KR102610980B1 - Water leakage monitoring system for hydraulic structures using electrical resistivity detector - Google Patents

Abstract

The water leak monitoring system of a hydraulic structure using an electrical resistivity probe according to the present invention includes an electrical resistivity probe that measures the electrical resistivity of a hydraulic structure using power generated from a solar cell panel; A monitoring server including an analysis module that generates water leak information of the hydraulic structure by analyzing electrical conductivity, which is the reciprocal of the electric resistivity measured by the electric resistivity probe, and an alarm module that generates an alarm based on the water leak information of the hydraulic structure; It is characterized by including.
According to the water leak monitoring system for hydraulic structures using an electrical resistivity detector according to the present invention, the problem of electrical noise occurring with the power applied when measuring electrical resistivity is minimized while charging and supplying power on its own, and the generated power is efficiently used based on IOT. It has the effect of presenting an environment that can be utilized.

Description

Water leakage monitoring system for hydraulic structures using electrical resistivity detector}

The present invention relates to a water leak monitoring system for hydraulic structures using an electrical resistivity probe. The electrical resistivity probe not only provides basic measurement functions for checking water leaks, but also provides a solar photovoltaic power generation device to supply power on its own when measuring electrical resistivity. This is about a water leak monitoring system for hydraulic structures that provides an environment in which the generated power can be utilized more efficiently based on IOT while minimizing problems caused by electrical noise caused by applied power.

Electrical resistivity exploration is an exploration method that analyzes underground structure by determining the distribution of electrical resistivity underground by measuring the potential difference created by a direct current source injected underground.

Currently, the electrical resistivity exploration method is being used for a wide range of investigations, including exploration of mineral deposits, geological structure investigation such as identification of underground fracture zones or fault structure zones, investigation of groundwater and hot spring development locations, identification of environmental contamination zones, and civil ground investigation.

This electrical resistivity probe is performed using an electrical resistivity probe, which includes a current electrode that passes current and a voltage electrode (potential electrode) that measures the potential difference described above.

In addition, the electrical resistivity probe is connected to a control server or monitoring server to transmit measurement information, and in many cases, an Internet connection environment is established to measure the potential difference in real time and transmit the information to the electrical resistivity probe. It may include a display panel that allows the administrator to immediately check measurement information or set measurement conditions.

As such, the electrical resistivity detector includes various facilities that require power, so it is generally supplied with power from a 220V external power source, but there is a problem that electrical noise due to the external power supply often occurs while measuring the potential difference.

The modified electrical resistivity survey device and survey analysis method for detecting water leaks in waterside structures, registered in Korea Patent No. 1999107, includes the step (S1) of generating a potential difference by supplying current to current electrodes placed upstream and downstream of the waterside structure, respectively. , acquiring data using the D-Lux array, which is an array that measures the potential difference between all potential electrodes installed upstream of the waterfront structure and all potential electrodes installed downstream (S2), and visualizing the data based on the D-Lux array. It has been disclosed that by including the step (S3) of generating a D-Lux view represented by a matrix, it is effective in detecting water leaks with high reliability by considering the shape of the waterside structure and the depth of the water leak area.

However, the above technology does not provide any specific solution to solve the problem mentioned above, that is, the electrical noise generated in the process of measuring the potential difference due to external power supply.

Therefore, there is a need to develop a monitoring system for hydraulic structures that includes a new and advanced electrical resistivity probe equipped with its own power supply facility as well as eliminating electrical noise generated in the process of measuring potential differences.

Korea Registered Patent No. 1999107

The present invention was developed to overcome the problems of the above technology, and is equipped with solar photovoltaic power generation equipment to supply power on its own, minimizing the problem of electrical noise occurring with the power applied when measuring electrical resistivity, and generating power based on IOT. The main purpose is to provide a water leakage monitoring system for hydraulic structures that provides an environment that can be utilized more efficiently.

Another purpose of the present invention is to propose an exploration algorithm that can precisely determine the degree of water leakage based on the fillability of the hydraulic structure.

Another object of the present invention is to provide materials and layers that can enhance the electrical conductivity of electrodes, especially current electrodes, while providing a surface protection function.

