KR102614451B1 - AC-DC power system utilizing a multi-functional non-linear resistances array - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is to provide a milliwatt-class AC-DC power system of less than 1 watt that does not use a transformer, is very small, has good direct current performance without ripples, and is resistant to noise. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a milliwatt-class AC-DC power system of less than 1 watt, which has a linear resistance in the conductor through which the main current of main power flows. Instead of using PN junction elements, a non-linear resistance array is created by connecting PN junction elements in series to reduce internal resistance. A multi-function non-linear resistance array consists of 6 or more elements with PN junctions connected in series, with at least 2 having reverse PN junctions. It forms a pair of elements, and at least one of the parts where each element is connected is also connected to an external terminal.

Description

Multifunctional non-linear resistance array and AC-DC power system utilizing the same {AC-DC power system utilizing a multi-functional non-linear resistances array}

The present invention relates to a multi-functional nonlinear resistance array for manufacturing a small, low-power AC-DC power system by connecting nonlinear resistance elements in series to form an array, and to an AC-DC power system using the same.

Recently, MCUs are being used a lot throughout the industry, so much so that it can be called the era of micro-controller units (MCUs). The MCU is widely used to observe and control analog sensor signals, and since most of them are low-power, they most often use a voltage of 3.3V and a current of 30mA or less. As such, the power supply for driving low-power systems must (1) have very good direct current characteristics without ripples, (2) be very small, (3) be resistant to noise, and (4) be of milliwatt class or less than 1 watt. do.

An AC-DC linear regulator IC (FSAR001B) developed by Fairchild Company that meets the above requirements is commercially available. The digital part of the MCU works well, but the analog part is so noisy that no analog signal is observed. Similar linear regulator ICs have been developed and sold by global companies, but the reality is that at least one of the above requirements is not satisfied.

According to the above requirements, there are two ways to drop the AC voltage from high voltage to low voltage: using a transformer that converts the high voltage on the primary side to low voltage on the secondary side, and a method of dropping the voltage using the impedance of a capacitor without using a transformer. . In the case of the former, the disadvantage is that the transformer is bulky, and in the latter, the current is greatly reduced, but the voltage is not greatly reduced, so it is maintained at the level of the AC input voltage even after rectification with a rectifier diode, making it difficult to power down. In this case, a lot of heat is generated, resulting in great inefficiency. So, in general, the former is used a lot and the latter is rarely used.

In the former case, after the alternating current is rectified, heat is accompanied by smoothing with an electrolytic capacitor larger than the input alternating voltage to direct the current, and in the process of creating a constant voltage by dropping the smoothed current to the required voltage. Additionally, there is noise coming through alternating current. However, the larger the capacity of the electrolytic capacitor, the better, and since it must be greater than the rectified voltage, the smoothing capacitor is very large. Therefore, this smoothing condenser is an obstacle to miniaturization.

Additionally, AC noise includes common mode noise and differential mode (or normal mode) noise. To solve this noise problem, a separate noise filter must be attached. Therefore, the power system will never become smaller due to this problem.

Therefore, due to the above problems, a milliwatt-class power system of less than 1 watt that has very good direct current performance without ripples, is very small, and is resistant to noise does not yet exist. Ultimately, the core of the above problem is lowering the internal resistance of the power system.

US registered patent US 9,912,253 B2 (name: Full Bridge Tunnel Diode Inverter) US published patent US 2011/0163679 A1 (name: AC Light Emitting Diode Device Having Integrated Passive Device)

The present invention is intended to solve the above problems, and its purpose is to develop a milliwatt-class AC-DC power system of less than 1 watt that does not use a transformer, is very small, has good direct current performance without ripples, and is resistant to noise, and a multi-function system used therein. The goal is to provide a nonlinear resistor array.

The above objects and other additional objects will be clearly recognized by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention by the appended claims.

In order to achieve the goal of the above problem, the present invention reduces internal resistance by creating a non-linear resistance array by connecting PN junction elements in series without using a linear resistance in the conductor through which the main current of main power flows in an AC power system.

