KR102586148B1 - Automotive and architectural glass articles and laminates - Google Patents

Abstract

Specific examples of glass articles exhibiting a gray or green tint are described. In one or more embodiments, the glass article comprises SiO ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ B ₂ O ₃ or MgO, a non-zero amount of an alkali metal oxide (R ₂ O), a R ₂ O- ranging from about -0.5 to about 1.5. Al ₂ O ₃ ; and a glass composition containing 1 mol% or less of Fe ₂ O ₃ . In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes one or more of Na ₂ O, MgO, K ₂ O, SnO ₂ and TiO ₂ at a ratio of R 2 O to Al ₂ O ₃ of about 1 or more, Na ₂ O, 0 to 13 mol%. do. Laminates comprising such glass articles and methods of making the glass articles are also described.

Description

Automotive and architectural glass articles and laminates

This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/425,122, filed November 22, 2016, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

The present disclosure relates to glass compositions and laminates, and more particularly to glass compositions and thin laminates that exhibit solar performance properties for use in automotive and architectural applications.

Glass is often used in windows due to its optical transparency and durability. For automotive glazing and interior applications and architectural applications, glass strength can be improved to withstand damage from scratches and impacts. Glass is also relatively high density, which increases the weight of automotive or architectural components, thereby reducing fuel efficiency and increasing greenhouse gas emissions.

Currently, automotive and architectural applications use thick, monolithic glass articles or substrates that are heat tempered. These articles have a thickness of about 3 mm or more. Some applications include laminates comprising two thinner glass articles (with a thickness ranging from about 1.6 mm to about 2.1 mm), individually heat strengthened, bonded to an intermediate polymer layer or separated by an air gap. Use . Current laminate structures offer reduced weight and improved acoustic performance over monolithic forms, but suffer from reduced durability due to currently available strengthening limitations for thinner glass articles. .

Thermal tempering is commonly used for thick glass articles and can be used to create a thick compressed layer on the glass surface that typically extends up to 21% of the total glass thickness; However, the surface compressive stress magnitude of these thermally tempered glass articles is relatively low, typically less than about 100 MPa. Moreover, thermal tempering is increasingly ineffective for thin glass articles (e.g., glass articles having a thickness of less than about 2 mm). In contrast, chemical strengthening using ion exchange processes can produce high levels of compressive stress (e.g., as large as about 1,000 MPa) and is suitable for very thin glasses.

Automotive glazing also requires solar performance properties including ultraviolet (UV), visible (Vis) and some transmission attributes in the total solar spectrum. Windows used in architectural applications may also require similar solar performance characteristics. Selective absorption in different regions of the optical spectrum can be achieved by the addition of transition metals. Iron is, for example, a common addition to glass because of its selective absorption in all regions of the light spectrum. The amount of absorption or transmission will depend on the absorber and optical path (i.e., thickness of the glass article). Thinner glass articles will require larger amounts of dopants to exhibit the same or similar transmission properties of thicker glass articles of the same composition.

Accordingly, there is a need for glass compositions that can be made into thin glass articles that can be used in laminates, where the resulting articles can be chemically strengthened to a desired degree, and wherein the articles and laminates can be used in several automotive applications. and solar performance required by architectural applications.

A first aspect of the present disclosure relates to a glass article exhibiting a gray tint. In some cases, glass articles may be strengthened. In one or more embodiments, when the glass article has a thickness of 0.7 mm, the glass article has an average total solar transmittance of less than or equal to about 88% over a wavelength range of about 300 nm to about 2500 nm. indicates. In some embodiments, the glass article exhibits an average transmittance in the range of about 75% to about 85%, at a thickness of 0.7 mm, over a wavelength range of about 380 nm to about 780 nm. The glass article may exhibit color coordinates under a D65 illuminant in transmittance under the CIE L*a*b* (CIELAB) color space, where a* is from about -2 to about 5. range, b* ranges from about -1 to about 10, and L* ranges from about 55 to about 98.

In one or more embodiments, the glass article contains SiO ₂ in an amount ranging from about 40 mol% to about 80 mol%; Al ₂ O ₃ in an amount greater than about 4 mol%; CaO in an amount less than about 6 mol%; B ₂ O ₃ or MgO, where MgO is present in an amount of about 0 to about 13 mol%; A glass composition comprising a non-zero amount of an alkali metal oxide (R ₂ O), wherein the glass article has an amount of R ₂ O and Al ₂ O ₃ in the range of about -0.5 to about 1.5. Indicates the difference, and Fe is expressed as Fe ₂ O ₃ , where Fe is present in an amount of about 1 mol% or less. In one or more embodiments, the total amount of Fe, expressed as Fe ₂ O ₃ , is present in an amount ranging from about 0.1 mol% to about 1 mol%. In one or more specific embodiments, the glass composition comprises SiO ₂ in an amount ranging from about 60 mol% to about 75 mol%, Al ₂ O ₃ in an amount ranging from about 8 mol% to about 14 mol%, and SiO 2 in an amount ranging from about 8 mol% to about 14 mol%. It may include B ₂ O ₃ in an amount ranging from 10 mol%, R ₂ O in an amount ranging from about 6 mol% to about 14 mol%, and MgO in an amount ranging from about 0 mol% to about 2 mol%.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition further includes SnO ₂ in an amount of about 0.2 mol% or less. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition further comprises a compositional ratio of R ₂ O to Al ₂ O ₃ that is less than or equal to about 1.5 or in a range of about 0.8 to about 1.5. In some cases, the glass composition further includes Li ₂ O.

The glass composition may include a total amount of Co, expressed as Co ₃ O ₄ , in an amount ranging from about 0.001 mol% to 0.007 mol%. In some embodiments, the glass composition further comprises any one or more of NiO, V ₂ O ₅ , and TiO ₂ .

A second aspect of the present disclosure relates to a glass article exhibiting a green tint. In some cases, glass articles may be strengthened. In one or more embodiments, the glass article has a thickness of 0.7 mm, and the glass article has an average total solar transmittance of less than about 88% over a wavelength range of about 300 nm to about 2500 nm. In some cases, when the glass has a thickness of 0.7 mm, the glass article exhibits an average transmittance in the range of about 75% to about 85% over a wavelength range of about 380 nm to about 780 nm. In some embodiments, the glass article exhibits color coordinates at transmittance, under a D65 light source, in the CIE L*a*b* (CIELAB) color space, where a* ranges from about -10 to about 0, and b * ranges from about -3 to about 10, and L* ranges from about 80 to about 95.

In one or more embodiments, the glass article contains SiO ₂ in an amount ranging from about 40 mol% to about 80 mol%; Al ₂ O ₃ in an amount greater than about 5 mol%; a total amount of alkali metal oxides (R ₂ O), wherein the ratio of R ₂ O to Al ₂ O ₃ is at least about 1 (or between about 1 and about 12); _Na2O ; MgO in an amount ranging from about 0 to about 13 mol%; at least one of K ₂ O, SnO ₂ and TiO ₂ , where K ₂ O is present in an amount greater than 1 mol%, wherein TiO ₂ is present in an amount less than about 2.5 mol%, and about 10 A glass composition comprising a ratio of Na ₂ O to K ₂ O that exceeds. In some embodiments, the glass composition further includes SnO ₂ in an amount of about 0.2 mol% or less. Optionally, the glass composition is substantially free of Li ₂ O. The glass compositions of one or more embodiments may be substantially free of B ₂ O ₃ . In one or more specific embodiments, the glass composition includes: SiO ₂ in an amount ranging from about 60 mol% to 75 mol%; Al ₂ O ₃ in an amount ranging from about 6 mol% to about 12 mol%; R ₂ O in an amount ranging from about 10 mol% to about 16 mol%; and MgO in an amount ranging from about 1 mol% to about 10 mol%.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition further comprises Fe, expressed as Fe ₂ O ₃ , wherein the total amount of Fe, expressed as Fe ₂ O ₃ , ranges from about 0 mol% to about 1 mol%. am. In some cases, the glass composition further comprises any one or more of NiO, V ₂ O ₅ , Co expressed as Co ₃ O ₄ , and TiO ₂ .

A third aspect of the present disclosure includes: a first glass layer; an intermediate layer disposed on the first glass layer; and a second glass layer disposed on the intermediate layer opposite the first glass layer, wherein either or both the first glass layer or the second glass layer according to one or more embodiments. Includes glass articles described herein. In some embodiments, one or both of the first and second glass layers comprise a thickness of less than 1.6 mm. In some embodiments, either or both the first glass layer and the second glass layer are strengthened.

A fourth aspect of the disclosure relates to a method for forming a glass article described herein according to one or more embodiments. In one or more embodiments, the method includes melting a batch composition at a temperature greater than about 1300° C. to form a molten glass, wherein the batch composition comprises an iron source and one or more Embodiments include glass compositions described herein. The method includes forming the molten glass into a sheet.

In one or more embodiments of the method, the batch composition is melted in an environment comprising an oxygen fugacity of less than about 0.2. The iron source may include any one or more of Fe ₂ O ₃ , Fe ₃ O ₄ , and iron oxalate. In some cases, melting the batch includes adding a reducing agent to the batch. The reducing agent may include carbon and a carbon-containing compound.

A fifth aspect of the present disclosure is a body comprising an interior; an opening communicating with the interior of the body; and a window disposed within the opening, the window comprising a glass article or laminate according to one or more embodiments described herein.

Unless otherwise specified, the glass compositions disclosed herein are described in terms of mole percent (mol%) analyzed on an oxide basis. Additional features and advantages will be set forth in the following detailed description, and will be apparent in part to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, or may be implemented by practicing the embodiments described herein, including the following detailed description, claims, as well as the appended drawings. It will be easily recognized.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing background and the following detailed description are representative only and are intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and character of the claims. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate one or more embodiments and, together with the detailed description, serve to explain the principles and operation of the various embodiments.

1 is a side view of a glass article according to one or more embodiments.
Figure 2 is a side view of a glass article according to one or more embodiments.
Figure 3 is a side view of a laminate including glass articles according to one or more embodiments.
Figure 4 is a side view of a laminate including glass articles according to one or more embodiments.
Figure 5 is a side view of a cold-formed laminate according to one or more embodiments.
Figure 6 is an exploded side view of the cold-formed laminate of Figure 5.
7 is an illustration of a vehicle incorporating glass articles or laminates according to one or more embodiments.
Figure 8 is a graph showing transmittance (%Tvis) and average total solar transmittance (%Tts) along the visible spectrum for Examples 30-47.
Figure 9 is a graph showing a* and b* values (as measured using a D65 light source) for Examples 1-47.
Figure 10 is a graph showing the average transmittance (%Tvis) and average total solar transmittance (%Tts) along the visible spectrum as a function of Fe ₂ O ₃ amount (mol%) for Examples 30-47.
Figure 11 is a graph showing the average transmittance (%Tuv) along the UV spectrum as a function of the amount of Fe ₂ O ₃ (mol%) for Examples 30-47.
Figure 12 is a graph showing a* and b* values (as measured using the D65 light source) for Examples 1-37 and 7-47.
Figure 13 is a graph showing the corresponding L* values (as measured using the D65 light source) for Examples 1-37.
Figure 14 is a graph showing total solar transmission (%Tts) and average transmission over the visible spectrum (%Tvis) as a function of redox state of iron in Examples 57-60, 67-71, and 77-79. .
Figure 15 is a graph showing a* and b* values (as measured using the D65 light source) for Examples 48-85.
Figure 16 is a graph showing L* values (as measured using the D65 light source) for Examples 48-85.
Figure 17 shows the average total solar radiation as a function of Fe ₂ O ₃ amount (mol%) for Examples 48-51, 53-54, 57-60, 62, 64, 67-71, 77-79 and 85. This is a graph of transmittance (%Tts).

Hereinafter, reference is made in detail to various embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

Aspects of the present disclosure relate to glass articles that exhibit solar performance in terms of average total solar transmittance (T _ts ) along a wavelength range from about 300 nm to about 2500 nm. In some cases, the solar performance of the glass article is an average transmittance (T _{uv -380} or T _{uv -400} ) along the UV spectrum ranging from about 300 nm to about 380 nm or 400 nm, and from about 400 nm to about 780 nm. It can be written in terms of a specific wavelength range, such as the average transmittance (Tvis) along the visible spectrum.

According to one or more embodiments, the glass article includes a composition with certain transition metals (e.g., iron, cobalt, vanadium, and nickel). In one or more embodiments, the composition may be described as being strengthenable by various methods, including mechanical strengthening, chemical strengthening, thermal strengthening, or a combination of these strengthening methods. In some embodiments, glass articles can be strengthened while controlling the redox state of the iron such that average transmission performance is maintained for glass article thicknesses of less than about 1.6 mm. In some embodiments, the glass article is colored and may be described as exhibiting one or more of a green or gray color.

Transition metals, such as iron and cobalt, have been used in glass articles for coloring, and vanadium and nickel can also be used in conjunction with iron and/or cobalt to tune transmission over specific wavelength ranges. The composition of the glass article can affect the redox balance of the iron by influencing the state of solvation or coordination of the iron, which affects color and absorption depending on specific wavelength ranges. When iron is added to a peralkaline glass composition, it exhibits a green tint; However, a balanced glass composition will exhibit a grey-brown tint. In one or more embodiments, the glass article maintains iron redox balance by selection of raw materials, e.g., selection of iron source, reduced iron (i.e., iron oxalate) or iron oxide (iron trioxide).

As discussed in more detail, the glass articles described herein can be used in laminates for applications that require specific solar performance and can eliminate the need for polymer interlayers or other materials that absorb UV light. there is. Additionally, the glass articles described herein can achieve solar transmission performance at reduced thicknesses compared to thicker soda-lime glass articles having a thickness of about 1.6 mm to about 2.5 mm. Accordingly, these glass articles can provide significant weight savings while still providing solar performance.

A first aspect of the present disclosure relates to a glass article exhibiting a gray tint. In one or more embodiments, when the glass article has a thickness of 0.7 mm, the glass exhibits an average total solar transmittance of less than or equal to about 88% over a wavelength range of about 300 nm to about 2500 nm. In one or more embodiments, the glass article comprises SiO ₂ in an amount ranging from about 40 mol% to about 80 mol%; Al ₂ O ₃ in an amount greater than about 4 mol%; A glass composition comprising a non-zero amount of an alkali metal oxide (R ₂ O), wherein the glass composition has a difference between the amounts of R ₂ O and Al ₂ O ₃ of about -0.5 to about 1.5. is a range; and Fe is expressed as Fe ₂ O ₃ , where Fe is present in an amount of about 1 mol% or less. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes CaO and one or both of B ₂ O ₃ or MgO in an amount of less than about 6 mol %.

