KR102602720B1 - Beam Steering Device of Phased Array Antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a beam steering device for a phased array antenna. More specifically, the present invention relates to a beam steering device for a phased array antenna. More specifically, it is possible to prevent the problem of broadening the beam width or lowering the gain of the steering beam output when transmitting and receiving a broadband signal by simultaneously using frequency modulation and phase shift. It relates to a beam steering device for a phased array antenna.
To this end, the present invention outputs a received signal in a predetermined beam direction and includes a plurality of antenna elements installed spaced apart from each other; A plurality of phase shifters that adjust the phase of a received signal according to external control and are respectively connected to a plurality of antenna elements and output to the antenna elements or receive signals from the antenna elements; A signal processor that generates an IQ signal of the baseband waveform and transmits it to the phase shifter or extracts the IQ signal from a signal received from the phase shifter and modulates the output frequency according to external control; And a control unit that performs a time delay of the signal output from each of the plurality of antenna elements so that the signal is output in a predetermined beam direction through the plurality of antenna elements, wherein the control unit performs phase shift through a plurality of phase shifters and Time delay is performed through frequency modulation of the signal processor.

Description

Beam Steering Device of Phased Array Antenna}

The present invention relates to a beam steering device for a phased array antenna. More specifically, the present invention relates to a beam steering device for a phased array antenna, and more specifically, when transmitting and receiving a broadband signal using frequency modulation and phase shift simultaneously, the steering beam output is different depending on the frequency, so that the beam width is widened or the gain is lowered. It relates to a beam steering device for a phased array antenna that can prevent problems.

A phased array antenna can quickly control the direction of the synthesized beam by arranging a plurality of antenna elements in one dimension or space and then electrically controlling the phase of each element through a phase shifter that adjusts the phase of each element. By using the principle, there are various advantages such as high reliability, rapid and accurate direction by controlling the phase of the antenna array regardless of mechanical drive in directing the beam.

Due to these advantages, in addition to improving the direction speed of radar beams mounted on fighter planes or ships, the scope of its use has gradually expanded to include transmission/reception antennas for aircraft and satellite imaging radar (SAR) and relay technology for mobile communications. It is becoming.

Figure 1 shows a schematic configuration diagram of a conventional phased array antenna.

As shown in Figure 1, a conventional phased array antenna includes M antenna elements 1, a phase shifter 2 that adjusts the phase of the signal input to each of the antenna elements 1, and the phase shifter ( 2) A transmitter (3) that generates an IQ signal in the form of a baseband to be transmitted and up-converts the frequency, and controls the transmitter (3) and the phase shifter (2) so that the beam is output in the desired direction. It includes a controller (4) that does.

In addition, the antenna element 1 can receive an external signal, and the phase shifter 2 receives the received signal and adjusts the phase under the control of the controller 4, and the adjusted signal is sent to the receiver (not shown). is received and the IQ signal is extracted.

In the beam steering device using such a phased array antenna, if a plurality of antenna elements 1 are arranged on a two-dimensional plane, the array factor of the phased array antenna can be expressed as follows.

,

은 x축, y축 방향의 안테나 소자 위치이며, θ는 고도각, φ는 방위각이고, 각도 θ 및 φ에 빔을 조향하기 위해서는

,

의 위치에 있는 안테나 소자의 위상 천이값은

가 된다. here,

,

is the location of the antenna element in the x-axis and y-axis directions, θ is the elevation angle, and ϕ is the azimuth angle. In order to steer the beam at angles θ and ϕ,

,

The phase shift value of the antenna element at the position is

It becomes.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a general beam pattern, and FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a beam pattern according to d/λ.

Referring to the drawings, (a) and (b) of FIG. 2 are diagrams showing the beam pattern, that is, the antenna directivity. In the case of (a), it is a normal beam pattern and the main beam pattern has no grating lobe (6). This is a beam pattern in which only the lobe 5 (main lobe) is formed, and (b) is a diagram showing a poor beam pattern in which the grating lobes 6 are formed on both sides of the main lobe 5.

In this way, when the grating lobes 6 are generated in the beam pattern, the steering beam is output in an undesired direction, causing a problem in that the gain of the steering beam that should be output in the desired direction decreases and the beam is radiated in an undesired direction.

These grating lobes 6 are a phenomenon that occurs when the spacing between the antenna elements 1 increases, and generally spacing of the antenna elements does not occur below wavelength/2.

