KR19980015977U - Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) / Gasoline Combined Engine - Google Patents
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) / Gasoline Combined Engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR19980015977U KR19980015977U KR2019960029259U KR19960029259U KR19980015977U KR 19980015977 U KR19980015977 U KR 19980015977U KR 2019960029259 U KR2019960029259 U KR 2019960029259U KR 19960029259 U KR19960029259 U KR 19960029259U KR 19980015977 U KR19980015977 U KR 19980015977U
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- cng
- fuel
- gasoline
- control module
- electronic control
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 diesel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/0602—Control of components of the fuel supply system
- F02D19/0613—Switch-over from one fuel to another
- F02D19/0615—Switch-over from one fuel to another being initiated by automatic means, e.g. based on engine or vehicle operating conditions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/0626—Measuring or estimating parameters related to the fuel supply system
- F02D19/0628—Determining the fuel pressure, temperature or flow, the fuel tank fill level or a valve position
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/0639—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
- F02D19/0642—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions
- F02D19/0647—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions the gaseous fuel being liquefied petroleum gas [LPG], liquefied natural gas [LNG], compressed natural gas [CNG] or dimethyl ether [DME]
Abstract
본 고안은 압축 천연 가스(CNG)/가솔린 복합엔진에 관한 것으로서, 압축 천연가스(Compressed Natural Gas) (CNG) 및 가솔린(Gasoline)을 사용하는 CNG/가솔린 복합 엔진에 관한 것으로서, 스로틀 포지션 센서(11) 및 RPM 센서(12)에 연결되어 상기 각각의 센서(11,12)로부터 신호를 공급받아 저속 또는 고속 영역을 판단하여 사용 연료를 선택하는 전자 제어 모듈(10); 및 상기 전자 제어 모듈(10)에 연결되며, 상기 전자제어모듈(10)로부터 설정된 사용연료 신호에 따라 가솔린 연료 펌프(21) 또는 CNG 솔레노이드 밸브(22)를 작동시켜 각각의 연료 공급 파이프(23,24)를 통해 각각의 인젝터(GI, CI)에 의해 엔진의 실린더(S)에 각각의 해당 연료를 분사시키는 연료 전환 릴레이(20);로 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하며, 자동차의 속도 및 출력에 따라 사용 연료를 전환 시킬 수 있어 공해 방지 및 출력 효율을 도모할 수 있다.The present invention relates to a compressed natural gas (CNG) / gasoline combined engine, to a CNG / gasoline combined engine using a compressed natural gas (CNG) and gasoline (Gasoline), a throttle position sensor (11) And an electronic control module 10 connected to the RPM sensor 12 to receive a signal from each of the sensors 11 and 12 to determine a low speed or a high speed area and to select a fuel to be used; And a gas supply fuel pump 21 or a CNG solenoid valve 22 connected to the electronic control module 10 to operate the gasoline fuel pump 21 or the CNG solenoid valve 22 according to the fuel signal set by the electronic control module 10. 24 is a fuel switching relay 20 for injecting the respective fuel to the cylinder (S) of the engine by each injector (GI, CI) through, characterized in that consisting of, depending on the speed and output of the vehicle The fuel used can be switched for pollution prevention and output efficiency.
Description
본 고안은 압축 천연가스(Compressed Natural Gas) (이하 CNG 라 칭함)/ 가솔린(Gasoline) 복합 엔진에 관한 것으로서, 보다 상세하게는 엔진의 출력 및 배출가스를 고려하여 최적의 엔진 구동 상태를 유지하기 위해 CNG와 가솔린을 복합적으로 이용할 수 있는 CNG/가솔린 복합 엔진에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a Compressed Natural Gas (hereinafter referred to as CNG) / Gasoline composite engine. More specifically, in order to maintain an optimum engine driving state in consideration of the engine output and exhaust gas, A CNG / gasoline combined engine that can combine CNG and gasoline.