A second aspect of the present disclosure relates to a glass article exhibiting a green tint. In one or more embodiments, the glass article comprises SiO ₂ in an amount ranging from about 40 mol% to about 80 mol%; Al ₂ O ₃ in an amount greater than about 4 mol%; A glass composition comprising a non-zero amount of an alkali metal oxide (R ₂ O), wherein the glass composition has a composition ratio of R ₂ O to Al ₂ O ₃ of at least about 1; _Na2O ; MgO in an amount ranging from about 0 to about 13 mol%; any of K ₂ O, SnO ₂ and TiO ₂ ; and a compositional ratio of Na ₂ O to K ₂ O greater than about 10.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition has about 40 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 42 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 44 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 46 mol% to about 80 mol%, About 48 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 50 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 52 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 54 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 56 mol% to about 80 mol%, About 58 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 60 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 62 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 64 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 65 mol% to about 80 mol%, About 66 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 68 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 70 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 40 mol% to about 78 mol%, about 40 mol% to about 76 mol%, About 40 mol% to about 75 mol%, about 40 mol% to about 74 mol%, about 40 mol% to about 72 mol%, about 40 mol% to about 70 mol%, about 40 mol% to about 68 mol%, about 40 mol% to about 66 mol%, about 40 mol% to about 65 mol%, about 40 mol% to about 64 mol%, about 40 mol% to about 62 mol%, about 40 mol% to about 60 mol%, About 60 mol% to about 75 mol%, about 62 mol% to about 75 mol%, about 64 mol% to about 75 mol%, about 65 mol% to about 75 mol%, or about 67 mol% to about 70 mol%. , and SiO ₂ in amounts in all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes Al ₂ O ₃ in an amount greater than about 4 mol%, or greater than about 5 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition has greater than about 4 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 5 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 6 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 20 mol%. , about 10 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 12 mol% to about 20 mol%, 14 mol% to about 20 mol%, greater than about 4 mol% to about 18 mol%, greater than about 4 mol% to about 16 mol. %, greater than about 4 mol% to about 15 mol%, greater than about 4 mol% to about 14 mol%, greater than about 4 mol% to about 12 mol%, 5 mol% to about 18 mol%, 5 mol% to about 16 mol%. mol%, 5 mol% to about 15 mol%, 5 mol% to about 14 mol%, 5 mol% to about 13 mol%, about 5 mol% to about 12 mol%, 6 mol% to about 18 mol%, 6 mol% to about 16 mol%, 6 mol% to about 15 mol%, 6 mol% to about 14 mol%, 6 mol% to about 13 mol%, about 6 mol% to about 12 mol%, 8 mol% to about Al ₂ O ₃ in the range of 16 mol%, 8 mol% to about 14 mol%, 10 mol% to about 16 mol%, or 11 mol% to about 14 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges there between. Includes.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition has a total amount of R ₂ O (which is the total amount of alkali metal oxides such as Li ₂ O, Na ₂ O, K ₂ O, Rb ₂ O, and Cs ₂ ) greater than 0 mol%. may include. In some embodiments, the glass composition contains from about 0.1 mol% to about 20 mol%, from 0.1 mol% to about 18 mol%, from 0.1 mol% to about 16 mol%, from 0.1 mol% to about 14 mol%, from 0.1 mol% to About 12 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 18 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 16 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 14 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 1 mol% About 12 mol%, about 4 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 4 mol% to about 18 mol%, about 4 mol% to about 16 mol%, about 4 mol% to about 14 mol%, about 4 mol% to about 4 mol% About 12 mol%, about 6 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 6 mol% to about 18 mol%, about 6 mol% to about 16 mol%, about 6 mol% to about 14 mol%, about 6 mol% to about 6 mol% About 12 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 18 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 16 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 14 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 8 mol% About 12 mol%, about 10 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 10 mol% to about 18 mol%, about 10 mol% to about 16 mol%, about 10 mol% to about 14 mol%, or about 10 mol% to about 12 mol%, and all ranges and _sub -ranges therebetween. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition can be substantially free of Rb ₂ O, Cs ₂ O, or both Rb ₂ O and Cs ₂ . As used herein, the phrase "substantially free", for a component of a composition, means that the component is not actively or intentionally added to the composition during initial batching, but may be present as an impurity in an amount less than about 0.001 mol%. it means.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes Li ₂ O in an amount of at least about 1 mol%, at least about 2 mol%, at least about 3 mol%, or at least about 4 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the composition comprises about 0 mol% to about 10 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 9 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 8 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 7 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 6 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 5 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 10 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 9 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 8 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 7 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 6 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 5 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 10 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 9 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 8 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 7 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 6 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 5 mol%, about 2 mol% to about 8 mol%, about Li ₂ O in the range of 3 mol% to about 6 mol%, or from about 4 mol% to about 6 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of Li ₂ O.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes Na ₂ O in an amount of at least about 1 mol%, at least about 2 mol%, at least about 3 mol%, or at least about 4 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the composition comprises about 1 mol% to about 14 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 13 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 12 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 11 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 10 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 9 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 8 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 7 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 6 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 5 mol%, about 2 mol% to about 14 mol%, about 3 mol% to about 14 mol%, about 4 mol% to about 14 mol%, about 5 mol% to about 14 mol%, about 6 mol% to about 14 mol%, about 7 mol% to about 14 mol%, about 4 mol% to about 12 mol%, or about 4 mol% to about 10 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges there between. Includes Na ₂ O in the range.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes less than about 2 mol% K ₂ O. In some instances, the glass composition may contain from about 0 mol% to about 2 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 1.5 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 1 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 0.5 mol%, from about 0 mol%. may include K ₂ O in amounts from mol% to about 0.2 mol%, or from about 0 mol% to about 0.1 mol% and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition can be substantially free of K ₂ O.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may optionally include K ₂ O, and when the glass composition includes K ₂ O, it is present in an amount greater than 1 mol% (e.g., from about 1 mol% to approximately 2 mol%). In some embodiments, the glass composition exhibits a compositional ratio of Na ₂ O:K ₂ O greater than 10, even though the glass composition is substantially free of K ₂ O.

In one or more embodiments, the amount of Na ₂ O in the composition may exceed the amount of Li ₂ O. In some instances, the amount of Na ₂ O may exceed the combined amount of Li ₂ O and K ₂ O. In one or more optional embodiments, the amount of Li ₂ O in the composition may exceed the amount of Na ₂ O or the combined amount of Na ₂ O and K ₂ O.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition has a difference in the amounts of R ₂ O and Al ₂ O ₃ (i.e., R ₂ O-Al ₂ O ₃ ) of less than or equal to about 1.5 mol%, less than or equal to about 1 mol%, or less than or equal to about 0.5 mol%. Includes composition relationships of mol% or less. In some embodiments, the glass composition includes the compositional relationship R ₂ O—Al ₂ O ₃ in a range from about -0.5 to about 1.5 (mol%). In some embodiments, the glass composition has, in mol%, about -0.5 to about 1.4, about -0.5 to about 1.2, about -0.5 to about 1, about -0.5 to about 0.9, about -0.5 to about 0.8, about - 0.5 to about 0.7, about -0.5 to about 0.6, about -0.5 to about 0.5, about -0.5 to about 0.4, about -0.4 to about 1.5, about -0.3 to about 1.5, about -0.2 to about 1.5, about -0.1 to about 1.5, about 0 to about 1.5, about 0.1 to about 1.5, about 0.2 to about 1.5, about 0.3 to about 1.5, about 0.4 to about 1.5, about 0.2 to about 1, or about 0.3 to about 0.7, and in between. and the compositional relationship R ₂ O—Al ₂ O ₃ in all ranges and sub-ranges of .

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition has a compositional ratio (mol%) of R ₂ O to Al ₂ O ₃ (i.e., R ₂ O:Al ₂ O ₃ ) that is less than or equal to about 1.5, less than or equal to about 1, or less than or equal to about 0.5. Includes. In some embodiments, the glass composition includes a compositional ratio of R ₂ O:Al ₂ O ₃ in the range of about 0 to about 1.5. In some embodiments, the glass composition has a molecular weight of about 0 to about 1.4, about 0 to about 1.2, about 0 to about 1, about 0 to about 0.9, about 0 to about 0.8, about 0.1 to about 1.5, about 0.2 to about 1.5. , about 0.3 to about 1.5, about 0.4 to about 1.5, about 0.5 to about 1.5, about 0.6 to about 1.5, about 0.7 to about 1.5, about 0.8 to about 1.5, about 0.9 to about 1.5, about 0.5 to about 1.4, about R ₂ O:Al ₂ O in the range of 0.5 to about 1.3, about 0.5 to about 1.2, about 0.5 to about 1.1, about 0.5 to about 1, or about 0.8 to about 1.2, and all ranges and sub-ranges there between. ₃ of Includes composition cost.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes a compositional ratio (mol%) of R ₂ O to Al ₂ O ₃ (i.e., R ₂ O:Al ₂ O ₃ ) that is at least about 1, or at least about 1.5. In some embodiments, the glass composition has a thickness of about 1 to about 12, about 1 to about 11, about 1 to about 10, about 1 to about 9, about 1 to about 8, about 1 to about 7, about 1.2 to about 12. , about 1.5 to about 12, about 2 to about 12, about 3 to about 12, about 4 to about 12, about 5 to about 12, about 6 to about 12, about 1.2 to about 10, about 1.5 to about 10, about 2 to about 10, about 3 to about 10, about 4 to about 10, about 5 to about 10, about 6 to about 10, about 1 to about 3, about 1.2 to about 3, about 1.4 to about 3, about 1.5 to about About 3, about 1.6 to about 3, about 1.8 to about 3, about 1 to about 2.8, about 1 to about 2.6, about 1 to about 2.5, about 1 to about 2.4, about 1 to about 2.2, about 1 to about 2 , from about 1 to about 1.8, from about 1 to about 1.6, from about 1 to about 1.5, from about 1 to about 1.5, or from about 1 to about 1.5, and all ranges and sub-ranges in between _. It includes a composition ratio of ₂ O ₃ .

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes Fe, expressed as Fe ₂ O ₃ , wherein Fe is present in an amount up to (comprising) about 1 mol%. In some embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of Fe. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition has about 0 mol% to about 1 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 0.9 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 0.8 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 0.7 mol%, About 0 mol% to about 0.6 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 0.5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 0.4 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 0.3 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 0.2 mol%, 0 mol% to about 0.1 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.9 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.8 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.7 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.6 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.5 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.4 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.3 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.2 mol%, about 0.05 mol% to about 0.1 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 1 mol%, about 0.2 mol% to about 1 mol%, about 0.3 mol% to about 1 mol%, about 0.4 mol% to about 1 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 1 mol%, about Fe expressed as Fe ₂ O ₃ in a range from 0.6 mol% to about 1 mol%, from about 0.2 mol% to about 0.8 mol%, or from about 0.4 to about 0.8 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween. Includes. In one or more embodiments, the Fe source may be oxalate/I2, Fe ₂ O ₃ /I8. In some embodiments, the amount of Fe, expressed as Fe ₂ O ₃ , in weight percent, is from about 0.1 weight percent to about 5 weight percent, from about 0.1 weight percent to about 4 weight percent, from about 0.1 weight percent to about 3 weight percent, From about 0.1% to about 2.5% by weight, from about 0.2% to about 5% by weight, from about 0.3% to about 5% by weight, or from about 0.4% to about 5% by weight, and all ranges and sub-% in between. It is a range of scope.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes B ₂ O ₃ (eg, at least about 0.01 mol%). In some embodiments, the glass composition can be substantially free of B ₂ O ₃ . In one or more embodiments, the glass composition has about 1 mol% to about 14 mol%, about 2 mol% to about 14 mol%, about 4 mol% to about 14 mol%, about 5 mol% to about 14 mol%, about 6 mol% to about 14 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 14 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 13 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 12 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 11 mol%, About 1 mol% to about 10 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 9 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 8 mol%, about 2 mol% to about 12 mol%, about 4 mol% to about 12 mol%, or B ₂ O ₃ in an amount from about 6 mol% to about 10 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition contains less than 6 mol%, less than about 5 mol%, or less than about 4.5 mol% of RO (the total amount of alkaline earth metal oxides, such as CaO, MgO, BaO, ZnO, and SrO). The total amount may be included. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of RO. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition has about 0 mol% to about 6 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 4 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 4.5 mol%, About 0 mol% to about 3 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 2 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 6 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 6 mol%, About 1 mol% to about 6 mol%, about 2 mol% to about 6 mol%, about 3 mol% to about 6 mol%, about 4 mol% to about 6 mol%, about 5 mol% to about 6 mol%, About 0 mol% to about 4.5 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 4.5 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 4.5 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 4.5 mol%, about 2 mol% to about 4.5 mol%, or from about 3 mol% to about 4.5 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes CaO in an amount of less than about 6 mol%, less than about 5 mol%, or less than about 4.5 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of CaO. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition has about 0 mol% to about 6 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 4 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 4.5 mol%, About 0 mol% to about 3 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 2 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 6 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 6 mol%, About 1 mol% to about 6 mol%, about 2 mol% to about 6 mol%, about 3 mol% to about 6 mol%, about 4 mol% to about 6 mol%, about 5 mol% to about 6 mol%, About 0 mol% to about 4.5 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 4.5 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 4.5 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 4.5 mol%, about 2 mol% to about 4.5 mol%, or CaO in an amount from about 3 mol% to about 4.5 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

In some embodiments, the glass composition has about 0 to about 13 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 10 mol%, about 0 to about 8 mol%, about 0 to about 6 mol%, about 0 to about 5 mol%. , about 0 to about 4 mol%, about 0 to about 3 mol%, about 0 to about 2 mol%, about 0.1 to about 13 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 10 mol%, about 0.1 to about 8 mol%. , about 0.1 to about 6 mol%, about 0.1 to about 5 mol%, about 0.1 to about 4 mol%, about 0.1 to about 3 mol%, or about 0.1 to about 2 mol%, about 1 to about 13 mol%, About 1 mol% to about 10 mol%, about 1 to about 8 mol%, about 1 to about 6 mol%, about 1 to about 5 mol%, about 1 to about 4 mol%, about 1 to about 3 mol%, or MgO in an amount from about 1 to about 2 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises SnO ₂ in an amount of less than about 0.2 mol%, less than about 0.18 mol%, less than about 0.16 mol%, less than about 0.15 mol%, less than about 0.14 mol%, less than about 0.12 mol%. Includes. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition has about 0.01 mol% to about 0.2 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.18 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.16 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.15 mol%, SnO ₂ in a range of from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.14 mol%, from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.12 mol%, or from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.10 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition has about 0.001 mol% to 0.01 mol%, about 0.002 mol% to 0.01 mol%, about 0.003 mol% to 0.01 mol%, about 0.004 mol% to 0.01 mol%, about 0.005 mol%. to 0.01 mol%, about 0.006 mol% to 0.01 mol%, about 0.007 mol% to 0.01 mol%, about 0.001 mol% to 0.009 mol%, about 0.001 mol% to 0.008 mol%, about 0.001 mol% to 0.007 mol%, and the total amount of Co, expressed as Co ₃ O ₄ , in amounts from about 0.001 mol% to 0.006 mol%, or from about 0.001 mol% to 0.005 mol% _, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

The glass composition of one or more embodiments may include any one or more of NiO, V ₂ O ₅ , and TiO ₂ .

When the glass composition includes TiO ₂ , TiO ₂ may be present in an amount of up to about 5 mol%, up to about 2.5 mol%, up to about 2 mol%, or up to about 1 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition can be substantially free of TiO ₂ . When the glass composition includes NiO, NiO may be present in an amount of about 0.6 mol% or less, or about 0.1 mol% or less. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition can be substantially free of NiO. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition can be substantially free of V ₂ O ₅ . In one or more embodiments, the glass composition can be substantially free of TiO ₂ . In one or more embodiments, the glass composition can be substantially free of any two or all three of NiO, V ₂ O ₅ , and TiO ₂ .