In addition, in the case of (a) of Figure 3, the beam pattern is for d/λ = 0.5 and d/λ = 0.7. In the case of d/λ = 0.5, the grating lobe 6 does not occur, and the main beam pattern at 30° Although the lobe 5 exists, when d/λ=0.7, it has a beam pattern in which the grating lobe 6 exists at about -70° in addition to the main lobe 5 at 30°.

In addition, when d/λ = 1.5 as shown in (b) of FIG. 3, the grating lobes 6 are located at approximately 40° and -40° even without beam steering.

In addition, phased array antennas that use broadband signals have the problem that as the beam steering angle increases, the gain of the steering beam decreases and the beam width widens.

In addition, the size of the phased array antenna element is limited depending on the risk of occurrence of grating lobes, which makes it impossible to take advantage of the fact that the larger the area of the antenna element, the larger the antenna gain and the narrower the beam width of the main lobe.

Therefore, if the size of the antenna element is increased to prevent the generation of grating lobes, signals can be transmitted and received further even without increasing the transmission power. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of a beam steering device that can limit the generation of grating lobes.

Korea Registered Utility Model No. 20-0406784

The present invention was developed to solve the above problems, and by using frequency modulation and phase shift simultaneously, it is possible to prevent the problem of the beam width being widened or the gain being lowered due to the steering beam being output when transmitting and receiving a wideband signal depending on the frequency. The purpose is to provide a beam steering device with

In addition, the purpose is to provide a beam steering device that can prevent or minimize the radiation of the beam to unwanted areas due to the occurrence of grating lobes by using a broadband signal.

The present invention has the following features to solve the above problems.

The present invention outputs a received signal in a predetermined beam direction and includes a plurality of antenna elements installed spaced apart from each other; A plurality of phase shifters that adjust the phase of a received signal according to external control and are respectively connected to a plurality of antenna elements and output to the antenna elements or receive signals from the antenna elements; A signal processor that generates an IQ signal of the baseband waveform and transmits it to the phase shifter or extracts the IQ signal from a signal received from the phase shifter and modulates the output frequency according to external control; And a control unit that performs a time delay of the signal output from each of the plurality of antenna elements so that the signal is output in a predetermined beam direction through the plurality of antenna elements, wherein the control unit performs phase shift through a plurality of phase shifters and Time delay is performed through frequency modulation of the signal processor.

Here, the signal processor includes a transmitter that generates the IQ signal and transmits it to the phase shifter; and a receiver that extracts the IQ signal from the signal received from the phase shifter, wherein the transmitter includes: an IQ signal generator that generates the IQ signal; a modulation signal generator that generates a modulation signal for modulating the frequency of the IQ signal under the control of the control unit; A carrier signal generator that generates a carrier signal; and a frequency modulator that performs frequency modulation by combining at least two of the IQ signal, the modulation signal, and the carrier signal received under the control of the control unit.

In addition, the control unit performs frequency modulation by combining the IQ signal and the modulation signal in the frequency modulator, and performs frequency modulation by combining the IQ signal and a modified carrier signal in the frequency modulator, The frequency modulation unit performs frequency modulation through at least one of combining the IQ signal multiplied by a sinusoidal function and the carrier signal to perform frequency modulation.

) 및 상기 변조 신호의 주파수 변조값(

)을 산출하여 시간 지연을 수행하되, 상기 위상 천이값(

) 및 주파수 변조값(

)은 하기 식 (1) 및 식 (2)로 산출된다.In addition, when the IQ signal is a Linear Frequency Modualization (LFM) signal, the control unit provides a phase shift value for each phase shifter in the LFM signal (

) and the frequency modulation value of the modulation signal (

) is calculated to perform time delay, and the phase shift value (

) and frequency modulation value (

) is calculated using the following equations (1) and (2).

Equation (1)

Equation (2)

,

,

,

는 시간 지연값(Time Delay)이고,

이다.) (here, the above

,

,

,

is the time delay value,

am.)

) 및 상기 주파수 변조값(

)에서 2차 시간 지연을 수행하여 목적하는 총 시간 지연을 수행하되, 상기 총 시간 지연은 상기 1차 시간 지연과 2차 시간 지연의 합이고, 상기 1차 시간 지연은 2차 시간 지연보다 크다.In addition, when performing the time delay, the control unit generates the IQ signal by performing the first time delay in the digital band, and the phase shift value (

) and the frequency modulation value (

), a secondary time delay is performed to achieve a desired total time delay, wherein the total time delay is the sum of the first time delay and the secondary time delay, and the primary time delay is greater than the secondary time delay.

