KR102468313B1 - A method for self-organizination networking (son) in internet of things (iot) and an apparatus performing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed are a self-organizing networking method and an apparatus for performing the same in an Internet of Things (IoT) environment. According to an embodiment, a self-organizing networking method in an IoT environment includes the steps of: receiving neighbor device information from one or more neighboring IoT devices of an IoT device; updating device information of an IoT device based on the neighbor device information; determining whether the IoT device is a coordinator candidate based on at least one of a number of network interfaces included in device information, a number of neighboring links connected to the network interfaces, and a ratio of residual energy; is a candidate for a coordinator that serves as a gateway of the network.

Description

Method for self-organizing networking in Internet of Things environment and device for performing the same

The following embodiments relate to a method for configuring and discovering a network between terminals for self-organizing networking composed of heterogeneous terminals in the field of low-power networking of the Internet of Things, and an apparatus for performing the same.

In the IoT environment, network configuration and conditions (eg, network deployment, network size, the number of network devices, connectivity, multi- Multi-hop communication, traffic pattern, security level, mobility, and quality of service (QoS) may be different from conventional networks. For example, an infrastructure-unsupported IoT area network is independent of pre-existing infrastructure networks.

Self-organization networking (SON) in IoT refers to a communication process that includes network protocols between heterogeneous networked devices. The existing process for conventional networks does not fully support or consider the characteristics of heterogeneous network devices in an infrastructure-unsupported IoT area network. In other words, you need a SON for IoT.

Embodiments can provide a communication terminal search and network configuration method capable of connecting heterogeneous terminals in order to solve the problem of self-organizing networking, which has conventionally considered only homogeneous communication technologies.

According to an embodiment, a self-organizing networking method in an IoT environment includes the steps of: receiving neighbor device information from one or more neighboring IoT devices of an IoT device; updating device information of an IoT device based on the neighbor device information; determining whether the IoT device is a coordinator candidate based on at least one of a number of network interfaces included in device information, a number of neighboring links connected to the network interfaces, and a ratio of residual energy; is a candidate for a coordinator that serves as a gateway of the network.

The number of network interfaces, the number of neighboring links connected to the network interfaces, and the ratio of the residual energy may be sequentially considered.

The determining may include determining the IoT device as the coordinator candidate when the number of network interfaces is 2 or more, and determining the IoT device as the coordinator candidate when the number of links connected to the network interface is 2 or more; , determining the IoT device as the coordinator candidate when the ratio of the remaining energy is greater than the energy threshold.

The determining step may be performed per the network interface.

The method may further include updating bit information for determining whether the device information includes a coordinator candidate based on a result of the determination.

The method may further include determining a coordinator from among a plurality of neighboring IoT devices that are coordinator candidates and transmit their own device information based on network characteristics.

The network characteristics may include at least one of energy, network coverage, and network speed.

The step of determining the coordinator may include, when energy-centric networking is required, a device having the largest residual energy ratio or a rate of energy consumption among the plurality of neighboring IoT devices. consuming energy for a certain time) determining a device having the smallest value as the coordinator, and if broadband networking is required, a device having the widest network interface range among the plurality of neighboring IoT devices is selected as the coordinator. and determining, as the coordinator, a device having the highest data transmission rate among the plurality of neighboring IoT devices when networking requiring communication speed and performance is required.

The energy-centric networking, the broadband networking, and the communication speed and performance may be sequentially considered in order of networking.

Determining the coordinator may be performed for each network interface.

An IoT device for self-organizing networking according to an embodiment includes one or more network interfaces and a processor for executing instructions for configuring a network with one or more neighboring IoT devices through the network interface, and when the instructions are executed , The processor receives neighbor device information from one or more neighboring IoT devices of the IoT device, updates device information of the IoT device based on the neighbor device information, and includes the number of network interfaces included in the device information, the network interface Determines whether the IoT device is a coordinator candidate based on at least one of the number of neighboring links connected to and a ratio of residual energy, and the coordinator candidate is a coordinator candidate serving as a gateway of the network.