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include less than about 0.9 mol% CuO (e.g., less than about 0.5 mol%, less than about 0.1 mol%, or less than about 0.01 mol%). In some embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of CuO.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include less than about 0.2 mol% (e.g., less than about 0.1 mol%, or less than about 0.01 mol%) of Se. In some embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of Se.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of ZrO ₂ .

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition (or article formed therefrom) comprises a liquidus viscosity that allows for the formation of the glass article through certain techniques. As used herein, the term “liquid viscosity” refers to the viscosity of molten glass at the liquidus temperature, wherein the term “liquid temperature” is the temperature at which crystals first appear as the molten glass cools from the melt temperature. (or as the temperature increases from room temperature, the temperature at which the last crystal melts).

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition (or glass article formed therefrom) exhibits a liquidus viscosity in the range of about 100 kilopoise (kP) to about 500 kP. In some embodiments, the glass composition (or glass article formed therefrom) exhibits a liquidus viscosity of about 300 kP or less. In some embodiments, the glass composition (or glass article formed therefrom) exhibits a liquidus viscosity of less than or equal to about 250 kP, less than or equal to about 200 kP, or less than or equal to about 180 kP. In some embodiments, the glass composition (or glass article formed therefrom) exhibits a liquidus viscosity greater than about 300 kP. In some embodiments, the glass composition (or glass article formed therefrom) has a temperature of at least about 350 kP, at least about 400 kP, at least about 450 kP, at least about 500 kP, at least about 750 kP, at least about 1000 kP, or about 2000 kP. It indicates a liquidus viscosity of kP or more.

In one or more embodiments, the glass article has a temperature range of about 55 x 10 ^-7 ppm/°C to about 80 x 10 ^-7 ppm/°C, about 58 x 10 ^- It exhibits a CTE ranging from ⁷ ppm/°C to about 80 x 10 ^-7 ppm/°C, or from about 60 x 10 ^-7 ppm/°C to about 80 x 10 ^-7 ppm/°C.

^In some ^embodiments , the glass article ^has a temperature ^of about 8 ^{12 _ _ _ _} 14 x 10 ^-7 ppm/°C, ranging from about 8 x 10 ^-7 ppm/°C to about 12 x 10 ^-7 ppm/°C or from about 8 x 10 ^-7 ppm/°C to about 10 x 10 ^-7 ppm/°C. Indicates high temperature (or liquid) CTE.

In one or more embodiments, the glass article has a temperature ranging from about 70 GPa to about 85 GPa, from about 72 GPa to about 85 GPa, from about 74 GPa to about 85 GPa, from about 75 GPa to about 85 GPa, from about 76 GPa to about 85 GPa, About 70 GPa to about 80 GPa, about 72 GPa to about 80 GPa, about 74 GPa to about 80 GPa, about 75 GPa to about 80 GPa, about 76 GPa to about 80 GPa, about 70 GPa to about 78 GPa, about 70 A Young's modulus in the range of GPa to about 76 GPa, about 70 GPa to about 75 GPa, about 72 GPa to about 78 GPa, about 75 GPa to about 79 GPa, or about 70 GPa to about 77 GPa.

Referring to Figure 1, an embodiment of a glass article 100 includes a first major surface 102, a second major surface 104 opposing the first major surface, and the first major surface and the second major surface. Includes thickness (t)(110) in between.

In one or more embodiments, the thickness (t) is about 3 millimeters or less (e.g., about 0.01 millimeter to about 3 millimeters, about 0.1 millimeter to about 3 millimeters, about 0.2 millimeter to about 3 millimeters, about 0.3 millimeter to about 3 millimeters, about 0.4 millimeter to about 3 millimeters, about 0.01 millimeter to about 2.5 millimeters, about 0.01 millimeter to about 2 millimeters, about 0.01 millimeter to about 1.5 millimeters, about 0.01 millimeter to about 1 millimeter, about 0.01 millimeter to about 0.9 millimeter , about 0.01 millimeter to about 0.8 millimeter, about 0.01 millimeter to about 0.7 millimeter, about 0.01 millimeter to about 0.6 millimeter, about 0.01 millimeter to about 0.5 millimeter, about 0.1 millimeter to about 0.5 millimeter, or about 0.3 millimeter to about 0.5 millimeter. range).

The glass article may be a substantially flat sheet, although other embodiments may utilize curved or other shaped or sculpted articles. In some cases, the glass article may have a 3D or 2.5D shape. Additionally or alternatively, the thickness of the glass article may be constant along one or more dimensions or may vary along one or more dimensions for aesthetic and/or functional reasons. For example, the edges of the glass article may be thicker compared to more central regions of the glass article. The length, width and thickness dimensions of a glass article may also vary depending on the article application or use. In some embodiments, the glass article 100A has a wedge shape where the thickness at one minor surface (106) exceeds the thickness at the opposing minor surface (108), as illustrated in Figure 2. You can have it. Where the thickness varies, the thickness range disclosed herein is the maximum thickness between the major surfaces.

The glass article may have a refractive index in the range of about 1.45 to about 1.55. As used herein, the refractive index value is for a wavelength of 550 nm.

Glass articles can be characterized by the way they are formed. For example, the glass article may be float-formable (i.e. formed by a float process), down-drawable and especially fusion-formable or slot-drawable (i.e. , may be characterized by being formed by a down drawing process such as a fusion drawing process or a slot drawing process.

Some embodiments of the glass articles described herein may be formed by a float process. Float-formable glass articles may be characterized by a smooth surface and uniform thickness produced by floating molten glass on a bed of molten metal, typically tin. In a representative process, molten glass is fed onto the surface of a molten tin layer to form a floating glass ribbon. As the glass ribbon flows through the tin bath, the temperature is gradually lowered until the glass ribbon solidifies into a solid glass article that can be lifted from the tin onto rollers. Once removed from the bath, the glass article can be further cooled and annealed to reduce internal stresses.

Some embodiments of the glass articles described herein may be formed by a down-drawing process. The down-drawing process produces glass articles of uniform thickness that retain a relatively pristine surface. Because the average flexural strength of a glass article is controlled by the amount and size of surface defects, a pristine surface with minimal contact has a higher initial strength. Additionally, down drawn glass articles have a very flat, smooth surface that can be used in final applications without expensive grinding and polishing.

Some embodiments of glass articles may be described as fusion-formable (i.e., formable using a fusion drawing process). The fusion process uses a drawing tank with channels to contain molten glass raw material. The channel has open-topped weirs along the length of the channel on both sides of the channel. Once the channel is filled with molten material, the molten glass floods the weir. Due to gravity, the molten glass flows down the outer surface of the draw tank as two flowing glass films. These outer surfaces of the draw tank extend downward and inward so that they join at the edge below the draw tank. The two flowing glass films join at these edges to fuse and form a single flowing glass article. The fusion drawing method offers the advantage that because the two glass films overflowing the channel are fused together, none of the outer surfaces of the resulting glass article comes into contact with any part of the device. Accordingly, the surface properties of the fusion drawn glass article are not affected by this contact.

Some embodiments of the glass articles described herein may be formed by a slot drawing process. The slot drawing process is distinct from the fusion drawing method. In the slot drawing process, molten raw glass is provided to a drawing tank. The bottom of the drawing tank has an open slot with a nozzle extending the length of the slot. Molten glass flows through the slot/nozzle and is drawn downward as a continuous glass article and into the annealing region.

In one or more embodiments, the glass articles described herein may exhibit an amorphous microstructure and may be substantially free of crystals or crystals. In other words, glass articles exclude glass-ceramic materials.

In one or more embodiments, the glass article exhibits an average total solar transmittance of less than or equal to about 88% over a wavelength range of about 300 nm to about 2500 nm when the glass article has a thickness of 0.7 mm. For example, the glass article may have a thickness of about 60% to about 88%, about 62% to about 88%, about 64% to about 88%, about 65% to about 88%, about 66% to about 88%, about 68% % to about 88%, about 70% to about 88%, about 72% to about 88%, about 60% to about 86%, about 60% to about 85%, about 60% to about 84%, about 60% to About 82%, about 60% to about 80%, about 60% to about 78%, about 60% to about 76%, about 60% to about 75%, about 60% to about 74%, or about 60% to about It represents the average total solar transmittance in the range of 72%.

In one or more embodiments, the glass article exhibits an average transmittance ranging from about 75% to about 85% over a wavelength range of about 380 nm to about 780 nm, at a thickness of 0.7 mm or 1 mm. In some embodiments, the average transmittance over the thickness and the wavelength range is about 75% to about 84%, about 75% to about 83%, about 75% to about 82%, about 75% to about 81%, about range from 75% to about 80%, from about 76% to about 85%, from about 77% to about 85%, from about 78% to about 85%, from about 79% to about 85%, or from about 80% to about 85%. You can. In one or more embodiments, the glass article has no more than 50% (e.g., no more than 49%, no more than 48%, no more than 45%, 40% or less, 30% or less, 25% or less, 23% or less, 20% or less, or 15% or less) of T _uv-380 or T _uv-400 .

In one or more embodiments, the glass article exhibits a gray tint or color in transmittance. In one or more embodiments, the glass article exhibits a color coordinate at transmittance under a D65 light source (at a thickness of 1 mm or 0.7 mm) under the CIE L*a*b* (CIELAB) color space, where a* is ranges from about -2 to about 5, b* ranges from about -1 to about 10, and L* ranges from about 55 to about 98. In one or more embodiments, the glass article has a thickness (at a thickness of 1 mm or 0.7 mm) of less than 1.5, less than about 1.4, less than about 1.3, less than about 1.2, less than about 1.1, or less than about 1 (in Equation 1 below: Indicates the Delta E value at the transmittance (under the D65 illuminant and CIE L*a*b* (CIELAB) color space defined by

[Equation 1]

Delta E = √((92-L*) ² +(-4.5-a*) ² +(1-b*) ² )

In one or more embodiments, the glass article exhibits a color coordinate at transmittance, under a D65 light source (at 1 mm or 0.7 mm thickness), in the CIE L*a*b* (CIELAB) color space, where L* is about 55 to about 98, about 56 to about 98, about 58 to about 98, about 60 to about 98, about 62 to about 98, about 64 to about 98, about 65 to about 98, about 66 to about 98, about 68 to About 98, about 70 to about 98, about 72 to about 98, about 74 to about 98, about 75 to about 98, about 55 to about 96, about 55 to about 95, about 55 to about 94, about 55 to about 92 , about 55 to about 90, about 55 to about 88, about 55 to about 86, about 55 to about 85, about 55 to about 84, about 55 to about 82, about 55 to about 80, about 55 to about 78, or It ranges from about 55 to about 75.

In one or more embodiments, the glass article (at 1 mm or 0.7 mm thickness) exhibits a color coordinate at transmittance, under a D65 light source, in the CIE L*a*b* (CIELAB) color space, where a* is about - 2 to about 5, about -1.8 to about 5, about -1.6 to about 5, about -1.5 to about 5, about -1.4 to about 5, about -1.2 to about 5, about -1 to about 5, about 0.5 to about 5, about 1 to about 5, about 2 to about 5, about -2 to about 4.8, about -2 to about 4.6, about -2 to about 4.5, about -2 to about 4.4, about -2 to about 4.2, It ranges from about -2 to about 4, from about -2 to about 3.5, from about -2 to about 3, from about -2 to about 2.5, or from about -2 to about 2.

In one or more embodiments, the glass article (at 1 mm or 0.7 mm thickness) exhibits a color coordinate in transmittance, under a D65 light source, in the CIE L*a*b* (CIELAB) color space, where b* is about - 1 to about 10, about -1 to about 9, about -1 to about 8, about -1 to about 7, about -1 to about 6, about -1 to about 5, about -0.5 to about 10, about 0 to about 10, about 0.5 to about 10, about 1 to about 10, about 2 to about 10, about 3 to about 10, about 4 to about 10, or about 5 to about 10.

In one or more embodiments, the glass article can be strengthened to include a compressive stress extending from the surface to a depth of compression (DOC). The compressive stress region is balanced by a central region that exhibits tensile stress. In DOC, the stress crosses from positive (compressive) to negative (tensile) stress.

CS and DOC are from Orihara Industrial Co., Ltd. Measurements are made using means known in the art, such as a surface stress meter (FSM) using a commercially available instrument such as the FSM-6000 manufactured by (Japan). Surface stress measurements rely on an accurate measurement of the stress optical coefficient (SOC), which is associated with the birefringence of the glass. The SOC, in turn, is based on ASTM Standard C770-98 (both entitled "Standard Test Method for Measurement of Glass Stress-Optical Coefficient" and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety) for fiber and four-point bending methods. 2013), and bulk cylinder methods. CT can be approximated using Equation 2.

[Equation 2]

CT = (CS·DOC)/(t-2 DOC)

CT and CS are expressed herein in megapascals (MPa) and DOC is expressed in micrometers (μm).

In one embodiment, the strengthened glass article has a strength of about 50 MPa to about 800 MPa (e.g., at least about 100 MPa, at least about 150 MPa, at least about 200 MPa, at least 250 MPa, at least 300 MPa, e.g. , 400 MPa or more, 450 MPa or more, 500 MPa or more, 550 MPa or more, 600 MPa or more, 650 MPa or more, 700 MPa or more, or 750 MPa or more).

The strengthened glass article can have a DOC in the range of about 35 μm to about 200 μm (e.g., 45 μm, 60 μm, 75 μm, 100 μm, 125 μm, 150 μm or more). In one or more embodiments, the strengthened glass article can have a CT in the range of about 50 MPa to about 200 MPa.

In one or more embodiments, the glass article has one or more of the following: a surface CS in the range of about 200 MPa to about 800 MPa, and a DOC in the range of about 40 μm to about 100 μm, and a surface CS in the range of about 50 MPa to about 200 MPa. CT.

In one or more embodiments, a glass article can be mechanically strengthened by exploiting a mismatch in the coefficient of thermal expansion between portions of the article to create a central region representing tensile stress and a compressive stress region. In some embodiments, glass articles can be thermally strengthened by heating the glass to a temperature below the glass transition point and then rapidly quenching it.

In one or more embodiments, glass articles can be chemically strengthened by ion exchange. In an ion exchange process, ions on or near the surface of a glass article are replaced - or exchanged - with larger ions having the same valence or oxidation state. In embodiments where the glass article comprises an alkali aluminosilicate glass, the ions and larger ions in the surface layer of the article are monovalent alkali metal cations, such as Li ⁺ , Na ⁺ , K ⁺ , Rb ⁺ , and Cs ⁺ . Optionally, the monovalent cations in the surface layer may be replaced by monovalent cations other than alkali metal cations, such as Ag ⁺ or the like. In this embodiment, monovalent ions (or cations) exchanged into the glass article generate stress.