In addition, when performing the time delay, the control unit changes the start time in the waveform of the IQ signal, or changes the start time after removing a predetermined area from the front and rear ends of the waveform of the IQ signal.

Additionally, the receiving unit may include a carrier signal removal unit that removes a carrier signal from the signal received from the phase shifter under the control of the control unit; A modulation signal extraction unit for extracting a modulation signal from the received signal; IQ signal extraction unit for extracting the IQ signal; and a frequency modulator that synchronizes with the frequency modulation of the transmitter under the control of the control unit and separates at least two of the IQ signal, the modulation signal, and the carrier signal from the signal received from the phase shifter.

In addition, a plurality of antenna elements are arranged on a two-dimensional plane, and the distance between the antenna elements is 0.5λ or more.

According to the present invention, even when a wideband signal is used, the beam width of the output steering beam is widened and the problem of lowering the gain of the steering beam can be prevented.

Figure 1 shows a schematic configuration diagram of a conventional phased array antenna.
Figure 2 is a diagram showing an example of a general beam pattern.
Figure 3 is a diagram showing an example of a beam pattern according to d/λ.
Figure 4 is a block diagram schematically showing the configuration of a beam steering device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figures 5 and 6 are diagrams showing an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 7 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a signal processor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 8 is a diagram showing a digital transmitter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 9 is a diagram schematically showing the transmission configuration of a beam steering device to which an analog type transmitter is applied according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In order to explain the present invention, its operational advantages, and the purpose achieved by practicing the present invention, preferred embodiments of the present invention are illustrated and discussed with reference to them.

First, the terms used in this application are only used to describe specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention, and singular expressions may include plural expressions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In addition, in the present application, terms such as "comprise" or "have" are intended to designate the presence of features, numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof described in the specification, but are not intended to indicate the presence of one or more other It should be understood that this does not exclude in advance the presence or addition of features, numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

In describing the present invention, if it is determined that a detailed description of a related known configuration or function may obscure the gist of the present invention, the detailed description will be omitted.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram schematically showing the configuration of a beam steering device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 5 and 6 are diagrams showing an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Additionally, Figure 7 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a transmitter according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 8 is a diagram showing a digital type transmitter according to an embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 9 is an embodiment of the present invention. This is a diagram schematically showing the transmission configuration of a beam steering device using an analog type transmitter according to .

Referring to the drawings, the beam steering device 1000 according to an embodiment of the present invention outputs a received signal in a predetermined beam direction, includes a plurality of antenna elements 100 installed spaced apart, and external control. The phase of the received signal is adjusted according to the plurality of phase shifters (200), which are each connected to the plurality of antenna elements 100 and output to the antenna elements 100 or receive signals from the antenna elements 100. ) and, generate an IQ signal of the baseband waveform and transmit it to the phase shifter 200, or extract the IQ signal from a signal received from the phase shifter 200, according to external control. Time delay of the signal output from each of the plurality of antenna elements is performed so that the signal is output in a predetermined beam direction through the signal processor 300 that modulates the output frequency and the plurality of antenna elements 100, and a plurality of phase shifts are performed. It is configured to include a control unit 400 that performs time delay through phase shift through the signal processor 200 and frequency modulation of the signal processor 300.

Here, a plurality of antenna elements 100 are arranged in a one-dimensional line or a plurality is arranged on a two-dimensional plane, and each antenna element 100 is equipped with a phase shifter 200 that shifts the phase of the input signal. connected.

The antenna elements 100 receive signals from the phase shifter 200 and output each signal, and the signals output from the plurality of antenna elements 100 cancel or reinforce each other and are output in a predetermined beam direction.

This beam direction is output from the control unit 400 so that a main lobe is formed at the desired azimuth angle (ϕ) and elevation angle (θ).

The antenna elements 100 of the present invention may be formed as a plurality of antenna assemblies 110 arranged on a two-dimensional plane, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, and may be provided with a support stand as necessary. It may be supported on the assembly 120 and configured to perform precise horizontal adjustment through the level adjuster 130.

In addition, a radome assembly 140 may be formed on the front side of the antenna assembly 110 to protect the antenna assembly 110.