일반적으로 내연 기관을 이용하는 자동차는 가솔린, 디젤, LPG와 같은 연료 중에서 단지 하나만을 이용하여 에진을 구동 시킨다.In general, automobiles using internal combustion engines use only one of the fuels such as gasoline, diesel, and LPG to drive the engine.
이 같은 각각의 연료를 사용하는 엔진은 각각 다른 특징을 지니고 있는 바, 예컨대 가솔린 엔진은 고출력에 사용되나 배출 가스가 불리하며, 디젤 엔진 또한 열효율이 높으나 진동 및 소음이 심하게 발생되며, LPG 엔진은 가격이 저렴하고 경제적이나 시동성이 불량하여 그 구조가 복잡하다.Each such fuel-fueled engine has different characteristics. For example, gasoline engines are used for high power but have a disadvantage of exhaust gas. Diesel engines are also highly thermally efficient but generate vibration and noise, and LPG engines are expensive. This structure is inexpensive and economical, but poor in startability.
이에따라 하나의 연료만을 이용하는 엔진은 그 연료의 특성에 따라 장·단점이 모두 도출되는 것으로 나타났다.As a result, an engine using only one fuel was found to have both advantages and disadvantages according to the characteristics of the fuel.
이에따라 최근 당업자들은 각각의 연료의 장점을 최대로 이용할 수 있는 복합 엔진의 개발에 노력하고 있는 바, 본 고안의 목적은 특히 최적의 배출 가스를 유지하기 위해 CNG를 이용하는 CNG/가솔린 복합 엔진을 제공하는데 있다.Accordingly, those of ordinary skill in the art have been trying to develop a hybrid engine that can take full advantage of each fuel. The object of the present invention is to provide a CNG / gasoline composite engine using CNG, in particular, to maintain an optimum emission gas. have.
도 1은 본 고안에 따른 압축 천연 가스/가솔린 복합 엔진의 구성도.1 is a block diagram of a compressed natural gas / gasoline composite engine according to the present invention.
도면의 주요 부분에 대한 부호의 설명Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings
10: 전자제어모듈11: 스로틀 포지션 센서10: electronic control module 11: throttle position sensor
12: RPM 센서20: 연료 전환 릴레이12: RPM sensor 20: fuel switching relay
21: 연료 펌프21a: 연료탱크21: fuel pump 21a: fuel tank
22: 솔레노이드 밸브22a: CNG 봄베22: solenoid valve 22a: CNG cylinder
23,24: 연료공급관CI: CNG 인젝터23,24: fuel supply pipe CI: CNG injector
GI: 가솔린 인젝터S: 실린더GI: Gasoline Injector S: Cylinder
이 같은 목적은 본 고안의 바람직한 실시예에 의해 달성되는 바, 본 고안의 일면에 따르면, 압축 천연가스(Compressed Natural Gas)/(CNG) 및 가솔린(Gasoline)을 사용하는 CNG/가솔린 복합 엔진에 있어서, 스로틀 포지션 센서 및 RPM 센서에 연결되어 상기 각각의 센서로부터 신호를 공급받아 저속 또는 고속 영역을 판단하여 사용 연료를 선택하는 전자 제어 모듈; 및 상기 전자 제어 모듈에 연결되며, 상기 전자제어모듈로부터 설정된 사용연료 신호에 따라 가솔린 연료 펌프 또는 CNG 솔레노이드 밸브를 작동시켜 각각의 연료 공급 파이프를 통해 각각의 인젝터에 의해 엔진의 실린더에 각각의 해당 연료를 분사시키는 연료 전환 릴레이;로 구성되는 것을 특징으로 한다.This object is achieved by a preferred embodiment of the present invention, according to one aspect of the present invention, in the CNG / gasoline composite engine using compressed natural gas (CNG) and gasoline (Gasoline) An electronic control module connected to a throttle position sensor and an RPM sensor to receive a signal from each of the sensors to determine a low speed or a high speed area to select a fuel to be used; And a corresponding fuel to the cylinder of the engine by a respective injector through a respective fuel supply pipe by operating a gasoline fuel pump or a CNG solenoid valve in accordance with a fuel signal set by the electronic control module, the electronic control module being used. It characterized in that consisting of; fuel switching relay for injecting.