The ion exchange process is typically performed by immersing the glass article in a molten salt bath (or two or more molten salt baths) containing larger ions to be exchanged for smaller ions within the glass article. It should be noted that an aqueous salt bath may also be used. Additionally, the composition of the bath(s) may include one or more larger ions (e.g., Na+ and K+) or a single larger ion. Bath composition and temperature, immersion time, number of immersions of the glass article in the salt bath (or baths), use of multiple salt baths, additional steps such as annealing, washing, and the like. The parameters of the ion exchange process are generally determined by the composition of the glass article (including any crystalline phases present and the structure of the article) and the required DOC and CS of the glass article resulting from the strengthening. It is recognized by those skilled in the art. Representative melt bath compositions may include nitrates, sulfates, and chlorides of larger alkali metal ions. Common nitrates or sulfates include KNO ₃ , NaNO ₃ , LiNO ₃ , NaSO ₄ and combinations thereof. The temperature of the molten salt bath is typically from about 380° C. to about 450° C. for an immersion time of from about 15 minutes to about 100 hours depending on the glass article thickness, bath temperature, and glass (or monovalent ion) diffusivity. is the range. However, temperatures and soak times other than those described above may also be used.

In one or more embodiments, the glass article may be immersed in a molten salt bath of 100% NaNO ₃ , 100% KNO ₃ , or a combination of NaNO ₃ and KNO ₃ having a temperature of about 370°C to about 480°C. In some embodiments, the glass article may be immersed in a molten mixed salt bath comprising from about 5% to about 90% KNO ₃ and from about 10% to about 95% NaNO ₃ . In one or more embodiments, the glass article may be immersed in a second bath following immersion in the first bath. The first and second baths may have different compositions and/or temperatures. The soaking time in the first and second baths may vary. For example, the immersion in the first bath may be longer than the immersion in the second bath.

In one or more embodiments, the glass article includes NaNO ₃ and KNO ₃ , having a temperature of less than about 420° C. (e.g., about 400° C. or about 380° C.) for less than about 5 hours, or even up to about 4 hours. (e.g., 49%/51%, 50%/50%, 51%/49%).

Ion exchange conditions can be adjusted to provide “spikes” or increase the slope of the stress profile at or near the surface of the resulting glass article. Spikes can result in larger surface CS values. Such spikes can be achieved by single or multiple baths, the bath(s) having a single composition or a mixed composition due to the unique properties of the glass compositions used in the glass articles described herein.

In one or more embodiments, when one or more monovalent ions are exchanged into the glass article, other monovalent ions may be exchanged at different depths within the glass article (and may generate different amounts of stress within the glass article at different depths). ). The resulting relative depth of stress-generating ions can be determined and can give rise to different characteristics of the stress profile.

A third aspect of the disclosure relates to laminates comprising glass articles as described herein. In one or more embodiments, laminate 200 includes a first glass layer 210 comprising a glass article according to one or more embodiments, as illustrated in Figure 3, and disposed on the first glass layer. It may include an intermediate layer (220). As shown in FIG. 4 , the laminate 300 includes a first glass layer 310, an intermediate layer 320 disposed on the first layer, and an intermediate layer 320 opposing the first glass layer 310. ) may include a second glass layer 330 disposed on. One or both of the first and second glass layers used in the laminate may include glass articles described herein. As shown in Figure 4, intermediate layer 320 is disposed between the first and second glass layers.

In one or more embodiments, laminate 300 may include a first glass layer comprising a glass article described herein, and a second glass layer comprising a composition different from the glass article described herein. For example, the second glass layer can include soda-lime glass, alkali aluminosilicate glass, alkali-containing borosilicate glass, alkali aluminophosphosilicate glass, or alkali aluminoborosilicate glass.

In one or more embodiments, one or both of the first glass layer and the second glass layer have a thickness of less than 1.6 mm (e.g., less than 1.55 mm, less than 1.5 mm, less than 1.45 mm, less than 1.4 mm, less than 1.35 mm, 1.3 mm or less, 1.25 mm or less, 1.2 mm or less, 1.15 mm or less, 1.1 mm or less, 1.05 mm or less, 1 mm or less, 0.95 mm or less, 0.9 mm or less, 0.85 mm or less, 0.8 mm or less, 0.75 mm or less, 0.7 mm or less Below, 0.65 mm or less, 0.6 mm or less, 0.55 mm or less, 0. 5 mm or less, 0.45 mm or less, 0. 4 mm or less, 0.35 mm or less, 0. 3 mm or less, 0.25 mm or less, 0.2 mm or less, 0.15 mm or less. , or about 0.1 mm or less). The lower limit of thickness may be 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, or 0.3 mm. In some embodiments, the thickness of one or both of the first glass layer and the second glass layer is from about 0.1 mm to less than about 1.6 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 1.5 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 1.4 mm, about 0.1 mm. mm to about 1.3 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1.2 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1.1 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.9 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.8 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.1 mm. About 0.7 mm, about 0.1 mm, about 0.2 mm to less than about 1.6 mm, about 0.3 mm to less than about 1.6 mm, about 0.4 mm to less than about 1.6 mm, about 0.5 mm to less than about 1.6 mm, about 0.6 mm to about 1.6 mm less than a millimeter, from about 0.7 mm to less than about 1.6 mm, from about 0.8 mm to less than about 1.6 mm, from about 0.9 mm to less than about 1.6 mm, or from about 1 mm to about 1.6 mm. In some embodiments, the first glass layer and the second glass layer have substantially the same thickness as each other.

In some embodiments, one of the first and second glass layers has a thickness of less than about 1.6 mm, while the other of the first and second glass layers has a thickness of at least about 1.6 mm. In this embodiment, the first and second glass layers have different thicknesses. For example, one of the first and second glass layers has a thickness of less than about 1.6 mm, while the other of the first and second glass layers has a thickness of at least about 1.7 mm, at least about 1.75 mm, or about 1.8 mm. or more, about 1.7 mm or more, about 1.7 mm or more, about 1.7 mm or more, about 1.85 mm or more, about 1.9 mm or more, about 1.95 mm or more, about 2 mm or more, about 2.1 mm or more, about 2.2 mm or more, about 2.3 mm or more or more, about 2.4 mm or more, 2.5 mm or more, 2.6 mm or more, 2.7 mm or more, 2.8 mm or more, 2.9 mm or more, 3 mm or more, 3.2 mm or more, 3.4 mm or more, 3.5 mm or more, 3.6 mm or more, 3.8 mm or more , has a thickness of 4 mm or more, 4.2 mm or more, 4.4 mm or more, 4.6 mm or more, 4.8 mm or more, 5 mm or more, 5.2 mm or more, 5.4 mm or more, 5.6 mm or more, 5.8 mm or more, or 6 mm or more. In some embodiments, the first or second glass layer has a thickness of about 1.6 mm to about 6 mm, about 1.7 mm to about 6 mm, about 1.8 mm to about 6 mm, about 1.9 mm to about 6 mm, or about 2 mm to about 2 mm. About 6 mm, about 2.1 mm to about 6 mm, about 2.2 mm to about 6 mm, about 2.3 mm to about 6 mm, about 2.4 mm to about 6 mm, about 2.5 mm to about 6 mm, about 2.6 mm to about 6 mm, about 2.8 mm to about 6 mm, about 3 mm to about 6 mm, about 3.2 mm to about 6 mm, about 3.4 mm to about 6 mm, about 3.6 mm to about 6 mm, about 3.8 mm to about 6 mm, About 4 mm to about 6 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 5.8 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 5.6 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 5.5 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 5.4 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 5.2 mm, about 1.6 mm mm to about 5 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 4.8 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 4.6 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 4.4 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 4.2 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 4 mm, about 3.8 mm to It has a thickness in the range of about 5.8 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 3.6 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 3.4 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 3.2 mm, or about 1.6 mm to about 3 mm.

In one or more embodiments, the laminates 200, 300 may have a thickness of less than or equal to 6.85 mm, or less than or equal to 5.85 mm, wherein the thickness includes the first glass layer, the second glass layer (if applicable), and the intermediate layer. Includes the sum of the thicknesses of In various embodiments, the laminate ranges from about 1.8 mm to about 6.85 mm, or ranges from about 1.8 mm to about 5.85 mm, or ranges from about 1.8 mm to about 5.0 mm, or ranges from 2.1 mm to about 6.85 mm. , or in the range of about 2.1 mm to about 5.85 mm, or in the range of about 2.1 mm to about 5.0 mm, or in the range of about 2.4 mm to about 6.85 mm, or in the range of about 2.4 mm to about 5.85 mm, or in the range of about 2.4 mm to about 2.4 mm. It may have a thickness in the range of about 5.0 mm, or in the range of about 3.4 mm to about 6.85 mm, or in the range of about 3.4 mm to about 5.85 mm, or in the range of about 3.4 mm to about 5.0 mm.

In one or more embodiments, the laminates 300, 400 exhibit a radius of curvature of less than 1000 mm, or less than 750 mm, or less than 500 mm, or less than 300 mm. The laminate, the first glass layer and/or the second glass layer are substantially free of wrinkles.

In one or more embodiments, the first glass layer is relatively thin compared to the second glass layer. In other words, the second glass layer has a thickness that exceeds the first glass layer. In one or more embodiments, the second glass layer can have a thickness that is greater than twice the thickness of the first glass layer. In one or more embodiments, the second glass layer can have a thickness in the range of about 1.5 times to about 2.5 times the thickness of the first glass layer.

In one or more embodiments, the first glass layer and the second glass layer can have the same thickness; However, the second glass layer is harder or has a greater stiffness than the first glass layer, and in very particular embodiments, both the first and second glass layers have a thickness of between 0.2 mm and 1.6 mm. It has a thickness in the range.

In one or more embodiments, the first or second glass layer may utilize a strengthened glass article, such as described herein. In one or more embodiments, the first glass layer comprises a strengthened glass article according to embodiments described herein, while the second glass layer is not strengthened. In one or more embodiments, the first glass layer comprises a strengthened glass article according to embodiments described herein, while the second glass layer is annealed. In one or more embodiments, the first glass layer is chemically, mechanically and/or thermally strengthened, while the second glass layer is (chemically, mechanically and/or thermally) strengthened in a manner different from the first glass layer. strengthened. In one or more embodiments, the first glass layer is chemically, mechanically and/or thermally strengthened, and the second glass layer is strengthened (chemically, mechanically and/or thermally) in the same manner as the first glass layer. strengthened.

In one or more embodiments, the intermediate layer (e.g., 320), as used herein, may comprise a single layer or multiple layers. The middle layer (or layers thereof) is polyvinyl butyral (PVB), acoustic PBV (APVB), ionomer, ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyester (PE), polyethylene terephthalate ( PET) and similar polymers. The thickness of the middle layer may range from about 0.5 mm to about 2.5 mm, from about 0.8 mm to about 2.5 mm, from about 1 mm to about 2.5 mm, or from about 1.5 mm to about 2.5 mm.

In one or more embodiments, either the first glass layer or the second glass layer can be cold-formed (along with an intervening interlayer). In the representative cold-formed laminate shown in Figure 5, a first glass layer 410 is laminated to a relatively thicker, curved second glass layer 430. 5 , the second glass layer 430 includes a first surface 432 and a second surface 434 in contact with the middle layer 420, and the first glass layer 410 is in contact with the middle layer 420. ) and a third surface 412 and a fourth surface 414 in contact with. An indicator of the cold-formed laminate is the fourth surface 414, which has a greater surface CS than the third surface 412. Accordingly, the cold-formed laminate may include high compressive stress levels on the fourth surface 414, making that surface more fracture resistant.

In one or more embodiments, prior to the cold-forming process, the compressive stress at each of the third surface 412 and fourth surface 414 is substantially the same. In one or more embodiments in which the first glass layer is not strengthened, the third surface 412 and fourth surface 414 do not exhibit significant compressive stress prior to cold-forming. In one or more embodiments in which the first glass layer 410 is strengthened (as described herein), the third surface 412 and the fourth surface 414 have substantially the same compressive stress relative to each other prior to cold-forming. represents. In one or more embodiments, after cold-forming, the compressive stress on the fourth surface 414 increases (i.e., the compressive stress on the fourth surface 414 is greater after cold-forming than before cold-forming). . Without being bound by theory, the cold-forming process increases the compressive stress in the shaped glass layer (i.e., the first glass layer) to compensate for the tensile stress imparted during bending and/or forming operations. . In one or more embodiments, the cold-forming process induces tensile stresses in the third surface of the glass layer (i.e., third surface 412) while the fourth surface of the glass layer (i.e., fourth surface 414 )) experiences compressive stress.

If a strengthened first glass layer 410 is utilized, the third and fourth surfaces 412, 414 are already under compressive stress, so the third surface 412 may experience greater tensile stress. This allows the strengthened first glass layer 410 to more tightly conform to the curved surface.

In one or more embodiments, the first glass layer 410 has a smaller thickness than the second glass layer 430. This thickness difference means that the first glass layer 410 is more flexible to conform to the shape of the second glass layer 430. Additionally, the thinner first glass layer 410 can be more easily deformed to compensate for shape mismatches and gaps created by the shape of the second glass layer 430. In one or more embodiments, the thin and strengthened first glass layer 410 exhibits greater flexibility, especially during cold-forming. In one or more embodiments, the first glass layer 410 conforms to the second glass layer 430 to form a substantially uniform layer between the second surface 434 and the third surface 412 that is filled by the intermediate layer. Provides distance.

In some non-limiting embodiments, the cold-formed laminate 400 is heated to a temperature at or just above the softening temperature of the interlayer material (e.g., 420) (e.g., from about 100° C. to about 120° C. °C), i.e., may be formed using a representative cold-forming process performed at a temperature below the softening temperature of each glass layer. In one embodiment shown in FIG. 6 , the cold-formed laminate consists of: disposing an intermediate layer between a second glass layer (which may be curved) and a first glass layer (which may be flat) to form a stack; deployment phase; applying pressure to the stack to press a second glass layer against an intermediate layer pressing the first glass layer; and a heating step, wherein the stack is heated to a temperature below 400° C. to form a cold-formed laminate where the second glass layer matches the shape of the first glass layer. This process can occur using a vacuum bag or ring in an autoclave or other suitable device. The stress of the representative first glass layer 410 can vary from substantially symmetrical to asymmetrical according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

As used herein, “flat” and “flat” are used interchangeably and indicate that when such a flat substrate is cold-formed to another substrate, the curvature mismatch (i.e., greater than about 3 meters, greater than about 4 meters) refers to a shape having a curvature that produces a stacking fault due to a radius of curvature greater than or equal to about 5 meters, or a curvature that is less than the curvature (of any value) along only one axis. The flat substrate, when placed on the surface, has the shape described above. As used herein, “compound curve” and “complex curved” mean a non-planar shape that has curvature along two different orthogonal axes. Examples of complex curved shapes include those with simple or compound curves, also referred to as non-developable shapes, including but not limited to spheres, aspheres, and donuts. Includes. Complexly curved laminates according to embodiments may also include segments or portions of such surfaces, or may be comprised of a combination of such curves and surfaces. In one or more embodiments, the laminate may have a concentric curve that includes major radii and intersecting curvatures. Complexly curved laminates according to one or more embodiments may have separate radii of curvature in two independent directions. According to one or more embodiments, the complex curved laminate may thus be characterized as having a “cross curvature”, wherein the laminate has an axis parallel to a given dimension (i.e., a first axis). ), and also along an axis perpendicular to the same dimension (i.e., the second axis). The curvature of the laminate can be even more complex when significant minimum radii are combined with significant intersecting curvature and/or depth of bend. Some laminates may also include bends along axes that are not perpendicular to each other. As a non-limiting example, the composite curved laminate may have length and width dimensions of 0.5 m x 1.0 m and a radius of curvature of 2 to 2.5 m along the minor axis and a radius of curvature of 4 to 5 m along the major axis. It can have a radius of curvature. In one or more embodiments, the complexly-curved laminate can have a radius of curvature along at least one axis of less than or equal to 5 meters. In one or more embodiments, the complexly-curved laminate can have a radius of curvature of at least 5 meters or less along a first axis and along a second axis perpendicular to the first axis. In one or more embodiments, the complexly-curved laminate can have a radius of curvature of at least 5 meters or less along a first axis and along a second axis that is not perpendicular to the first axis.

