KR102506227B1 - Cellulose nanocrystals extracted from coffee by-products and use of the same - Google Patents

Cellulose nanocrystals extracted from coffee by-products and use of the same Download PDF

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KR102506227B1
KR102506227B1 KR1020200133226A KR20200133226A KR102506227B1 KR 102506227 B1 KR102506227 B1 KR 102506227B1 KR 1020200133226 A KR1020200133226 A KR 1020200133226A KR 20200133226 A KR20200133226 A KR 20200133226A KR 102506227 B1 KR102506227 B1 KR 102506227B1
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Abstract

본 발명은 커피 부산물을 화학적으로 처리하여 커피 부산물로부터 셀룰로오스 나노크리스탈을 얻는 방법 및 그 방법으로 얻어진 셀룰로오스 나노크리스탈을 조직 공학에 유용한 생체 물질로 적용할 수 있는 것이다.The present invention is a method for obtaining cellulose nanocrystals from coffee by-products by chemically treating coffee by-products, and the cellulose nanocrystals obtained by the method can be applied as a useful biological material for tissue engineering.

Description

커피 부산물로부터 추출된 셀룰로오스 나노크리스탈 및 그 용도{Cellulose nanocrystals extracted from coffee by-products and use of the same}Cellulose nanocrystals extracted from coffee by-products and use of the same}

본 발명은 커피 부산물로부터 추출된 셀룰로오스 나노크리스탈 및 그 용도에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to cellulose nanocrystals extracted from coffee by-products and their uses.

커피는 전 세계적으로 가장 인기있는 음료 중 하나이며, 전 세계적으로 연간 1 억 5 천만 톤의 생산으로 추정되는 산업으로 확산되었으며, 많은 커피 부산물이 커피 펄프, 커피 찌꺼기 등의 형태로 생산된다. 이러한 부산물에 대한 이용이 제한되고, 직접 폐기는 카페인, 탄닌 및 폴리 페놀과 같은 독성 성분으로 인해 환경에 악영향을 미칠 수 있다. 따라서 이들 부산물을 유용한 재료로 변환에 활용할 수 있는 적절하고 경제적인 방법의 개발이 필요하다.Coffee is one of the most popular beverages worldwide and has spread to an industry with an estimated annual production of 150 million tonnes worldwide, with many coffee by-products being produced in the form of coffee pulp, coffee grounds, etc. The use of these by-products is limited, and direct disposal can adversely affect the environment due to toxic components such as caffeine, tannins and polyphenols. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an appropriate and economical method for converting these by-products into useful materials.

셀룰로오스는 지구상에서 가장 풍부한 바이오 폴리머이며 식품, 바이오 연료 및 제약 분야에서 널리 연구되고 있다. 그것은 구조에 비정질 및 결정질 영역이 있다. 셀룰로오스의 산 가수 분해는 셀룰로오스 나노 결정 (CNC)으로 알려진 나노 미터 고도로 결정질 구조를 생성한다. CNC는 매크로 아날로그 구조가 아닌 우수한 물리 화학적 특성으로 인해 다양한 응용 분야에서 많은 주목을 받았다.Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on Earth and is widely studied in food, biofuels and pharmaceuticals. It has amorphous and crystalline regions in its structure. Acid hydrolysis of cellulose produces nanometer highly crystalline structures known as cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). CNC has received a lot of attention in various application fields due to its excellent physical and chemical properties rather than a macro-analog structure.

[선행특허 문헌][Prior Patent Literature]

대한민국 특허공개번호 제1999-0063952호Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 1999-0063952

본 발명은 상기의 필요성에 의하여 안출된 것으로서 본 발명의 목적은 커피 부산물로부터 유용한 재료를 얻는 방법을 제공하는 것이다.The present invention has been made by the above needs, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for obtaining useful materials from coffee by-products.

상기의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 발명은 커피 부산물을 화학적으로 처리하여 커피 부산물로부터 셀룰로오스 나노크리스탈을 얻는 방법을 제공한다.In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method of obtaining cellulose nanocrystals from coffee by-products by chemically treating coffee by-products.