That is, the multi-function non-linear resistor array according to the first aspect of the present invention for solving the above problem is a multi-function non-linear resistor array in which six or more elements having PN junctions are connected in series between the input terminal and the output terminal, and the 6 At least two of the at least two elements form a reverse PN junction element pair, and at least one middle terminal of the parts where each element is connected is also connected to an external terminal, and the direction of current flow in the multi-function nonlinear resistor array is input It is characterized by heading from the terminal to the output terminal, from the middle terminal to the output terminal, or from the input terminal to the middle terminal.

Preferably, the multi-functional nonlinear resistance array is manufactured using a hybrid method.

Also preferably, the multi-functional nonlinear resistance array is manufactured as a chip through a semiconductor process.

More preferably, the chip is manufactured as one package.

Also preferably, the device having the PN junction includes a diode, Zener diode, bipolar transistor, and field effect transistor.

Meanwhile, the AC-DC power system according to the second aspect of the present invention for solving the above problem is characterized in that the multi-function nonlinear resistance array connected to the AC power source is connected in series with the composite load.

Preferably, the composite load is connected in series with a PN diode or a PN junction Zener diode.

More preferably, it includes a capacitor connected in parallel to the alternating current input power supply.

More preferably, it includes a capacitor connected in series to the alternating current input power source, or includes an inductor connected in series to the alternating current input power source.

Most preferably, two or more multi-functional nonlinear resistance arrays and synthetic loads are connected in parallel.

Also preferably, it includes a composite load of 1W or less including a processor unit.

More preferably, the processor unit includes a processor with a built-in device performing a calculation function, such as a core, CPU, MPU, MCU, etc.

According to the present invention, the rectified voltage waveform of the output of the constant voltage zener bridge diode is output as a smoothed signal without the use of a bulky transformer, so a bulky smoothing capacitor is not required, making miniaturization possible, and reducing the voltage from the rectified voltage to the required constant voltage. By using a nonlinear variable resistor and an array of nonlinear resistors in the process, excellent direct current performance without ripples is possible by eliminating noise above 60Hz, and by eliminating alternating current noise with the constant voltage characteristics of the Zener bridge diode, it is possible to meet the requirements for the above purpose. It is possible to invent a milliwatt-level AC-DC power system of less than 1W and a multi-functional nonlinear resistor array used therein.

Meanwhile, other purposes and advantages of the present invention in addition to the above purposes and effects will be clearly revealed through the detailed description with reference to the attached drawings.