In order to achieve the above object, the water leakage monitoring system of a hydraulic structure using an electrical resistivity probe according to the present invention includes an electrical resistivity probe that measures the electrical resistivity of a hydraulic structure using power generated from a solar cell panel; A monitoring server including an analysis module that generates water leak information of the hydraulic structure by analyzing electrical conductivity, which is the reciprocal of the electric resistivity measured by the electric resistivity probe, and an alarm module that generates an alarm based on the water leak information of the hydraulic structure; It is characterized by including.

In addition, the electrical resistivity probe includes a current generation module that applies the power generated by the solar cell panel to a plurality of electrodes to inject current into the hydraulic structure through the current electrode, and a potential difference generated in the hydraulic structure through the potential electrode. It is characterized by including a voltage measurement module for measuring.

In addition, the current electrode is characterized in that it contains 60 to 70 parts by weight of graphene and 30 to 40 parts by weight of polyaniline.

According to the water leak monitoring system for hydraulic structures using an electrical resistivity detector according to the present invention,

1) It has the advantage of minimizing the problem of electrical noise occurring with the power applied when measuring electrical resistivity while charging and supplying power on its own and presenting an environment in which the generated power can be efficiently utilized based on IOT.

2) It provides convenience and accuracy in accurately determining the state of water leakage through the fillability of the hydraulic structure.

3) It has the effect of enhancing durability by strengthening the electrical conductivity of the current electrode and adding an additional layer that protects the surface.

1 is a block diagram showing the schematic configuration of the system of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a block diagram showing the schematic internal configuration of the electrical resistivity probe of the present invention.
Figure 3 is a block diagram showing the schematic external configuration of the electrical resistivity probe of the present invention.
Figure 4 is a block diagram showing a schematic operating sequence of the system of the present invention.
Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a distribution image of cement grouting filler in a three-dimensional reservoir embankment.
Figure 6 is an illustration of an analysis of the reservoir embankment of Figure 5.
Figure 7 is a flowchart showing the steps of manufacturing the surface protective layer of the present invention.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. The accompanying drawings are not drawn to scale, and like reference numbers in each drawing refer to like elements.

1 is a block diagram showing the schematic configuration of the system of the present invention.

First, as can be seen from Figure 1, the system of the present invention is based on including an electrical resistivity detector 100 and a monitoring server 200.

The monitoring server 200 of the present invention is equipped with an environment capable of communicating with the electrical resistivity probe 100 through a communication means and monitors various states of hydraulic structures based on the electrical resistivity measured by the electrical resistivity probe 100. It analyzes the water leak status and provides a function to issue an alarm to the manager if there is a problem with the water leak or if there is a high possibility of a problem occurring.

That is, the monitoring server 200 performs a function of controlling all processes that may generate an alarm by measuring the status of the hydraulic structure while performing wired and wireless communication with the electrical resistivity detector 100.

This monitoring server 200 is based on hardware equipped with a central processing unit (CPU) and storage means such as memory and hard disk, and a program that can be executed on the central processing unit, that is, software, is installed and can execute this software. A series of specific configurations for the software will be described later as structural units such as 'module', 'part', and 'part'.

Configurations such as 'modules' or 'parts' or 'interfaces' or 'parts' are hardware such as software or FPGA or ASIC that runs through CPU and memory while being installed and stored in the storage means of the monitoring server 200. refers to the work composition of . At this time, the meaning of 'module', 'unit', or 'interface' is not limited to hardware, and may be configured to reside in an addressable storage medium or to reproduce one or more processors.

As an example, 'module' or 'part' or 'interface' refers to components such as software components, object-oriented software components, class components and task components, processes, functions, and properties. Contains fields, procedures, subroutines, segments of program code, drivers, firmware, microcode, circuits, data, databases, data structures, tables, arrays, and variables.

The functions provided by these 'modules' or 'parts' or 'interfaces' can be combined into smaller numbers of components and 'parts' or 'modules' or can be divided into additional components and 'parts' or 'modules'. Could be further separated.

In addition, the monitoring server 1 refers to all types of hardware devices including at least one processor, and depending on the embodiment, it may be understood as encompassing software configurations operating on the hardware device. For example, a computing device as an example of a server may be understood as including, but is not limited to, a smartphone, tablet PC, desktop, laptop, and user clients and applications running on each device.

The detailed configuration of the system of the present invention, including such macroscopic configuration relationships, is described with drawings as follows.

Figure 2 is a block diagram showing a schematic internal configuration of the electrical resistivity probe of the present invention, and Figure 3 is a block diagram showing a schematic external configuration of the electrical resistivity probe of the present invention.