The processor may sequentially consider the number of network interfaces, the number of neighboring links connected to the network interfaces, and the ratio of the residual energy in order.

The processor determines the IoT device as the coordinator candidate when the number of network interfaces is 2 or more, determines the IoT device as the coordinator candidate when the number of links connected to the network interface is 2 or more, and determines the residual energy ratio. If the energy is greater than the threshold, the IoT device may be determined as the coordinator candidate.

The processor may determine whether the IoT device is a coordinator candidate for each network interface.

The processor may update bit information for determining whether a coordinator candidate included in the device information is determined based on a result of the determination.

The processor may determine a coordinator from among a plurality of neighboring IoT devices that are coordinator candidates and transmit their own device information based on network characteristics.

The network characteristics may include at least one of energy, network coverage, and network speed.

When energy-centric networking is required, the processor selects a device having the largest residual energy ratio among the plurality of neighboring IoT devices or a rate of consuming energy for a A device having the smallest certain time is determined as the coordinator, and when broadband networking is required, a device having the widest network interface range among the plurality of neighboring IoT devices is determined as the coordinator, and communication speed is determined. And when networking requiring performance is required, a device having the highest data transmission speed among the plurality of neighboring IoT devices may be determined as the coordinator.

The processor may sequentially consider the energy-oriented networking, the broadband networking, and networking in order of required communication speed and performance.

The processor may determine the coordinator for each network interface.

1 illustrates examples of infrastructure-unsupported Internet of Things area networks according to an embodiment.
2 is an example of a network formed by self-organizing networking between heterogeneous IoT devices according to an embodiment.
3 shows a SON functional architecture according to one embodiment.
4 illustrates an example of resource information broadcast by an IoT device according to an embodiment.
5 is a flowchart for explaining an operation of searching for a coordinator candidate according to an embodiment.
6 is a flowchart for explaining an operation of searching for a coordinator to form a network according to an embodiment.
7 is a diagram for explaining a heterogeneous autonomous network configuration in the Internet of Things.
8 is a schematic block diagram of an IoT device according to an embodiment.

Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, since various changes can be made to the embodiments, the scope of the patent application is not limited or limited by these embodiments. It should be understood that all changes, equivalents or substitutes to the embodiments are included within the scope of rights.

Terms used in the examples are used only for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as limiting. Singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In this specification, terms such as "include" or "have" are intended to designate that there is a feature, number, step, operation, component, part, or combination thereof described in the specification, but one or more other features It should be understood that the presence or addition of numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof is not precluded.

Terms such as first or second may be used to describe various elements, but elements should not be limited by the terms. The terms are only for the purpose of distinguishing one element from another element, for example, without departing from the scope of rights according to the concept of the embodiment, a first element may be named a second element, and similarly The second component may also be referred to as the first component.

Unless defined otherwise, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art to which the embodiment belongs. Terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the meaning in the context of the related art, and unless explicitly defined in the present application, they should not be interpreted in an ideal or excessively formal meaning. don't

In addition, in the description with reference to the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals are given to the same components regardless of reference numerals, and overlapping descriptions thereof will be omitted. In describing the embodiment, if it is determined that a detailed description of a related known technology may unnecessarily obscure the gist of the embodiment, the detailed description will be omitted.

The present invention is highly likely to be applied to networks with various dynamic phase changes such as the Internet of Things, and in a situation where various wireless communication technologies are all installed in devices such as mobile phones, there is an advantage in that services and added value using them are expected.

1 illustrates examples of infrastructure-unsupported Internet of Things area networks according to an embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 1 , IoT devices constituting a network may be homogeneous or heterogeneous due to characteristics of the Internet of Things. In an infrastructure-unsupported IoT area network, IoT devices may provide for peer-to-peer or server-client connectivity as shown in FIG. .

In the case of a network composed of IoT devices of the same type, as shown in FIG. In the case of a network composed of heterogeneous IoT devices, as shown in FIG. This is because different types of wireless network technologies (eg, A-type IoT devices in FIG. 1 use Bluetooth and B-type IoT devices use IEEE 802.15.4) between IoT devices.

In an infrastructure-unsupported Internet of Things area network, IoT devices perform various tasks by themselves, such as network configuration and neighbor node discovery and routing for communication services, without relying on infrastructure entities. carry out

For example, among IoT devices (eg, network devices), devices capable of serving as hosts and routers may be discovered. A host is any communication terminal included in the network and can form a link with only one neighboring node. A router may form a link with two or more neighboring terminals among communication terminals included in a network and forward a connection or data to a counterpart in the middle of the two neighboring terminals. A router may be referred to as a coordinator.

From the networking point of view of the IoT environment, everything can be interconnected with global information, communication infrastructure and devices based on different hardware platforms and networks, as shown in Figure 1 (b). The state of IoT devices can change dynamically, such as sleeping and walking up, connected and/or disconnected, as well as the context of the IoT devices, including location and speed. .

In order to adapt to different application domains and communication environments (eg, the environment as shown in (b) of FIG. 1), self-organization networking (SON) must be supported in IoT networking functions. In the network environment as shown in (b) of FIG. 1, by SON, all IoT devices constituting the network may secure mutual connectivity through interworking and data transmission/reception and autonomous network control may be performed.

SON may include self-management, self-configuring, self-healing, self-optimizing and self-protecting techniques and/or mechanisms. can In addition, to ensure normal network operation, manageability is required in IoT. IoT applications usually operate automatically without human involvement, but the entire operational process can be managed by relevant parties.

To realize connectivity between things in IoT, connectivity capabilities must be independent of specific application domains. The integration of end-to-end intelligence with heterogeneous communication technology can be considered in relation to "intelligence of communications" and "intelligence of services". can This may include considerations for location based communication and context based communication.

SON performs self-management of the network, including self-configuring, self-optimizing, self-healing, and self-protecting. It is about operating and optimizing networks without relying on human decision-making and centralized network management systems.

In the IoT environment, SON is to configure and optimize the network topology to support IoT services. SON for IoT considers the dynamic network circumstance of an infrastructure-unsupported IoT area network, and develops network topology, self-device discovery, and self-optimization for self-optimization. You can focus on self-configuration.

IoT devices may include various functions (or capabilities, capabilities). Various functions may include processing, memory, battery power, mobility, bit rate, transmission range, and the like. Also, as shown in (a) of FIG. 1, IoT devices may have different radio access technologies. The characteristics of these resources may affect the performance of SON. For example, battery power in an IoT device may be one of the most important considerations, since SON functionality is determined for energy-efficient networking. Accordingly, the characteristics of these resources may be considered.

As described above, in an infrastructure-unsupported IoT area network, SON for IoT can perform networking without the help of communication devices such as routers and their communication techniques existing on the existing network infrastructure. SON's requirements for IoT in an infrastructure-unsupported Internet of Things area network may be as follows.

1) Support for heterogeneous IoT neworks

IoT devices in a heterogeneous IoT network can be composed of various functions and access technologies. SON may match the characteristics of heterogeneous IoT devices.

2) Decentralization of SON

SON functions can be distributed to appropriate IoT devices according to the IoT service. IoT devices can simultaneously perform multiple roles for different services. When an IoT device has multiple roles, the roles may change according to IoT service requirements and conditions. Thus, SON functions can be distributed to appropriate IoT devices for service management rather than being concentrated on static IoT devices.

3) Support for different networking performance levels

SON can support distributed functions with different performance levels for different IoT services. For example, such performance may be based on energy-centric IoT services, process (or time)-centric IoT services, and the like. Different optimization options can give different results depending on the networking performance of the IoT service.

4) Self-configuration and self-management for networking

SON can support self-configuration and self-management for networking. Self-configuration can include all kinds of procedures to initiate networking, such as identification, neighbor & route discovery, etc. Self-management may include data routing, congestion control, and the like after network startup.

5) Support for network robustness

SON itself can support recovery for network failures. In the event of a networking failure, nearby IoT devices can detect the failure immediately and discover other devices in place of the failed device. With a backup device, the backup device can restore the original configuration.

For example, when IoT devices move or power is insufficient, networking failures such as routing path failures may occur. As soon as IoT devices detect a fault, they can find another routing path for network robustness.

2 is an example of a network formed by self-organizing networking between heterogeneous IoT devices according to an embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 2 , all IoT devices may form a communication link with a neighboring IoT device when connectivity with the neighboring IoT device is possible. In order to interconnect different types of communication terminals, one IoT device equipped with two or more different communication technologies is required. For example, in the case of a smartphone, all different communication technologies such as LTE, Bluetooth, WiFi, and NFC are loaded and used differently depending on the purpose. When these IoT devices act as routers, more IoT devices can efficiently form one network.

The functions of SON are decentralized and assigned to each IoT device, and these functions can exchange the necessary information to build and maintain the network. To this end, IoT devices can be classified into two groups according to their roles.

- IoT devices (A-type and B-type IoT devices in FIG. 2)

-IoT coordinators (A&B-type device in FIG. 2)

The IoT coordinator may be an IoT device selected from among all IoT devices. The IoT coordinator can configure routing paths for networking to other IoT devices. In addition, the IoT coordinator may perform a gateway for adjacent IoT devices (eg, devices constituting other adjacent networks). The IoT coordinator may include functions that can connect to various IoT devices.

The ability to qualify an IoT coordinator (to be elected as an IoT coordinator) may be determined by a performance option. Performance options can be achieved by predefined optimization policies. An optimization policy may be determined according to service requirements.

In the Internet of Things environment, the core of SON is to first search for IoT devices equipped with a plurality of different communication technologies (eg, A & B-type devices in FIG. to construct a network with

3 shows a SON functional architecture according to one embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 3 , the function of SON may be composed of coordination functionality and network functionality.

SON can be more efficient and dynamic based on the nature of the service due to its relatively simple configuration than conventional networking.

Predefined optimization policies are determined (or created) according to the requirements of specific IoT services and applications, and coordination functions and network functions can be triggered by the optimization policies.

The role of the optimization policy is to analyze the current status and requirements of the service and determine the optimal policy based on the requirements and constraints. Determination of the optimization policy may vary depending on the characteristics of IoT service requirements. If IoT services require energy-efficient networking, all procedures can focus on energy conservation. If the IoT service requires high performance (eg, high speed or large data processing), SON can be built for high performance. These policies may vary depending on the characteristics of the required IoT service.

The coordination function may perform roles for building a network topology, such as coordinator election, initialization and configuration for establishing a connection between two adjacent devices, and identification.

1) Coordinator election

As shown in FIG. 3, SON may be initiated from the coordinator side. A coordinator can play two important roles: managing neighboring IoT devices and forwarding packets. The most suitable IoT device should be the coordinator.

The coordinator's qualifications may be determined by the optimization policy. The coordinator may collect resource information of adjacent IoT devices for a management role. For example, resource information may include remaining energy and processing performance.

Resource information can be used to connect neighboring IoT devices and recover errors. After the resource information is collected, the coordinator starts connecting all adjacent IoT devices, and a network topology (eg, a star topology) may be built from the coordinator's point of view.

The coordinator may act as a gateway for neighboring IoT devices. If one of the coordinators fails, a new coordinator is elected, and one of the best IoT devices among the IoT devices can become the new coordinator by a recovery mechanism.

2) Initialization & configurations

Every IoT device can belong to (or be connected to) one of the coordinators for management. IoT devices are connected to one of the coordinators, and a start topology based on the coordinator may be built. These connections can be utilized for data transfer.

After the coordinator is elected, the coordinator may broadcast an advertisement packet. When adjacent IoT devices receive the advertisement packet, the adjacent IoT devices may respond with a connection request packet to the coordinator. Then, connections between IoT devices can be established based on the elected coordinator. If the elected coordinator fails, all adjacent IoT devices may be disconnected and the above-described coordinator election process may be restarted.

3) Identification

Conventional identification scheme networking protocols are not always suitable for IoT devices (especially constrained IoT devices). Infrastructure-unsupported network IoT devices require new identification schemes and networking protocols suitable for optimization policies. New identification schemes must be simple for energy efficiency or high performance.

After building SON, network functions can be handled. The network function is to enable data communication with infrastructure-unsupported network IoT devices. Network functions include routing and path discovery for IoT devices in the network to transmit and receive data based on the formed network, data forwarding and delivery for efficient forwarding in transmitting and receiving data, And when a problem occurs on a path, it can play a role of network recovery to fix it.

1) Routing & path discovery

Network functions can establish routing paths for packet delivery according to the elected coordinator and optimization policy. When the network topology is established in terms of the coordinators, a connection between the coordinators may be created. Depending on the optimization policy, connections between coordinators can build different routing paths or different network topologies. Then, a routing path can be built based on the coordinator between the source device and the target device.

2) Data forwarding and delivery

Data forwarding can be done with three types of traffic patterns including unicasting, multicasting and broadcasting. When high performance is required for the IoT service, a networking technology such as multi-homing may be utilized. All data delivery is performed by the coordinator, and IoT devices can exchange data with the coordinator.

3) network recovery

There can be two types of network errors. One may be a failure of the coordinator, and the other may be a failure of the IoT device. If one of the coordinators fails, one of the adjacent IoT devices may become the coordinator. In addition, when the connection between the coordinator and one of the IoT devices fails, the coordinator may attempt to reconnect to the IoT device (eg, the one to which the connection has failed). When the connection is terminated, the coordinator may not manage the information of the disconnected IoT device any more.

4 illustrates an example of device information broadcast by an IoT device according to an embodiment.

All IoT devices may repeatedly broadcast their own information, that is, device information (or resource information) as shown in FIG. 4 . Information included in the device information may be as follows.

Device ID may mean a device identifier. For example, the Device ID may be an identifier number given (or allocated) to the IoT device.

Self may mean bit information for setting a TRUE (or 1) value when a device broadcasts its own information. For example, Self is for determining whether it is self information or neighbor information, “TRUE (or 1)” means self information, and “FALSE (or 0)” may mean neighbor terminal information. .

C.Coordinator may indicate bit information for setting a TRUE (or 1) value when a device is selected as a coordinator candidate. For example, C.Coordinator is for determining whether it is a coordinator candidate, “TRUE (or 1)” may mean a coordinator candidate, and “FALSE (or 0)” may mean a general terminal.

R.Energy means a ratio of remaining energy, and C.Energy means a rate of consuming energy for a certain time can do.

IF.Count means the number of network interfaces the device includes (or mounts or equips), IF.No#N means a sequence number for identifying network interfaces included in the device, and IF. .Type: This may mean the name of a network interface (eg, IEEE802.15.4, B:IEEE802.11, BLE, NFC, Z-WAVE, LoBAC, etc.).

IF.Range means the RF range of the network interface (eg, radio radius (m)), IF.Speed means the data transfer rate (bps, eg, radio link speed), and IF.Link means This may mean a list of connected neighboring devices (eg, connected neighboring IoT devices (or links, nodes).

IF.Coordinator may mean a device ID of a connected coordinator.

Whenever an IoT device receives device information of a neighboring IoT device, the IoT device may search for coordinator candidates and connections to build a network based on the received device information.

Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6 , an operation of searching for coordinator candidates and connections to build a network using device information will be described.

5 is a flowchart for explaining an operation of searching for a coordinator candidate according to an embodiment.

The IoT device may periodically check whether neighbor device information is received from one or more neighboring IoT devices (510).

The IoT device may determine whether to update neighbor device information of a neighbor IoT device (520). At this time, if the neighbor IoT device exists in the list (eg, a list of connected neighbor devices), the IoT device uses the existing neighbor device information as the received neighbor device information (eg, the most recently received neighbor device from the neighbor IoT device). device information) may be updated (523). If the neighbor IoT device does not exist in the list, the IoT device may add neighbor device information newly received from the neighbor IoT device (525).

The IoT device may determine whether the neighbor device information received from the neighbor IoT device is the device information of the neighbor IoT device (ie, the neighbor IoT device's own device information) (530). For example, the IoT device may check the bit information of Self included in the neighboring device information to determine whether it is the device information of the neighboring IoT device.

If the neighboring device information is device information of a neighboring IoT device, the IoT device may add the device identifier of the neighboring IoT device to IF.Link corresponding to IF.No#N of its own device information (540). The neighbor IoT device may be a neighbor node having direct connectivity with the IoT device through a wireless link through a network interface included in the IoT device. That is, a neighboring IoT device may be directly connected to the IoT device through a wireless link.

The IoT device may determine whether it is a coordinator candidate based on its own device information. The procedures described below are illustrative and not necessarily limited thereto.

The IoT device may determine whether a neighboring IoT device is a coordinator candidate based on at least one of the number of network interfaces included in the device information, the number of neighboring links connected to the network interfaces, and the ratio of residual energy (550, 570, 580). For example, the IoT device may determine whether or not to be its own coordinator candidate by sequentially considering the number of network interfaces, the number of neighboring links connected to the network interfaces, and the residual energy ratio in that order.

First, the IoT device may determine whether the number of its network interfaces is 2 or more based on the IF.Count of the device information (550). If the number of network interfaces is 2 or more, the IoT device may determine itself as a coordinator candidate (560).

Next, if the number of network interfaces is less than 2, the IoT device may determine whether the number of links connected to the network interface is 2 or more based on IF.Link corresponding to IF.No#N of the device information (570). When the number of links connected to the network interface is 2 or more, the IoT device may determine itself as a coordinator candidate (560).

If the number of links connected to the network interface is less than 2, the IoT device may determine whether the ratio of remaining energy is greater than or equal to the energy threshold (THRESHOLD_ENERGY_LEVEL) based on R.Energy of the device information (580). The energy threshold (THRESHOLD_ENERGY_LEVEL) may mean a limit of a sufficient remaining energy level to perform a coordinator role. When the ratio of remaining energy is greater than or equal to the energy threshold, the IoT device may determine itself as a coordinator candidate (560). If the ratio of remaining energy is less than the energy threshold, the IoT device may determine itself as not being a coordinator candidate (590).

That is, when the number of network interfaces is 2, the IoT device can designate itself as a coordinator candidate. In addition, when the number of network interfaces is 1, but the number of links connected to the network interface is 2 or more or the ratio of remaining energy is equal to or greater than the energy threshold, the IoT device may designate itself as a coordinator candidate.

After determining whether the IoT device is a coordinator candidate, the decision result may be reflected in C.Coordinator of the device information. For example, if you are a coordinator candidate, reflect TRUE (or 1) bit information in C.Coordinator, and if you are not a coordinator candidate, FALSE (or 0) bit information in C.Coordinator. can reflect

When neighbor device information is received from a neighbor IoT device, the IoT device may update its own device information and broadcast the updated device information to neighbors. Coordinator candidates of the network can be found through an algorithm. A device with multiple interfaces or multiple connection devices can be a coordinator candidate. Also, an energy efficient device can be a coordinator candidate when SON requires energy saving.

When neighbor device information is received from a neighbor IoT device, the IoT device may update its own device information and broadcast the updated device information to neighbors. For example, IF.Link and C.Coordinator corresponding to IF.No#N of device information may be updated.

The process described above in FIG. 5 may be performed for each network interface of the IoT device.

6 is a flowchart for explaining an operation of searching for a coordinator to form a network according to an embodiment.

The IoT device may determine a coordinator for forming a network from among coordinator candidates based on neighboring device information received from one or more neighboring IoT devices and its own device information. The procedures described below are illustrative and not necessarily limited thereto.

The IoT device may determine whether it is a coordinator candidate (610).

If the IoT device itself is a coordinator candidate, the IoT device may determine whether a neighboring IoT device is a coordinator candidate and whether the neighboring IoT device information is device information of a neighboring IoT device (613). When the neighbor IoT device is a coordinator candidate and the neighbor device information is device information of the neighbor IoT device, the IoT device may determine the neighbor IoT device as the coordinator. The IoT device may update the device identifier of the neighboring IoT device to the IF.Coordinator corresponding to the IF.No#N of the device information of the IoT device (660).

Even when the IoT device itself is not a coordinator candidate, the IoT device may determine whether a neighboring IoT device is a coordinator candidate and whether the neighboring IoT device information is device information of a neighboring IoT device (620).

The IoT device may determine a coordinator from among a plurality of neighboring IoT devices that are coordinator candidates and transmit their own device information in consideration of network characteristics according to environmental conditions (630, 670, 673). For example, the network characteristics may include at least one of energy, network coverage, and network speed. The IoT device may determine a coordinator by sequentially considering energy-centric networking, broadband networking, communication speed, and performance in the order of network characteristics.

First, the IoT device may consider whether energy-centric networking is required (630).

The IoT device may determine whether there is a device having the largest residual energy ratio among a plurality of neighboring IoT devices (640).

If there is a device having the largest residual energy ratio, the IoT device may determine a device having the largest remaining energy ratio as a coordinator (645). Otherwise, the IoT device may determine, as a coordinator, a device having the lowest value of a rate of consuming energy for a certain time among a plurality of neighboring IoT devices (650).

Next, the IoT device may consider whether broadband (wide wireless radius) networking is required (670). The IoT device may determine a device having the widest network interface range among a plurality of neighboring IoT devices as a coordinator (677). For example, a coordinator candidate having a long-distance network interface such as LoRa, Sigfox, IEEE802.11ah, WI-SUN, or NB-IoT may become a coordinator.

Finally, the IoT device may consider whether networking requiring communication speed and performance is required (673). The IoT device may determine a device having the highest data transmission rate among a plurality of neighboring IoT devices as a coordinator (675).

The IoT device may update the decoration identifier of the determined coordinator to the IF.Coordinator corresponding to IF.No#N of its own device information (660).

As described above, when SON needs to build a network that supports energy, throughput, and network range according to environmental conditions, a coordinator suitable for characteristics can be selected using an algorithm. .

The process described above in FIG. 6 may be performed for each network interface of the IoT device.

7 is a diagram for explaining a heterogeneous autonomous network configuration in the Internet of Things.

Network connectivity configuration as shown in FIG. 7 may be possible through the algorithm described in FIGS. 5 and 6 .

Previously, since networking consisting of terminals with the same type of wireless communication technology was considered, if such a method is used, it is impossible to use it at all for self-organizing networking of IoT in which heterogeneous terminals are mixed. Even if it is utilized, not all nodes can communicate efficiently. The above-described embodiments can realize more efficient networking by fundamentally solving these problems.

8 is a schematic block diagram of an IoT device according to an embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 8 , the IoT device 800 includes a memory 810, a processor 830, and one or more network interfaces 850.

Memory 810 may store instructions (or programs) executable by processor 830 . For example, the instructions may be instructions for performing one or more operations for controlling the IoT device 800 to form a network with one or more neighboring IoT devices.

The processor 830 may control overall operations of the IoT device 800 . The processor 830 may be implemented as at least one processor including one or more cores.

The processor 830 may execute instructions for configuring a network with one or more neighboring IoT devices. Instructions may be implemented (or embedded) in processor 830 .

Also, the processor 830 may retrieve, fetch, or read instructions from the memory 810 and execute the instructions in order to execute the instructions. Thereafter, the processor 830 may write (write, or record) one or more execution results to the memory 810 or another memory (not shown), for example, an internal register, an internal cache, or storage.