Figure 1a shows that the nonlinear resistance is smaller than the linear resistance under the same conditions.
Figure 1b shows the characteristic curve of a PN junction diode, a representative nonlinear resistance device. The forward direction shows the characteristics of a normal rectifying diode, but the reverse direction shows the characteristics of a Zener diode.
Figure 2a shows the simplest constant voltage circuit consisting of a bipolar transistor consisting of two PN junction diodes and a Zener diode.
Figure 2b shows a circuit in which the feedback function is composed of a bipolar transistor in the constant voltage circuit of Figure 2a.
Figure 3a shows a circuit in which the feedback function in the constant voltage circuit of Figure 2 is comprised of an operational amplifier.
Figure 3b shows a circuit in which a field effect transistor is used in the part where the main current flows in a constant voltage circuit and the feedback function is composed of an operational amplifier.
Figure 4a shows the internal wiring diagram of several types of non-linear resistance elements in a non-linear resistance array: (a) forward diodes connected in series; (b) Forward and reverse diodes connected in series; (c) a mixture of forward and reverse diodes and bipolar transistors connected in series; (d) Forward diode, reverse diode, bipolar transistor, and field effect transistor connected in series.
Figures 4b to 4f show variations of the nonlinear resistor array.
FIG. 5(a) shows the layout of the nonlinear resistor array in FIG. 4a having a hybrid structure or semiconductor chip structure. In addition, it shows that each element is connected to an external terminal at the connection point. These terminals are used to add other functions. Figure 5(a) shows the structure of a multi-functional non-linear resistance array.
Figure 5(b) shows the definition of the symbol for the multi-functional nonlinear resistor array (Figure 5(a)). Here, symbols were created for convenience of writing.
Figure 6 is an example of a multi-functional non-linear resistor array, and shows a multi-function non-linear resistor array connected to alternating current connected in series with a composite load resistor 450.
Figure 7 is an embodiment of a multi-functional non-linear resistor array. In the circuit of Figure 6, a capacitor (C) 460 is connected in parallel to the AC power source and the multi-function non-linear resistor array (R) to form a low-frequency pass filter (RC Low) for high-frequency removal. It shows that the function of Pass Filter has been added.
FIG. 8 shows the addition of a capacitor 470 for AC impedance between the AC power source and the multi-function nonlinear resistor array in the circuit of FIG. 7.
FIG. 9 shows the addition of an inductor 480 for AC impedance between the AC power source and the multi-function nonlinear resistor array in the circuit of FIG. 8.
FIG. 10 shows a multi-function nonlinear resistor array and a composite load resistor connected in parallel in the circuit of FIG. 8.
FIG. 11A shows an embodiment of an AC-DC power system including a multi-functional nonlinear resistor array. (a) in FIG. 11A has a small size of 1W or less, no ripple of 3.3V, a free voltage of AC 80 to 280V, and 150KHz or more. A circuit showing stable operation is shown, and Figure 11a (b) is an internal configuration diagram of a multi-functional nonlinear resistor array corresponding to Figure 11a (a).
Figure 11b shows another embodiment of an AC-DC power system including a multi-functional nonlinear resistor array. (a) in Figure 11b has a small size of 1W or less, no ripple of 3.3V, a free voltage of AC 80 ~ 280V, and 150KHz or more. It shows a circuit that shows stable operation, and Figure 11b (b) is an internal configuration diagram of the multi-functional nonlinear resistor array corresponding to Figure 11b (a).
Figure 12 is a voltage waveform diagram at each point for the multi-function nonlinear resistance array circuit according to the present invention.
Figure 13 is a photograph of an experimental implementation of a multi-functional nonlinear resistance array circuit according to the present invention.
Figure 14 is a photograph of an actual experiment on the multi-functional nonlinear resistance array circuit according to the present invention.
Figure 15 is a photograph of the actual implementation of the multi-functional nonlinear resistance array circuit according to the present invention.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the attached drawings.

However, the embodiments of the present invention may be modified in various forms, and the scope of the present invention should not be construed as limited to the embodiments described in detail below, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art. It is provided for complete explanation.

In one aspect of the present invention, in order to supply a DC voltage of 3.3V to a microcontroller DC system consuming less than 1W of power that detects an analog sensor signal and produces a control signal for controlling power devices, a high-frequency inductor connected to an AC power source and A low-frequency capacitor, an AC-DC bridge zener diode (or bridge diode), and a nonlinear resistance system are connected in series to develop an AC-DC power system that generates no heat from each element.

In another aspect of the present invention, a very small (e.g., 1W or less) low-power AC-DC power system for AC220V to DC 3V was manufactured.

Zener diodes have large leakage current at low voltages, and have large resistance at high voltages, so they cannot flow large currents. At this time, if the voltage is increased to pass a large current, heat is generated and the Zener's tunnel characteristics deteriorate, making it unusable. So use a moderately large voltage. Then, when dropping from a moderately large voltage to a very small voltage, a nonlinear resistor must be used.

When a Zener bridge is used, a smoothed signal is produced, so there is no need to use a smoothing condenser, and only ripples remain in the rectified signal. The rectified signal is still too high to be used, so if the voltage is lowered by passing it through a nonlinear variable resistance element, the size of the ripple is relatively reduced accordingly. By passing this voltage down process through a nonlinear resistance element, the size of the ripple can be minimized. And when voltage regulation is performed in the last step, the small ripple changes into complete direct current. And to remove noise in the ripple, a low-pass filter (for example, a low-pass filter that only passes waveforms below 60Hz) is connected in parallel to the nonlinear resistance element.