As is well known, the electrical resistivity probe 100 is a device that measures the electrical resistivity distribution of underground or hydraulic structures.

Here, electrical resistivity is the reciprocal of the electrical conductivity of the material and is a physical property that indicates how much the material resists electricity.

In other words, electrical resistivity is a measure of how much a material of a standard unit size resists transmitting electrical energy at a specific temperature, and the unit of electrical resistivity is generally expressed as ohmmeter (Ωm).

Electrical resistivity exploration is a geological investigation method that measures the distribution of electrical resistivity underground and determines the physical and chemical characteristics of the underground. This method can be used as a basis for finding underground water sources, minerals, voids, structures, etc. or analyzing underground structures. can be equipped.

In addition, the electrical resistivity probe 100 of the present invention measures the electrical resistivity of hydraulic structures. 'Hydraulic structures' is a general term for structures built to store and use water, including dams, pumping stations, and inland waterways. , In the present invention, it can be understood as specifically referring to the main body of a dam or the wall of a reservoir, that is, an embankment.

In particular, the electrical resistivity probe 100 of the present invention includes solar power generation equipment 110 equipped with a solar cell panel 111, and provides power, that is, current, to the hydraulic structure based on the power obtained from solar power generation. It can be injected.

Specifically, as can be seen in FIG. 2, the solar power generation equipment 110 is based on the solar cell panel 111 (solar panel), which performs the main function of converting sunlight into electrical energy, that is, power. It includes a charger 112 that charges/stores the generated power, and a power supply 120 that receives power from the charger 112 and supplies power to electrodes, etc., which will be described later.

The electrical resistivity probe 100 of the present invention goes beyond the advantage of simply producing power through self-generation of solar energy, and can use the power charged in the charger in real time without being supplied with external power, so it can generate electricity based on the existing 220V power supply. It provides characteristics that can reduce the problem of resistivity probes, that is, the problem of increased electrical noise due to power supply during electrical resistivity measurement.

The electrical resistivity probe 100 of the present invention has a maximum output current of 1,000 mA, a maximum output voltage of 400 V, and above all, provides a measurement range of +/- 50 V, making it possible to conduct electrical resistivity tomography exploration with large electrical resistance values.

In other words, due to the limited measurement range of +/- 5V of the known electrical resistivity probe (eg, AGI's Supersting R8), there is a problem that the measured value exceeds the measurement range in exploration with large measured values such as electrical resistivity tomography exploration. Alternatively, if the injection current is lowered to 20 mA or less, the signal-to-noise ratio is lowered and the accuracy of the data is lowered, but the electrical resistivity probe of the present invention has characteristics that can solve this problem.

In addition, as can be seen from FIG. 3, the electrical resistivity probe 100 of the present invention not only functions as a type of IOT in a USB connectable manner, but also provides various intuitive operation buttons and provides operation status, etc. through the display panel. It provides the convenience of easy-to-understand printing.

In addition, like the known electrical resistivity probe, the electrical resistivity probe 100 of the present invention may also include a current generation module 130 and a voltage measurement module 140.

The current generation module 130 provides the function of generating a predetermined current from the current electrode through the power source and injecting it into the repair structure, and the voltage measurement module 140 has the function of measuring the potential difference generated in the repair structure through the potential electrode. provides.

The electrodes of the electrical resistivity detector 100 are composed of current electrodes (C1, the +current electrode and C2 - the current electrode) and potential electrodes (P1, P2...). In the present invention, in particular, 2 28 electrodes, consisting of 26 current electrodes and 26 potential electrodes, can be expanded and connected to a total of 6 sets, or a total of 224 electrodes, through up to 6 connectors, boasting a wide measurement range for hydraulic structures.

Various methods can be applied to the arrangement structure of these current electrodes and potential electrodes, and FIG. 2 illustrates the application of a dipole-dipole array.

In the dipole electrode arrangement, the current electrodes (C1, C2) are arranged at a fixed distance from the measurement point, and the potential electrodes (P1, P2...) can be arranged at a certain distance from the current electrode. It has the advantage of providing greater sensitivity to resistivity changes in regions of high , reducing the effects of noise and interference on the measurement signal as well as providing improved depth resolution, especially compared to other electrode arrays such as Wenner or Schlumberger arrays.