In one or more embodiments, the first glass layer, the second glass layer, the laminate, or a combination thereof can have a complex curved shape and can optionally be cold-formed. As shown in FIG. 5 , the first glass layer 410 may be complex-curved and has at least one concave surface (e.g., surface 414) that provides a fourth surface of the laminate. and at least one convex surface (e.g., surface 412) that provides a third surface of the laminate opposite the first surface with a thickness therebetween. In a cold-forming embodiment, the second glass sheet 430 may be complexly curved and has at least one concave surface (e.g., second surface 434) and at least one convex surface (e.g., , first surface 432), and a thickness therebetween.

In one or more embodiments, one or more of the intermediate layer 420, the first glass layer 410, and the second glass layer 430 have a first edge (e.g., 435) having a first thickness and the first glass layer 430. and a second edge (e.g., 437) opposite the edge and having a second thickness that exceeds the first thickness.

A fourth aspect of the present disclosure relates to a vehicle comprising the glass article or laminate described herein. For example, as shown in FIG. 7 , FIG. 7 illustrates a vehicle 500 including a body 510 defining an interior, at least one opening 520 communicating with the interior, and a window disposed within the opening. ), wherein the window comprises a laminate or glass article 530, according to one or more embodiments described herein. The laminate or glass article 530 can form sidelights, windshields, rear windows, windows, rearview mirrors and sunroofs in vehicles. In some embodiments, the laminate or glass article 530 may form an interior partition (not shown) on the interior of a vehicle, or may be disposed on an exterior surface of a vehicle, such as an engine block cover. cover), a headlight cover, a taillight cover, or a pillar cover. In one or more embodiments, the vehicle has an interior surface (which, although not shown, may include door trim, seat backs, door panels, dashboard, center console, floorboards, and pillars). wherein the laminate or glass article described herein is disposed on an interior surface. In one or more embodiments, the interior surface includes a display, and the glass layer is disposed over the display. As used herein, vehicle includes automobiles, railroad cars, locomotives, boats, ships and aircraft, helicopters, drones, spacecraft, and the like.

A fifth aspect of the present disclosure relates to architectural applications comprising the glass articles or laminates described herein. In some embodiments, architectural applications include balustrades, staircases, decorative panels or coverings for walls, columns, partitions, and elevator cabs formed at least in part using a laminate or glass article according to one or more embodiments. ), appliances, windows, furniture, and other applications.

In one or more embodiments, the portion of the laminate comprising the glass article is configured such that the glass article faces the interior of a vehicle or the interior of a building or room, the glass article is adjacent the interior (and other glass plies are exterior). adjacent to each other), located within a vehicle or architectural application. In some embodiments, the glass article of the laminate is in direct contact with the interior (i.e., the surface of the glass article facing the interior is exposed and free of any coating).

In one or more embodiments, the portion of the laminate comprising the glass article is configured such that the glass article faces the exterior of a vehicle or the exterior of a building or room, the glass article is adjacent the exterior (and other plies of glass are adjacent the interior), Located within vehicle or architectural applications. In some embodiments, the glass article of the laminate is in direct contact with the exterior (i.e., the surface of the glass article facing the exterior is exposed and free of any coating).

In a first embodiment (see Figures 4 or 5), the laminate includes a first glass layer (310, 410) comprising a glass article according to one or more embodiments, a second glass comprising a soda lime glass article; layers 330, 430, and intermediate layers 320, 420 comprising PVB. In one or more embodiments, the glass article used in the first layer has a thickness of about 1 mm or less. In some embodiments, the glass article in the first layer is chemically strengthened. In some embodiments, the soda lime glass article used in the second glass layer is annealed. In one or more embodiments, the laminate is positioned within the vehicle such that the first glass layer (comprising a glass article according to one or more embodiments) faces the interior of the vehicle.

In a second embodiment (see Figures 4 or 5), the laminate includes a first glass layer (310, 410) comprising a glass article according to one or more embodiments, a second glass comprising a soda lime glass article; layers 330, 430, and intermediate layers 320, 420 comprising PVB. In one or more embodiments, the glass article used in the first layer has a thickness of about 1 mm or less. In some embodiments, the first layer of the glass article is thermally strengthened. In some embodiments, the soda lime glass article used in the second glass layer is annealed. In one or more embodiments, the laminate is positioned within the vehicle such that the first glass layer (comprising a glass article according to one or more embodiments) faces the interior of the vehicle.

A fourth aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method of forming a glass article. In one or more embodiments, the method comprises a melting step of melting the batch composition at a temperature greater than about 1300° C. to form a molten glass, wherein the batch composition comprises an iron source and a glass composition according to one or more embodiments described herein. Includes; and forming the molten glass into a sheet.

In one or more embodiments, the batch composition is melted in an environment comprising an oxygen fugacity of less than about 0.2 (e.g., less than 0.18, less than 0.16, less than 1.5, less than 1.4, less than 1.2, or less than about 0.1). Without wishing to be bound by theory, when the batch composition is melted in a more reducing environment, the resulting glass article exhibits improved color and solar performance. In one or more embodiments, the iron source may include one or more of Fe ₂ O ₃ , Fe ₃ O ₄ , and iron oxalate.

In one or more embodiments of the method, melting the batch includes adding a reducing agent to the batch. A reducing agent can be any substance or additive that consumes oxygen when burned or heated. Representative reducing agents include carbon and carbon-containing compounds. As used herein, the phrase “carbon-containing compounds” includes sugars and organic substances such as corn oil, petroleum products (motor oil), potatoes, coconut shells and the like.

Example

Various embodiments will become clearer by the following examples.

Example 1-47

Examples 1-47 are glass compositions used to form gray tinted glass articles. The glass compositions (mol%) of Examples 1-47 are provided in Tables 1 to 10. Tables 1-10 also include information regarding the iron source (“Fe ₂ O ₃ source”), reducing agent used (if used), melting environment, and melting temperature used to form the glass article. Tables 1-10 also show the optical performance of glass articles (thickness of 1 mm or 0.7 mm). The a* and b* values are given in terms of transmittance.

Example 1-47 Example One 2 3 4 5 SiO ₂ 70 70 70 67 67 Al ₂ O ₃ 10 10 10 12.6 12.6 B ₂ O ₃ 8.4 8.4 8.4 7.1 7.1 Li ₂ O 0 0 0 5.1 5.1 Na ₂ O 9.2 9.2 9.2 6.7 6.7 _K2O 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.3 1.3 MgO 0 0 0 0 0 _{Fe2O3 _} 0.5 0.65 0.8 0.5 0.65 Co ₃ O ₄ 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 NiO 0 0 0 0 0 V ₂ O ₅ 0 0 0 0 0 CuO TiO ₂ 0 0 0 0 0 SnO ₂ 0 0 0 0 0 R ₂ O-Al ₂ O ₃ 1.4 1.4 1.4 0.5 0.5 R ₂ O:Al ₂ O ₃ 1.14 1.14 1.14 1.039683 1.039683 R ₂ O 11.4 11.4 11.4 13.1 13.1 Fe ₂ O ₃ source _{Fe2O3 /} I8 _{Fe2O3 /} I8 _{Fe2O3 /} I8 _{Fe2O3 /} I8 _{Fe2O3 /} I8 reducing agent doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist melt environment Globa Globa Globa Globa Globa Melting Temperature (℃) 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 Total Fe ₂ O ₃ wt% 1.21 1.56 1.88 1.19 1.59 ^{Fe2 +} as FeO 0.29 0.35 0.44 0.46 0.56 ^{Fe2 +} /total Fe 0.26 0.25 0.26 0.43 0.55 Thickness (mm) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 D65L* 84.96 78.16 68.75 81.22 72.39 D65a* 0.23 0.91 1.96 1.25 2.22 D65b* 1.33 2.45 3.85 3.62 5.97 %Tuv (300-380㎚) %Tuv (300-400㎚) %Tvis (A2) %Tts Thickness (mm) 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 D65L* 88.46 81.65 73.36 84.5 76.73 D65a* 0.14 0.82 1.7 0.98 1.82 D65b* One 2 3.33 2.93 5.05 %Tuv (300-380㎚) 38.8 27.2 16.9 23.5 13.4 %Tuv (300-400㎚) 49.8 37.7 25.7 35.4 22.9 %Tvis (A2) 72.9 63.2 51.0 67.8 55.9 %Tts 80.8 75.7 69.6 77.3 71.0

Table 1 (continued): Examples 1-47 Example 6 7 8 9 10 SiO ₂ 67 70 70 67 67 Al ₂ O ₃ 12.6 10 10 12.6 12.6 B ₂ O ₃ 7.1 8.4 8.4 7.1 7.1 Li ₂ O 5.1 0 0 5.1 5.1 Na ₂ O 6.7 9.2 9.2 6.7 6.7 _K2O 1.3 2.2 2.2 1.3 1.3 MgO 0 0 0 0 0 _{Fe2O3 _} 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.5 Co ₃ O ₄ 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.005 NiO 0 0 0 0 0 V ₂ O ₅ 0 0 0 0 0 CuO TiO ₂ 0 0 0 0 0 SnO ₂ 0 0 0 0 0 R ₂ O-Al ₂ O ₃ 0.5 1.4 1.4 0.5 0.5 R ₂ O:Al ₂ O ₃ 1.039683 1.14 1.14 1.039683 1.039683 R ₂ O 13.1 11.4 11.4 13.1 13.1 Fe ₂ O ₃ source Fe2O3/I8 Fe2O3/I8 Fe2O3/I8 Fe2O3/I8 Fe2O3/I8 reducing agent doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist melt environment Globa gas-oxy gas-oxy gas-oxy gas-oxy Melting Temperature (℃) 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 Total Fe ₂ O ₃ wt% 1.9 1.12 1.75 1.12 1.14 ^{Fe2 +} as FeO 0.67 0.34 0.51 0.47 0.48 ^{Fe2 +} /total Fe 0.42 0.33 0.32 0.47 0.47 Thickness (mm) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 D65L* 61.87 82.51 66.29 80.85 79.36 D65a* 3.27 0.53 2.19 1.34 1.21 D65b* 8.7 1.35 3.77 3.44 2.6 %Tuv (300-380㎚) %Tuv (300-400㎚) %Tvis (A2) %Tts Thickness (mm) 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 D65L* 70.3 85.66 70.3 84.95 82.29 D65a* 2.5 0.46 2.1 1.02 1.02 D65b* 7.01 1.13 3.42 2.68 2.17 %Tuv (300-380㎚) 6.5 %Tuv (300-400㎚) 13.0 %Tvis (A2) 43.3 67.1 41.7 65.9 61.0 %Tts 64.6

Table 1 (continued): Examples 1-47 Example 11 12 13 14 15 SiO ₂ 67 67 70 70 70 Al ₂ O ₃ 12.6 12.6 10 10 10 B ₂ O ₃ 7.1 7.1 8.4 8.4 8.4 Li ₂ O 5.1 5.1 0 0 0 Na ₂ O 6.7 6.7 9.2 9.2 9.2 _K2O 1.3 1.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 MgO 0 0 _{Fe2O3 _} 0.8 0.8 0.25 0.33 0.33 Co ₃ O ₄ 0.002 0.005 0.002 0.002 0 NiO 0 0 0 0 0 V ₂ O ₅ 0 0 0 0 0 CuO 0 0 0.2 TiO ₂ 0 0 0 0 0 SnO ₂ 0 0 0 0 0 R ₂ O-Al ₂ O ₃ 0.5 0.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 R ₂ O:Al ₂ O ₃ 1.039683 1.039683 1.14 1.14 1.14 R ₂ O 13.1 13.1 11.4 11.4 11.4 Fe ₂ O ₃ source Fe2O3/I8 Fe2O3/I8 Fe2O3/I8 Fe2O3/I8 Fe2O3/I8 reducing agent doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist melt environment gas-oxy gas-oxy gas-oxy gas-oxy gas-oxy Melting Temperature (℃) 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 Total Fe ₂ O ₃ wt% 1.76 1.79 ^{Fe2 +} as FeO 0.7 0.71 ^{Fe2 +} /total Fe 0.44 0.44 Thickness (mm) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 D65L* 63.32 61.25 92.36 89.75 90.04 D65a* 3.17 3.1 -0.48 -0.25 -1.35 D65b* 8.05 7.62 -0.27 0.14 11.54 %Tuv (300-380㎚) %Tuv (300-400㎚) %Tvis (A2) %Tts Thickness (mm) 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 D65L* 67.16 67.22 93.34 91.41 91.85 D65a* 2.86 2.62 -0.35 -0.18 -1.14 D65b* 7.2 6.61 -0.2 0.11 8.75 %Tuv (300-380㎚) %Tuv (300-400㎚) %Tvis (A2) 37.8 37.9 %Tts

Table 1 (continued): Examples 1-47 Example 16 17 18 19 20 SiO ₂ 67 67 67 67 67 Al ₂ O ₃ 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 B ₂ O ₃ 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 Li ₂ O 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 Na ₂ O 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 _K2O 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 MgO _{Fe2O3 _} 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.25 0.25 Co ₃ O ₄ 0.002 0.002 0 0.002 0.002 NiO 0 0 0 0 0 V ₂ O ₅ 0 0 0 0 0 CuO 0 0 0.2 TiO ₂ 0 0 0 0 0 SnO ₂ 0 0 0 0 0 R ₂ O-Al ₂ O ₃ 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 R ₂ O:Al ₂ O ₃ R ₂ O 13.1 13.1 13.1 13.1 13.1 Fe ₂ O ₃ source Fe2O3/I8 Fe2O3/I8 Fe2O3/I8 Fe2O3/I8 Fe3O4/I27 reducing agent doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist melt environment gas-oxy gas-oxy gas-oxy gas-oxy gas-oxy Melting Temperature (℃) 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 Total Fe ₂ O ₃ wt% 0.52 0.61 ^{Fe2 +} as FeO 0.28 0.31 ^{Fe2 +} /total Fe 0.59 0.57 Thickness (mm) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 D65L* 92.74 89.32 89.43 91.79 90.26 D65a* -0.03 0.34 -0.89 0.11 0.24 D65b* -0.02 1.02 10.2 0.33 0.69 %Tuv (300-380㎚) %Tuv (300-400㎚) %Tvis (A2) %Tts Thickness (mm) 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 D65L* 93.89 91.11 91.51 93.25 92.09 D65a* 0 0.27 -0.7 0.09 0.22 D65b* 0.1 0.86 7.32 0.33 0.7 %Tuv (300-380㎚) 49.0 44.1 %Tuv (300-400㎚) 61.1 56.6 %Tvis (A2) 83.2 81.0 %Tts 85.7 84.4