Then, a low-capacity, low-voltage capacitance is used instead of a high-capacitance capacitance. Then, the power system can be miniaturized. That is, for example, waveforms above 60Hz are removed.

(Embodiment of multi-functional nonlinear resistor array)

First, embodiments and modifications of a multi-functional nonlinear resistor array according to the first aspect of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1A to 5.

Figure 1a shows that the nonlinear resistance is smaller than the linear resistance under the same conditions.

That is, in the V-I characteristic graph of FIG. 1A, the reciprocal of the slope is the resistance (R), so the slope (1/R2) of the linear (resistive element) straight line and the slope (1/R2) of the non-linear (resistive element) curve 20 ( 1/R1), since I=V1/R1=V2/R2, and V1/V2=R1/R2<1, the resistance (R1) of the nonlinear element is smaller than the resistance (R2) of the linear element. That is, the slope (1/R1) of the nonlinear element is greater than the slope (1/R2) of the linear element.

Meanwhile, Figure 1b shows the forward nonlinear characteristic curve 30 and the reverse nonlinear characteristic curve 40 of a PN junction diode, a representative nonlinear resistance device. The forward direction shows the characteristics of a normal rectifier diode, but the reverse direction shows the characteristics of a Zener diode. Therefore, the breakdown characteristics of the reverse diode show the characteristics of the Zener diode (50), and the reverse diode can be considered a Zener diode.

Continuing, Figure 2a shows the simplest constant voltage circuit consisting of a bipolar transistor consisting of two PN junction diodes and a Zener diode, and a linear (variable) circuit connected between the collector and base terminal of the first bipolar transistor 101 through which power passes. ) It consists of a resistor 102 and a Zener diode 103 for constant voltage connected between the base terminal and ground.

FIG. 2B shows a circuit in which the feedback function in the constant voltage circuit of FIG. 2A is composed of a bipolar transistor, where the control terminal is connected to the connection point of the output voltage dividing resistors 106 and 107, and the emitter terminal is connected to the Zener diode 103. A second bipolar transistor 104 for controlling the first bipolar transistor 101 is added.

At this time, the first NPN transistor 101 can be replaced with a reverse diode pair 240 of an NP-type diode and a PN-type diode in a multi-functional nonlinear resistance array.

In addition, FIG. 3A shows a circuit in which the feedback function of the constant voltage circuit of FIG. 2B is composed of an operational amplifier, and the same applies even if the second transistor 104 is replaced with the comparison amplifier 105.

Moreover, in FIG. 3A, the first NPN bipolar transistor 101 can be replaced with a field effect transistor 111 through which power passes, and the first field effect transistor 111 is a multi-function nonlinear resistor in which a field effect channel is formed. It can be replaced with a reverse diode pair 250 of an NP-type diode and a PN-type diode in the array. That is, Figure 3b shows a circuit in which the field effect transistor 111 is used in the part where the main current flows in the constant voltage circuit and the feedback function is composed of the operational amplifier 105.

Now, Figure 4a shows an internal wiring diagram of various types of non-linear resistance elements in a non-linear resistance array. Figure 4a (a) shows a multi-functional non-linear resistance array (200-) in which only forward diodes are connected in series. 1) The forward diode array 210 does not fall within the scope of the present invention.

On the other hand, the multifunctional nonlinear resistor arrays 200-2, 200-3, and 200-4 in which forward diodes and reverse diodes of FIGS. 4A(b) to 4A(d) are connected in series are determined whether a field effect channel is formed or not, and whether a field effect channel is formed or not. Regardless of the number of diode pairs and whether they are NPN or PNP types, they fall within the scope of the present invention.

More specifically, (b) in FIG. 4A shows a nonlinear resistance in which at least one diode pair 220 (referred to as 'NPN type diode pair' in this specification) in which an NP-type diode and a PN-type diode are connected in series in the reverse direction is present. An example of an array (200-2) is shown.

Figure 4a (c) is an example of a nonlinear resistance array (200-3) including a PNP type diode pair 230 and an NPN type diode pair 240, and Figure 4a (d) shows a field effect channel. This is an example 200-4 of a nonlinear resistor array including a PNP type diode pair 250 and an NPN type diode pair 240.

