap solution of Example 1, the supernatant was neutralized and filtered, and the filtered cake contained 4 to 8% of iron, copper, and tin and cobalt components co-precipitated together. repulpping The cobalt, copper and iron components need to be recovered separately from each other.

수분약 50%인 이 여과케이크 3kg을 10ℓ 물에 넣어 교반하면서 황산을 주입산도를 pH3.2로 맞추었다. 여과케이스 덩어리가 다 풀어져 현탁액이 될때까지 교반을 약 30분 계속하였다. 이를 여과하여 여과케이크를 폐기하고 여액은 다시 가성소다로 pH 5.0으로 맞추어 중화하였다.3 kg of this filtrate cake, about 50% of water, was placed in 10 L of water, and the sulfuric acid was adjusted to pH 3.2 with stirring. Stirring was continued for about 30 minutes until the lumps of the filter case had loosened to form a suspension. The filter cake was discarded by filtration, and the filtrate was neutralized by adjusting pH to 5.0 again with caustic soda.

이를 여과하여 여과케이크와 여액을 분리하였다. 여과케이크를 충분히 수세하고 건조하여 분석한 결과 동이 48%인 수산화도 0.6kg을 회수하였다. 여액은 수세액까지 합하여 약 12ℓ 코발트 농도가 5.5g/ℓ이었고 이 액은 1차 유기용매 추출공정으로 다시 보냈다.This was filtered to separate the filter cake and the filtrate. The filter cake was washed with water sufficiently and dried to recover 0.6 kg of hydroxide having a copper content of 48%. The filtrate was washed with water and the cobalt concentration was 5.5 g / l, which was returned to the first organic solvent extraction process.

Claims (6)

다이아몬드 공구스크랩을 무기산으로 용해시킨 용해액으로 부터 코발트, 동, 니켈 성분을 분리 회수하는 방법에 있어서, 스크랩 용해액에 알카리로 중화하여 철, 동, 주석 등의 금속이온을 금속의 수산화물로 침전 분리시키고 얻은 여액을 디-2-에틸 헥실 인산과 2-하이드록시-5-노닐아세토페논옥심을 케로신에 혼합한 유기용매를 이용하여 코발트, 니켈 이외의 금속성분은 용매상으로 추출시킨 후 황산과 염산의 혼산으로 탈거하고 나머지 코발트 및 니켈을 함유하고 있는 수용액을 2-에틸헥실아인산 모노-2-에틸헥실에스텔을 케로신에 희석한 유기용매와 접촉시켜 코발트 성분말을 무기산탈거제로 탈거하여 코발트 성분을 코발트무기산염으로 회수하고 상기 유기용매 추출잔액(Raffinate) 알카리를 가하여 니켈성분을 수산화니켈의 침전으로 분리회수하여 다이아몬드 공구스크랩으로 부터 코발트, 니켈, 동 성분을 회수하는 방법In the method of separating and recovering cobalt, copper, and nickel components from a solution in which diamond tool scraps are dissolved with an inorganic acid, the metals such as iron, copper, and tin are precipitated and separated by neutralization with alkali in the scrap solution. The filtrate was extracted with di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid and 2-hydroxy-5-nonylacetophenone oxime in kerosene using an organic solvent. Remove the cobalt component by removing the cobalt component with an inorganic acid stripping agent by removing the mixture with hydrochloric acid and removing the remaining cobalt and nickel aqueous solution with 2-ethylhexyl phosphate mono-2-ethylhexyl ester in an organic solvent diluted in kerosene. Was recovered with cobalt inorganic acid salt, and the organic solvent extraction residue (Raffinate) was added to recover the nickel component by precipitation of nickel hydroxide. How to diamond tools from scrap recovered cobalt, nickel, copper components 제1항에 있어서, 무기산이 염산과 질산 또는 질산과 황산의 혼산이거나 염산, 질산, 황산의 혼산인 1항의 방법.The method of claim 1, wherein the inorganic acid is a mixed acid of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid or nitric acid and sulfuric acid or a mixed acid of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and sulfuric acid. 제1항에 있어서, 무기산 탈거제가 황산, 질산 또는 염산 중에서 선택된 것이고, 코발트 무기산염이 황산코발트, 질산코발트 또는 염산코발트 중 어느 하나인 1항의 방법.The method of claim 1, wherein the inorganic acid stripping agent is selected from sulfuric acid, nitric acid or hydrochloric acid, and the cobalt inorganic acid salt is any one of cobalt sulfate, cobalt nitrate, or cobalt hydrochloride. 제1항에 있어서, 다이아몬드 공구스크랩 용해액의 중화 pH가 5.0이고 2단계 유기용매 추출잔액을 pH9.0으로 중화시키되 알카리로서 가성소다를 사용하는 니켈 성분을 수산화물로 침전 분리회수하는 방법.The method according to claim 1, wherein the neutralization pH of the diamond tool scrap solution is 5.0 and the two-stage organic solvent extraction balance is neutralized to pH 9.0, and the nickel component using caustic soda as alkali is precipitated and recovered with hydroxide. 제1항에 있어서, 다이아몬드 공구스크랩 용해액을 중하시킨 후 얻은 침전물의 여과케이크를 물에 풀어 pH 3.2로 맞추고 이를 여과한 여액을 다시 pH5.0으로 중화하여 동 성분을 수산화물로 침전 분리 회수하는 방법.The method according to claim 1, wherein the precipitated filter cake after neutralizing the diamond tool scrap solution is dissolved in water, adjusted to pH 3.2, and the filtrate is neutralized again to pH 5.0 to precipitate and recover the copper component with hydroxide. . 제1항에 있어서, 다이아몬드 공구스크랩 용해액을 중화시킨 후 얻은 침전물의 여과케이크를 물에 풀어 동을 회수한 여액으로 부터 얻은 코발트 수용액을 1차 유기용매 추출공정에 재순환시키는 코발트 성분의 회수방법.The method for recovering cobalt component according to claim 1, wherein the cobalt aqueous solution obtained from the filtrate obtained by recovering copper by dissolving the filter cake of the precipitate obtained after neutralizing the diamond tool scrap dissolving solution in water is recycled to the first organic solvent extraction step.
KR1019970013311A 1997-04-10 1997-04-10 Recovering method for co,ni,cu from the scrap of diamond tools KR100220976B1 (en)

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