Table 1 (continued): Examples 1-47 Example 21 22 23 24 25 SiO ₂ 67 67 67 67 67 Al ₂ O ₃ 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 B ₂ O ₃ 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 Li ₂ O 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 Na ₂ O 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 _K2O 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 MgO 0.5 _{Fe2O3 _} 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.5 Co ₃ O ₄ 0.002 0 0 0 0.002 NiO 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 V ₂ O ₅ 0 0 0 0 0 CuO TiO ₂ 0 0 0 0 0 SnO ₂ 0 0 0 0 0 R ₂ O-Al ₂ O ₃ 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 R ₂ O:Al ₂ O ₃ R ₂ O 13.1 13.1 13.1 13.1 13.1 Fe ₂ O ₃ source Oxalate/I2 Fe2O3/I8 Fe3O4/I27 Oxalate/I2 Fe2O3/I8 reducing agent doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist melt environment gas-oxy gas-oxy gas-oxy gas-oxy gas-oxy Melting Temperature (℃) 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 Total Fe ₂ O ₃ wt% 0.61 0.54 0.61 0.61 1.09 ^{Fe2 +} as FeO 0.52 0.28 0.31 0.57 0.5 ^{Fe2 +} /total Fe 0.94 0.57 0.57 One 0.51 Thickness (mm) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 D65L* 91.38 88.74 87.57 81.62 78.41 D65a* -0.32 0.95 1.08 1.03 1.34 D65b* -0.4 10.19 10.88 3.33 4.28 %Tuv (300-380㎚) 15.2 %Tuv (300-400㎚) 25.5 %Tvis (A2) 58.3 %Tts 70.6 Thickness (mm) 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 D65L* 92.81 90.96 89.81 91.38 D65a* -0.16 0.58 0.73 0.31 D65b* -0.22 7.5 8.2 7.51 %Tuv (300-380㎚) 62.8 43.9 36.1 62.5 %Tuv (300-400㎚) 70.6 55.5 48.5 68.3 %Tvis (A2) 82.4 79.2 77.1 79.5 %Tts 82.6 82.2 80.9 79.3

Table 1 (continued): Examples 1-47 Example 26 27 28 29 30 SiO ₂ 67 67 67 67 67 Al ₂ O ₃ 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 B ₂ O ₃ 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 Li ₂ O 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 Na ₂ O 6.7 6.7 4.7 6.7 6.7 _K2O 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 MgO 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 0 _{Fe2O3 _} 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.25 Co ₃ O ₄ 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0 NiO 0 0 0 0 0 V ₂ O ₅ 0 0 0 0 0 CuO TiO ₂ 0 0 0 0 0 SnO ₂ 0 0 0 0 0.1 R ₂ O-Al ₂ O ₃ 0.5 0.5 -1.5 0.5 0.5 R ₂ O:Al ₂ O ₃ R ₂ O 13.1 13.1 11.1 13.1 13.1 Fe ₂ O ₃ source Fe3O4/I27 Oxalate/I2 Fe2O3/I8 Fe2O3/I8 Oxalate/I2 reducing agent doesn't exist doesn't exist sulfate sugar doesn't exist melt environment gas-oxy gas-oxy gas-oxy gas-oxy gas-oxy Melting Temperature (℃) 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 Total Fe ₂ O ₃ wt% 1.21 1.17 1.06 0.62 ^{Fe2 +} as FeO 0.56 0.98 0.55 0.59 ^{Fe2 +} /total Fe 0.51 0.93 0.57 One Thickness (mm) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 D65L* 84.55 82.25 86.34 D65a* 0 0.79 -0.36 D65b* 0.82 3.03 3.29 %Tuv (300-380㎚) 15.2 30.7 16.4 19.8 %Tuv (300-400㎚) 25.4 41.0 27.0 24.7 %Tvis (A2) 58.2 63.8 59.9 50.1 %Tts 70.3 67.0 70.7 58.6 Thickness (mm) 0.7 D65L* 93.8 D65a* -0.05 D65b* 0.84 %Tuv (300-380㎚) 60.9 %Tuv (300-400㎚) 69.2 %Tvis (A2) 84.7 %Tts 83.0

Table 1 (continued): Examples 1-47 Example 31 32 33 34 35 SiO ₂ 67 67 67 67 67 Al ₂ O ₃ 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 B ₂ O ₃ 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 Li ₂ O 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 Na ₂ O 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 _K2O 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 MgO 0 0 0 0 0 _{Fe2O3 _} 0.5 0.8 One 0.25 0.25 Co ₃ O ₄ 0 0 0 0.001 0.002 NiO 0 0 0 0 0 V ₂ O ₅ 0 0 0 0 0 CuO TiO ₂ 0 0 0 0 0 SnO ₂ 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 R ₂ O-Al ₂ O ₃ 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 R ₂ O:Al ₂ O ₃ R ₂ O 13.1 13.1 13.1 13.1 13.1 Fe ₂ O ₃ source Oxalate/I2 Oxalate/I2 Oxalate/I2 Oxalate/I2 Oxalate/I2 reducing agent doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist melt environment gas-oxy gas-oxy gas-oxy gas-oxy gas-oxy Melting Temperature (℃) 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 Total Fe ₂ O ₃ wt% 1.22 1.9 2.38 0.63 0.64 ^{Fe2 +} as FeO 1.08 1.65 2.05 0.6 0.6 ^{Fe2 +} /total Fe 0.99 0.97 0.96 One One Thickness (mm) D65L* D65a* D65b* %Tuv (300-380㎚) %Tuv (300-400㎚) %Tvis (A2) %Tts Thickness (mm) 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 D65L* 88.02 77.83 71.12 94.03 93.37 D65a* 0.35 1.04 1.29 -0.09 -0.11 D65b* 1.92 3.56 4.53 0.73 -0.07 %Tuv (300-380㎚) 39.6 19.2 11.7 62.6 61.2 %Tuv (300-400㎚) 49.5 27.6 18.5 70.6 69.7 %Tvis (A2) 72.5 53.2 42.6 85.2 83.4 %Tts 73.2 60.2 53.3 83.5 83.3

Table 1 (continued): Examples 1-47 Example 36 37 38 39 40 SiO ₂ 67 67 67 67 67 Al ₂ O ₃ 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 B ₂ O ₃ 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 Li ₂ O 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 Na ₂ O 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 _K2O 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 MgO 0 0 0 0 0 _{Fe2O3 _} 0.5 0.5 One 0 0 Co ₃ O ₄ 0.001 0.002 0.001 0 0 NiO 0 0 0 0 0 V ₂ O ₅ 0 0 0 0.01 0.02 CuO TiO ₂ 0 0 0 0 0 SnO ₂ 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 R ₂ O-Al ₂ O ₃ 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 R ₂ O:Al ₂ O ₃ R ₂ O 13.1 13.1 13.1 13.1 13.1 Fe ₂ O ₃ source Oxalate/I2 Oxalate/I2 Oxalate/I2 Oxalate/I2 Oxalate/I2 reducing agent doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist melt environment gas-oxy gas-oxy gas-oxy gas-oxy gas-oxy Melting Temperature (℃) 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 Total Fe ₂ O ₃ wt% 1.2 1.19 2.31 ^{Fe2 +} as FeO 1.07 1.07 1.97 ^{Fe2 +} /total Fe 0.99 One 0.95 Thickness (mm) D65L* D65a* D65b* %Tuv (300-380㎚) %Tuv (300-400㎚) %Tvis (A2) %Tts Thickness (mm) 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 D65L* 88.25 87.34 72.1 96.4 96.43 D65a* 0.35 0.22 1.31 -0.09 -0.26 D65b* 1.89 0.85 4.53 0.22 0.34 %Tuv (300-380㎚) 40.1 40.0 12.7 77.1 74.7 %Tuv (300-400㎚) 50.1 49.9 19.6 82.2 80.7 %Tvis (A2) 73.0 70.7 44.4 90.6 90.9 %Tts 73.6 73.0 54.5 90.8 90.9

Table 1 (continued): Examples 1-47 Example 41 42 43 44 45 SiO ₂ 67 67 67 67 67 Al ₂ O ₃ 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 B ₂ O ₃ 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 Li ₂ O 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 Na ₂ O 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 _K2O 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 MgO 0 0 0 0 0 _{Fe2O3 _} 0 0.5 0.25 0 0 Co ₃ O ₄ 0 0 0 0 0 NiO 0 0 0 0.05 0.1 V ₂ O ₅ 0.05 0.02 0.02 0 0 CuO TiO ₂ 0 0 0 0 0 SnO ₂ 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 R ₂ O-Al ₂ O ₃ 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 R ₂ O:Al ₂ O ₃ R ₂ O 13.1 13.1 13.1 13.1 13.1 Fe ₂ O ₃ source Oxalate/I2 Oxalate/I2 Oxalate/I2 Oxalate/I2 Oxalate/I2 reducing agent doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist melt environment gas-oxy gas-oxy gas-oxy gas-oxy gas-oxy Melting Temperature (℃) 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 Total Fe ₂ O ₃ wt% 1.20 0.62 ^{Fe2 +} as FeO 1.13 0.66 ^{Fe2 +} /total Fe 1.00 1.00 Thickness (mm) D65L* D65a* D65b* %Tuv (300-380㎚) %Tuv (300-400㎚) %Tvis (A2) %Tts Thickness (mm) 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 D65L* 95.85 87.31 92.99 95.27 93.9 D65a* -0.64 0.38 -0.1 0.3 0.56 D65b* 0.68 3.52 1.82 3.19 5.96 %Tuv (300-380㎚) 57.4 34.0 51.2 88.9 88.0 %Tuv (300-400㎚) 68.8 44.2 61.4 89.4 88.2 %Tvis (A2) 89.3 71.2 83.1 88.8 86.1 %Tts 89.4 73.2 82.6 90.0 88.2

Table 1 (continued): Examples 1-47 Example 46 47 SiO ₂ 67 67 Al ₂ O ₃ 12.6 12.6 B ₂ O ₃ 7.1 7.1 Li ₂ O 5.1 5.1 Na ₂ O 6.7 6.7 _K2O 1.3 1.3 MgO 0 0 _{Fe2O3 _} 0.5 0.5 Co ₃ O ₄ 0.002 0.002 NiO 0 0 V ₂ O ₅ 0.02 0.05 CuO TiO ₂ 0 0 SnO ₂ 0.1 0.1 R ₂ O-Al ₂ O ₃ 0.5 0.5 R ₂ O:Al ₂ O ₃ R ₂ O 13.1 13.1 Fe ₂ O ₃ source Oxalate/I2 Oxalate/I2 reducing agent doesn't exist doesn't exist melt environment gas-oxy gas-oxy Melting Temperature (℃) 1650 1650 Total Fe ₂ O ₃ wt% 1.22 1.22 ^{Fe2 +} as FeO 1.15 1.17 ^{Fe2 +} /total Fe 1.00 1.00 Thickness (mm) D65L* D65a* D65b* %Tuv (300-380㎚) %Tuv (300-400㎚) %Tvis (A2) %Tts Thickness (mm) 0.7 0.7 D65L* 86.01 82.87 D65a* 0.23 0.47 D65b* 2.55 5.13 %Tuv (300-380㎚) 32.7 22.9 %Tuv (300-400㎚) 42.8 32.6 %Tvis (A2) 68.4 62.6 %Tts 71.5 68.9

Figure 8 is a graph showing transmittance (%Tvis) and average total solar transmittance (%Tts) along the visible spectrum for Examples 30-47.

Figure 9 is a graph showing a* and b* values (as measured using a D65 light source) for Examples 1-47, for 1 mm thickness and 0.7 mm thickness.

Figure 10 is a graph showing average transmittance (%Tvis) and average total solar radiation transmittance (%Tts) along the visible spectrum as a function of Fe ₂ O ₃ amount (mol%) for Examples 30-47.

Figure 11 is a graph showing the average transmittance (%Tuv) along the UV spectrum as a function of the amount of Fe ₂ O ₃ (mol%) for Examples 30-47.

Figure 12 shows a* and b* values (as measured using a D65 light source) for Examples 1-37, for 0.1 mm thickness, and Examples 7-47, for 0.7 mm thickness. It's a graph. Figure 13 is a graph showing the corresponding L* values (as measured using a D65 light source) for Examples 1-37, for 0.1 mm thickness and 0.7 mm thickness. This glass exhibits a grey-brown tint.

Examples 48-85

Examples 48-85 are glass compositions used to form green tinted glass articles. The glass compositions (mol%) of Examples 48-85 are provided in Tables 11-18. Tables 11-18 also include information regarding the iron source (“Fe ₂ O ₃ source”), reducing agent used (if used), melting environment, and melting temperature used to form the glass article. Tables 11-18 also show the optical performance of glass articles (thickness of 1 mm or 0.7 mm). The a* and b* values are given in terms of transmittance.

Examples 48-85 Example 48 49 50 51 52 SiO ₂ 69.17 69.17 69.17 69.2 69.2 Al ₂ O ₃ 8.53 8.53 8.53 8.5 8.5 Na ₂ O 13.94 13.94 13.94 13.9 13.9 _K2O 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.2 1.2 MgO 6.45 6.45 6.45 6.5 6.5 CaO 0.54 0.54 0.54 0 0 _{Fe2O3 _} 0.05 0.13 0.25 0.5 0.6 Co ₃ O ₄ 0 0 0 0 0 NiO 0 0 0 0 0 V ₂ O ₅ 0 0 0 0 0 TiO ₂ 0 0 0 0 0 SnO ₂ 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.2 0.2 R ₂ O-Al ₂ O ₃ 6.58 6.58 6.58 6.6 6.6 R ₂ O : Al ₂ O ₃ 1.771395 1.771395 1.771395 1.776471 1.776471 R ₂ O 15.11 15.11 15.11 15.1 15.1 Fe ₂ O ₃ source Fe2O3/I8 Fe2O3/I8 Fe2O3/I8 Fe2O3/I8 Fe2O3/I8 Added reducing agent doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist Melting furnace environment Globa Globa Globa Globa Globa Melting Temperature (℃) 1600 1600 1600 1650 1650 Total Fe ₂ O ₃ wt% 0.13 0.33 0.63 1.3 1.5 ^{Fe2 +} as FeO ^{Fe2 +} /total Fe Thickness (mm) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 D65L* 93.0 91.6 D65a* -2.71 -3.19 D65b* 2.01 2.93 Tuv(300-380㎚) Tuv (300-400㎚) Tvis (A2) Tts (%) Thickness (mm) 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 D65L* 96.5 96.1 95.8 94.0 93.1 D65a* -0.319 -0.684 -0.91 -1.885 -2.19 D65b* 0.007 -0.059 0.472 1.448 2.175 Tuv(300-380㎚) Tuv (300-400㎚) 87.4 81.1 72.1 57.2 50.4 Tvis (A2) 91.0 90.0 89.3 84.9 82.9 Tts (%) 89.9 87.9 86.7 80.1 77.9 Thickness (mm) D65L* D65a* D65b* Tuv(300-380㎚) Tuv (300-400㎚) Tvis (A2) Tts (%)