본 발명의 일 구현예에 있어서, In one embodiment of the present invention,

상기 방법은 커피 부산물을 수산화칼륨 용액을 처리하고 산을 처리하여 중화한 후, 아염소 산나트륨(sodium chlorite) 및 초산을 첨가하여 반응시켜서 리그닌을 제거하는 과정을 포함하는 것이 바람직하나 이에 한정되지 아니한다.The method preferably includes, but is not limited to, treating coffee by-products with a potassium hydroxide solution, neutralizing them by treating them with acid, and then reacting them by adding sodium chlorite and acetic acid to remove lignin. .

또 본 발명은 상기 본 발명의 방법에 의하여 얻어진 커피 부산물로부터 유래한 셀룰로오스 나노크리스탈을 제공한다.In addition, the present invention provides cellulose nanocrystals derived from coffee by-products obtained by the method of the present invention.

본 발명의 일 구현예에 있어서, In one embodiment of the present invention,

상기 셀룰로오스 나노크리스탈의 평균 셀룰로오스 나노크리스탈 길이는 120 nm인 것이 바람직하나 이에 한정되지 아니한다.The average cellulose nanocrystal length of the cellulose nanocrystal is preferably 120 nm, but is not limited thereto.

본 발명의 다른 구현예에 있어서, In another embodiment of the present invention,

상기 셀룰로오스 나노크리스탈은 황산염 기를 가지는 것이 바람직하나 이에 한정되지 아니한다.The cellulose nanocrystal preferably has a sulfate group, but is not limited thereto.

또한 본 발명은 상기 본 발명의 커피 부산물로부터 유래한 셀룰로오스 나노크리스탈을 인 비트로에서 세포에 처리하여 세포의 증식을 증가시키는 방법을 제공한다.In addition, the present invention provides a method for increasing cell proliferation by treating cells in vitro with cellulose nanocrystals derived from coffee by-products of the present invention.

본 발명의 일 구현예에 있어서, In one embodiment of the present invention,

상기 세포는 인간 중간엽 줄기세포인 것이 바람직하나 이에 한정되지 아니한다.The cells are preferably human mesenchymal stem cells, but are not limited thereto.

본 발명의 또 다른 구현예에 있어서, In another embodiment of the present invention,

상기 셀룰로오스 나노크리스탈을 세포에 처리하는 농도는 0.5%(w/v)인 것이 바람직하나 이에 한정되지 아니한다.The concentration at which the cellulose nanocrystal is treated with cells is preferably 0.5% (w/v), but is not limited thereto.

또한 본 발명은 상기 본 발명의 커피 부산물로부터 유래한 셀룰로오스 나노크리스탈을 인 비트로에서 세포에 처리하여 세포의 광물화를 증가시키는 방법을 제공한다.In addition, the present invention provides a method for increasing the mineralization of cells by treating cells in vitro with cellulose nanocrystals derived from coffee by-products of the present invention.

본 발명의 일 구현예에 있어서, In one embodiment of the present invention,

상기 셀룰로오스 나노크리스탈을 세포에 처리하는 농도는 0.5%(w/v)인 것이 바람직하나 이에 한정되지 아니한다.The concentration at which the cellulose nanocrystal is treated with cells is preferably 0.5% (w/v), but is not limited thereto.

또한 본 발명은 상기 본 발명의 커피 부산물로부터 유래한 셀룰로오스 나노크리스탈을 인 비트로에서 세포에 처리하여 골형성 관련 유전자의 발현을 증가시키는 방법을 제공한다.In addition, the present invention provides a method for increasing the expression of osteogenesis-related genes by treating cells in vitro with cellulose nanocrystals derived from coffee by-products of the present invention.

본 발명의 일 구현예에 있어서, In one embodiment of the present invention,

상기 골형성 관련 유전자는 BSP(bone sialoprotein)인 것이 바람직하나 ㅇld에 한정되지 아니한다.The osteogenesis-related gene is preferably bone sialoprotein (BSP), but is not limited to ㅇld.

이하 본 발명을 설명한다.The present invention will be described below.

