KR102526016B1 - Electrorheological fluid comprising vegetable oil and silica/titania nanocavities doped with biodegradable metal - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an electrorheological fluid in which biodegradable metal-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles are dispersed in vegetable oil, wherein the silica/titania hollow nanoparticles form an outer wall in which silica and titania are mixed. It relates to an electrorheological fluid including silica/titania hollow nanoparticles, characterized in that the nanoparticles have a hollow structure, and a method for preparing the same.
The present invention uses vegetable oil as a dispersion medium for electrorheological fluid and uses particles composed of biocompatible and eco-friendly materials, so that it can be used as a biomaterial such as a multi-joint device, making it easy to dispose of the fluid after use. By introducing a biodegradable metal dopant into titania hollow nanoparticles, an electrorheological fluid that is not harmful to the environment and exhibits high performance can be prepared.

Description

Electrorheological fluid comprising vegetable oil and silica/titania nanocavities doped with biodegradable metal

The present invention relates to an electrorheological fluid in which biodegradable metal-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles are dispersed in vegetable oil, wherein the silica/titania hollow nanoparticles form an outer wall in which silica and titania are mixed. It relates to an electrorheological fluid including silica/titania hollow nanoparticles having a hollow structure.

In addition, the present invention provides a method for preparing biodegradable metal-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles by introducing a biodegradable metal dopant into hollow nanoparticles composed of silica and titania, which are environmentally friendly and have a high dielectric constant, and manufacturing It relates to a method for preparing an electrorheological fluid containing silica/titania hollow nanoparticles prepared by dispersing one nanoparticle in vegetable oil exhibiting electrical insulation.

Electrorheological fluids are a type of suspension in which polarizable particles are dispersed in an electrical insulating dispersion medium in response to an electric field, and are fluids whose rheological properties change depending on the presence or absence of an external electric field. In the state where no electric field is applied, the particles exist randomly dispersed, but when the electric field is applied, the particles are arranged in the direction of the electric field due to polarization to form a ladder-like structure.

Electrorheology is explained by the increase in shear stress due to the electrostatic attraction between particles and the hydrodynamic force that induces the shear force. Particles arranged in a ladder structure have resistance to the shear force applied to the fluid due to the electrostatic attraction between the particles. Due to this characteristic, the electrorheological fluid has a constant shear stress because the hydrodynamic force is smaller than the electrostatic attraction of the particles in the low shear rate range. However, when a shear rate of a certain level or more is applied, the hydrodynamic force becomes stronger than the electrostatic attraction of the particles, and the structure of the particles is not maintained, and a phenomenon in which the shear stress constantly increases according to the shear rate is observed. The behavior of such a fluid corresponds to that of a Bingham fluid, which is typical of electrorheological fluids.

The performance of the electrorheological fluid varies depending on the polarizable particles as constituent materials and the characteristics of the polarizable particles in the electrical insulating dispersion medium. The electrical rheological performance is affected by the characteristics of the composition, structure, shape, dielectric constant, etc. of the particles, and since the dielectric constant directly affects the polarizability of the particles, many studies have been conducted to improve this. One of these studies is a method of increasing the dielectric constant by introducing metal dopants into particles. However, conventionally used metal dopants have disadvantages in that they are not biocompatible, such as toxicity, and are not environmentally friendly. In addition, silicone oil, which is used as a dispersion medium for many electrorheological fluids, is a material that does not naturally decompose and may cause toxicity in the living body.

Due to the above factors, conventional electrorheological fluids have a disadvantage in that they are difficult to dispose of after use, which acts as one of the obstacles to the commercialization of electrorheological fluids. Existing prior arts have disadvantages in that they are not environmentally friendly and lack biocompatibility by doping non-biocompatible surfactants or non-biodegradable materials. At this time when electrorheological fluid is used in multi-joint devices and has potential industrial scalability as a biomaterial, it is urgent to develop eco-friendly electrorheological fluid with biocompatibility. Therefore, in order to solve these problems, there is a strong demand for a method for manufacturing an electrorheological fluid made of environmentally friendly components while having high performance.