본 고안의 다른면에 따르면, 상기 전자 제어 모듈은 저속영역에서는 CNG를 사용연료로 설정하고 고속 영역에서는 가솔린을 사용연료로 설정하도록 구성되는 것을 특징으로 한다.According to another aspect of the present invention, the electronic control module is configured to set the CNG as the fuel used in the low speed region and the gasoline as the fuel used in the high speed region.
이하 본 고안의 바람직한 실시예를 첨부 도면을 참조로하여 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
도 1에는 본고안에 따른 CNG/가솔린 복합엔진의 구성도가 도시되어 있는바, 본 고안에 따른 CNG/가솔린 복합 엔진은 스로틀 포지션 센서(TPS)(11) 및 RPM 센서(12)가 연결된 전자 제어모듈(ECM)(10) 및 상기 전자제어모듈(10)에 연결된 연료 전환 릴레이(20)를 포함한다.1 is a block diagram of the CNG / gasoline combined engine according to the present invention, the CNG / gasoline combined engine according to the present invention is an electronic control module connected to the throttle position sensor (TPS) 11 and RPM sensor 12 (ECM) 10 and a fuel switching relay 20 connected to the electronic control module 10.
보다 상세히 설명하면, 상기 전자 제어 모듈(10)은 스로틀 포지션 센서(11) 및 RPM센서(12)에 연결되어 각각의 스로틀 밸브의 개도 및 RPM 값을 수신하여 이들 각각의 값을 비교하여 사용 연료를 결정하며, 이 같이 결합된 신호를 연료 전환 릴레이(20)에 송신한다. 상기 연료 전환 릴레이(20)에는 가솔린 연료 펌프(21) 및 CNG 솔레노이드 밸브(22)가 연결되어 있으며, 또한 엔진, 즉, 피스톤(P)에 각각 고정된 가솔린인젝터(GI) 및 CNG 인젝터(I)에 연결되는 각각의 연료 공급하는(23, 24)이 연결되어 있어 전자제어 모듈(10)에서의 신호에 따른 솔레노이드 밸브(22) 및 연료 펌프(23)를 적시에 작동시켜 해당 연료를 각각의 연료 공급관(23,24)을 통해 각각의 인젝터(GI, CI)에 의해 실린더(3)내로 분사 시킨다.In more detail, the electronic control module 10 is connected to the throttle position sensor 11 and the RPM sensor 12 to receive the opening degree and the RPM value of each throttle valve and compare the respective values to use the fuel used. And transmit the combined signal to the fuel switching relay 20. A gasoline fuel pump 21 and a CNG solenoid valve 22 are connected to the fuel switching relay 20, and a gasoline injector GI and a CNG injector I fixed to an engine, that is, a piston P, respectively. Each of the fuel supply units 23 and 24 connected to each other is connected to operate the solenoid valve 22 and the fuel pump 23 in a timely manner according to a signal from the electronic control module 10 to supply the corresponding fuel to each fuel. The injectors GI and CI are injected into the cylinder 3 through the supply pipes 23 and 24.
참고로 CNG와 가솔린은 그 엔진 출력 성능은 유사하나 CNG는 탄산 가스의 배출량이 작아 배출 가스면에서 유리하며, 가솔린은 고출력 영역에서 출력 성능이 우수한 것으로 나타났다.For reference, CNG and gasoline have similar engine output performance, but CNG is advantageous in terms of emission gas due to low carbon dioxide emission, and gasoline has excellent output performance in high power range.