Non-illustrated symbols (221), (241), and (251) are external terminals at the connection points of the forward diode and reverse diode in the multi-function nonlinear resistance array.

Meanwhile, the multi-function nonlinear resistor array may further include an additional forward diode connected in series to the PNP type diode pair 250 or the NPN type diode pair 240, as shown in FIGS. 4B to 4F, or Two or more pairs of the above nonlinear resistor arrays may be connected in series, and FIGS. 4B to 4F show various modifications.

Additionally, the multifunctional nonlinear resistor arrays 200-2, 200-3, and 200-4 in which the forward diodes and reverse diodes of FIGS. 4A (b) to 4A (d) are connected in series are manufactured on a single chip through a semiconductor process. Since it can be manufactured by being built into the chip 300 of this multi-functional nonlinear resistance array, only the connection terminals 221, 241, and 251 can be exposed to the outside. That is, Figure 5(a) shows the layout of the multi-functional nonlinear resistor array of Figures 4a (b) to (d) manufactured in a hybrid structure or semiconductor chip structure. In addition, it shows that each element is connected to an external terminal at the connection point. These terminals are used to add other functions, and Figure 5(a) shows the structure of a multi-functional non-linear resistance array.

The unexplained symbol 310 is a symbol for such a multi-functional nonlinear resistance array, and was created for convenience of writing. That is, Figure 5(b) shows the definition of a symbol that simply represents the multi-functional nonlinear resistance array 300. An unexplained symbol 311 is an input terminal of the multi-function nonlinear resistor array 300, an unexplained code 312 is an output terminal of the multi-function nonlinear resistor array 300, and an unexplained code 313 is an input terminal of the multi-function nonlinear resistor array 300. It is the middle terminal of the resistor array 300.

(Embodiment of AC-DC power system)

Now, with reference to FIGS. 6 to 15, for an AC-DC power system according to the second aspect of the present invention, characterized in that the multi-functional nonlinear resistor array is connected to an AC power source and connected in series with a composite load. Explain.

That is, embodiments of the actual application of the multi-function nonlinear resistor array 310 to the power system are described. FIG. 6 is a first application example of the multi-function nonlinear resistor array, as a step-down DC converter connected to the AC power source 400. It shows that the multi-functional nonlinear resistor array 310 is connected in series with the composite load resistor 450.

In the circuit of Figure 6, first, the multi-function nonlinear resistance array 310 of the present invention is connected in series between the AC power source 40 and the composite load resistor 450, and the forward current is "AC power source 40 -> multi-function. It flows in the following order: nonlinear resistance array 310 -> composite load resistance 450 -> second rectifying diode 420 -> AC power supply 40 (see solid arrow). In addition, a first rectifying diode 410 is inserted between the input terminal 311 of the multi-function nonlinear resistor array 310 and ground, and the middle terminal 313 of the multi-function nonlinear resistor array 310 and the AC power supply ( 40), the third rectifying diode 430 is inserted between them, and the reverse current is "AC power supply 40 -> third rectifying diode 430 -> multi-functional nonlinear resistance array 310 -> composite load. It flows in the following order: resistance 450 -> first rectifying diode 410 -> AC power supply 40 (see dotted arrow). The rectifying diodes 410, 420, and 430 are preferably Zener diodes for rectifying.

Figure 7 shows a second application example of a multi-function nonlinear resistor array, in which a multi-function nonlinear resistor array 310 as a low pass filter (LPF) connected to an AC power source 400 is connected in series with a composite load resistor 450.

In the circuit of FIG. 7, a capacitor (C) 460 for a low-frequency pass filter is connected in parallel with the AC power source in the circuit of FIG. 6 and the multi-function nonlinear resistor array 310 to form a low-frequency pass filter (RC) for high-frequency removal. It shows that the function of Low Pass Filter has been added.