Table 11 (continued): Examples 48-85 Example 53 54 55 56 57 SiO ₂ 69.2 69.2 69.17 69.17 69.17 Al ₂ O ₃ 8.5 8.5 8.53 8.53 8.53 Na ₂ O 13.9 13.9 13.94 13.94 13.94 _K2O 1.2 1.2 1.17 1.17 1.17 MgO 6.5 6.5 6.45 6.45 6.45 CaO 0 0 0.54 0.54 0.54 _{Fe2O3 _} 0.8 One 0.54 0.54 0.68 Co ₃ O ₄ 0 0 0 0.002 0 NiO 0 0 0 0 0 V ₂ O ₅ 0 0 0 0 0 TiO ₂ 0 0 0 0 0 SnO ₂ 0 0 0.19 0.19 0.19 R ₂ O-Al ₂ O ₃ 6.6 6.6 6.58 6.58 6.58 R ₂ O : Al ₂ O ₃ 1.776471 1.776471 1.771395 1.771395 1.771395 R ₂ O 15.1 15.1 15.11 15.11 15.11 Fe ₂ O ₃ source _{Fe2O3 /} I8 _{Fe2O3 /} I8 _{Fe2O3 /} I8 _{Fe2O3 /} I8 _{Fe2O3 /} I8 Added reducing agent doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist Melting furnace environment Globa Globa Globa Globa Globa Melting Temperature (℃) 1650 1650 1600 1600 1600 Total Fe ₂ O ₃ wt% 2 2.5 1.35 1.35 1.52 ^{Fe2 +} as FeO 0.36 ^{Fe2 +} /total Fe 0.26 Thickness (mm) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 D65L* 89.2 85.5 93.7 91.2 91.8 D65a* -3.74 -4.02 -2.34 -3.13 -3.12 D65b* 5.28 8.15 2.95 -0.33 4.09 Tuv(300-380㎚) Tuv (300-400㎚) Tvis (A2) Tts (%) Thickness (mm) 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 D65L* 91.3 88.5 94.9 93.3 93.7 D65a* -2.578 -2.86 -1.56 -2 -1.95 D65b* 3.893 6.08 2.02 -0.17 2.67 Tuv(300-380㎚) Tuv (300-400㎚) 39.1 28.5 Tvis (A2) 79.1 73.4 84.4 Tts (%) 74.7 70.4 79.0 Thickness (mm) D65L* D65a* D65b* Tuv(300-380㎚) Tuv (300-400㎚) Tvis (A2) Tts (%)

Table 11 (continued): Examples 48-85 Example 58 59 60 61 62 SiO ₂ 69.17 69.17 69.17 69.17 69.17 Al ₂ O ₃ 8.53 8.53 8.53 8.53 8.53 Na ₂ O 13.94 13.94 13.94 13.94 13.94 _K2O 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 MgO 6.45 6.45 6.45 6.45 6.45 CaO 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 _{Fe2O3 _} 0.68 0.8 0.8 0.54 0.54 Co ₃ O ₄ 0.002 0 0.002 0 0.002 NiO 0 0 0 0 0 V ₂ O ₅ 0 0 0 0 0 TiO ₂ 0 0 0 0.2 0.2 SnO ₂ 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 R ₂ O-Al ₂ O ₃ 6.58 6.58 6.58 6.58 6.58 R ₂ O : Al ₂ O ₃ 1.771395 1.771395 1.771395 1.77139508 1.771395 R ₂ O 15.11 15.11 15.11 15.11 15.11 Fe ₂ O ₃ source Fe2O3/I8 Fe2O3/I8 Fe2O3/I8 Fe2O3/I8 Fe2O3/I8 Added reducing agent doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist Melting furnace environment Globa Globa Globa Globa Globa Melting Temperature (℃) 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 Total Fe ₂ O ₃ wt% 1.51 1.81 1.82 ^{Fe2 +} as FeO 0.37 0.44 0.41 ^{Fe2 +} /total Fe 0.27 0.27 0.25 Thickness (mm) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 D65L* 89.6 90.1 87.8 90.8 D65a* -3.65 -3.45 -4.16 -3.13 D65b* 1.4 5.41 2.82 0.6 Tuv(300-380㎚) Tuv (300-400㎚) 36.1 44 Tvis (A2) 74.2 77.4 Tts (%) 73.3 76.59 Thickness (mm) 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 D65L* 91.8 91.8 90.3 92.6 D65a* -2.59 -2.6 -3.11 -2.232 D65b* 1.18 4.02 1.73 0.439 Tuv(300-380㎚) Tuv (300-400㎚) 44.9 52.2 Tvis (A2) 79.2 79.9 75.7 81.6 Tts (%) 78.2 76.2 75.0 80.76 Thickness (mm) D65L* D65a* D65b* Tuv(300-380㎚) Tuv (300-400㎚) Tvis (A2) Tts (%)

Table 11 (continued): Examples 48-85 Example 63 64 65 66 67 SiO ₂ 69.17 69.17 69.17 69.17 69.17 Al ₂ O ₃ 8.53 8.53 8.53 8.53 8.53 Na ₂ O 13.94 13.94 13.94 13.94 13.94 _K2O 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 MgO 6.45 6.45 6.45 6.45 6.45 CaO 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 _{Fe2O3 _} 0.68 0.68 0.8 0.8 0.68 Co ₃ O ₄ 0 0.002 0 0.002 0 NiO 0 0 0 0 0 V ₂ O ₅ 0 0 0 0 0 TiO ₂ 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 SnO ₂ 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 R ₂ O-Al ₂ O ₃ 6.58 6.58 6.58 6.58 6.58 R ₂ O : Al ₂ O ₃ 1.771395 1.771395 1.771395 1.771395 1.771395 R ₂ O 15.11 15.11 15.11 15.11 15.11 Fe ₂ O ₃ source Fe2O3/I8 Fe2O3/I8 Fe2O3/I8 Fe2O3/I8 Fe2O3/I8 Added reducing agent doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist Melting furnace environment Globa Globa Globa Globa gas-oxy Melting Temperature (℃) 1600 1600 1600 1600 1650 Total Fe ₂ O ₃ wt% 1.54 ^{Fe2 +} as FeO 0.51 ^{Fe2 +} /total Fe 0.37 Thickness (mm) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 D65L* 89.6 90.81 D65a* -3.474 -3.64 D65b* 2.442 2.82 Tuv(300-380㎚) Tuv (300-400㎚) 35.3 Tvis (A2) 74.9 Tts (%) 74.06 Thickness (mm) 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 D65L* 91.7 92.7 D65a* -2.491 -2.6 D65b* 1.766 2.55 Tuv(300-380㎚) 35.4 Tuv (300-400㎚) 44.1 48.2 Tvis (A2) 79.7 81.5 Tts (%) 78.69 76.0 Thickness (mm) D65L* D65a* D65b* Tuv(300-380㎚) Tuv (300-400㎚) Tvis (A2) Tts (%)

Table 11 (continued): Examples 48-85 Example 68 69 70 71 72 SiO ₂ 69.17 69.17 69.17 69.17 69.17 Al ₂ O ₃ 8.53 8.53 8.53 8.53 8.53 Na ₂ O 13.94 13.94 13.94 13.94 13.94 _K2O 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 MgO 6.45 6.45 6.45 6.45 6.45 CaO 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 _{Fe2O3 _} 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 Co ₃ O ₄ 0 0.002 0.002 0 0.002 NiO 0 0 0 0 0 V ₂ O ₅ 0 0 0 0 0 TiO ₂ 0 0 0 0 0 SnO ₂ 0 0 0 0 0 R ₂ O-Al ₂ O ₃ 6.58 6.58 6.58 6.58 6.58 R ₂ O : Al ₂ O ₃ 1.771395 1.771395 1.771395 1.771395 1.771395 R ₂ O 15.11 15.11 15.11 15.11 15.11 Fe ₂ O ₃ source Fe2O3/I8 Fe2O3/I8 Oxalate/I2 Fe2O3/I8 Fe2O3/I8 Added reducing agent doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist sugar sugar Melting furnace environment gas-oxy gas-oxy gas-oxy gas-oxy gas-oxy Melting Temperature (℃) 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 Total Fe ₂ O ₃ wt% 1.64 1.72 1.84 1.52 1.52 ^{Fe2 +} as FeO 0.45 0.45 1.02 0.97 ^{Fe2 +} /total Fe 0.3 0.29 0.62 0.71 Thickness (mm) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 D65L* 91.23 88.89 85.34 86.25 D65a* -3.38 -4.02 -6.99 -9.34 D65b* 3.15 0.36 -1.77 10.16 Tuv(300-380㎚) Tuv (300-400㎚) Tvis (A2) Tts (%) Thickness (mm) 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 D65L* 92.0 91.4 89.5 89.5 D65a* -2.95 -2.86 -4.68 -6.6 D65b* 2.59 0.52 -1.06 4.82 Tuv(300-380㎚) 35.4 34.8 40.3 35.8 Tuv (300-400㎚) 48.2 47.6 51.3 44.3 Tvis (A2) 82.3 78.0 71.5 74.1 Tts (%) 77.3 75.8 64.5 63.0 Thickness (mm) D65L* D65a* D65b* Tuv(300-380㎚) Tuv (300-400㎚) Tvis (A2) Tts (%)

Table 11 (continued): Examples 48-85 Example 73 74 75 76 77 SiO ₂ 69.17 69.17 69.17 69.17 69.17 Al ₂ O ₃ 8.53 8.53 8.53 8.53 8.53 Na ₂ O 13.94 11.94 13.94 13.94 13.94 _K2O 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 MgO 6.45 6.45 6.45 6.45 6.45 CaO 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 _{Fe2O3 _} 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Co ₃ O ₄ 0.002 0.002 0 0 0 NiO 0 0 0.1 0.1 0 V ₂ O ₅ 0 0 0 0 0 TiO ₂ 0 0 0 0 0 SnO ₂ 0 0 0 0 0.1 R ₂ O-Al ₂ O ₃ 6.58 4.58 6.58 6.58 6.58 R ₂ O : Al ₂ O ₃ 1.771395 1.536928 1.771395 1.771395 1.771395 R ₂ O 15.11 13.11 15.11 15.11 15.11 Fe ₂ O ₃ source Fe2O3/I7 Fe2O3/I8 Fe2O3/I8 Fe3O4/I27 Oxalate/I2 Added reducing agent doesn't exist sulfate doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist Melting furnace environment gas-oxy gas-oxy gas-oxy gas-oxy gas-oxy Melting Temperature (℃) 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 Total Fe ₂ O ₃ wt% 1.21 1.21 1.09 1.24 1.22 ^{Fe2 +} as FeO 0.39 0.41 0.42 0.82 ^{Fe2 +} /total Fe 0.36 0.42 0.38 0.75 Thickness (mm) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 D65L* 90.84 91.39 86.27 86.05 D65a* -3.54 -3.12 -0.75 -1.2 D65b* -0.6 -1.25 7.04 7.2 Tuv(300-380㎚) 33.5 40.3 38.1 33.5 Tuv (300-400㎚) 46.6 53.0 50.3 45.9 Tvis (A2) 76.9 78.1 69.3 68.9 Tts (%) 74.7 75.8 72.3 70.7 Thickness (mm) 0.7 D65L* 92.72 D65a* -4.27 D65b* -0.86 Tuv(300-380㎚) Tuv (300-400㎚) Tvis (A2) 81.00 Tts (%) 70.5 Thickness (mm) 0.4 D65L* D65a* D65b* Tuv(300-380㎚) 51.5 Tuv (300-400㎚) 62.6 Tvis (A2) 85.3 Tts (%) 77.9

Table 11 (continued): Examples 48-85 Example 78 79 80 81 82 SiO ₂ 69.17 69.17 69.17 69.17 69.17 Al ₂ O ₃ 8.53 8.53 8.53 8.53 8.53 Na ₂ O 13.94 13.94 13.94 13.94 13.94 _K2O 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 MgO 6.45 6.45 6.45 6.45 6.45 CaO 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 _{Fe2O3 _} 0.7 One 0 0 0 Co ₃ O ₄ 0 0 0 0 0 NiO 0 0 0 0 0 V ₂ O ₅ 0 0 0.01 0.02 0.05 TiO ₂ 0 0 0 0 0 SnO ₂ 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 R ₂ O-Al ₂ O ₃ 6.58 6.58 6.58 6.58 6.58 R ₂ O : Al ₂ O ₃ 1.771395 1.771395 1.771395 1.771395 1.771395 R ₂ O 15.11 15.11 15.11 15.11 15.11 Fe ₂ O ₃ source Oxalate/I2 Oxalate/I2 doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist Added reducing agent doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist Melting furnace environment gas-oxy gas-oxy gas-oxy gas-oxy gas-oxy Melting Temperature (℃) 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 Total Fe ₂ O ₃ wt% 1.72 2.47 ^{Fe2 +} as FeO 1.13 1.69 ^{Fe2 +} /total Fe 0.73 0.76 Thickness (mm) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 D65L* D65a* D65b* Tuv(300-380㎚) Tuv (300-400㎚) Tvis (A2) Tts (%) Thickness (mm) 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 D65L* 90.22 85.87 96.52 96.66 D65a* -5.42 -6.6 -0.41 -0.24 D65b* 0.28 1.65 0.41 0.23 Tuv(300-380㎚) Tuv (300-400㎚) Tvis (A2) 75.20 66.70 91.30 90.80 91.10 Tts (%) 63.7 57.3 91.2 90.3 90.9 Thickness (mm) 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 D65L* D65a* D65b* Tuv(300-380㎚) 41.9 26.3 80.9 60.2 74.9 Tuv (300-400㎚) 52.9 37 85.1 71.9 81.5 Tvis (A2) 81.5 75.5 91.7 91.3 91.6 Tts (%) 72.5 67.1 91.7 91 91.5

Table 11 (continued): Examples 48-85 Example 83 84 85 SiO ₂ 69.17 69.17 69.17 Al ₂ O ₃ 8.53 8.53 8.53 Na ₂ O 13.94 13.94 13.94 _K2O 1.17 1.17 1.17 MgO 6.45 6.45 6.45 CaO 0.54 0.54 0.54 _{Fe2O3 _} 0 0 0.7 Co ₃ O ₄ 0 0 0.001 NiO 0.05 0.1 0 V ₂ O ₅ 0 0 0.02 TiO ₂ 0 0 0 SnO ₂ 0.1 0.1 0.1 R ₂ O-Al ₂ O ₃ 6.58 6.58 6.58 R ₂ O : Al ₂ O ₃ 1.771395 1.771395 1.771395 R ₂ O 15.11 15.11 15.11 Fe ₂ O ₃ source doesn't exist doesn't exist Oxalate/I2 Added reducing agent doesn't exist doesn't exist doesn't exist Melting furnace environment gas-oxy gas-oxy gas-oxy Melting Temperature (℃) 1650 1650 1650 Total Fe ₂ O ₃ wt% 1.72 ^{Fe2 +} as FeO 1.13 ^{Fe2 +} /total Fe 0.73 Thickness (mm) 1.0 1.0 1.0 D65L* D65a* D65b* Tuv(300-380㎚) Tuv (300-400㎚) Tvis (A2) Tts (%) Thickness (mm) 0.7 0.7 0.7 D65L* 90.35 89.26 D65a* 1.46 -5.31 D65b* 4.06 1.2 Tuv(300-380㎚) Tuv (300-400㎚) Tvis (A2) 85.40 77.90 73.20 Tts (%) 88.8 85.9 63 Thickness (mm) 0.4 0.4 0.4 D65L* D65a* D65b* Tuv(300-380㎚) 89.5 89.8 37.6 Tuv (300-400㎚) 90 89.9 48.7 Tvis (A2) 88.6 84.4 79.9 Tts (%) 90.5 88.9 71.7

Figure 14 shows the average transmittance (%Tvis) and total across the visible spectrum as a function of the redox state of iron in Examples 57-60, 67-71, and 77-79, at a thickness of 0.7 mm. This is a graph showing solar radiation transmittance (%Tts). Examples 57-60, 67-71, and 77-79 have 1 wt% to 2 wt% Fe. As shown in Figure 14, glasses with low Fe ²⁺ content are prepared using oxidized iron sources (Fe ₂ O ₃ and Fe ₃ O ₄ ), whereas ^reduced iron such as iron oxalate (FeC ₂ O ₄ ) is used. , or glasses with higher levels of Fe ²⁺ are ^produced using sugar as a reducing agent while using Fe ₂ O ₃ as the iron source. The most reduced glass (more ^{Fe 2+} ) results in a glass with lower %Tvis and %Tts.