The spacing between the antenna elements 100 of such a two-dimensional array structure, expressed in λ, which is the wavelength of the signal output according to an example of the present invention, can be set to 1.1λ, and preferably the spacing between the antenna elements is It is configured to have more than 0.5λ.

)을 갖는 신호로 위상이 조정되어 이들과 각각 연결되는 상기 안테나 소자(100)로 전달되고, 빔을 수신받을 때에는 각 안테나 소자(100)들로부터 수신받은 신호를 제어부(400)의 제어에 따라 각각 다른 위상 천이값(

)을 갖는 신호로 위상이 조정되어 이들과 연결되는 신호 처리기(300)로 조정된 신호를 전달한다. Meanwhile, as described above, the phase shifter 200 uses the signal received from the signal processor 300 when the control unit 400 wants to output a beam in a desired direction through the antenna elements 100. Each different phase shift value (

) The phase is adjusted to a signal with a Different phase shift values (

The phase is adjusted to a signal having ) and the adjusted signal is transmitted to the signal processor 300 connected to them.

)을 기초로 출력되는 주파수를 변조시킨다. In addition, the signal processor 300 generates an IQ signal of a baseband waveform and transmits it to the phase shifter 200 or extracts the IQ signal from a signal received from the phase shifter 200. The frequency modulation value calculated by the control unit 400 (

) modulates the output frequency based on

The signal processor 300 includes a transmitter 310 that generates the IQ signal and transmits it to the phase shifter 200, and a receiver 320 that extracts the IQ signal from the signal received from the phase shifter 200. ), where the transmitter 310 generates an IQ signal generator 311 that generates the IQ signal, and a modulation signal for modulating the frequency of the IQ signal under the control of the controller 400. Combining at least two of the IQ signal, the modulation signal, and the carrier signal received under the control of the modulation signal generator 312, the carrier signal generator 313, which generates a carrier signal, and the controller 400. It includes a frequency modulator 314 that performs frequency modulation.

The transmitter 310 may be composed of a digital transmitter and an analog transmitter, respectively. The digital transmitter transmits a carrier signal (for example, 2.5) generated by the carrier signal generator 313 as shown in FIG. 2. GHz) is transmitted to the digital waveform synthesizer (DDS) and synthesized with the IQ signal generated by the IQ signal generator 311, and the synthesized IQ signal is synthesized with the modulation signal generated by the modulation signal generator 312. As it is transmitted to the digital-to-analog converter (DAC), it is finally transmitted to the phase shifter 200.

The IQ signal is a baseband waveform, also called a quadrature signal or complex signal, and may be composed of two elements, I and Q.

This IQ signal can be defined as a two-dimensional signal whose value at a specific time can be expressed as a single complex number.

In Figure 8, the I signal and the Q signal are each formed as a waveform of -225 to 225 MHz, for example, and the modulation signal is explained as a waveform of 400 to 850 MHz, for example.

Meanwhile, the frequency modulator 314 is provided to perform frequency modulation by combining at least two of the IQ signal, the modulation signal, and the carrier signal received under the control of the control unit 400. The frequency modulator 314 ) Frequency modulation is largely performed in three forms under the control of the control unit 400.

First, frequency modulation can be performed by combining a modulation signal with the waveform of the IQ signal, the waveform of the IQ signal is constant and the carrier signal is changed differently to perform frequency modulation, or the waveform of the IQ signal is kept constant and thus a sinusoidal waveform is performed. Frequency modulation can be performed by multiplying the function.

Of course, depending on the setting, frequency modulation may be performed through a combination of these.

FIG. 8 shows an example in which the frequency modulator 314 performs frequency modulation by combining the modulation signal with the IQ signal through the modulation signal generator 312.

When performing frequency modulation by multiplying the sinusoidal function, there may be a method of storing the sinusoidal function in the memory of the frequency modulator 314 and multiplying it, or a method of generating a waveform using several equations including the sinusoidal function.

Meanwhile, as shown in FIG. 9, in the analog type transmitter, the IQ signal and the modulation signal are synthesized and transmitted to the phase shifter 200.

The modulation signal is generated by the modulation signal generator 312, where the modulation signal generator 312 may be, for example, a local oscillator.