FIG. 8 shows a third application example of a multi-function nonlinear resistor array, in which an AC impedance capacitor 470 is added between the AC power source and the multi-function nonlinear resistor array 310 in the circuit of FIG. 7. This serves to reduce AC voltage.

FIG. 9 shows a fourth application example of a multi-function nonlinear resistor array, in which an inductor 480 for AC impedance is added between the AC power source and the multi-function nonlinear resistor array 310 in the circuit of FIG. 8. This serves to reduce AC voltage.

FIG. 10 is a fifth application example of a multi-function nonlinear resistor array, and shows a multi-function nonlinear resistor array and a composite load resistor connected in parallel in the circuit of FIG. 8. The function of this parallel connection is to create a power supply with various target voltages (e.g. +3.3V, -3.3V, 5V, etc.). That is, the circuit of the second multi-function non-linear resistor array (310-2) and the second composite load resistor (450-2) is connected to the other intermediate terminal 314 of the first multi-function non-linear resistor array (310-1). , a more stepped-down direct current voltage is generated than that of the first multi-functional nonlinear resistance array 310-1. Additionally, the circuit of the third multi-function non-linear resistor array (310-3) and the third composite load resistor (450-3) may be connected in parallel to the other intermediate terminal 314 of the first multi-function non-linear resistor array (310-1). there is.

Meanwhile, in FIGS. 6 to 10, the first to third rectifying diodes 410, 420, and 430 are used as Zener diodes for rectification, but they may be used as general rectifier diodes rather than Zener diodes. It is not outside the scope of the present invention.

Figure 11a shows another application example of a multi-functional nonlinear resistor array. Figure 11a (a) shows a small circuit with no ripple of 3.3V under 1W and stable operation even at a free voltage of AC 80 to 280V and over 150KHz. FIG. 11A (b) is an internal configuration diagram of a multi-function nonlinear resistance array corresponding to FIG. 11A (a).

More specifically, the AC AC power supply 400 is connected to the bridge diode BD1 through the AC resistance capacitor C2 and the low-frequency pass filter capacitor C1, and the bridge diode BD1 has a multi-function nonlinear The NPN transistor 240 in the resistor array and the equivalent NPN type diode pair 240 and the first step-down circuit of the variable resistor VR1 are connected. The first step-down circuit is formed by connecting a first variable resistor (VR1) between the base and the collector of the NPN type diode pair 240, while the second step-down circuit is formed by connecting the second NPN type diode pair 240'. A second variable resistor (VR2) is connected between the base and the collector, and the first Zener diode (ZD1) is connected to the base terminal, and the third step-down circuit is also connected to the base of the third NPN type diode pair (240"). A third variable resistor (VR3) is connected between and the collector, and a second zener diode (ZD2) is connected to the base terminal. On the other hand, the fourth step-down circuit is a PNP-type diode pair 250 in which a field effect channel is formed. The fourth variable resistor (VR4) is connected between the gate and the source, and the third zener diode (ZD3) is connected to the gate terminal, and the feedback function operational amplifier (OP1), the fifth variable resistor (VR5), and the 6 This shows a case where a feedback circuit consisting of a resistor (R6) is provided.

In some cases, a forward diode 210 in the multi-function non-linear resistor array may be added, and the connection point of each NPN type diode pair (240, 240', 240") is outside the base of the NPN transistor in the multi-function non-linear resistor array. The terminal 240B is provided (see (b) of FIG. 11A), and the gate of the PNP-type diode pair 250 in which the field effect channel is formed also has an external terminal 250G of the gate of the field effect transistor in the multi-functional nonlinear resistor array. It is provided.

The external terminal 241 of the NPN transistor in the multi-function nonlinear resistor array is also provided at the connection point between the adjacent NPN type diode pairs (240 and 240'; 240' and 240").

Additionally, in order to remove noise in the ripple, a capacitance (C3) for a low pass filter (a low pass filter that only passes waveforms of 60 Hz or less) is connected in parallel to the nonlinear resistance element 210.