Of course, in addition to this, various array structures such as Schlumberger array, Wenner array, and pole-dipole array can be applied depending on the measurement purpose or detailed conditions of the hydraulic structure. Of course.

Figure 4 is a block diagram showing a schematic operating sequence of the system of the present invention.

As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 4, the monitoring server 200 of the present invention basically includes an analysis module 210 and an alarm module 220 while being communicatively connected to the electrical resistivity detector described above. .

The analysis module 210 provides a function to generate water leakage information of the hydraulic structure by analyzing electrical conductivity, which is the reciprocal of the electrical resistivity measured by the electrical resistivity detector 100.

That is, the analysis module 210 measures the electrical resistivity distribution of the hydraulic structure to determine the structure of the hydraulic structure as well as the location and characteristics of the materials constituting the hydraulic structure. If there is an object with a different electrical resistivity, this abnormality is detected. Distortion of the equipotential line occurs, and by measuring this distortion of the potential, information on the position, size, shape, and physical properties of the ideal body can be obtained.

In particular, the electrical resistivity changes at the leaking area of the hydraulic structure. In other words, water has high electrical conductivity, so the electrical resistivity is lowered at the area where the water leak occurs, so the analysis module uses this to determine the location of the leak or the state of the water leak. can be identified, and by combining this information, water leakage information, that is, information including the location of the water leak and the degree of water leakage at that location, can be generated.

In particular, the analysis module 210 of the present invention can provide a basis for generating more specific and precise water leak information by utilizing the water leak index, which will be described in detail later.

The alarm module 220 provides a function to generate an alarm based on water leakage information of the hydraulic structure. At this time, the alarm generating means may be a speaker, a smartphone owned by the manager, etc., such as an audible alarm through a speaker, An alarm can be generated in the same way as an alarm signal generated by linking with the administrator's smartphone.

In addition, the water leak information includes the situation/location where the actual water leak occurs as well as the situation/location where the water leak is likely to occur, and based on this, the alarm module preemptively provides the manager with the location of the water leak or the location where the water leak is likely to occur. It is also possible to provide a function that generates an alarm while doing so.

The operating principle of the system of the present invention can be summarized again with reference to FIG. 4. In an environment where the Internet is connected through a router along with the manager's smartphone and constant monitoring of the repair structure is possible, repairs are performed through the electrical resistivity detector 100. In addition to generating and transmitting various water leakage information such as the electrical resistivity distribution of the structure, water-containing images, and moisture level to the manager, the water leakage index time series data calculated through monitoring is quantified through data processing such as quantile normalization. In addition, it provides the feature of preventing disaster risks caused by hydraulic structures in advance by generating alarms for forecasts/warnings based on water leakage information.

In particular, the system of the present invention provides the property that the electrical resistivity probe 100 includes the solar power generation equipment 110 to measure the electrical resistivity of hydraulic structures while minimizing the generation of electrical noise as well as the convenience of power supply. .

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a cement grouting filler distribution image in a three-dimensional reservoir body, and Figure 6 is an analysis example of the reservoir body of Figure 5.

Figure 5 is a 3D image analyzing the three-dimensional stratum structure and distribution of grouting filler inside the Wangsin reservoir embankment located in Gyeongju-si, Gyeongbuk, and Figure 6 is a two-dimensional analysis cross-sectional view analyzed by the analysis module of the present invention on the internal survey line of the Wangsin reservoir. am.

In this way, the analysis module 210 of the present invention can obtain information on the location, size, shape, and physical properties of various abnormal bodies in the hydraulic structure as well as water leakage information.

As mentioned earlier, in electrical resistivity exploration, the water leak section usually appears as a low electrical resistivity abnormality, but since the size of the abnormality is very small at the beginning of the water leak, it is not easy to clearly interpret the water leak section in the early stages even if time-lapse inversion is applied.

Therefore, routine electrical resistivity monitoring requires precise data acquisition and processing.

To this end, the analysis module 210 of the present invention presents an algorithm that can determine the water leakage index based on fillability.

First, the current generation module 130 provides the function of injecting alternating current into the hydraulic structure, and in response, the analysis module 210 includes a chargeability determination unit 211, a water leak index calculation unit 212, and a water leak analysis unit. Includes part 213.

The chargeability determination unit 211 provides a function of determining chargeability from the electrical conductivity of the hydraulic structure.