이 같은 본 고안에 따른 CNG/가솔린 복합 엔진의 작동에 있어서, 먼저 저속을 요하는 시내교통 주행 조건에서 스로틀 포지션 센서(11)로부터 액셀레이터 페달의 조작 상태가 또한 RPM 센서(12)로부터 낮은 RPM 값이 전자 제어 모듈(10)에 전달되면 전자 제어 모듈(10)은 저속 영역임을 감지하여 연료를 CNG로 결정한다.In the operation of the CNG / gasoline combined engine according to the present invention, first, the operation state of the accelerator pedal from the throttle position sensor 11 is lowered from the RPM sensor 12 in the city traffic driving condition requiring low speed. When the electronic control module 10 is delivered to the electronic control module 10, the electronic control module 10 detects that the low speed region determines the fuel as CNG.
이후 전자 제어 모듈(10)은 이 같은 CNG 연료 사용 신호를 연료 전환 릴레이(20)에 송신하면, 상기 연료 전환 릴레이(20)는 CNG 솔레노이드 밸브(22)로부터 배출되어 연료 공급 라인(24)을 통해 공급되며 CNG 인젝터(CI)에 의해 실린더(S)내로 분사된다. 이에따라 저속에서는 CNG를 연료로하여 엔진이 구동된다.Thereafter, when the electronic control module 10 transmits such a CNG fuel use signal to the fuel switching relay 20, the fuel switching relay 20 is discharged from the CNG solenoid valve 22 to be supplied through the fuel supply line 24. It is supplied and injected into the cylinder S by the CNG injector CI. Accordingly, the engine is driven at low speed with CNG as fuel.
한편, 고속도로 주행시 또는 추월과 같이 고속이 요구되는 경우에는 스로틀 포지션 센서(11) 및 RPH(12) 센서로부터 높은 범위의 엑셀레이터 페달 조작 범위 및 높은 RPH 값이 전자 제어 모듈(10)에 전달되면, 전자 제어모듈(10)은 고속 영역임을 감지하여 연료를 가솔린으로 결정한다. 이후 전자제어 모듈(10)이 이 같은 가솔린 연료 사용 신호를 연료 전환 릴레이(20)에 송신하면, 상기 연료 전환 릴레이(20)는 가솔린 연료 펌프(21)만을 작동시키며, 이에따라 가솔린은 연료 탱크(21a)로부터 배출되어 연료 공급 라인(23)을 통해 공급되어 가솔린 인젝터(GI)에 의해 실린더(S)내로 분사된다. 이에따라 고속에서는 가솔린이 연료를 사용된다.On the other hand, when a high speed is required, such as when driving on a highway or passing, a high range of accelerator pedal operation range and a high RPH value are transmitted from the throttle position sensor 11 and the RPH 12 sensor to the electronic control module 10. The control module 10 determines that the fuel is gasoline by detecting that it is a high speed region. Thereafter, when the electronic control module 10 transmits such a gasoline fuel use signal to the fuel switching relay 20, the fuel switching relay 20 operates only the gasoline fuel pump 21, and accordingly, the gasoline is supplied to the fuel tank 21a. And discharged through the fuel supply line 23 is injected into the cylinder S by the gasoline injector GI. As a result, gasoline uses fuel at high speeds.
결국 저속에서는 배출 가스 성능이 우수한 CNG가 주연료로 사용되며, 고속에서는 고출력시 상대적으로 우수한 출력 성능을 지니는 가솔린이 주연료로 사용된다. 물론 이 같은 연료의 전환은 차속에 따라 반복적으로 실행됨은 자명하다.As a result, at low speeds, CNG is used as the main fuel with excellent emission performance, and at high speeds, gasoline is used as the main fuel, which has a relatively good output performance at high power. Of course, such a fuel change is obviously performed repeatedly according to the vehicle speed.
결과적으로, 본 고안에 따른 CNG/가솔린 복합 엔진을 자동차에 채용하면, 자동차의 속도, 즉, 엔진의 출력에 따라 CNG와 가솔린이 적절히 전환되어 사용될 수 있어 배출 가스로 인한 대기 오염을 방지할 수 있음은 물론, 적시에 고출력을 달성할 수 있어 각각의 연료의 장점을 최대로 이용할 수 있다.As a result, when the CNG / gasoline combined engine according to the present invention is employed in a vehicle, CNG and gasoline can be properly converted and used according to the speed of the vehicle, that is, the output of the engine, thereby preventing air pollution due to exhaust gas. Of course, timely high power can be achieved to take full advantage of the benefits of each fuel.