Meanwhile, in FIG. 11a, an example of implementation using a Zener diode is shown for the bridge diode (BD1). However, as shown in FIG. 11b, the diode used in the bridge diode (BD1) is a general diode rather than a Zener diode. There is no problem in using it, and even if a general diode is used, it does not go beyond the scope of the present invention.

That is, Figure 11b shows another additional application example of a multi-functional nonlinear resistor array. Figure 11b (a) shows a small size with no ripple of 3.3V under 1W and stable operation even at a free voltage of AC 80 to 280V and over 150KHz. Shows a circuit that shows . (b) in FIG. 11B is an internal configuration diagram of a multi-functional nonlinear resistance array corresponding to (a) in FIG. 11B, and includes a bridge diode 210 using a general diode.

In Figure 11a (a) and Figure 11b (a), the points expressed as bold dots, including member numbers 510, 520, 530, 540, and 550, represent external terminals, especially number 510, 520, 530, 540, and 550 represent the first to fifth measurement points, respectively, and 510 and 520 are also represented by reference numerals 221 and 241 in Figures 11a (b) and Figure 11b (b), respectively. do.

(Experimental example)

Finally, with reference to FIGS. 12 to 15, an experimental example of an AC-DC power system using the multi-functional nonlinear resistance array circuit of the present invention will be described in detail.

FIG. 12 is a voltage waveform diagram at each point for the multi-function nonlinear resistor array circuit according to the present invention, FIG. 13 is a photograph of an experimental implementation example of the multi-function nonlinear resistor array circuit according to the present invention, and FIG. This is a photo showing an actual experiment on the multi-functional nonlinear resistance array circuit, and Figure 15 is a photo of the actual implementation of the AC-DC power system 700 using the multi-functional nonlinear resistor array circuit according to the present invention.

That is, in FIG. 13, after implementing the multi-functional nonlinear resistance array circuit according to the present invention for experimentation, as shown in FIG. 14, an oscilloscope was used for the AC-DC power system 600 including the multifunction nonlinear resistance array for experimentation. The experimental results of observing the waveform at each point using are shown in Figure 12. Reference number 800 is an oscilloscope for waveform measurement. The oscilloscope probe 810 is connected to a point of the motor control overload relay 900 connected to the load 450, and the final target DC 3.3V measurement waveform is output from the oscilloscope. It is shown as waveform 820.

In the circuit of FIG. 12, the 12.4V voltage (see (a) of FIG. 12) at the point 510 first rectified by the bridge diode (BD1) is further reduced by the first step-down circuit (240, VR1). It is stepped down to a low voltage of 11.4V (see (b) in FIG. 12), and then stepped down again to an even lower voltage of 5.92V (see (c) in FIG. 12) by the second step-down circuit (240', VR2, ZD1, C3). In addition, it is reduced to a lower voltage of 5.12V (see (d) of FIG. 12) by the third step-down circuit (240", VR3, ZD2), and finally, the fourth step-down circuit (250, VR4, ZD3) , OP1), the desired stable DC 3.4V voltage can be obtained.

FIG. 12 is a voltage waveform diagram at each point for the multi-functional nonlinear resistance array circuit according to the present invention. FIG. 12 (a) is the output waveform of the 510 connection point in FIG. 11A (a), and FIG. 12 (b) ) is the output waveform of the 520 connection point in (a) of Figure 11A, (c) in Figure 12 is the output waveform of the 530 connection point in (a) of Figure 11A, and (d) in Figure 12 is ( This is the output waveform of the 540 connection point in a), and is shown as the final output waveform (waveform of the 550 connection point) for comparison.

In other words, although the present invention has been described above according to an embodiment of the present invention, changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art in the technical field to which the present invention pertains without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention are also included in the present invention. Belonging is natural.