와 저주파 전기전도도

는 다음과 같이 주어진다.When alternating current with a certain frequency is injected underground, that is, into a hydraulic structure, the electrical conductivity of the medium in the hydraulic structure shows different values depending on the frequency, and the high-frequency electrical conductivity

and low-frequency electrical conductivity

is given as follows:

는 공극률(porosity),

는 공극의 수포화도(water saturation), n은 대개의 수리구조물을 포함한 지하 매질에서 2.0 정도의 값을 갖는 포화도 지수(saturation exponent),

는 공극수의 전기전도도,

는 입자의 밀도(kg/m3), CEC는 양이온 교환 능력 (cation exchange capacity, C/kg), B는 표면전도(surface conduction)에 의한 이온의 겉보기 유동성(m2/sV),

는 분극에 의한 이온의 겉보기 유동성(apparent mobility)을 나타낸다.Here, F is the formation factor,

is the porosity,

is the water saturation of the pores, n is the saturation exponent, which has a value of about 2.0 in underground media including most hydraulic structures,

is the electrical conductivity of pore water,

is the density of particles (kg/m3), CEC is cation exchange capacity (C/kg), B is the apparent mobility of ions due to surface conduction (m2/sV),

represents the apparent mobility of ions due to polarization.

와

는 공극수에 의한 전기전도도와 표면전도에 위한 전기전도도의 합으로 주어진다.In the above equation

and

is given as the sum of the electrical conductivity due to pore water and the electrical conductivity for surface conduction.

In Archie's law (Archie, 1942), F is,

F =

It is given as, where m is the cementation exponent and has a value between 1.3 and 2.5, and is close to 2 in most media.

, 저주파 전기비저항을

라 하면Meanwhile, in the time-domain induced polarization investigation, the charge M shows high-frequency electrical resistivity in the frequency domain.

, low-frequency electrical resistivity

If you say

Equation 1.

It is defined as

That is, the chargeability M can be determined from high-frequency/low-frequency electrical conductivity by the chargeability determination unit 211.

은 수학식 1로부터,Meanwhile, chargeability is normalized to high-frequency electrical resistivity.

From equation 1,

It can be given as .

이 큰 영역은 누수 위험성이 높은 영역으로 해석할 수 있고, 이에 따라 누수 지수 산출부(212)는

의 크기에 따라 누수 지수(leak index)

를 다음과 같이 산출할 수 있다.thus

This large area can be interpreted as an area with a high risk of water leakage, and accordingly, the water leakage index calculation unit 212

Leak index depending on the size of

can be calculated as follows.

Equation 2.

은 누수지수)(here,

(Silver Leakage Index)

의 분포를 구한 다음, 수학식 2를 사용하여 계산된다. The leakage index is first calculated by inverting the induced polarization survey data.

After obtaining the distribution, it is calculated using Equation 2.

= 1이 되며,

이 0에 가까운 역산 블록, 즉 수분함량이 매우 작은 역산 블록에서

= 0이 된다.In Equation 2, in the inversion block with the largest moisture content,

= 1,

In this inversion block close to 0, that is, in the inversion block with a very small moisture content,

= becomes 0.

The water leak analysis unit 213 can generate numerical water leak information based on this water leak index. Water leak information can also be expressed in terms of high and low values based on the high and low values of the numerical range from 0 to 1 of the water leak index mentioned above. can be created.

According to this algorithm, the analysis module 210 of the present invention can determine the fillability of the hydraulic structure by the alternating current injected into the hydraulic structure, and based on this, can reasonably calculate the water leak index and generate water leak information, It provides characteristics that enable both speed and accuracy in generating water leakage information.

Meanwhile, the material of the electrode of the present invention, especially a current electrode, more preferably an electrode for efficiently injecting alternating current into the hydraulic structure, is important.

Current electrodes for such alternating current injection must be able to satisfy high electrical conductivity, low impedance, corrosion resistance, and low loss rate.

Commonly used electrodes are made of materials such as stainless steel, copper, gold, and silver. Gold and silver have the problem of being expensive, copper has the problem of being oxidized and corroded easily in a humid environment, and stainless steel has the problem of being oxidized and corroded easily. Not only is it less electrically conductive than copper, but it also has the disadvantage of being heavier and more expensive than copper.

In order to compensate for this, the current electrode of the present invention may include 60 to 70 parts by weight of graphene and 30 to 40 parts by weight of a conduction enhancer containing polyaniline.