)을 산출하여 위상 천이를 수행하고, 주파수 변조값(

)을 산출하여 주파수 변조가 수행되도록 상기 위상 천이기(200) 및 신호 처리기(300)를 각각 제어할 수 있다. Meanwhile, the control unit 400 performs a time delay of the signal output from each of the plurality of antenna elements so that the signal is output in a predetermined beam direction through the plurality of antenna elements 100, and uses a plurality of phase shifters 200. It is provided to perform time delay through phase shift and frequency modulation of the signal processor 300. As described above, the control unit 400 performs phase shift for each of the plurality of antenna elements so that the steering beam is output in the desired direction. value(

) is calculated to perform a phase shift, and the frequency modulation value (

) can be calculated to control the phase shifter 200 and the signal processor 300 to perform frequency modulation, respectively.

)과 주파수 변조값(

)를 산출하는 과정을 일예로 설명하도록 한다. In the present invention, the beam width is widened in a wideband signal, and phase shift and frequency modulation are performed simultaneously to prevent or minimize the steering beam due to the grating lobe from being radiated to an unwanted place by using a wideband signal. If the IQ signal is a Linear Frequency Modualization (LFM) signal, the phase shift value (

) and frequency modulation value (

) will be explained as an example.

The LFM waveform can be expressed as follows.

이며,

이다. Here, k, the chirp rate, is

and

am.

Additionally, phase delay can be expressed as follows.

Through this, time delay can be performed as follows.

이며, 주파수 변조와 위상 천이(Shift)가 수행된 결과로 나타낼 수 있다. thus

, and can be expressed as the result of frequency modulation and phase shift.

로 나타낼 수 있고, 주파수 변조값(shift frequency)은

로 나타낼 수 있으며, 전체 주파수(frequency)는

로 나타낼 수 있고, shift wavelength는

로 나타낼 수 있다.In addition, shift angular velocity is

It can be expressed as, and the frequency modulation value (shift frequency) is

It can be expressed as, and the total frequency is

It can be expressed as, and the shift wavelength is

It can be expressed as

Therefore, the total frequency can be expressed as follows.

이고,

이다.Through this, the wavelength

ego,

am.

로 나타낼 수 있다. together

It can be expressed as

)과 주파수 변조값(

)은 각각

이고,

로 나타낼 수 있다. Therefore, the phase shift value (

) and frequency modulation value (

) are respectively

ego,

It can be expressed as

Accordingly, the control unit 400 can perform time delay by performing phase shift and frequency modulation in the phase shifter 200 and the signal processor 300, respectively, using the calculated phase shift value and frequency modulation value.

In addition, according to another embodiment of the present invention, the control unit 400 can perform the overall time delay through the primary time delay and the secondary time delay, which is a relatively large time delay in the digital transmitter 310. Since the first time delay, which is a coarse delay, can be performed, the entire time delay that the control unit 400 wants to achieve can be achieved through the second time delay, which is a precise time delay.

이고,

로 나타낼 수 있다. in other words,

ego,

It can be expressed as

(n=0, 1, 2,...)는 1차 시간 지연을 나타내며, td’은 2차 시간 지연을 나타낸다. where td represents the total time delay,

(n=0, 1, 2,...) represents the first time delay, and td' represents the second time delay.

If this is expressed in a formula, it is as follows.

Meanwhile, according to another embodiment, when performing time delay, when using the waveform of a general IQ signal, the control unit 400 changes the start time in the waveform of the IQ signal, or changes the front and rear ends of the waveform of the IQ signal. After removing a predetermined area of the rear end, the start time can be changed to reflect the time delay.

Of course, if time delay is performed by changing the start time in the digital transmitter 310, precise time delay may not be performed.

Meanwhile, the beam steering device 1000 according to the present invention can output an output signal in a desired beam form and simultaneously receive a signal received through the antenna element 100.

)을 기초로 위상을 조정하고, 신호 처리기(300)는 제어부(400)에서 산출된 주파수 변조값(

)을 기초로 주파수 변조가 수행된다. In this case, in the signal input to the antenna element 100, the phase shifter 200 calculates the phase shift value (

), the signal processor 300 adjusts the phase based on the frequency modulation value calculated by the control unit 400 (

) Frequency modulation is performed based on

Of course, when the control unit 400 performs beam output through the transmitter 310, the calculated frequency modulation configuration can be synchronized in the receiver 320 to extract the IQ signal in reverse.

The receiving unit 320 of the signal processor 300 includes a carrier signal removal unit 321 that removes the carrier signal from the signal received from the phase shifter 200 under the control of the control unit 400, and A modulation signal extractor 322 for extracting a modulation signal from a signal, an IQ signal extractor 323 for extracting the IQ signal, and the phase are synchronized with the frequency modulation of the transmitter under the control of the control unit 400. It may be comprised of a frequency modulator 324 that separates at least two of the IQ signal, the modulation signal, and the carrier signal from the signal received from the shifter 200.

Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. In other words, a person skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains can make numerous changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims, and all such appropriate changes and modifications can be made. Equivalents should be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention.

100: antenna element
200: phase shifter
300: signal processor
310: Transmitting unit
311: IQ signal generator
312: modulation signal generator
313: carrier signal generator
314: Frequency modulation unit
320: Receiving unit
321: carrier signal removal unit
322: Modulation signal extraction unit
323: IQ signal extraction unit
324: Frequency modulation unit
400: control unit
1000: Beam steering device

Claims (8)

A plurality of antenna elements are installed to output a received signal in a predetermined beam direction and are spaced apart from each other;
A plurality of phase shifters that adjust the phase of a received signal according to external control and are respectively connected to a plurality of antenna elements and output to the antenna elements or receive signals from the antenna elements;
A signal processor that generates an IQ signal of a baseband waveform and transmits it to the phase shifter or extracts the IQ signal from a signal received from the phase shifter and modulates the output frequency according to external control; and
A control unit that performs a time delay of the signal output from each of the plurality of antenna elements so that the signal is output in a predetermined beam direction through the plurality of antenna elements,
The control unit,
Performing time delay through phase shifting through a plurality of phase shifters and frequency modulation of the signal processor,
The signal processor is,
a transmitter that generates the IQ signal and transmits it to the phase shifter; and
Including a receiving unit that extracts the IQ signal from the signal received from the phase shifter,
The transmitter,
an IQ signal generator generating the IQ signal;
a modulation signal generator that generates a modulation signal for modulating the frequency of the IQ signal under the control of the control unit;
A carrier signal generator that generates a carrier signal; and
A frequency modulator that performs frequency modulation by combining at least two of the IQ signal, the modulation signal, and the carrier signal received under the control of the control unit.
Beam steering device of a phased array antenna, characterized by a.
delete According to paragraph 1,
The control unit,
Combining the IQ signal and the modulation signal in the frequency modulator to perform frequency modulation,
Performing frequency modulation by combining the IQ signal and the modified carrier signal in the frequency modulator,
Performing frequency modulation by combining the IQ signal and the carrier signal multiplied by a sinusoidal function in the frequency modulation unit.
Performing frequency modulation through at least one
Beam steering device of a phased array antenna, characterized by a.
According to paragraph 3,
The control unit,
If the IQ signal is a Linear Frequency Modualization (LFM) signal,
Phase shift values for each phase shifter in the LFM signal (

) and the frequency modulation value of the modulation signal (

) is calculated to perform the time delay,
The phase shift value (

) and frequency modulation value (

) is calculated using the following equations (1) and (2)
Beam steering device of a phased array antenna, characterized by a.
Equation (1)

Equation (2)

(here, the above

,

,

,

is the time delay value,

am.)
According to paragraph 4,
The control unit,
When performing the above time delay,
The IQ signal is generated by performing a first-order time delay in the digital band, and the phase shift value (

) and the frequency modulation value (

), perform the secondary time delay to achieve the desired total time delay,
The total time delay is the sum of the primary time delay and the secondary time delay, and the primary time delay is greater than the secondary time delay.
Beam steering device of a phased array antenna, characterized by a.
According to paragraph 3,
The control unit,
When performing the above time delay,
Change the start time in the waveform of the IQ signal, or
Changing the start time after removing a predetermined area of the front and rear ends of the waveform of the IQ signal
Beam steering device of a phased array antenna, characterized by a.
According to paragraph 3,
The receiver,
a carrier signal removal unit that removes a carrier signal from the signal received from the phase shifter under the control of the control unit;
A modulation signal extraction unit for extracting a modulation signal from the received signal;
IQ signal extraction unit for extracting the IQ signal; and
A frequency modulator that synchronizes with the frequency modulation of the transmitter under the control of the control unit and separates at least two of the IQ signal, the modulation signal, and the carrier signal from the signal received from the phase shifter.
Beam steering device of a phased array antenna, characterized by a.
According to paragraph 1,
The plurality of antenna elements are
A plurality of them are arranged on a two-dimensional plane,
The spacing between the antenna elements is
A value greater than 0.5λ
Beam steering device of a phased array antenna, characterized by a.