10: linear straight line
20: Non-linear curve
30: Nonlinear characteristic curve of forward diode
40: Nonlinear characteristic curve of reverse diode
50: Breakdown characteristics of reverse diode (characteristics of Zener diode)
101: Bipolar transistor through which power passes
102: linear resistance
103: Zener diode for constant voltage
104: Bipolar transistor for control (of the bipolar transistor through which power passes)
105: Amplifier for comparison
106: Linear resistance 1 for proportional
107: Linear resistance 2 for proportional
111: Field effect transistor through which power passes
210: Forward diode in multifunctional nonlinear resistor array
211: External terminal of the forward diode in the multi-function nonlinear resistor array
220: Reverse diode (Zener diode) in a multi-functional nonlinear resistor array
221: External terminal of reverse diode in multi-function nonlinear resistor array
230: PNP transistor (reverse PN junction element pair) in a multi-function nonlinear resistor array
240: NPN transistor (reverse PN junction element pair) in a multi-function nonlinear resistor array
240B: External terminal of the base of the NPN transistor
241: External terminal of NPN transistor in multi-function nonlinear resistor array
250: Field-effect transistor (reverse PN junction element pair) in a multi-function nonlinear resistor array
250G: Gate terminal of field effect transistor
251: External terminal of the field effect transistor in the multi-functional nonlinear resistor array
300: Chip structure of multifunctional nonlinear resistor array
310: Multifunctional nonlinear resistor array
310-1: First multi-function nonlinear resistor array
310-2: Second multi-function nonlinear resistor array
310-3: Third multi-function nonlinear resistance array
400: AC power
410: First rectifying diode (Zener or rectifying diode)
420: Second rectifier diode (Zener or rectifier diode)
430: Third rectifying diode (Zener or rectifying diode)
450: Composite load resistance
450-1: 1st composite load resistance
450-2: Second composite load resistance
450-3: Third composite load resistance
460: Capacitor for low-frequency pass filter
470: Capacitor for alternating current resistance
480: Inductor for alternating current resistance
510: Measuring point 1
520: Measuring point 2
530: Measuring point 3
540: Measuring point 4
550: Measuring point 5
600: AC-DC power system including a multi-functional nonlinear resistance array for experimentation
700: AC-DC power system including the multi-functional nonlinear resistance array of the present invention
800: Oscilloscope
810: Oscilloscope probe
820: Oscilloscope output waveform (3.3V target)
900: Overload relay for motor control connected to the load

Claims (14)

It is a multi-functional nonlinear resistor array in which six or more elements having a PN junction are connected in series between an input terminal and an output terminal, where at least two of the six or more elements form a reverse PN junction element pair, and each element is connected Among the parts, at least one middle terminal is connected to an external terminal, and the direction of current flow in the multi-function nonlinear resistor array is from the input terminal to the output terminal, from the middle terminal to the output terminal, or from the input terminal to the middle terminal. Multifunctional nonlinear resistor array.
According to claim 1,
The multi-function non-linear resistor array is a multi-function non-linear resistor array whose chips are manufactured using a hybrid method.
According to claim 1,
The multi-function non-linear resistor array is a multi-function non-linear resistor array manufactured as a monolithic chip through a semiconductor process.
According to claim 3,
The chip is a multi-functional nonlinear resistor array manufactured in one package.
According to claim 1,
The device having the PN junction is a multi-functional nonlinear resistor array including a diode, Zener diode, bipolar transistor, and field effect transistor.
An AC-DC power system in which the multi-functional nonlinear resistor array of claim 1 connected to an AC power source is connected in series with a composite load.
According to claim 6,
The composite load is an AC-DC power system connected in series with a PN diode or PN junction Zener diode.
According to claim 7,
An alternating current-direct current power system that includes a capacitor connected in parallel to an alternating current input power source.
According to claim 8,
An alternating current-direct current power system that includes a capacitor connected in series with an alternating current input power source.
According to claim 8,
An alternating current-direct current power system that includes an inductor connected in series with an alternating current input power source.
According to clause 9,
An AC-DC power system in which a multi-functional nonlinear resistance array and two or more composite loads are connected in parallel.
According to claim 6,
An AC-DC power system with a combined load of 1W or less, including a processor unit.
According to claim 12,
The processor unit is an AC-DC power system including a processor with a built-in device that performs arithmetic functions, such as a core, CPU, MPU, or MCU.
According to claim 2,
The chip is a multi-functional nonlinear resistor array manufactured in one package.