Graphene is a two-dimensional nanomaterial composed of carbon atoms one atom thick. It has very high electrical conductivity, high tensile strength, and is flexible, so it not only has high resistance to physical external forces, but also has high thermal conductivity. It generates little heat and has excellent corrosion resistance, ensuring stable operation even in humid environments.

Polyaniline is a conductive polymer that possesses electrical conductivity and chemical stability.

Polyaniline has a chain structure in which highly reactive aniline units are connected, so electrons can move freely within the chain, boasting excellent electrical conductivity.

In particular, mixing polyaniline with graphene at the above-mentioned composition ratio can exert a synergistic effect to enhance electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, mechanical strength, and flexibility, providing superior advantages over electrode materials such as copper or stainless steel.

Furthermore, it is possible to layer a surface protection layer on the surface of such electrodes, especially current electrodes, that can protect the surface of the electrode while maintaining conductivity.

Figure 7 is a flowchart showing the steps for manufacturing the surface protective layer of the present invention.

When described with reference to FIG. 7, the surface protective layer of the present invention is prepared in the first material manufacturing step (S11). It can be manufactured through the secondary material manufacturing step (S12) and completion step (S13).

(S11) Primary material manufacturing steps

First, a primary material is prepared by mixing 10 to 20 parts by weight of carbon black, 20 to 40 parts by weight of polypyrole, and 40 to 70 parts by weight of dimethylformamide (N,N-Dimethylformamide).

Carbon black refers to carbon that has not been crystallized but has been processed into a fine powder of several μm or less. It has excellent electrical conductivity and provides the function of increasing or maintaining the electrical conductivity of the current electrode.

Dimethylformamide is an organic solvent that increases the solubility of polypyrrole and at the same time provides the function of dispersing carbon black.

Polypyrrole is a representative conductive polymer obtained by electrolytic polymerization of pyrrole, and is known to have semiconductor-level conductivity. It is added to assist the function of carbon black and further enhance the effect of improving the electrical conductivity of the surface protective layer.

(S12) Secondary material manufacturing steps

Next, prepare the secondary material by mixing 85 to 95 parts by weight of the primary material with 3 to 10 parts by weight of amodimethicone and 1 to 10 parts by weight of guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride. .

Amodimethicone is a type of siloxane polymer whose ends are substituted with amino functional groups. It has excellent emulsibility and increases the solubility of various components contained in secondary materials. It also functions as an anti-foaming agent, creating unnecessary voids on the surface of the current electrode. It prevents formation and creates a smoother surface, minimizing energy dissipation and loss in voids.

Guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride is a substance derived from guar gum and is known to provide a viscosity adjusting effect. Therefore, it provides the function of increasing the adhesion of the surface protective layer to the surface of the current electrode by adjusting the viscosity of the various compositions that make up the surface protective layer to an appropriate level.

(S13) Completion stage

Finally, 90 to 98 parts by weight of the secondary material, 1 to 3 parts by weight of maltitol syrup, and 1 to 5 parts by weight of caprylyl glycol are mixed to complete the conductive functional agent.

Maltitol syrup is a maltitol mixture containing sorbitol, hydrogenated oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides, and has the shape of a colorless and transparent viscous liquid or a white crystalline lump.

This maltitol syrup has the advantage of being very stable at various acidity (pH) and heat, and because it can function as an excipient, it can help make the surface protective layer more rigid, thereby promoting long-term stabilization.

Caprylyl glycol is a substance that can be extracted from coconut oil. It has antibacterial properties and can provide a natural preservative effect when added to the surface protective layer.

According to this surface protective layer, it is possible to contain various conductive materials, sufficiently maintaining a high level of electrical conductivity, improving adhesion to the electrode surface, and at the same time preventing pores on the electrode surface to minimize energy dispersion and loss in the pores. At the same time, it has excellent antibacterial properties and long-term stability, which can improve the lifespan of the electrode.

In order to explain the physical properties according to the composition of the surface protective layer, the evaluation results of Examples and Comparative Examples will be compared and explained.

The examples are comprised of preferred examples of the surface protective layer of the present invention, Comparative Example 1 is titanium dioxide, which is widely used as an electrode surface protective layer, and Comparative Example 2 is PET, which is also widely used as an electrode surface protective layer.