Korean Patent Publication No. 2003-0095544

An object of the present invention is to solve the problems of the prior art, biocompatible, environmentally friendly, silica / titania hollow nanoparticles having an outer wall mixed with titania and silica having a high dielectric constant, dopants of biodegradable metals, and vegetable oil It is to provide an electric rheological oil containing and a method for producing the same.

In addition, an object of the present invention is to provide an electrorheological fluid having a high yield stress (shear stress) by increasing the polarizability of the silica/titania hollow nanoparticles by introducing a biodegradable metal dopant into the silica/titania hollow nanoparticles. is to do

In addition, an object of the present invention is to provide an electrorheological fluid prepared by dispersing the biodegradable metal-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles in vegetable oil as an insulating fluid.

After numerous experiments and in-depth research, the present inventors introduced hollow nanoparticles of silica/titania and vegetable oil doped with a biodegradable metal on the surface, which are different from conventionally manufactured electrorheological fluids, and vegetable oil, due to the hollow structure. It was confirmed that an eco-friendly electrorheological fluid having low sinking characteristics, improved polarizability and high shear stress, and all components naturally degradable could be prepared, leading to the present invention.

According to one aspect of the present invention, an electrorheological fluid comprising silica/titania hollow nanoparticles doped with a biodegradable metal and vegetable oil, wherein the silica/titania hollow nanoparticles are hollow with outer walls in which silica and titania are mixed. An electrorheological fluid containing silica/titania hollow nanoparticles, which are nanoparticles having a structure, is provided.

In addition, according to one aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing an electrorheological fluid composed of silica/titania hollow nanoparticles doped with a biodegradable metal and vegetable oil is provided.

In one embodiment, the manufacturing method

1) preparing silica/titania core-shell particles by coating titanium dioxide on the silica nanoparticles;

2) preparing silica/titania hollow nanoparticles having outer walls in which silica and titania are mixed by removing the silica cores from the silica/titania core-cell particles by etching in an aqueous basic solution;

3) preparing silica/titania hollow nanoparticles doped with a biodegradable metal through an impregnation method after dispersing the silica/titania hollow nanoparticles in an aqueous solution of a biodegradable metal chloride;

4) drying the biodegradable metal-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles in a vacuum oven; and

5) dispersing the biodegradable metal-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles in vegetable oil.

In one embodiment, the silica/titania hollow nanoparticles may have a size of 105 nanometers to 150 nanometers. More preferably, it may be 110 nanometers to 130 nanometers.

In one embodiment, the thickness of the outer wall of the silica/titania hollow nanoparticles in which silica and titanium dioxide are mixed may be 13 nanometers to 25 nanometers. More preferably, it may be 13 nanometers to 20 nanometers.

In one embodiment, the chloride of the biodegradable metal introduced to the surface of the silica/titania hollow nanoparticles may include one or more from the group consisting of magnesium chloride, zinc chloride, iron III chloride, tungsten chloride, and molybdenum chloride. .

In one embodiment, when the biodegradable metal is doped into the silica/titania hollow nanoparticles, the amount of the metal dopant added may be 0.5 to 7 based on 100 parts by elemental weight of silica/titania. Most preferably, when the decomposable metal is doped, the added amount of the metal dopant may be 1 to 6 based on 100 parts by weight of silica/titania. More preferably, the added amount of the metal dopant is 1 to 5 based on 100 parts by weight of silica/titania.

In one embodiment, when using the impregnation method when doping the biodegradable metal into the silica/titania hollow nanoparticles, both stirring using a magnetic bar and ultrasonic dispersion using an ultrasonic device may be used. In addition, the dispersion of the biodegradable metal-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles may be selected from agitation using a magnetic bar and ultrasonic dispersion using an ultrasonic device.

In one embodiment, the temperature of the vacuum oven may be 30 ~ 50 °C. More preferably, it may be 35 to 45 ° C. The degree of pressure reduction of the vacuum oven may be 0.01 MPa to 0.3 MPa. More preferably, it may be 0.01 MPa to 0.1 MPa.