본 발명에서 우리는 화학적 처리를 통해 커피 찌꺼기에서 CNC를 추출하고 골수 유래 줄기 세포 (BMSCs) 존재 하에서 골 형성 가능성을 평가했다. 수득된 물질은 FTIR, XRD 및 TGA 측정으로 특성화되었다. 커피에서 추출한 CNC의 존재에서 골 형성이 크게 향상되었다.In the present invention, we extracted CNCs from coffee grounds through chemical treatment and evaluated their osteogenic potential in the presence of bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs). The material obtained was characterized by FTIR, XRD and TGA measurements. Osteogenesis was greatly enhanced in the presence of coffee-derived CNCs.

본 발명에서 알 수 있는 바와 같이, CNC는 커피 찌꺼기에서 성공적으로 추출되었으며 다양한 분광 기술로 특성을 살펴 보았다. As can be seen from the present invention, CNC was successfully extracted from coffee grounds and its properties were examined by various spectroscopic techniques.

추출된 CNC는 열 안정성이 감소 된 바늘 모양의 결정 형태를 나타냈다. BMSC의 존재 하에서 CNC의 부작용이 관찰되지 않아 생체 적합성을 나타내었고, 세포 생존력은 배지에서 CNC 내용물에 의해 크게 영향을 받았다. The extracted CNCs exhibited a needle-like crystalline morphology with reduced thermal stability. No side effects of CNC were observed in the presence of BMSCs, indicating biocompatibility, and cell viability was greatly affected by CNC content in the medium.

향상된 광물화 및 골 형성 발생이 대조군과 비교하여 CNC 처리된 배지에서 나타났고, 이것은 그들의 우수한 골 형성 잠재력을 나타낸다. Enhanced mineralization and osteogenic incidence was seen in the CNC treated media compared to the control, indicating their superior osteogenic potential.

따라서 화학적 처리는 폐 커피박을 조직 공학에 유용한 생체 물질로 성공적으로 전환시킨다.Thus, chemical treatment successfully converts waste coffee grounds into biomaterials useful for tissue engineering.

도 1 (a)는 커피 찌꺼기에서 CNC 추출에 대한 개략도이고,
(b)는 추출된 CNC의 TEM 이미지이며,
(c)는 추출된 셀룰로오스 및 CNC의 FTIR 스펙트럼.
도 2는 추출된 셀룰로오스와 CNC의 (a) XRD 패턴 및 (b) TGA 곡선,
도 3(a)는 추출된 CNC의 존재 하의 BMSC의 세포 생존력이고, (b)는 CNC를 사용하거나 CNC를 사용하지 않은 BMSC의 현미경 형광 이미지이며,
도 4(a)는 추출된 CNC의 광물화 능력이고, (b)는 기재된 기간에서 CNC를 사용하거나 CNC 없이 골 형성 유전자 발현을 나타낸 그림.
1 (a) is a schematic diagram of CNC extraction from coffee grounds;
(b) is a TEM image of the extracted CNC,
(c) FTIR spectra of extracted cellulose and CNC.
2 shows (a) XRD patterns and (b) TGA curves of extracted cellulose and CNC;
Figure 3 (a) is the cell viability of BMSCs in the presence of extracted CNCs, (b) is a microscopic fluorescence image of BMSCs with or without CNCs,
Figure 4 (a) is the mineralization ability of the extracted CNC, (b) is a picture showing the osteogenic gene expression with or without CNC in the described period.

이하 비한정적인 실시예를 통하여 본 발명을 더욱 상세하게 설명한다. 단 하기 실시예는 본 발명을 설명하기 위한 의도로 기재된 것으로서 본 발명의 범위는 하기 실시예에 의하여 제한되는 것으로 해석되지 아니한다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail through non-limiting examples. However, the following examples are described with the intention of explaining the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not construed as being limited by the following examples.

실시예 1: 커피 부산물로부터 CNC 추출 및 특성화Example 1: Extraction and Characterization of CNCs from Coffee Byproducts

CNC 추출CNC extraction

커피 찌꺼기에서 CNC 추출은 이전에 보고된 것을 약간 수정하여 수행되었다 [S. Sung, Y. Chang, J. Han, Carbohydr. Polym.169 (2017) 495-503. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.04.0375]. CNC extraction from coffee grounds was performed with minor modifications from previously reported [S. Sung, Y. Chang, J. Han, Carbohydr. Polym. 169 (2017) 495-503. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.04.0375].

요약하면, 건조된 커피 부산물 분말 (30g)을 연속 기계적인 교반과 함께 90 °C에서 2 시간 동안 1:12의 중량비로 3%(w/v) 수산화 칼륨(KOH; Sigma-Aldrich, USA)으로 처리했다. KOH 처리된 커피 부산물 분말을 증류수 (DI)로 세척한 후 10 % (v/v) 염산(HCL; Wako Pure Chemicals Co., Japan)으로 중화했다. 중화된 샘플을 여과하고 60 °C에서 48 시간 동안 건조시켰다. Briefly, dried coffee by-product powder (30 g) was mixed with 3% (w/v) potassium hydroxide (KOH; Sigma-Aldrich, USA) in a weight ratio of 1:12 for 2 h at 90 °C with continuous mechanical stirring. dealt with The KOH-treated coffee by-product powder was washed with distilled water (DI) and then neutralized with 10% (v/v) hydrochloric acid (HCL; Wako Pure Chemicals Co., Japan). The neutralized sample was filtered and dried at 60 °C for 48 hours.

건조된 물질(14.26g)을 아염소산 나트륨 (대한민국, 대중 화학)과 아세트산을 용액에 존재하는 고형분 1.2g 대 240μL의 비율로 처리하여 리그닌을 제거하였다.The dried material (14.26 g) was treated with sodium chlorite (Korea, Daejong Chemical) and acetic acid in a ratio of 1.2 g of solids present in the solution to 240 μL to remove lignin.

이 과정을 6 회 반복한 후 잔류물을 탈 이온수로 세척하고 동결 건조 (Freeze Dryer, EYELA Freeze Drying Unit 2200, Tokyo Rikakikai Co., Japan)를 24 시간 동안 진행하였다. After repeating this process six times, the residue was washed with deionized water and freeze-dried (Freeze Dryer, EYELA Freeze Drying Unit 2200, Tokyo Rikakikai Co., Japan) for 24 hours.

잔류 물질 (3.14g)을 수산화 나트륨(NaOH; Sigma-Aldrich, USA) 및 10 % 아세트산 (v/v)으로 50 분 동안 연속 교반하면서 처리하여 헤미셀룰로오스를 제거하였다. The remaining material (3.14 g) was treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH; Sigma-Aldrich, USA) and 10% acetic acid (v/v) for 50 minutes with continuous stirring to remove hemicellulose.

그 후, 그 물질을 탈 이온수로 세척하고 여과하여 순수한 셀룰로오스를 얻었다. After that, the material was washed with deionized water and filtered to obtain pure cellulose.

얻어진 셀룰로오스 (1.25g)를 64 % 황산(H2SO4; 대중 화학, 대한민국)으로 45 °C에서 60 분간 처리한 후 10 배의 냉장 탈이온수를 첨가하여 반응을 급냉시켰다. 그 얻어진 물질을 셀룰로오스 튜브(12-14 kDa)로 3-4 일 동안 투석하였다.The obtained cellulose (1.25 g) was treated with 64% sulfuric acid (H2SO4; Daekwon Chemical, Korea) at 45 °C for 60 min, and then the reaction was quenched by adding 10 times cold deionized water. The obtained material was dialyzed for 3-4 days with a cellulose tube (12-14 kDa).

Perkin Elmer FTIR 분석기(Frontier, Perkin Elmer, UK)를 적용하여 4cm-1의 해상도로 500-4000cm-1 범위의 기능기를 관찰하였다. A Perkin Elmer FTIR analyzer (Frontier, Perkin Elmer, UK) was applied to observe functional groups in the range of 500-4000 cm −1 with a resolution of 4 cm −1 .

구조적 특성은 X’Pert PRO X 선 회절계(X’Pert PRO MPD, Philips, Eindhoven, Netherlands)에 의해 확인하였다. 크기와 형태는 투과 전자 현미경 (TEM) (JEM 2100F, Jeol, Japan)에 의해 결정되었다. 수득된 물질의 열 안정성은 열 중량 분석기(TGA) (SDT Q600, TA Instruments, USA)를 통해 평가되었다.Structural characterization was confirmed by X'Pert PRO X-ray diffractometer (X'Pert PRO MPD, Philips, Eindhoven, Netherlands). Size and morphology were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (JEM 2100F, Jeol, Japan). The thermal stability of the obtained material was evaluated via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) (SDT Q600, TA Instruments, USA).

실시예 2: 세포 배양 및 골 형성Example 2: Cell culture and bone formation

골수 유래 중간엽 줄기 세포(BMSC)는 대한민국 서울에 있는 서울대학교 소재 한국 세포주 은행 (KCLB)에서 받아 이전에 다른 곳에서 보고된 바와 같이 배양하였다[D. Patel, S. Dutta, J. Hexiu, K. Ganguly, K. Lim, Int. J.Biol. Macromol. 162 (2020) 1429-1441. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.2468]. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were obtained from the Korean Cell Line Bank (KCLB), Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea and cultured as previously reported elsewhere [D. Patel, S. Dutta, J. Hexiu, K. Ganguly, K. Lim, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 162 (2020) 1429-1441. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.2468].

CNC 존재 하에서 BMSC 유래 광물화 및 골 형성 관련 유전자 발현은 본 발명자들의 기존 논문[H. Kim, B. Jin, D. Patel, J. Kim, J. Kim, H. Seonwoo et al., IEEE Trans. Nanobioscience. 18 (2019) 463-468. doi:10.1109/tnb.2019.2914127]과 같이 수행되었다.Expression of BMSC-derived mineralization and osteogenesis-related genes in the presence of CNC was reported in the present inventors' paper [H. Kim, B. Jin, D. Patel, J. Kim, J. Kim, H. Seonwoo et al., IEEE Trans. Nanobioscience. 18 (2019) 463-468. doi:10.1109/tnb.2019.2914127].

상기 실시예의 결과는 하기에서 서술한다.The results of the above examples are described below.

커피 찌꺼기에서 CNC 추출에 대한 개략도는 그림 1 (a)에 나와 있다. 수득된 샘플은 화학적 처리로 대부분의 비(non)-셀룰로오스 성분이 제거되었음을 나타내는 상당히 흰색이었다. A schematic diagram of CNC extraction from coffee grounds is shown in Fig. 1(a). The sample obtained was fairly white indicating that the chemical treatment had removed most of the non-cellulosic components.

산 가수 분해된 CNC의 TEM 이미지는 그림 1(b)에 나와 있다. The TEM image of the acid hydrolyzed CNC is shown in Fig. 1(b).

산 가수 분해는 매우 결정적이고 바늘과 같은 구조를 생성하고 이것은 무정형 셀룰로오스 영역의 제거를 시사한다.Acid hydrolysis produces highly crystalline, needle-like structures, suggesting removal of amorphous cellulose domains.

얻은 CNC의 평균 길이는 약 120nm이다. FTIR 분광기는 작용기와 관련된 정보를 가능하게하는 강력한 분석 기술이다. 커피 찌꺼기에서 추출한 셀룰로오스와 CNC의 FTIR 스펙트럼은 그림 1 (c)에 나타내었다. The average length of the CNCs obtained is about 120 nm. FTIR spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique enabling information related to functional groups. The FTIR spectra of cellulose and CNCs extracted from coffee grounds are shown in Fig. 1(c).

1700cm-1에서 FTIR 흡수 피크의 출현은 헤미셀룰로오스의 아세틸 그룹이 존재함을 나타내는 반면,이 피크의 강도는 CNC에서 약화되었다.The appearance of an FTIR absorption peak at 1700 cm −1 indicates the presence of acetyl groups in hemicellulose, whereas the intensity of this peak was attenuated in CNC.

CNC에서 813 cm-1에 추가 피크의 존재는 구조에 황산염 기가 존재함을 시사한다. The presence of an additional peak at 813 cm −1 in CNC suggests the presence of a sulfate group in the structure.

CNC의 FTIR 스펙트럼은 셀룰로오스와 유사한 패턴을 나타내며, 이는 산 가수분해에 의해 일어난 셀룰로오스의 분자 구조에 큰 변화가 없음을 보여준다. 추출 된 셀룰로오스와 CNC의 XRD 패턴은 그림 2 (a)와 같다.The FTIR spectrum of CNC shows a pattern similar to that of cellulose, indicating that there is no significant change in the molecular structure of cellulose caused by acid hydrolysis. The XRD patterns of the extracted cellulose and CNC are shown in Fig. 2(a).

셀룰로오스의 XRD 패턴은 ~ 11.9, 21.5 및 22.4 °에서 3 개의 두드러진 회절 피크를 나타내어 셀룰로오스 I 및 셀룰로오스 II 구조를 시사한다. The XRD pattern of cellulose showed three prominent diffraction peaks at ~11.9, 21.5 and 22.4°, suggesting cellulose I and cellulose II structures.

11.9 °에서 회절 피크는 CNC에서 관찰되지 않는 무정형 셀룰로오스 영역의 존재로 인해 나타나며 산 가수 분해 동안 무정형 영역의 제거를 더욱 확인한다.A diffraction peak at 11.9° appears due to the presence of amorphous cellulose domains not observed in CNCs, further confirming the removal of amorphous domains during acid hydrolysis.

22.4 °에서 뚜렷한 결정질 피크가 관찰되었으며 강도가 강화되어 결정질 CNC가 있음을 나타낸다. A distinct crystalline peak was observed at 22.4° with enhanced intensity, indicating the presence of crystalline CNCs.

TGA는 추출한 물질의 열 안정성을 결정하고 그 결과는 그림 2 (b)에 나와 있다.TGA determines the thermal stability of the extracted material and the results are shown in Fig. 2(b).

셀룰로오스에 비해 그 구조에 황산염 기가 존재하기 때문에 CNC의 열 안정성이 감소하는 것이 관찰되었고 이것은 열 전도성이 높고 열 전달과 빠른 열 분해를 촉진한다. Compared to cellulose, a reduced thermal stability of CNC was observed due to the presence of sulfate groups in its structure, which promotes high thermal conductivity and rapid thermal degradation.

셀룰로오스 및 CNC의 10 % 중량 손실은 각각 204 및 162 °C에서 발생했다. ~ 100 ° C 아래 지역의 열 분해는 결합된 물 분자의 손실로 인한 것이다. The 10% weight loss of cellulose and CNC occurred at 204 and 162 °C, respectively. Thermal decomposition in the region below ~100 °C is due to the loss of bound water molecules.

셀룰로오스 구조의 손실은 ~ 200 °C 이후 발생했으며, 이것은 각각 CNC에서 ~ 320 ° C 및 380 °C 후에서 탄소 잔기의 빠른 해중합(depolymerization)이 수반되었다.Loss of cellulosic structure occurred after ~200 °C, which was accompanied by rapid depolymerization of carbon residues at CNC after ~320 °C and 380 °C, respectively.

추출된 CNC의 세포 독성은 WST-1 assay를 통해 평가하였으며 그 결과는 도 3 (a)와 같다. The cytotoxicity of the extracted CNC was evaluated through the WST-1 assay, and the results are shown in FIG. 3 (a).

특히, 대조군보다 CNC 처리 그룹에서 더 나은 세포 생존력이 관찰되어 생체 적합성을 나타낸다. In particular, better cell viability was observed in the CNC-treated group than in the control group, indicating biocompatibility.

세포 생존력은 CNC의 함량에 크게 영향을 받았으며, 처리된 그룹 중 0.5 % CNC는 우수한 세포 생존력을 나타냈다. BMSC의 현미경 형광 이미지는 그림 3 (b)에 나와 있다.Cell viability was greatly affected by the content of CNC, and among the treated groups, 0.5% CNC showed excellent cell viability. Microscopic fluorescence images of BMSCs are shown in Figure 3(b).

현미경 이미지는 길쭉한 세포 구조를 보여 주며 세포는 건강했다. 추출된 CNC 광물화 잠재력은 처리 7 일 및 14 일 후에 BMSC를 사용하여 ARS 프로세스를 통해 모니터링되었다.Microscopic images showed elongated cell structures and cells were healthy. The extracted CNC mineralization potential was monitored through the ARS process using BMSCs after 7 and 14 days of treatment.

그 결과는 그림 4 (a)에 제시되어 있다. 샘플이 없는 배지는 대조군으로 취급되었다. The result is presented in Figure 4 (a). Medium without samples was treated as a control.

CNC 처리 그룹은 대조군에 비해 더 우수한 광물화 잠재력을 보여주는 더 현저한 광물화를 나타냈다. 이것은 향상된 세포 활동을 촉진하는 CNC의 더 나은 생체 적합성에 기인한다.The CNC treatment group exhibited more significant mineralization showing better mineralization potential compared to the control group. This is attributed to the better biocompatibility of CNCs promoting enhanced cellular activity.

추출된 CNC에서 BMSC의 골 형성 관련 유전자 발현은 실시간 PCR로 평가되었으며 데이터는 그림 4(b)에 나와 있다. 이 경우 더 나은 광물화 활성으로 인해 0.5 % CNC를 사용했다. Osteogenesis-related gene expression in BMSCs from extracted CNCs was evaluated by real-time PCR, and the data are shown in Figure 4(b). In this case, 0.5% CNC was used because of its better mineralization activity.

7 일 배양 후 대조군과 비교하여 CNC 처리 배지에서 골 형성 관련 유전자 (Runx2, Osx, ALP, BSP, OCN, COL1 및 OPN)의 발현 향상이 발생했으며, 이는 처리 시간에 따라 더욱 증가하였고 이것은 그들의 뛰어난 골 형성 능력을 나타낸다.After 7-day culture, enhanced expression of osteogenesis-related genes (Runx2, Osx, ALP, BSP, OCN, COL1 and OPN) occurred in the CNC-treated medium compared to the control group, which further increased with treatment time and this was due to their superior bone formation. represents the ability to form.

Claims (12)

커피 부산물을 화학적으로 처리하여 얻어진 셀룰로오스 나노크리스탈을 0.5%(w/v) 농도로 인 비트로에서 세포에 2일 내지 3일간 처리하여 상기 세포의 증식을 증가시키는 방법.A method of increasing the proliferation of cells by treating cells with cellulose nanocrystals obtained by chemically treating coffee by-products at a concentration of 0.5% (w / v) for 2 to 3 days in vitro. 제1항에 있어서,
상기 셀룰로오스 나노크리스탈은 커피 부산물을 수산화칼륨 용액을 처리하고 산을 처리하여 중화한 후, 아염소 산나트륨(sodium chlorite) 및 초산을 첨가하여 반응시켜서 리그닌을 제거하는 과정을 포함하여 얻는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
According to claim 1,
The cellulose nanocrystals are obtained by treating coffee by-products with a potassium hydroxide solution, neutralizing them by treating them with acid, and then reacting them by adding sodium chlorite and acetic acid to remove lignin. Characterized in that method.
제1항에 있어서, 상기 세포는 인간 중간엽 줄기세포인 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.The method of claim 1, wherein the cells are human mesenchymal stem cells. 커피 부산물을 화학적으로 처리하여 얻어진 셀룰로오스 나노크리스탈을 0.5%(w/v) 농도로 인 비트로에서 세포에 14일간 처리하여 상기 세포에서 BSP(bone sialoprotein) 유전자의 상대적 mRNA 발현을 증가시키는 방법.A method of increasing the relative mRNA expression of a bone sialoprotein (BSP) gene in the cells by treating the cells with cellulose nanocrystals obtained by chemically treating coffee by-products at a concentration of 0.5% (w / v) for 14 days in vitro. 삭제delete 삭제delete 삭제delete 삭제delete 삭제delete 삭제delete 삭제delete 삭제delete
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