<Example>

The primary material was prepared by mixing 15 g of carbon black, 25 g of polypyrrole, and 60 g of dimethylformamide.

The secondary material was prepared by mixing 90g of the prepared primary material, 7g of amodimethicone, and 3g of guahydroxypropyltrimonium chloride.

A surface protective layer was completed by mixing 95 g of the prepared secondary material, 2 g of maltitol syrup, and 3 g of caprylyl glycol.

<Comparative Example 1>

100g titanium dioxide

<Comparative Example 2>

PET (polyethylene terephthalate) 100g

<Method for measuring physical properties>

1) Conductivity: Surface resistance was evaluated using an ohm meter. The Oum metagi used at this time was Mitsubishi Chemical's Loresta EP MCP-T360. The unit is expressed as Ω/㎡.

2) Adhesion: After taping 10 times with a taping tester, a relative evaluation was performed based on the change in surface resistance. The taping tester was a product from Nitto.

Table 1 shows the experimental results. conductivity adhesion Example 690 Good Comparative Example 1 520 error Comparative Example 2 420 error

As shown in the above-described experimental results, the Examples of the present invention exhibit excellent electrical conductivity when compared to Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and at the same time, it can be confirmed that good adhesion is exhibited even during repeated use, showing excellent electrical conductivity and long-term use stability. You can check that.
As explained so far, the configuration and operation of the water leak monitoring system for hydraulic structures using an electrical resistivity probe according to the present invention are expressed in the description and drawings, but this is only an example and the idea of the present invention is not reflected in the description and drawings. It is not limited to this, and of course, various changes and modifications are possible without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention.

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100: Electrical resistivity probe 110: Solar power generation equipment
111: solar panel 112: charger
120: Power supply 130: Current generation module
140: voltage measurement module 200: monitoring server
210: analysis module 211; Chargeability detection part
212: Leakage index calculation unit 213: Leakage analysis unit
220: Alarm module

Claims (8)

A water leak monitoring system for hydraulic structures using an electrical resistivity probe,
An electrical resistivity probe that measures the electrical resistivity of hydraulic structures using power generated from solar panels;
A monitoring server including an analysis module that generates water leak information of the hydraulic structure by analyzing electrical conductivity, which is the reciprocal of the electric resistivity measured by the electric resistivity probe, and an alarm module that generates an alarm based on the water leak information of the hydraulic structure; Contains,
The electrical resistivity probe,
It includes a current generation module that applies the power generated by the solar cell panel to a plurality of electrodes to inject current into the hydraulic structure through the current electrode, and a voltage measurement module that measures the potential difference generated in the hydraulic structure through the potential electrode. ,
The current electrode is,
Containing 60 to 70 parts by weight of graphene and 30 to 40 parts by weight of polyaniline,
A surface protective layer is laminated on the surface of the current electrode,
The surface protective layer is,
A primary material prepared by mixing 10 to 20 parts by weight of carbon black, 20 to 40 parts by weight of polypyrole, and 40 to 70 parts by weight of dimethylformamide (N,N-Dimethylformamide). manufacturing steps,
A secondary material is prepared by mixing 85 to 95 parts by weight of the primary material with 3 to 10 parts by weight of amodimethicone and 1 to 10 parts by weight of guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride, secondary material manufacturing steps, and
A completion step of completing the surface protective layer by mixing 90 to 98 parts by weight of the secondary material with 1 to 3 parts by weight of maltitol syrup and 1 to 5 parts by weight of caprylyl glycol. A monitoring system, characterized in that manufactured. According to clause 1,
The current generation module is,
Injecting alternating current into the hydraulic structure,
The analysis module is,
A chargeability detection unit that determines chargeability from the electrical conductivity of the hydraulic structure,
A water leak index calculation unit that calculates a water leak index from the fillability,
A monitoring system comprising a water leak analysis unit that generates water leak information based on the water leak index. According to clause 2,
The chargeability detection unit,
A monitoring system characterized by determining chargeability through Equation 1 below.
Equation 1.

(Here, M is rechargeability,

silver high frequency electrical conductivity,

(low-frequency electrical conductivity) According to clause 3,
The water leakage index calculation unit,
A monitoring system characterized in that the water leakage index is calculated through Equation 2 and Equation 3 below.
Equation 2.

(here,

(Chargeability normalized to high-frequency electrical resistivity)
Equation 3.

(here,

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