In one embodiment, the vegetable oil may include one or more from the group consisting of soybean oil, peanut oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, palm oil, nut oil, canola oil, and grapeseed oil. In addition, the added amount of the vegetable oil may be 233 to 1900 parts by volume based on 100 parts by volume of the biodegradable metal-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles.

By using vegetable oil as a dispersion medium for electrorheological fluid and using particles composed of biocompatible and eco-friendly materials, it is possible to use it as a biomaterial such as a multi-joint device, and it is easy to dispose of the fluid after use.

Due to the ease of disposal of the electrorheological fluid and the low price of vegetable oil, it can contribute to the commercialization of the electrorheological fluid.

By introducing a biodegradable metal dopant into electroreactive particles, such as silica/titania hollow nanoparticles, an electrorheological fluid that is not harmful to the environment and exhibits high performance can be prepared.

1 is prepared by dispersing magnesium, zinc, iron-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles and metal-undoped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles (comparative material) prepared in Examples 1-3 of the invention in soybean oil, respectively. It is a graph showing the shear stress according to the presence or absence of an electric field in an electrorheological fluid.
2 is shear stress according to the presence or absence of an electric field of an electrorheological fluid prepared by dispersing magnesium-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles prepared in Examples 1 and 4-6 in soybean oil, canola oil, grapeseed oil, and olive oil, respectively. is a graph showing

The present invention introduces a biodegradable metal dopant into silica/titania hollow nanoparticles having a size of 105 nanometers to 150 nanometers and having an outer wall of a mixture of silica and titanium dioxide having a thickness of 13 nanometers to 25 nanometers, , To prepare an electrorheological fluid by introducing and dispersing the biodegradable metal-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles in vegetable oil.

Method for preparing an electrorheological fluid composed of silica/titania hollow nanoparticles doped with a biodegradable metal and vegetable oil according to the present invention

(A) preparing silica nanoparticles;

(B) preparing silica/titania core-shell particles by coating titanium dioxide on the silica nanoparticles;

(C) preparing silica/titania hollow nanoparticles by removing the silica cores from the silica/titania core-shell particles by etching in an aqueous basic solution;

(D) dispersing the silica/titania hollow nanoparticles in an aqueous solution of a biodegradable metal chloride and preparing biodegradable metal-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles through an impregnation method;

(E) drying the biodegradable metal-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles in a vacuum oven; and,

(F) dispersing the dried biodegradable metal-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles in vegetable oil.

The size of the prepared silica/titania hollow nanoparticles is 105 nanometers to 150 nanometers, and the thickness of the outer wall of the mixture of silica and titanium dioxide is preferably 13 nanometers to 25 micrometers, but is not limited to these ranges. It may be more or less than the above range.

When drying in a vacuum oven, the drying temperature is preferably 30 to 50 ° C, and most preferably 35 to 45 ° C, but is not limited to these ranges and may be more or less than the above range. The degree of reduced pressure during drying is preferably 0.01 MPa to 0.3 MPa. More preferably, it is 0.01 MPa to 0.1 MPa.

The metal chloride used in step (D) is not limited to a specific metal chloride, and at least one from the group consisting of magnesium chloride, zinc chloride, iron III chloride, tungsten chloride and molybdenum chloride can be used as the metal chloride. In the case of the metal chloride used, if it is a chloride of a biodegradable metal, it is not limited to these ranges and may be more than the above ranges.

The added amount of the biodegradable metal dopant is preferably 0.5 to 8 parts by weight of element relative to 100 parts by weight of silica/titania, more preferably 1 to 6 parts by weight, and most preferably 1 to 5 parts by weight, but within these ranges It is not limited and may be more or less than the above range. If the elemental weight part is less than 0.5, the amount of doped metal is small and the polarizability of the silica/titania hollow nanoparticles cannot be effectively increased. If the elemental weight part is 8 or more, in the case of some metal chlorides, the metal is precipitated upon drying after the impregnation method, resulting in silica It is difficult to prepare silica/titania hollow nanoparticles uniformly doped with a biodegradable metal because the /titania hollow nanoparticles are separated in an undoped state.

Since the standard for the added amount of silica/titania hollow nanoparticles is the volume weight part with vegetable oil, a pycnometer is used to measure the volume of the silica/titania hollow nanoparticles, and the density of the hollow nanoparticles is obtained and the density is measured The volume of the hollow nanoparticle is calculated using the value, and the hollow nanoparticle is introduced into the vegetable oil as an insulating fluid based on parts by volume.

When the biodegradable metal-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles are dispersed in vegetable oil in step (F), stirring using a magnetic bar and ultrasonic dispersion using a sonicator are used as a dispersion method. can The dispersion time is preferably 24 hours, and may be more or less than the above time, and it is preferable that the hollow nanoparticles are evenly dispersed in the vegetable oil. When the biodegradable metal-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles are not evenly dispersed in vegetable oil, the electrorheological phenomenon occurs only in the part where the nanoparticles are dispersed and the particles form a ladder structure only in a part of the fluid, so the electrorheological performance is poor. drop noticeably

In the prepared biodegradable metal-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles, metal oxide is formed on the surface of a cell in which silica and titanium dioxide are mixed due to metal doping, which improves the polarizability of the nanoparticles and simultaneously improves the theoretical electrical conductivity. values close to the optimum. The theoretical optimal value of electrical conductivity was calculated according to the Wagner model. As described above, the electrorheological fluid including the silica/titania hollow nanoparticles doped with the biodegradable metal exhibits twice as high shear stress as the electrorheological fluid including the silica/titania hollow nanoparticles undoped with the metal.

In addition, the prepared electrorheological fluid including silica/titia hollow nanoparticles doped with biodegradable metals has a lower density than general nanoparticles due to the hollow structure of the introduced silica/titania hollow nanoparticles, resulting in sedimentation properties. (sedimentation property) is significantly reduced. Sedimentation property is measured by the rate at which nanoparticles sink when a fluid composed of nanoparticles and a dispersion medium is left for a certain period of time. small.

[Example]

Specific examples of the present invention will be described with reference to the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

1. Example 1

The size of 115 nanometers, the thickness of the outer wall of a mixture of 15 nanometers of silica and titanium dioxide (hereinafter referred to as “silica/titania outer wall”), and the magnesium chloride aqueous solution of 5 parts by weight of element relative to 100 parts by weight of silica/titania Silica/titania hollow nanoparticles introduced as a biodegradable metal dopant were dried in a vacuum oven at a temperature of 40°C and a reduced pressure of 0.1 MPa for 24 hours, and then silica/titania doped with a biodegradable metal was added to 7 mL of commercially available soybean oil. After introducing 3 mL of hollow nanoparticles, ultrasonic dispersion using an ultrasonic device was performed for 6 hours to disperse biodegradable metal-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles, which contained biodegradable metal-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles. An electrorheological fluid was prepared.

Table 1 shows the ratio of elements present on the surface of the biodegradable metal-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles prepared in Example 1 of the invention by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results measured using this are shown in a table. As a result of the measurement, it was confirmed that 1.57 parts by elemental weight of magnesium was doped on the surface of the silica/titania hollow nanoparticles.

Table 1

As a result of measuring the electrorheological performance of the prepared electrorheological fluid through a rheometer to which an electric field applying device was added, it was observed that the shear stress increased according to the strength of the electric field, and an electric field of 3 kV mm ^-1 , it was observed to have a shear stress of 291 Pa at a shear rate of 0.1 s ^-1 . At low shear rates, the shear stress was constant and at high shear rates, the shear stress increased. The behavior of the Bingham fluid could be observed. In the case of an electrorheological fluid containing silica/titania hollow nanoparticles not doped with a biodegradable metal, which is a comparative material, a shear stress of 105.6 Pa was exhibited under the same conditions. (Fig. 1)

2. Example 2

Using the same method as in Example 1, an aqueous solution of zinc chloride with a size of 115 nanometers and a thickness of the outer wall of silica/titania of 15 nanometers and 5 parts by weight of silica/titania based on 100 parts by weight of silica/titania was used as a biodegradable metal dopant. After drying the introduced silica/titania hollow nanoparticles in a vacuum oven at a temperature of 40°C and a reduced pressure of 0.1 MPa for 24 hours, 3 mL of biodegradable metal-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles were added to 7 mL of commercially available soybean oil. After the introduction, ultrasonic dispersion using an ultrasonic device is performed for 6 hours to disperse the biodegradable metal-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles to prepare an electrorheological fluid containing the biodegradable metal-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles. did

As a result of measuring the prepared silica/titania hollow nanoparticles using EDS, it was confirmed that 2.69 parts by elemental weight of zinc were doped on the surface.

As a result of measuring the electrorheological performance of the prepared electrorheological fluid through a rheometer to which an electric field applying device was added, it was observed that it had a shear stress of 268.1 Pa at an electric field of 3 kV mm ^-1 and a shear rate of 0.1 s ^-1 . (Fig. 1)

3. Example 3

Using the same method as in Example 1, an aqueous solution of iron (III) chloride having a size of 115 nanometers and a thickness of the outer wall of silica / titania of 15 nanometers and 5 parts by weight of elemental weight relative to 100 parts by weight of silica / titania was biodegradable. Silica/titania hollow nanoparticles introduced as a metal dopant were dried in a vacuum oven at a temperature of 40°C and a reduced pressure of 0.1 MPa for 24 hours, and then silica/titania hollow nanoparticles doped with a biodegradable metal were added to 7 mL of commercially available soybean oil. After introducing 3 mL, ultrasonic dispersion using an ultrasonic device was carried out for 6 hours to disperse the biodegradable metal-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles, thereby dispersing the biodegradable metal-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles. fluid was prepared.

As a result of measuring the prepared silica/titania hollow nanoparticles using EDS, it was confirmed that 2.84 parts by elemental weight of iron were doped on the surface.

As a result of measuring the electrorheological performance of the prepared electrorheological fluid through a rheometer to which an electric field applying device was added, it was observed that it had a shear stress of 224.1 Pa at an electric field of 3 kV mm ^-1 and a shear rate of 0.1 s ^-1 . (Fig. 1)

4. Example 4

Silica/titania hollow nanoparticles having a size of 115 nanometers and a thickness of the outer wall of 15 nanometers of silica/titania and 1.57 parts by elemental weight of magnesium compared to 100 parts by elemental weight of silica/titania were introduced as a biodegradable metal dopant at a temperature of 40°C. C, After drying for 24 hours in a vacuum oven with a reduced pressure of 0.1 MPa, 3 mL of biodegradable metal-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles were introduced into 7 mL of commercially available olive oil, followed by ultrasonic dispersion using an ultrasonic device for 6 hours. As a result, the biodegradable metal-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles were dispersed to prepare an electrorheological fluid containing the biodegradable metal-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles.

As a result of measuring the prepared silica/titania hollow nanoparticles using EDS, it was confirmed that 1.57 parts by elemental weight of magnesium was doped on the surface.

As a result of measuring the electrorheological performance of the prepared electrorheological fluid through a rheometer to which an electric field applying device was added, it was observed that it had a shear stress of 289.8 Pa at an electric field of 3 kV mm ^-1 and a shear rate of 0.1 s ^-1 . (Fig. 2)

5. Example 5

Silica/titania hollow nanoparticles having a size of 115 nanometers and a thickness of the outer wall of 15 nanometers of silica/titania and 1.57 parts by elemental weight of magnesium compared to 100 parts by elemental weight of silica/titania were introduced as a biodegradable metal dopant at a temperature of 40°C. C, after drying for 24 hours in a vacuum oven with a reduced pressure of 0.1 MPa, 3 mL of biodegradable metal-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles were introduced into 7 mL of commercially available grapeseed oil, followed by ultrasonic dispersion using an ultrasonic device. As time progressed, the biodegradable metal-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles were dispersed to prepare an electrorheological fluid containing the biodegradable metal-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles.

As a result of measuring the prepared silica/titania hollow nanoparticles using EDS, it was confirmed that 1.57 parts by elemental weight of magnesium was doped on the surface.

As a result of measuring the electrorheological performance of the prepared electrorheological fluid through a rheometer to which an electric field applying device was added, it was observed that it had a shear stress of 209.6 Pa at an electric field of 3 kV mm ^-1 and a shear rate of 0.1 s ^-1 . (Fig. 2)

6. Example 6

Silica/titania hollow nanoparticles having a size of 115 nanometers and a thickness of the outer wall of 15 nanometers of silica/titania and 1.57 parts by elemental weight of magnesium compared to 100 parts by elemental weight of silica/titania were introduced as a biodegradable metal dopant at a temperature of 40°C. C, after drying in a vacuum oven under a reduced pressure of 0.1 MPa for 24 hours, 3 mL of biodegradable metal-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles were introduced into 7 mL of commercially available canola oil, followed by ultrasonic dispersion using an ultrasonic device for 6 hours. As a result, the biodegradable metal-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles were dispersed to prepare an electrorheological fluid containing the biodegradable metal-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles.

As a result of measuring the prepared silica/titania hollow nanoparticles using EDS, it was confirmed that 1.57 parts by elemental weight of magnesium was doped on the surface.

As a result of measuring the electrorheological performance of the prepared electrorheological fluid through a rheometer to which an electric field applying device was added, it was observed that it had a shear stress of 193.5 Pa at an electric field of 3 kV mm ^-1 and a shear rate of 0.1 s ^-1 . (Fig. 2)

Claims (18)

delete delete delete delete delete delete delete preparing silica nanoparticles;
preparing silica/titania core-shell particles by coating titanium dioxide on the silica nanoparticles;
preparing silica/titania hollow nanoparticles having outer walls in which silica and titania are mixed by removing the silica cores from the silica/titania core-shell particles by etching in an aqueous basic solution;
Dispersing the silica/titania hollow nanoparticles in an aqueous solution of a biodegradable metal chloride and then preparing biodegradable metal-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles through an impregnation method;
drying the biodegradable metal-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles in a vacuum oven; and
Dispersing the biodegradable metal-doped silica / titania hollow nanoparticles in vegetable oil
Method for preparing an electrorheological fluid comprising silica/titania hollow nanoparticles.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the size of the silica/titania hollow nanoparticles ranges from 105 nanometers to 150 nanometers.
[Claim 9] The method of claim 8, wherein the outer wall of the mixture of silica and titania has a thickness of 13 nanometers to 25 nanometers.
The silica / titania hollow nanoparticles according to claim 8, characterized in that the biodegradable metal chloride contains at least one selected from the group consisting of magnesium chloride, zinc chloride, iron Ⅲ chloride, tungsten chloride and molybdenum chloride Method for producing an electrorheological fluid, including
The silica/titania hollow nanoparticles according to claim 8, wherein the amount of the metal dopant added during doping of the biodegradable metal to the silica/titania hollow nanoparticles is 0.5 to 7 based on 100 parts by weight of silica/titania. Method for producing an electrorheological fluid, including
The silica/titania hollow nanoparticles of claim 8, wherein both stirring using a magnetic bar and ultrasonic dispersion using an ultrasonic device are used when the impregnation method is used when doping the biodegradable metal into the silica/titania hollow nanoparticles. Method for producing an electrorheological fluid, including a.
[Claim 9] The method for preparing an electrorheological fluid including silica/titania hollow nanoparticles according to claim 8, wherein the temperature of the vacuum oven is 30 to 50 °C during the drying.
[Claim 9] The method of claim 8, wherein, during the drying, the degree of depressurization of the vacuum oven ranges from 0.01 MPa to 0.3 MPa.
The method of claim 8, wherein the vegetable oil comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of soybean oil, peanut oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, palm oil, nut oil, canola oil, and grapeseed oil. A method for producing an electrorheological fluid containing silica / titania hollow nanoparticles.
The preparation of electrorheological fluid including silica/titania hollow nanoparticles according to claim 8, wherein the amount of the vegetable oil added is 233 to 1900 parts by volume based on 100 parts by volume of the biodegradable metal-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles. method.
The silica/titania hollow nanoparticles of claim 8, wherein the dispersion of the biodegradable metal-doped silica-tania hollow nanoparticles is performed by selecting either agitation using a magnetic bar or ultrasonic dispersion using an ultrasonic device. Method for producing an electrorheological fluid, including a.

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