이상에서 본 고안에 따른 바람직한 실시예에 대해 설명하였지만, 본 기술 분야의 당업자라면 첨부된 실용신안 등록청구의 범위를 벗어남이 없이 다양한 변형예 및 수정예를 실시할 수 있을 것으로 이해된다.Although a preferred embodiment according to the present invention has been described above, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without departing from the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR2019960029259U KR19980015977U (en) | 1996-09-13 | 1996-09-13 | Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) / Gasoline Combined Engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR2019960029259U KR19980015977U (en) | 1996-09-13 | 1996-09-13 | Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) / Gasoline Combined Engine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| KR19980015977U true KR19980015977U (en) | 1998-06-25 |
Family
ID=53975965
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR2019960029259U KR19980015977U (en) | 1996-09-13 | 1996-09-13 | Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) / Gasoline Combined Engine |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| KR (1) | KR19980015977U (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20030033141A (en) * | 2001-10-17 | 2003-05-01 | 씨멘스 오토모티브 주식회사 | An interface circuit for gasoline/lpg injection in car |
| KR101018953B1 (en) * | 2008-05-13 | 2011-03-02 | 콘티넨탈 오토모티브 시스템 주식회사 | Method and apparatus for driving engine of bi fuel car |
-
1996
- 1996-09-13 KR KR2019960029259U patent/KR19980015977U/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20030033141A (en) * | 2001-10-17 | 2003-05-01 | 씨멘스 오토모티브 주식회사 | An interface circuit for gasoline/lpg injection in car |
| KR101018953B1 (en) * | 2008-05-13 | 2011-03-02 | 콘티넨탈 오토모티브 시스템 주식회사 | Method and apparatus for driving engine of bi fuel car |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JPH0960543A (en) | Engine control device | |
| JP2003097326A (en) | Control device and method for fuel injection of engine | |
| US7475534B2 (en) | Method for controlling fuel injection and a motor vehicle | |
| KR20070048684A (en) | System and control method of the diesel-gas dual-fuel engine | |
| US5832893A (en) | Control system for internal combustion engine | |
| JP2007255360A (en) | Engine control device | |
| KR19980015977U (en) | Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) / Gasoline Combined Engine | |
| JPH05332236A (en) | Control device for internal combustion engine | |
| JP3939279B2 (en) | In-cylinder direct injection engine control method | |
| KR930010853B1 (en) | Engine control apparatus for fuel curtailment | |
| JP2017159734A (en) | Engine, engine control system and vehicle equipped with the same | |
| JP3289653B2 (en) | Control device for internal combustion engine | |
| JP3269350B2 (en) | In-cylinder spark ignition internal combustion engine | |
| JP4775360B2 (en) | Automatic engine stop device | |
| KR100211378B1 (en) | Fuel ratio enhancing control method of idle rpm in lean burn combustion engine | |
| KR20080032948A (en) | Diesel and diesel pilot natural gas bi-fuel system of diesel engine | |
| JP2023046758A (en) | Fuel injection device for internal combustion engine | |
| KR19990059878A (en) | Engine control method for direct injection gasoline engine | |
| KR20030031760A (en) | Flexible electronic engine control module and its method for natural gas vehicle | |
| KR100412641B1 (en) | A driving mode control method of gasolin direct injection engin | |
| KR100313371B1 (en) | Run pick control mathod | |
| JPH055451A (en) | Control device for engine | |
| JP2005127233A (en) | Fuel control device | |
| JP2014020264A (en) | Control device for internal combustion engine | |
| KR19980052091A (en) | Fuel Control Engine Control System |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WITN | Application deemed withdrawn, e.g. because no request for examination was filed or no examination fee was paid |