Figure 15 is a graph showing a* and b* values (as measured using a D65 light source) for Examples 48-85, for 1 mm thickness and 0.7 mm thickness.

Figure 16 is a graph showing L* values (as measured using a D65 light source) for Examples 48-85, for 1 mm thickness and 0.7 mm thickness.

17 shows Examples 48-51, 53-54, 57-60, 62, 64, 67-71, 77-79 and 85 for a thickness of 0.7 mm, and Example 77 for a thickness of 0.4 mm. This is a graph of the average total solar transmittance (%Tts) as a function of the amount of Fe ₂ O ₃ (mol%) for -79. As shown in Figure 17, the average total transmittance (%Tts) decreases with increasing iron content. For ^a given iron content, the average total transmittance (%Tts) can be reduced by increasing the relative content of Fe ²⁺ in the glass.

Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the glass composition plays an important role in the resulting color and transmission spectrum exhibited by glass articles formed from the glass composition. For example, the glass composition affects the coordination number, redox state, and degree of solvation of the transition metal ions. For example, when iron is added to a peralkaline glass composition, the resulting glass article exhibits a green-blue tint. On the other hand, when iron is added to a charge balanced glass composition, the resulting glass article exhibits a grey-brown hue.

Additionally, without wishing to be bound by theory, the redox state of iron or other transition metals included in the glass composition also affects absorption across the UV and visible regions of the spectrum, and also in the infrared region of the spectrum. Affects absorption. For example, Fe ²⁺ has strong absorption at a wavelength of approximately 1100 ^nm .

In the glass compositions of Examples 48-85, Fe ₂ O ₃ is used as the main colorant; However, other transition metals, such as Co, Ni, V, Cu, can be used to adjust the L*a*b* color coordinates of the resulting glass articles and in the infrared and visible regions of the spectrum. To further modify its absorption, in some embodiments it is added. For example, the addition of cobalt shifts the glass article to more negative a*, b* values, causing the glass to appear more blue-green. On the other hand, the gray glass of Example 1-47 shows that when Co is included, the a*, b* coordinates shift to more neutral gray values.

Another way to change the transmission spectrum and color of glass is to manipulate its redox chemistry using different reducing or oxidizing agents. Reducing agents, such as carbon, sugar, and iron oxalate, are used as reducing agents in some embodiments. ^As shown in Figure 14, %Tvis increases proportionally to Tts as a function of increasing Fe ²⁺ content in the glass.

In summary, the Fe content, the redox state of the iron, and the addition of additional transition metals can be used to adjust and balance the color and transmission spectrum of a given glass composition. These means can be used in the examples and embodiments described herein to provide glass articles that exhibit the optical requirements for automotive applications, as a function of the thickness of typical automotive glass articles, with reduced weight and lower brings about release

Aspect (1) of the present disclosure includes SiO ₂ in an amount ranging from about 40 mol% to about 80 mol%; Al ₂ O ₃ in an amount greater than about 4 mol%; CaO in an amount less than about 6 mol%; B ₂ O ₃ or MgO, where MgO is present in an amount of about 0 to about 13 mol%; A glass article comprising a glass composition comprising a non-zero amount of an alkali metal oxide (R ₂ O), wherein the glass article has a difference between the amounts of R ₂ O and Al ₂ O ₃ of about ranges from -0.5 to about 1.5; and Fe is expressed as Fe ₂ O ₃ , where Fe is present in an amount of about 1 mol% or less.

Aspect (2) of the present disclosure relates to the glass article of aspect (1), wherein when the glass article has a thickness of 0.7 mm, the glass article has a wavelength range of about 300 nm to about 2500 nm, It represents an average total solar transmittance of about 88% or less.

Aspect (3) of the present disclosure relates to the glass article of aspect (1) or aspect (2), wherein the glass composition further includes SnO ₂ in an amount of about 0.2 mol% or less.

Aspect (4) of the present disclosure relates to the glass article of any one of aspects (1) to (3), wherein the glass composition further comprises a composition ratio of R ₂ O to Al ₂ O ₃ of about 1.5 or less. .

Aspect (5) of the present disclosure relates to the glass article of any one of aspects (1) to (4), wherein the glass article has a thickness of 0.7 mm over a wavelength range of about 380 nm to about 780 nm. In thickness, it exhibits an average transmittance ranging from about 75% to about 85%.

Aspect (6) of the present disclosure relates to the glass article of any one of aspects (1) to (5), wherein the composition ratio of R ₂ O to Al ₂ O ₃ ranges from about 0.8 to about 1.5.

Aspect (7) of the present disclosure relates to the glass article according to any one of aspects (1) to (6), wherein the glass composition further includes Li ₂ O.

Aspect (8) of the present disclosure relates to the glass article of any one of aspects (1) to (7), wherein the color at transmittance is in the CIE L*a*b* (CIELAB) color space under a D65 light source. Further indicating the coordinates, where a* ranges from about -2 to about 5, b* ranges from about -1 to about 10, and L* ranges from about 55 to about 98.

Aspect (9) of the present disclosure relates to the glass article of any one of aspects (1) to (8), wherein the total amount of Fe, expressed as Fe ₂ O ₃ , is from about 0.1 mol% to about 1 mol. It is present in amounts in the % range.

Aspect (10) of the present disclosure relates to the glass article of any one of aspects (1) to (9), wherein the glass composition has a total amount of Co, expressed as Co ₃ O ₄ , from about 0.001 mol%. It is further included in an amount in the range of 0.007 mol%.

Aspect (11) of the present disclosure relates to the glass article according to any one of aspects (1) to (10), wherein the glass composition further comprises any one or more of NiO, V ₂ O ₅ , and TiO ₂ Includes.

Aspect (12) of the present disclosure relates to the glass article of any one of aspects (1) to (11), wherein the glass composition comprises: SiO ₂ in an amount ranging from about 60 mol% to 75 mol%; Al ₂ O ₃ in an amount ranging from about 8 mol% to about 14 mol%; B ₂ O ₃ in an amount ranging from about 6 mol% to about 10 mol%; R ₂ O in an amount ranging from about 6 mol% to about 14 mol%; and MgO in an amount ranging from about 0 mol% to about 2 mol%.

Aspect (13) of the present disclosure relates to the glass article of any one of aspects (1) to (12), wherein the glass article is strengthened.

Aspect (14) of the present disclosure includes SiO ₂ in an amount ranging from about 40 mol% to about 80 mol%; Al ₂ O ₃ in an amount greater than about 5 mol%; a total amount of alkali metal oxides (R ₂ O), wherein the ratio of R ₂ O to Al ₂ O ₃ is at least about 1; _Na2O ; MgO in an amount ranging from about 0 to about 13 mol%; at least one of K ₂ O, SnO ₂ and TiO ₂ , where K ₂ O is present in an amount greater than 1 mol%, wherein TiO ₂ is present in an amount less than about 2.5 mol%, and about 10 It relates to a glass article comprising a glass composition comprising a ratio of Na ₂ O to K ₂ O that exceeds.

Aspect (15) of the present disclosure relates to the glass article of aspect (14), wherein when the glass article has a thickness of 0.7 mm, the glass article has a wavelength range of about 300 nm to about 2500 nm, about Indicates an average total solar transmittance of 88% or less.

Aspect (16) of the present disclosure relates to the glass article of aspect (14) or (15), wherein the glass composition further includes SnO ₂ in an amount of about 0.2 mol% or less.

Aspect (17) of the present disclosure relates to the glass article of any one of aspects (14) to (16), wherein the glass composition is substantially free of Li ₂ O.

Aspect (18) of the present disclosure relates to the glass article of any one of aspects (14) to (17), wherein the glass composition further comprises Fe, expressed as Fe ₂ O ₃ , wherein Fe The total amount of Fe, expressed as ₂ O ₃ , ranges from about 0 mol% to about 1 mol%.

Aspect (19) of the present disclosure relates to the glass article of any one of aspects (14) to (18), wherein when the glass has a thickness of 0.7 mm, the glass article has a thickness of about 380 nm to about Over a wavelength range of 780 nm, the average transmittance ranges from about 75% to about 85%.

Aspect (20) of the present disclosure relates to the glass article of any one of aspects (14) to (19), wherein the ratio of R ₂ O to Al ₂ O ₃ ranges from about 1 to about 12.

Aspect (21) of the present disclosure relates to the glass article of any one of aspects (14) to (20), wherein the color at transmittance is in the CIE L*a*b* (CIELAB) color space under a D65 light source. Further indicating the coordinates, where a* ranges from about -10 to about 0, b* ranges from about -3 to about 10, and L* ranges from about 80 to about 95.

Aspect (22) of the present disclosure relates to the glass article of any one of Aspects (14) to (21), wherein the glass composition includes NiO, V ₂ O ₅ , Co expressed as Co ₃ O ₄ , and It further comprises any one or more of TiO ₂ .

Aspect (23) of the present disclosure relates to the glass article of any one of aspects (14) to (22), wherein the glass composition comprises: SiO ₂ in an amount ranging from about 60 mol% to 75 mol%; Al ₂ O ₃ in an amount ranging from about 6 mol% to about 12 mol%; R ₂ O in an amount ranging from about 10 mol% to about 16 mol%; and MgO in an amount ranging from about 1 mol% to about 10 mol%.

Aspect (24) of the present disclosure relates to the glass article according to any one of aspects (14) to (23), wherein the glass composition is substantially free of B ₂ O ₃ .

Aspect (25) of the present disclosure relates to the glass article of any one of aspects (14) to (24), wherein the glass article is strengthened.

Aspect 26 of the present disclosure includes a first glass layer; an intermediate layer disposed on the first glass layer; and a second glass layer disposed on the intermediate layer opposite the first glass layer, wherein either or both the first glass layer or the second glass layer comprises aspects (1) through (13). ), comprising a glass article according to one aspect of the present invention.

Aspect (27) of the present disclosure relates to the laminate of aspect (26), wherein one or both of the first glass layer and the second glass layer comprises a thickness of less than 1.6 mm.

Aspect (28) of the disclosure relates to a laminate of either aspect (26) or aspect (27), wherein either or both the first glass layer and the second glass layer are strengthened.

Aspect 29 of the present disclosure includes a first glass layer; an intermediate layer disposed on the first glass layer; and a second glass layer disposed on the intermediate layer opposite the first glass layer, wherein either or both the first glass layer or the second glass layer comprises aspects (14) to (25). ) relates to a laminate comprising a glass article according to any one aspect.

Aspect (30) of the disclosure relates to the laminate of aspect (29), wherein one or both of the first glass layer and the second glass layer comprises a thickness of less than 1.6 mm.

Aspect (31) of the present disclosure relates to the laminate of aspect (29) or (30), wherein either or both the first glass layer and the second glass layer are strengthened.

Aspect (32) of the disclosure includes melting a batch composition at a temperature greater than about 1300° C. to form a molten glass, wherein the batch composition comprises an iron source and any of aspects (1) to (25). A melting step comprising a glass composition of; and forming the molten glass into a sheet.

Aspect (33) of the disclosure relates to the method of aspect (32), wherein the batch composition is melted in an environment comprising an oxygen fugacity of less than about 0.2.

Aspect (34) of the present disclosure relates to the method of aspect (32) or (33), wherein the iron source includes any one or more of Fe ₂ O ₃ , Fe ₃ O ₄ , and iron oxalate.

Aspect (35) of the disclosure relates to the method of any one of aspects (32) to (34), wherein melting the batch includes adding a reducing agent to the batch.

Aspect (36) of the present disclosure relates to the method of any one of aspects (32) to (35), wherein the reducing agent is selected from carbon and a carbon-containing compound.

Aspect 37 of the present disclosure includes a body comprising an interior; an opening communicating with the interior of the body; A vehicle comprising a window disposed in the opening, the window comprising a glass article according to any one of aspects (1) to (25).

Aspect 38 of the present disclosure includes a body comprising an interior; an opening communicating with the interior of the body; A vehicle comprising a window disposed in the opening, the window comprising a laminate according to any one of aspects (26) to (31).

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.

Claims (38)

As a glass article,
SiO ₂ in an amount ranging from 40 mol% to 80 mol%;
Al ₂ O ₃ in an amount exceeding 4 mol%;
Na ₂ O in an amount ranging from 1 mol% to 13 mol%;
CaO in an amount less than 6 mol%;
B ₂ O ₃ in an amount ranging from 6 mol% to 14 mol%;
MgO in an amount ranging from 0 mol% to 13 mol%;
a non-zero amount of alkali metal oxide (R ₂ O), wherein the glass article has a difference between the amounts of R ₂ O and Al ₂ O ₃ in the range of -0.5 to 1.5 ([R ₂ O]-[Al ₂ O ₃ ]); and
A glass composition comprising Fe, expressed as Fe ₂ O ₃ , in an amount of less than 1 mol %, wherein the glass composition is substantially free of TiO ₂ ;
When the glass article has a thickness of 0.7 mm, the glass article exhibits an average transmittance in the range of 75% to 85% over a wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm. In claim 1,
When the glass article has a thickness of 0.7 mm, the glass article exhibits an average total solar transmittance of less than 88% over a wavelength range of 300 nm to 2500 nm. delete In claim 1,
A glass article, wherein the composition ratio of R ₂ O to Al ₂ O ₃ ranges from 0.8 to 1.5. In claim 1,
A glass article, wherein the glass composition further comprises Li ₂ O. In claim 1,
Under the D65 light source, it further represents the color coordinates in transmittance, under the CIE L*a*b* (CIELAB) color space, where a* ranges from -2 to 5, b* ranges from -1 to 10, and A glass article wherein L* ranges from 55 to 98. In claim 1,
A glass article, wherein the total amount of Fe, expressed as Fe ₂ O ₃ , is present in an amount ranging from 0.1 mol% to 1 mol%. As a laminate,
a first glass layer;
an intermediate layer disposed on the first glass layer; and
a second glass layer disposed on the intermediate layer opposite the first glass layer, wherein either or both the first glass layer and the second glass layer are as defined in any one of claims 1, 2, and 4-7. A laminate comprising a glass article according to. In claim 8,
One or both of the first glass layer and the second glass layer comprises a thickness of less than 1.6 mm. In claim 8,
One or both of the first glass layer and the second glass layer are strengthened. delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete