KR102477326B1 - Display panel having stable maintenance ratio with viewing angle changed in different gray levels - Google Patents

Abstract

The display panel includes a liquid crystal layer positioned between a first substrate and a second substrate. The first substrate includes scan lines and data lines crossed to define a pixel area. Each pixel area includes two extending portions parallel to the extending direction of the data line and an electrode having one bent portion positioned between the two extending portions and connecting the two extending portions. When light passes through the pixel area, a dark pattern including a first dark pattern and a plurality of second dark patterns is generated. The first dark pattern corresponds to the bending portion and is parallel to the scan line. The second dark pattern corresponds to the extended portion. The first dark pattern has first and second widths at a first gray level (half of the total gray level) and a second gray level (maximum gray level), respectively. A ratio of the first width to the second width is 2.1 to 3.0.

Description

Display panel having a stable maintenance rate with varying viewing angles at different gray levels

The present disclosure relates generally to display panels, and more particularly to display panels with better display quality.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Electronic products with display panels such as smart phones, tablet personal computers (i.e., tablet PCs, flat PCs, eg iPad), laptops, monitors, and televisions today are necessary tools for work and leisure in daily life. Liquid crystal display (LCD) panels are the most popular display panels in use.

For LCD panels applicable to flat panel displays, electronic visual displays and image displays, liquid crystal molecules aligned between two transparent electrodes continuously rotate according to the polarity and magnitude of an electric field when an electric field is applied, and changes the applied voltage. By doing so, different gray scale representations can be adjusted and realized. LCD panels possess excellent characteristics such as compact size, light weight, portability, reasonable price, high display quality and operation reliability. Also, the viewer's eyes feel much more comfortable viewing the LCD panel. Old cathode ray tube (CRT) monitors have been replaced with LCD panels. Currently, LCD panels offer consumers a universal choice in size, shape and resolution. However, the quality of the display panel will be affected by process variations. It is important to consider the details in the manufacturing process as well as the electrical performance and specifications to meet the product's requirements. For example, a suitable display panel should have better electrical properties, such as high operational reliability and stable display quality, and provided manufacturing methods should obtain and maintain high production yields. Generally, poor design of display panels will result in reduced yield and reliability of production. In addition, the impact of process variations on electrical performance as well as display quality must be considered.

The present disclosure relates to a display panel having better display quality.

According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a display panel including a first substrate, a second substrate opposite the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate is provided. The first substrate includes a scan line disposed on the first substrate and a data line disposed on the first substrate and crossing the scan line to define a pixel area. At least one of the pixel regions includes an electrode having two extending portions and one bending portion, the extending portion being substantially parallel to the extending direction of the data line, and the bending portion comprising two extending portions It is located between and connects the two extensions. When light passes through said one of the pixel areas, a dark pattern comprising a first dark pattern and a plurality of second dark patterns is generated in said one of the pixel areas, the first dark pattern corresponding to a bent portion of the electrode; , the extending direction of the first dark pattern is substantially parallel to the extending direction of the scan line, and the second dark pattern corresponds to the extending portion of the electrode. The first dark pattern has a first width at a first gray level and a second width at a second gray level, a ratio of the first width to the second width ranges from 2.1 to 3.0, and a second width The gray level is the maximum gray level of the display panel, and the first gray level is 1/2 of the entire gray level.

These and other aspects of the present disclosure will be better understood in connection with the following detailed description of preferred but non-limiting embodiments. The following description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1A is a plan view of a fringe field switching (FFS) mode LCD panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the LCD panel taken along the section line of FIG. 1A.
2 is a cross-sectional view of an FFS mode LCD panel according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
3A shows a single pixel area according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
3B illustrates a dark pattern generated when light passes through the pixel area of FIG. 3A.
4 illustrates a width of a first dark pattern that varies according to a gray level in a display panel according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 5 illustrates a viewing angle uniformity parameter at an intermediate gray level, a viewing angle uniformity parameter at a maximum gray level, and a viewing angle maintenance ratio, each varying according to a width ratio, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
6 illustrates widths varying according to gray levels in R, G, and B subpixels of different colors of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Figure 7 illustrates several patterns of LC module alignment in the pixel area resulting from different alignment directions, thus obtaining higher, median, and lower ratios of the width of the pixel area.
8 illustrates several dark patterns with different ratios of widths of the first dark patterns in corresponding pixel areas.
9 illustrates several patterns of LC module alignment in a pixel area in response to the shape of a pixel electrode.
10 illustrates two dark patterns having different ratios of widths of the first dark patterns in corresponding pixel areas according to different shapes of pixel electrodes.
11A, 11B and 11C respectively illustrate the splay, twist and bend type of deformation of liquid crystal molecules.
12 illustrates two dark patterns having different ratios of widths of the first dark patterns in corresponding pixel areas according to different deformations of liquid crystal molecules.
Fig. 13 shows a gray scale curve corresponding to interval d in Fig. 12-(1).

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, by providing a specific design of the width ratio at different gray levels to achieve a better and more stable maintenance ratio of light fluctuations with different viewing angles at different gray levels, thereby providing better display quality. A display panel having is disclosed. It also reduces fluctuations in the manufacturing process that are affected by results in stable maintenance rates. In addition, the display panel of the following embodiment provides a higher aperture ratio to meet the design requirements of the product. Therefore, the production yield of the display panel manufactured by the design of the embodiment is increased, and as a result, more reliable and stable display quality of the implemented display panel is obtained.

Embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is noted that structural details of the embodiments are provided for purposes of illustration and that the described details of the embodiments are not intended to limit the present disclosure. It should be noted that not all embodiments of the present invention are shown. Modifications and variations may be made to meet the requirements of actual applications without departing from the true meaning of the present disclosure. Accordingly, there may be other embodiments of the present disclosure that are not specifically illustrated. In addition, the accompanying drawings are simplified for clear illustration of the present disclosure, and the sizes and proportions in the drawings are not directly proportional to actual products and should not be construed as limitations on the present disclosure. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded as illustrative rather than limiting. Also, identical and/or similar elements in the embodiments are designated with identical and/or similar reference numerals.

Further, the use of ordinal terms such as “first,” “second,” “third,” etc. in the specification and claims to modify an element is, in itself, rather than another or chronological order in which the operations of a method are performed. It does not imply any priority, precedence, or order of the overriding one claim element, merely to distinguish one claim element having a particular name from another claim element having the same name (but It is used as a label to distinguish it from the use of ordinal terms).

Embodiments of the present disclosure can be widely used in different application fields, such as applied to fringe field switching (FFS) mode LCD panels. 1A is a plan view of an FFS mode LCD panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the LCD panel taken along section line 1B-1B in FIG. 1A. The display panel includes a first substrate S1, a second substrate S2 disposed to face the first substrate S1, and a liquid crystal layer LC disposed between the first substrate S1 and the second substrate S2. ). In this embodiment, an LCD panel with an upper pixel electrode configuration is illustrated for illustrative purposes, but the present disclosure is not limited to this configuration and illustrated details.

In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1A, the first substrate S1 includes a first base 110, and a plurality of scan lines SL and data disposed on the first substrate 110 and crossing each other. It includes line DL. Also, two adjacent data lines DL and two adjacent scan lines SL intersect to define a pixel area PX. Also, components of the second substrate S2 are omitted and are not shown in FIG. 1A.

As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B , the pixel area PX is disposed on the first base 110 and disposed on the active layer 113 made of low temperature polysilicon (LTPS) and the active layer 113 A thin film transistor (TFT) including a first insulating layer 121 , a gate 120G, and a second insulating layer 122 disposed on the gate 120G. In an embodiment, the TFT has a double gate. The thin film transistor TFT serving as a switch for controlling the pixel area PX is disposed adjacent to the intersection between the scan line SL and the data line DL, and is electrically connected to the data line DL. In addition, the second insulating layer 122 has a via 124 and a via 125, and a conductive material is formed in the via 124 and the via 125 to form the data line DL and the drain electrode DE of the TFT, respectively. ) is placed in Examples of conductive materials include metallic materials or other suitable conductive materials such as ITO, IZO, ITZO, IGZO, or combinations thereof. Accordingly, the data line DL is electrically connected to the active layer 113 through the via 124 , and the drain electrode DE is electrically connected to the active layer 113 through the via 125 . Additionally, a third insulating layer 127 is disposed on the second insulating layer 122 , the data line DL, and the drain electrode DE. A first conductive layer 131 (not shown in FIG. 1A ) is disposed over the third insulating layer 127, a second conductive layer 132 is disposed over the first conductive layer 131, and a fourth insulating layer 128 is disposed between the first conductive layer 131 and the second conductive layer 132 , and an insulating film 133 is disposed over the second conductive layer 132 . As shown in FIG. 1B, according to the display panel of this embodiment, the configuration shows that the second conductive layer 132 on the top is electrically connected to the data line DL, and the second conductive layer 132 is referred to as a pixel electrode, and the first conductive layer 131 is referred to as a common electrode. The structure shown in FIG. 1B is also known as an LCD panel with an upper pixel electrode configuration. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1B, the via 129 is disposed between the fourth insulating layer 128 (the first conductive layer 131 and the second conductive layer 132) to expose the drain electrode DE. ) and the third insulating layer 127 (disposed between the TFT and the first conductive layer 131). The second conductive layer 132 is disposed on the via 129 to electrically connect to the drain electrode DE, so that the second conductive layer 132 is electrically connected to the data line DL by the active layer 113. can be connected to.

In one embodiment, the first insulating layer 121, the second insulating layer 122 and the fourth insulating layer 128 are the same or different, such as independently selected from SiOx or SiNx or other applicable materials. It may be an inorganic insulating layer which may be made of an inorganic material. The second insulating layer 122 and the fourth insulating layer 128 may have a single layer or multiple layers. The third insulating layer 127 may be an organic insulating layer such as polyfluoroalkoxy (PFA) for being a planarization layer to isolate the TFT from the first conductive layer 131 . In another embodiment, the third insulating layer 127 may be made of a color filter layer material that is a color filter on array (COA) embodiment having a color filter layer and a thin film transistor (TFT) on the same substrate. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the third insulating layer 127 may be manufactured by selecting other organic materials, inorganic materials, or a combination of organic and inorganic materials. In one embodiment, the first conductive layer 131 and the second conductive layer 132 are spaced apart by a spacing ranging from about 50 nm to about 700 nm. In one embodiment, when the third insulating layer 127 between the thin film transistor and the first conductive layer 131 is an organic insulating layer, the first conductive layer 131 and the second conductive layer 132 are about 300 nm to about 700 nm, for example about 500 nm apart. In another embodiment, when the third insulating layer 127 between the thin film transistor and the first conductive layer 131 is an inorganic insulating layer, the first conductive layer 131 and the second conductive layer 132 may have a thickness of about 50 nm to about 50 nm. They are spaced apart in a range of about 300 nm, for example about 150 nm to about 200 nm apart. It should be noted that these numerical values provided are not limiting and are disclosed for illustrative purposes only.

In addition, the electrode of an embodiment includes a plurality of electrode branches and a plurality of slits, each slit being positioned between adjacent electrode branches. As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B , the second conductive layer 132 (ie, the electrode) has several slits 134, and the extending direction of the slits 134 is in the direction of the data line DL. Practically parallel. In one embodiment, each slit 134 may have a width in the range of 1.5 μm to 4 μm (but is not limited to). In one embodiment, each of the electrode branches may have a width ranging from (but not limited to) 1.5 μm to 4 μm. In addition, the first conductive layer 131 may be without slits (as shown in FIG. 1B) or may have slits, and the present disclosure does not have any specific limitations thereto.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1B , the TFTs of the display panel may be configured as a top-gate structure. In another embodiment, the TFTs of the display panel may be configured as a bottom-gate structure. The present disclosure is applicable not only to top-gate display panels but also to bottom-gate display panels. And the number of gates is not limited thereto.

2 is a cross-sectional view of an FFS mode LCD panel according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. The LCD panel of FIG. 2 is also known as an LCD panel having an upper common electrode configuration. Also, like elements in FIGS. 2 and 1A are designated by like reference numerals, and structural details of like elements have been described above and are not repeated here. A structural difference between FIG. 1B and FIG. 2 is a component connected to the data line DL. In FIG. 2 , the first conductive layer 131 (under the second conductive layer 132 ) is electrically connected to the data line DL. The second conductive layer 132 may be a common electrode, the first conductive layer 131 may be a pixel electrode, and the structure shown in FIG. 2 is referred to as an LCD panel having an upper common electrode configuration. Also, while the second conductive layer 132 has several slits, the first conductive layer 131 may or may not have slits. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, the via 129 is disposed between the third insulating layer 127 (the drain electrode DE of the TFT and the first conductive layer 131 to expose the drain electrode DE) ) penetrates The second conductive layer 132 is disposed on the via 129 to electrically connect to the drain electrode DE and further electrically connect to the data line DL through the active layer 113 .

In general, each pixel area PX of the FFS mode LCD panel includes at least two domains such as an upper domain and a lower domain, and the pattern of the electrode is like the V-shaped electrode shown in FIG. 1A, It is designed correspondingly according to the actual type of multi-domain in the application. In the following description, a pixel area PX having an upper domain and a lower domain is exemplified for description (but the application of the present disclosure is not limited thereto), and an electrode corresponding to the pixel area PX has two extensions. It has a portion 132E and one bending portion 132B, and the bending portion 132B is positioned between the two extending portions 132E and connects the two extending portions 132E. In one embodiment illustrating the pixel area PX of an LCD panel having a top pixel electrode configuration, the second conductive layer 132 is electrically connected to the TFT, as shown in FIG. 1B. In one embodiment illustrating the pixel area PX of the LCD panel having the upper common electrode configuration, as shown in FIG. 2 , the first conductive layer 131 is electrically connected to the TFT, and the pixel area PX The pattern of the common electrode in ) defines an extended portion and a bent portion. The extension portion corresponding to the slit or pixel area is substantially parallel to the extension direction of the data line DL, and the bending portion is positioned between the two extension portions and connects the two extension portions.

See Figures 3a and 3b. 3A shows a single pixel area according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The electrode of the pixel area PX has two extending parts 330E and one bending part 330B, and two slits 331 are formed in the electrode of the pixel area PX. The extension portion 330E of the slit 331 is substantially parallel to the extension direction of the data line DL, and the bending portion 330B is positioned between the two extension portions 330E and extends the two extension portions 330E. connect In an embodiment, the scan lines SL are patterned as straight lines and have an extension direction parallel to the X direction. The data line DL is not perpendicular to the skin line SL, but has a substantially extending direction (Y direction). In FIG. 3A , the angle θ _DL between the data line DL and the scan line (X direction) is displayed on the XY-plane (Cartesian plane). In another embodiment, the scan lines SL may be patterned as non-straight lines, but still have a substantially extending direction (X direction). In one embodiment, there is an angle between the two extension portions 330E of the electrode and the scan line SL, which angle is substantially equal to the angle θ _DL and is in the range of 80 degrees to 87 degrees, for example It may be 84 degrees. However, the present disclosure is not limited to the type of structure shown in FIG. 3A and the numerical values provided as interior angles or angular ranges. Also, the angle θ _DL between the scan line SL and the two extension portions 330E may be the same or different.

FIG. 3B illustrates a dark pattern generated when light passes through the single pixel area of FIG. 3A. When light passes through the pixel area, a dark pattern including a first dark pattern DF1 and a plurality of second dark patterns DF2 is generated. The first dark pattern DF1 corresponds to the bent portion 330B of the electrode, and extends in a direction of the first dark pattern DF1 (eg, a direction substantially parallel to the X direction, indicated on the XY-plane of FIG. 3B ). D _DF1 ) is substantially parallel to the scan line. The second dark pattern DF2 corresponds to the extension portion 330E of the electrode, and the extension direction of the second dark pattern DF2 (eg, the direction D _DF2 shown on the XY-plane of FIG. 3B , the angle θ _DF is the direction D included between _DF2 and the X axis) is substantially parallel to the extension portion 330E of the electrode.

In addition, in addition to generating a first dark pattern DF1 (that is, a dark fringe extending along a direction (X direction) parallel to the scan line) and a second dark pattern DF2 when light passes through the pixel area, , the width of the first dark pattern DF1 varies according to the change of different gray levels. The higher the gray level, the thinner the first dark pattern DF1 is. 4 illustrates a width of a first dark pattern that varies according to a gray level in a display panel according to an exemplary embodiment. A display panel capable of representing gray levels from 0 (black) to 255 (white) (total gray levels are 256 gray levels) is exemplified for the sake of explanation. Comparing the widths at the maximum gray level 255 and the middle gray level 128 of the display panel, the result is the width of the first dark pattern DF1 at the middle gray level 128 (eg, in FIG. 4 ). 4 units) represents 2.6 times the width (eg, 1.54 units in FIG. 4 ) of the first dark pattern DF1 at the maximum gray level 255 . According to the present disclosure, the relationship between width, viewing angle uniformity parameter and viewing angle maintenance rate is investigated and studied. By adjusting the ratio of the widths of the first dark patterns DF1 at different gray levels, the display panel of the embodiment possesses a better stable maintenance rate of light fluctuations with varying viewing angles at different gray levels (i.e., herein referred to as "stable viewing angle"). may be simply referred to as "maintenance rate"), and also reduces the impact of variations in the manufacturing process.

According to the present disclosure, the viewing angle uniformity parameter of the display panel is defined by:

(광 방출과 수평 축, 즉 X 축 사이의 각도)=90에서의 광도를 θ=60 및

=0에서의 광도로 나눔. 통상적으로, 광도는 단위 면적당 각도 θ 및

에 대응하는 광출력을 의미한다. 따라서, 디스플레이 패널의 시야각 균일도 파라미터는 아래와 같이 수학식 (1)에 의해 표현될 수 있다:θ (angle between the luminous emittance and the Z axis, the Z axis is perpendicular to the X and Y axes) = 60 and

(the angle between the light emission and the horizontal axis, i.e. the X axis) = 90 as θ = 60 and

Divide by the luminance at =0. Typically, the luminous intensity is an angle θ per unit area and

represents the light output corresponding to Therefore, the viewing angle uniformity parameter of the display panel can be expressed by Equation (1) as follows:

...(1)

...(One)

The viewing angle maintenance rate of the display panel can be defined as:

Viewing angle uniformity parameter at medium gray level/Viewing angle uniformity parameter at maximum gray level

The middle gray level and the maximum gray level are determined according to the gray scale of the display panel in the application. Typically, the middle gray level is half the full gray level. For example, in the case of a display panel capable of representing gray levels from 0 (black) to 63 (white), the maximum gray level is 63, the total gray level is 64 gray levels, and the intermediate gray level is 32. For a display panel capable of representing gray levels from 0 (black) to 255 (white), the maximum gray level is 255, the total gray level is 256 gray levels, and the intermediate gray level is 128. For a display panel capable of representing a gray level of 0 (black) to 1023 (white), the maximum gray level is 1023, the total gray level is 1024 gray levels, and the intermediate gray level is 512.

Therefore, the viewing angle maintenance rate of the implemented display panel having a gray level of 0 (black) to 255 (white) can be expressed by Equation (2) as follows:

Viewing Angle Uniformity Parameter at 128 Gray Levels/Viewing Angle Uniformity at 255 Gray Levels...(2)

FIG. 5 shows a viewing angle uniformity parameter of a medium gray level, a viewing angle uniformity parameter of a maximum gray level, and a viewing angle maintenance rate, each varying according to a width ratio of the first dark pattern DF1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The ratio of the widths of the first dark patterns DF1 is the width of the first dark patterns DF1 at the middle gray level (eg 128) to the first dark pattern DF1 at the maximum gray level (eg 255). is defined by dividing by the breadth of In addition, the left Y-axis of FIG. 5 represents the viewing angle uniformity parameter at the middle gray level and the viewing angle uniformity parameter at the maximum gray level. The right Y-axis in Fig. 5 represents the viewing angle maintenance rate (ie, viewing angle uniformity parameter at the middle gray level divided by the viewing angle uniformity parameter at the maximum gray level). As shown in FIG. 5 , the result shows a problem that the viewing angle maintenance rate changes remarkably when the ratio of the widths of the first dark patterns DF1 is smaller than 2.1. When the ratio of the width of the first dark pattern DF1 is greater than 2.1, such as in the range of about 2.1 to about 3.0, the viewing angle maintenance rate shows a stable result and will not be easily affected by variations in the manufacturing process. It is known that the aperture ratio of a pixel decreases as the width ratio of the first dark pattern DF1 increases. Therefore, the upper limit must be set according to the aperture ratio of pixels in actual applications. For example, when it is found that the width ratio of the first dark pattern DF1 is greater than 3.0 and the aperture ratio of the pixels is unacceptable because the width is too wide, a value of “3.0” indicates the width of the first dark pattern DF1. can be chosen as the upper limit of the ratio of

Also, human eyes are most sensitive to green color. It is assumed that the display panel has a color filter layer and RGB subpixels are used. Since the human eye is most sensitive to green color and the green sub-pixel has the greatest influence on the pixel transmittance, it is desirable that the transmittance of the green sub-pixel can be increased in actual design. The width of the first dark pattern DF1 affects transmittance. The narrower the width of the first dark pattern DF1 is, the higher the front-view transmittance is. 6 illustrates widths of the first dark patterns DF1 varied according to gray levels in R, G, and B subpixels of different colors of the display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. According to the design concept of the embodiment, the maximum luminance of the green sub-pixel can be obtained by increasing the transmittance of the green sub-pixel by reducing the width of the first dark pattern DF1 at the maximum gray level. In one embodiment, when light passes through the pixel area, a dark pattern including the first dark pattern DF1 shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B is generated. When the pixel area PX is a green subpixel area, the first dark pattern (eg, DF1) has a first green width at the maximum gray level. When the pixel area PX is a red subpixel area, the first dark pattern (eg, DF1) has a first red width at the maximum gray level. When the pixel area PX is a blue sub-pixel area, the first dark pattern (eg, DF1) has a first blue width at the maximum gray level. The first green width is smaller than the first red width and the first green width is also designed to be smaller than the first blue width.

For purposes of explanation, a first width (of a first gray level; eg of a first dark pattern at an intermediate gray level) relative to a second width (of a second gray level; eg of a first dark pattern at a maximum gray level) Three different ways to achieve the realized ratio of (eg, 2.1 to 3.0) are described below. However, the present disclosure is not limited to these details, and other technical schemes capable of achieving the ratio of the first width to the second width of an embodiment are also applicable.

<The ratio of the widths of the first dark patterns controlled by adjusting the exposure method to the light alignment layer>

An embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied to a display panel having a photo alignment (PA) layer. For example, a photo alignment layer, such as a polyimide (PI) alignment layer, is disposed over the first conductive layer 131 and the second conductive layer 132, respectively, and then the liquid crystal (LC) molecules Irradiate with UV light to create alignment directions. In an embodiment, one of the applicable technical ways for controlling the ratio of the width of the first dark pattern at the middle gray level to the width of the first dark pattern at the maximum gray level is an exposure method to the photo alignment layer. is an adjustment of , whereby an appropriate width ratio (i.e., the width of the first dark pattern at the intermediate gray level (eg 128) to the width of the first dark pattern at the maximum gray level (eg 255)), For example, a width ratio of 2.1 or greater (eg, in the range of about 2.1 to about 3.0) is achieved. Therefore, the viewing angle maintenance rate is relatively stable, reducing the influence of fluctuations in the manufacturing process.

7 illustrates several patterns of LC molecules in the pixel area resulting from different alignment directions, thereby obtaining a higher ratio, a middle ratio and a lower ratio of the width of the first dark pattern in the pixel area. In FIG. 7 , pattern (A) represents three different alignments of LC molecules in the pixel area to which no voltage (I), low voltage (II) and high voltage (III) are applied, respectively, and the first A higher ratio of the width of the dark pattern can be obtained. Pattern (B) represents three different alignments of LC molecules in the pixel area where no voltage (I), low voltage (II) and high voltage (III) are applied, respectively, and the width of the first dark pattern in the pixel area The middle ratio of can be obtained. Pattern (C) represents three different alignments of LC molecules in the pixel area where no voltage (I), low voltage (II) and high voltage (III) are applied, respectively, the width of the first dark pattern in the pixel area A lower ratio of can be obtained. In other words, the patterns in the first column (I) of FIG. 7 represent the alignment of LC molecules in the pixel region where no voltage is applied, and the patterns in the second column (II) in FIG. 7 represent the pixel region where low voltage is applied. represents the alignment of the LC molecules in the pixel area represents an intermediate gray level (eg 128). In addition, the patterns of the third column (III) of FIG. 7 represent alignment of LC molecules in a pixel region to which a high voltage is applied, and the pixel region represents a maximum gray level (eg, 255).

In FIG. 7, an electrode pattern in a single pixel area is simply shown, and other components are omitted. In a single pixel area, the electrode includes two extension portions 330E and one bend portion 330B, and the bend portion 330B is positioned between the two extension portions 330E and the two extension portions 330E. connect The extending direction of the extending portion 330E, indicated as the direction D _DL on the XY plane, is substantially parallel to the extending direction of the data line DL. Also, arrows in the pixel area indicate the alignment of LC molecules in the corresponding area.

According to the adjustment of the alignment direction as illustrated in Fig. 7, different dark patterns corresponding to the alignment of the LC molecules can be generated, as shown in Fig. 8. See Figures 7 and 8. 8 illustrates several dark patterns having different ratios of widths in corresponding pixel areas, a first width W1 at an intermediate gray level (ie, first gray level) such as 128 of the first dark pattern and A second width W2 at a maximum gray level equal to 255 (ie, a second gray level) is also marked for each pattern. An extension direction of the first dark pattern, indicated as direction D _DF1 (parallel to the X direction) on the XY plane, is substantially parallel to the extension direction of the scan line DL. 8, pattern (1) has a ratio of widths of 3.4 (i.e., a first width divided by a second width, W1/W2), pattern (2) has a ratio of widths of 2.6, and pattern (3) has a width ratio of 2.13, pattern (4) has a width ratio of 1.9, and pattern (5) has a width ratio of 1.8.

(즉, 프리(pre)-

의 방위각)가 LC 분자들과 스캔 라인(SL) 사이에 생성되도록, UV 노출 후에 광 정렬 층의 정렬 방향에 응답하여, 전극의 휨 부분(330B)에 대응하는 영역에서의 LC 분자들이 예비회전(pre-rotated)(예: XY 평면 상에서) 되도록 설계될 수 있다. 따라서, 전압없음이 픽셀 전극에 적용될 때, 도 7의 패턴 (A)-(I)에 도시된 바와 같이, 휨 부분(330B)에 대응하는 영역에서의 LC 분자들은 내전(adduction)의 정렬을 나타내고(예: 휨 부분(330B)의 중심을 향해 정렬됨), 연장 부분(330E)에 대응하는 영역에서의 LC 분자들은 스캔 라인(SL)에 평행하게 정렬된다. 중간 그레이 레벨(예: 128)에 관련된 값에 도달하기 위해 적용되는 낮은 전압과 같이, 픽셀 전극에 적용되는 전압이 증가될 때, 도 7의 패턴(A)-(II)(낮은 전압 적용)에 도시된 바와 같이, 전극의 휨 부분(330B)에 대응하는 영역에서의 LC 분자들은 바깥쪽으로 회전한다. 픽셀 전극에 적용된 전압이 최대 그레이 레벨(예: 255)에 관련된 값에 도달할 때(도 7의 패턴 (A)-(III)), 전극의 휨 부분(330B) 및 연장 부분(330E)에 대응하는 영역에서의 LC 분자들은 전기장의 등전위 라인을 따라 정렬될 수 있다. 따라서, 포토 정렬 층에의 노출 방법을 조정함으로써 중간 그레이 레벨 및 최대 그레이 레벨(W1 및 W2)에서의 폭이 획득될 수 있으며, 그리하여 그의 폭의 비(W1/W2)를 제어할 수 있다. See pattern (A) including (I), (II) and (III) of FIG. 7 (e.g., negative type liquid crystal is adopted in the display panel) and pattern (1) or pattern (2) of FIG. 8. If it is desirable to obtain a higher ratio of widths (W1/W2), such as 3.4 or 2.6 or other high values, the angle as shown in pattern (A)-(I) of FIG.

(i.e. pre-

In response to the alignment direction of the light alignment layer after UV exposure, the LC molecules in the region corresponding to the bent portion 330B of the electrode are pre-rotated ( It can be designed to be pre-rotated (eg on the XY plane). Therefore, when no voltage is applied to the pixel electrode, the LC molecules in the region corresponding to the bending portion 330B exhibit an alignment of adduction, as shown in patterns (A)-(I) in FIG. 7 . (eg, aligned toward the center of the bending portion 330B), LC molecules in a region corresponding to the extending portion 330E are aligned parallel to the scan line SL. When the voltage applied to the pixel electrode is increased, such as the lower voltage applied to reach a value related to the intermediate gray level (e.g. 128), patterns (A)-(II) of Fig. 7 (low voltage applied) As shown, the LC molecules in the region corresponding to the bent portion 330B of the electrode rotate outward. When the voltage applied to the pixel electrode reaches a value related to the maximum gray level (e.g., 255) (patterns (A)-(III) in FIG. 7), corresponding to the bent portion 330B and the extended portion 330E of the electrode LC molecules in the region can align along the equipotential lines of the electric field. Accordingly, the widths at the intermediate gray level and the maximum gray levels (W1 and W2) can be obtained by adjusting the exposure method to the photo alignment layer, and thus the ratio (W1/W2) of their widths can be controlled.

Similarly, if it is desired to obtain an intermediate ratio of widths (W1/W2), such as 2.13 or 1.9, or other intermediate values, to exhibit an alignment as shown in patterns (B)-(I) of FIG. 7, It is designed to align LC molecules in regions corresponding to the bent portion 330B and the extended portion 330E of the electrode in response to the alignment direction of the photo alignment layer after UV exposure. When low and high voltages are applied to the pixel electrodes, respectively, the LC molecules exhibit an alignment as shown in patterns (B)-(II) and (B)-(III) of FIG. 7 . After UV exposure, the LC molecules in the region corresponding to the bending portion 330B, which is aligned in response to the alignment direction of the photo alignment layer, may align outward as shown in patterns (C)-(I) of FIG. 7 . If there is, you will get a lower width ratio (W1/W2), such as 1.8 or any other value lower than 1.8.

(프리-

)를 나타내도록 예비회전되고, 그 후에 폭의 비(W1/W2)가 획득될 수 있다. 예를 들어, 각도

가 휨 부분(330B)의 중심을 향해 5도이고 다크 패턴이 도 8-(1)로서 나타나는 경우, 폭의 비(W1/W2)는 3.4이다. 각도

가 휨 부분(330B)의 중심을 향해 0.5도이고 다크 패턴이 도 8-(2)로서 나타나는 경우, 폭의 비(W1/W2)는 2.6이다. 각도

가 바깥쪽으로 20도이고 다크 패턴이 도 8-(3)으로서 나타나는 경우, 폭의 비(W1/W2)는 2/13이다. 각도

가 바깥쪽으로 40도이고 다크 패턴이 도 8-(4)로서 나타나는 경우, 폭의 비(W1/W2)는 1.9이다. 각도

가 바깥쪽으로 60도이고 다크 패턴이 도 8-(5)로서 나타나는 경우, 폭의 비(W1/W2)는 1.8이다. In one embodiment, after generating the alignment direction of the photo alignment layer after UV exposure, as shown in FIG. 7 , LC molecules in a region corresponding to the bent portion 330B of the electrode form a scan line SL. Angle

(free-

), and then the ratio of widths (W1/W2) can be obtained. For example, angle

When is 5 degrees toward the center of the bending portion 330B and the dark pattern appears as Fig. 8-(1), the width ratio (W1/W2) is 3.4. Angle

When is 0.5 degrees toward the center of the bending portion 330B and the dark pattern appears as Fig. 8-(2), the width ratio (W1/W2) is 2.6. Angle

When is 20 degrees outward and the dark pattern appears as Fig. 8-(3), the ratio of widths (W1/W2) is 2/13. Angle

When is 40 degrees outward and the dark pattern appears as Fig. 8-(4), the width ratio (W1/W2) is 1.9. Angle

When is 60 degrees outward and the dark pattern appears as Fig. 8-(5), the width ratio (W1/W2) is 1.8.

In addition, the dark pattern occupancy percentage of each dark pattern is shown in FIG. 8, and the dark pattern occupancy percentage is determined by checking the dark fringe at an intermediate gray level (i.e., the first gray level) such as 128 occupied in the pixel area . The dark pattern occupancy percentage is defined by: the width W1 of the first dark pattern along the Y direction/the total length L of the pixel area (ie, W1/L). In Fig. 8-(1), the dark pattern occupancy percentage at an intermediate gray level such as 128 is about 15.4%. In Fig. 8-(2), the dark pattern occupancy percentage at an intermediate gray level such as 128 is about 11.7%. In Fig. 8-(3), the dark pattern occupancy percentage at an intermediate gray level such as 128 is about 11.0%. In Fig. 8-(4), the dark pattern occupancy percentage at an intermediate gray level such as 128 is about 9.5%. In Fig. 8-(5), the dark pattern occupancy percentage at an intermediate gray level such as 128 is about 8.8%. The higher the dark pattern occupancy percentage, the lower the aperture ratio of the pixel. The upper limit of the width ratio (W1/W2) should be determined according to the requirements of the pixel aperture ratio in actual applications. For example, if the width ratio (W1/W2) is greater than 3.0 and the dark pattern occupancy percentage at intermediate gray levels is found to be too large to be acceptable (e.g., the width ratio (W1/W2) is 3.4, the dark pattern occupancy percentage is 15% or more), the width of the first dark pattern will be too wide to be acceptable because the aperture ratio of the pixels will be too low. Therefore, a suitable range of width ratios (W1/W2) must be determined to meet the requirements of actual applications. In one embodiment, to obtain more stable viewing angle maintenance (or to reduce the impact of variations in the manufacturing process), as well as to meet the aperture ratio requirements of actual products, such as in the range of about 2.1 to about 3.0. A suitable range of width ratios (W1/W2) (ie the width at the middle gray level (eg 128) divided by the width at the maximum gray level (eg 255)) can be selected.

<The ratio of the widths of the first dark patterns controlled by modifying the shape of the pixel electrode>

According to the embodiment, one of the applicable technical ways is to change the shape of the pixel electrode to control the width of the first dark pattern at the middle and maximum gray levels respectively, thereby achieving stable viewing angle maintenance. A ratio of a suitable width such as 2.1 or greater (eg about 2.1 to about 3.0) (i.e. the first dark pattern at the intermediate gray level (eg 128) divided by the width of the first dark pattern at the maximum gray level (eg 255)) width of 1 dark pattern), and the influence of variations in the manufacturing process can be reduced. In another embodiment, to control the ratio of the width of the first dark pattern at the intermediate gray level to the width of the first dark pattern at the maximum gray level, similar to a pixel electrode pattern having an extension portion and a bent portion. , the slit pattern on the common electrode in the pixel area may be changed.

9 illustrates several patterns of alignment of LC molecules in the pixel area in response to the shape of the pixel electrode, thereby obtaining a higher ratio and a lower ratio of widths of the first dark pattern in the pixel area. In FIG. 9, pattern (A) represents three different alignments of LC molecules in the pixel area to which no voltage (I), low voltage (II) and high voltage (III) are applied, respectively, and the first A higher ratio of the width of the dark pattern may be obtained (eg 2.86, or other higher value). Pattern (B) represents three different alignments of LC molecules in the pixel area where no voltage (I), low voltage (II) and high voltage (III) are applied, respectively, the width of the first dark pattern in the pixel area A lower ratio of (eg 2.26, or other lower value) may be obtained. Likewise, arrows in pixel areas indicate the alignment of LC molecules in the corresponding areas. In pattern (A) of FIG. 9 (ie, having a higher ratio of the widths of the first dark pattern), the electrode includes two extending portions 330E and one bending portion 330B, and the extending portion 330E ) is substantially parallel to the extension direction of the data line DL, but the shape of the bend portion 330B is modified to have both sides perpendicular to the extension direction of the scan line SL (ie, bend portion 330B). ) side is parallel to the Y direction). See pattern (A) including (I), (II) and (III) of FIG. 9 and pattern (1) of FIG. 10 . If it is desirable to obtain a higher ratio (W1/W2) of the width of the first dark pattern (e.g., 2.86, or other higher value), the shape of the bending portion 330B is as shown in Fig. 9-(A). can be changed together. When no voltage is applied to the pixel electrode, the LC molecules align in response to the alignment force, and as shown in patterns (A)-(I) of FIG. ) represents alignment parallel to the scan line SL in the region corresponding to . When the voltage applied to the pixel electrode is increased, such as a low voltage applied to reach a value related to the intermediate gray level (e.g. 128), patterns (A)-(II) of Fig. 9 (low voltage applied) As shown, the LC molecules in the region corresponding to the bent portion 330B of the electrode rotate outward. When the voltage applied to the pixel electrode reaches a value related to the maximum gray level (e.g., 255) (patterns (A)-(III) in FIG. 9), the bending portion 330B and the extending portion 330E of the electrode LC molecules in the corresponding region can be aligned along the equipotential lines of the electric field. Therefore, the width of the first dark pattern at the intermediate gray level and the maximum gray level (W1 and W2) can be obtained by adopting a special shape of the pixel electrode, and thus the ratio (W1/W2) of its width can be controlled. there is.

In addition, when it is desirable to achieve a lower ratio of widths (W1/W2), as shown in pattern (B) in Fig. 9, the shape of the pixel electrode is also bent from one side of the extending portion 330E. It can be changed by protruding the side of portion 330B but maintaining the design of extension portion 330E (ie, extension portion 330E is substantially parallel to the extension direction of data line DL). In pattern (B) of FIG. 9 , angle αB of bend portion 330B is shown to be smaller than angle αE of extension portion 330E. See pattern (B) including (I), (II) and (III) of FIG. 9 and pattern (2) of FIG. 10 . If it is desired to obtain a lower ratio of widths (W1/W2), such as 2.26 or some other lower value, the shape of the bend portion 330B may be changed as shown in FIG. 9-(B). When no voltage is applied to the pixel electrode, the LC molecules align in response to the alignment force, and as shown in patterns (B)-(I) of FIG. ) represents alignment parallel to the scan line SL in the region corresponding to . When the voltage applied to the pixel electrode is increased, such as a low voltage applied to reach a value related to the intermediate gray level (e.g. 128), patterns (B)-(II) of Fig. 9 (low voltage applied) As shown, the LC molecules in the region corresponding to the bent portion 330B of the electrode rotate outward. When the voltage applied to the pixel electrode reaches a value related to the maximum gray level (eg, 255) (patterns (B)-(III) in FIG. 9), LC in the region corresponding to the extension portion 330E of the electrode Molecules can align along equipotential lines of the electric field. In the pattern (B)-(III) of FIG. 9, the LC molecules in the region corresponding to the bending portion 330B rotate outward more than shown in the pattern (B)-(II) of FIG. 9, but they extend It is not aligned the way the LC molecules in the region corresponding to portion 330E do (thus, the width W2 at the maximum gray level in FIG. 10-(2) is smaller than that in FIG. 10-(1)). somewhat larger). Therefore, the widths W1 and W2 at the intermediate gray level and the maximum gray level can be obtained by adopting a special shape of the pixel electrode, whereby the ratio of the widths (W1/W2) can be controlled, resulting in a stable viewing angle. Maintenance can be achieved (or will reduce the impact of variations in the manufacturing process).

According to the modification of the pixel electrode as illustrated in Fig. 9, different dark patterns corresponding to the alignment of the LC molecules can be generated, as shown in Fig. 10. See Figures 9 and 10. 10 illustrates two dark patterns having different width ratios in corresponding pixel areas, the first width W1 at an intermediate gray level equal to 128 (i.e., the first gray level) of the first dark pattern. and a second width W2 at a maximum gray level equal to 255 (i.e., a second gray level) is also indicated in each pattern. An extension direction of the first dark pattern, indicated as direction D _DF1 (parallel to the X direction) on the XY plane, is substantially parallel to the extension direction of the scan line SL. In Fig. 10, pattern (1) has a width ratio (W1/W2) of 2.86, and pattern (2) has a width ratio (W1/W2) of 2.26.

<The ratio of the widths of the first dark patterns controlled by the modulus of elasticity of the liquid crystal>

Liquid crystal molecules can be regarded as an elastic medium that can be deformed even by a small external force, such as a force in an electric field, a magnetic field, or the like. The deformation of liquid crystal molecules can be described for three basic types of deformation: splay, twist and bend, and the elastic moduli corresponding to these deformations are K11, K22, and K33, respectively. . Referring to FIGS. 11A, 11B and 11C respectively illustrating the deformation of the splay, twist and bend types of liquid crystal molecules. In an embodiment, one of the applicable technical ways is the adoption of liquid crystal molecules having different moduli of elasticity to control the width of the first dark pattern at the intermediate and maximum gray levels, respectively, whereby, as described above, 2.1 or more. A suitable ratio of widths of the first dark pattern such as (eg, about 2.1 to about 3.0) is obtained. Therefore, stable viewing angle maintenance can be achieved and will not be easily affected by fluctuations in the manufacturing process.

12 illustrates two dark patterns having different width ratios of the first dark pattern in corresponding pixel areas, the first of the first dark pattern at an intermediate gray level such as 128 (ie, the first gray level). A width W1 and a second width W2 of the first dark pattern at the maximum gray level equal to 255 (ie, the second gray level) are also indicated in each pattern. An extension direction of the first dark pattern, indicated as direction D _DF1 (parallel to the X direction) on the XY plane, is substantially parallel to the extension direction of the scan line SL. In FIG. 12, pattern (1) has a larger width ratio (ie, a first width divided by a second width, W1/W2) of 2.93 by adopting liquid crystal molecules having a lower splay elastic modulus (K11). . In Fig. 12, pattern (2) has a lower width ratio (W1/W2) of 2.42 by employing liquid crystal molecules having a higher splay elastic modulus (K11).

In one embodiment, the liquid crystal molecules (or liquid crystal material) of the liquid crystal layer have a splay elastic modulus (K11) in the range of 10 to 20. In one embodiment, the liquid crystal molecules (or liquid crystal material) of the liquid crystal layer have a bend modulus (K33) of 10 to 25. According to embodiments, suitable width ratios (W1/W2) such as in the range of about 2.1 to about 3.0 may be obtained. Therefore, stable viewing angle maintenance can be achieved and will not be easily affected by fluctuations in the manufacturing process.

를 조정함으로써), 또는 전극의 형상을 변경함으로써, 또는 (스플레이 탄성 계수(K11) 또는 벤드 탄성 계수(K33)와 같은) 적합한 탄성 계수를 갖는 LC 분자들을 채택함으로써, 중간 그레이 레벨에서의 폭 및 최대 그레이 레벨에서의 폭이 획득될 수 있고, 그리하여 그의 폭의 비(W1/W2)를 범위(예컨대, 약 2.1 내지 약 3.0의 범위) 내에 있도록 제어할 수 있다. 이 범위의 비(즉, W1/W2)에서, 안정적인 시야각 유지보수가 달성될 수 있고, 제조 프로세스의 변동에 의해 쉽게 영향받지 않을 것이다. 중간 그레이 레벨에서의 제1 다크 패턴의 폭 및 최대 그레이 레벨에서의 제1 다크 패턴의 폭을 제어함으로써 그의 적합한 비(즉, W1/W2)를 달성할 수 있는 한, 다른 적용가능한 기술적 방식들이 실시예에 채용될 수 있다는 것을 유의하여야 한다. According to the above description, by adjusting the exposure method to the photo alignment layer (ie, the angle between the LC molecules corresponding to the bending portion 330B and the scan line SL)

), or by changing the shape of the electrode, or by adopting LC molecules with a suitable elastic modulus (such as the splay modulus (K11) or the bend modulus (K33)), the width and maximum The width at the gray level can be obtained, and thus the ratio of its width (W1/W2) can be controlled to be within a range (eg, a range of about 2.1 to about 3.0). In this range of ratios (i.e., W1/W2), stable viewing angle maintenance can be achieved and will not be easily affected by variations in the manufacturing process. As long as a suitable ratio (i.e., W1/W2) can be achieved by controlling the width of the first dark pattern at the intermediate gray level and the width of the first dark pattern at the maximum gray level, other applicable technical schemes are implemented. It should be noted that examples can be employed.

Also, the width of the first dark pattern of the embodiment may be determined according to the following procedure. See Fig. 12-(1). A measurement of the first dark pattern at an intermediate gray level (first gray level) equal to 128 is performed. The portion of the first dark pattern that spans the distance d between point "a" and point "b" is captured by the image capture software and stored as a gray scale image. 13 which shows a gray scale curve corresponding to the interval d in FIG. 12-(1). Assume that the largest gray level corresponding to interval d is 100 and the smallest corresponding to interval d is 50. Then, the width of the first dark pattern may be determined as a width corresponding to a full width at half maximum (FWHM) value, that is, 75. Accordingly, the first width W1 of the first dark pattern as shown in FIG. 12-(1) may be determined. This approach is suitable for determining the full breadth of an embodiment. Also, in one embodiment, the measurement of the first dark pattern may be performed using a 10X Olympus eyepiece and a 50X Olympus objective lens. Also, the light source is provided by a rear light module, and a charge-coupled device (CCD, model: Motic Moticam 2300) may be employed.

According to the display panel of the embodiment, the width of the first dark pattern at an intermediate gray level and the width of the first dark pattern at a maximum gray level may be modified in a suitable range, such as a range of about 2.1 to about 3.0. In this range of ratios (i.e., W1/W2), better stable viewing angle maintenance can be achieved, and the influence of fluctuations in the manufacturing process can be reduced. Further, the display panels of the embodiments still possess high aperture ratios to meet the requirements of products in applications. Therefore, the production yield of the display panel manufactured by the design of the embodiment is increased, and as a result, reliable and stable display quality of the implemented display panel is obtained.

It should be noted that the structure as described above is provided for illustrative purposes. The present disclosure is not limited to the configuration and any details disclosed above, and the illustrated structure and arrangement can be adjusted and changed based on the actual needs of actual applications. For example, the pattern of the first and second conductive layers (including the number of slits, the width of the slits, the width of the electrode branches, etc.), or the angle between the data line and the scan line, or the slits with curved end portions. ... and the like are applicable to the embodiments of the present disclosure. Also, an LCD panel having an upper pixel electrode configuration or an LCD panel having an upper common electrode configuration may be applied according to the present disclosure. In addition, liquid crystal alignment can be achieved by photo alignment or rubbing alignment, and the present disclosure does not make any specific limitations thereto. In one embodiment, the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer may have a pre-tilted angle in the range of 0 to 4 degrees (eg, in applications using photo alignment, the pre-tilted angle may be 0 degrees). may be, and the pretilted angle may be 2 degrees in applications using rubbing alignment). Also, a positive-type liquid crystal or a negative-type liquid crystal may be employed in the display panel of the embodiment. It is understood that the exemplified structures and details can be adjusted and changed based on the actual needs of actual applications.

Although the present invention has been described with respect to preferred embodiments by way of example, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited thereto. On the contrary, it is intended to cover various modifications and similar arrangements and procedures, and accordingly the scope of the appended claims is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and similar arrangements and procedures.

Claims (16)

In the display panel,
As a first substrate,
scan lines disposed on the first substrate;
data lines disposed on the first substrate and crossing the scan lines to define pixel areas;
wherein at least one of the pixel areas includes an electrode having two extending parts and one bending part, and the extending parts extend in the extension direction of the data lines. the first substrate being substantially parallel, wherein the bend portion is positioned between the two extension portions and connects the two extension portions;
a second substrate facing the first substrate; and
A liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate;
When light passes through the pixel area among the pixel areas, a dark pattern including a first dark pattern and a plurality of second dark patterns is generated in the pixel area among the pixel areas, and the first dark pattern is applied to the electrode. corresponds to a bent portion of , an extension direction of the first dark pattern is substantially parallel to an extension direction of the scan line, and the second dark patterns correspond to extension portions of the electrode;
The first dark pattern has a first width at a first gray level and a second width at a second gray level, and a ratio of the first width to the second width ranges from 2.1 to 3.0. , wherein the second gray level is a maximum gray level of the display panel, and the first gray level is 1/2 of the entire gray level. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first dark pattern has a first green width at the second gray level while the pixel area of the pixel areas is a green sub-pixel area, and the first dark pattern comprises pixel areas wherein the pixel area of H has a first red width at the second gray level while being a red sub-pixel area, and wherein the first green width is smaller than the first red width. The method according to claim 2, wherein the first dark pattern has a first blue width in the second gray level while the pixel area among the pixel areas is a blue sub-pixel area, and the first green width is the first blue sub-pixel area. A display panel that is smaller than the width. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the second dark patterns have extension directions substantially parallel to extension portions of the electrode. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the second gray level is the maximum gray level of the display panel, and the first gray level is a medium gray level of the display panel. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal material of the liquid crystal layer has a splay elastic modulus (K11) in the range of 10 to 20. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal material of the liquid crystal layer has a bend modulus of elasticity (K33) in the range of 10 to 25. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer have a pre-tilt angle ranging from 0 to 4 degrees. The display panel according to claim 1 , wherein an angle between the two extension parts of the electrode and the scan line ranges from 80 degrees to 87 degrees. The method according to claim 1, wherein the electrode includes a plurality of electrode branches and a plurality of slits, each of the plurality of slits is located between the plurality of electrode branches, each of the plurality of electrode branches is bent portion and A display panel comprising two extension portions, wherein the bent portion is positioned between the two extension portions and connects the two extension portions. The display panel according to claim 10, wherein each of the slits has a width ranging from 1.5 μm to 4 μm. The display panel according to claim 10, wherein each of the plurality of electrode branches has a width ranging from 1.5 μm to 4 μm. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pixel region of the pixel regions, a thin film transistor (TFT; thin film transistor), a first conductive layer on the thin film transistor, an insulating layer disposed between the thin film transistor and the first conductive layer, and a second conductive layer on the first conductive layer, wherein the electrode is one of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, and is electrically connected to the thin film transistor. The display panel according to claim 13, wherein the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are spaced apart at intervals ranging from 50 nm to 700 nm. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the insulating layer between the thin film transistor and the first conductive layer is an organic insulating layer, and the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are spaced at intervals ranging from 300 nm to 700 nm. , display panel. The method according to claim 13, wherein the insulating layer between the thin film transistor and the first conductive layer is an inorganic insulating layer, and the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are spaced apart at intervals ranging from 50 nm to 300 nm , display panel.

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