The processor 830 may perform one or more operations for controlling the IoT device 800 to form a network with one or more neighboring IoT devices.

The processor 830 may determine whether one or more network interfaces 850 are coordinator candidates and determine a coordinator. The contents described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7 are substantially equally applied to the processor 830 . Accordingly, detailed descriptions are omitted.

The method according to the embodiment may be implemented in the form of program instructions that can be executed through various computer means and recorded on a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium may include program instructions, data files, data structures, etc. alone or in combination. Program commands recorded on the medium may be specially designed and configured for the embodiment or may be known and usable to those skilled in computer software. Examples of computer-readable recording media include magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks and magnetic tapes, optical media such as CD-ROMs and DVDs, and magnetic media such as floptical disks. - includes hardware devices specially configured to store and execute program instructions, such as magneto-optical media, and ROM, RAM, flash memory, and the like. Examples of program instructions include high-level language codes that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter, as well as machine language codes such as those produced by a compiler. The hardware devices described above may be configured to operate as one or more software modules to perform the operations of the embodiments, and vice versa.

Software may include a computer program, code, instructions, or a combination of one or more of the foregoing, which configures a processing device to operate as desired or processes independently or collectively. The device can be commanded. Software and/or data may be any tangible machine, component, physical device, virtual equipment, computer storage medium or device, intended to be interpreted by or provide instructions or data to a processing device. , or may be permanently or temporarily embodied in a transmitted signal wave. Software may be distributed on networked computer systems and stored or executed in a distributed manner. Software and data may be stored on one or more computer readable media.

As described above, although the embodiments have been described with limited drawings, those skilled in the art can apply various technical modifications and variations based on the above. For example, the described techniques may be performed in an order different from the method described, and/or components of the described system, structure, device, circuit, etc. may be combined or combined in a different form than the method described, or other components may be used. Or even if it is replaced or substituted by equivalents, appropriate results can be achieved.

Therefore, other implementations, other embodiments, and equivalents of the claims are within the scope of the following claims.

Claims (20)

In the self-organizing networking method performed by the first IoT device,
Receiving neighbor device information from one or more neighbor IoT devices;
Updating device information of the first IoT device based on the neighbor device information; and
Determining whether the first IoT device is a coordinator candidate based on at least one of the number of network interfaces included in the updated device information, the number of neighboring links connected to the network interfaces, and a ratio of residual energy
including,
The coordinator candidate is a coordinator candidate that serves as a gateway of the network,
The determining step is
determining the first IoT device as the coordinator candidate when the number of network interfaces is two or more;
determining the first IoT device as the coordinator candidate when the number of links connected to the network interface is two or more; and
Determining the first IoT device as the coordinator candidate when the ratio of the remaining energy is greater than the energy threshold
Including, self-organizing networking method.
According to claim 1,
The self-organizing networking method in which the number of network interfaces, the number of neighboring links connected to the network interfaces, and the ratio of the residual energy are sequentially considered.
delete delete According to claim 1,
Updating bit information for determining whether a coordinator candidate included in the device information is based on a result of the determination
Self-organizing networking method further comprising a.
According to claim 1,
Determining a coordinator from among a plurality of neighboring IoT devices that are coordinator candidates and transmit their own device information based on network characteristics
Self-organizing networking method further comprising a.
According to claim 6,
The network characteristic comprises at least one of energy, network range, and network speed.
According to claim 6,
The step of determining the coordinator,
Determining, as the coordinator, a device having a largest residual energy ratio among the plurality of neighboring IoT devices when energy-centric networking is required;
determining, as the coordinator, a device having the widest network interface range among the plurality of neighbor IoT devices when broadband networking is required; and
Determining, as the coordinator, a device having the highest data transmission rate among the plurality of neighboring IoT devices when networking requiring communication speed and performance is required.
A self-organizing networking method comprising a.
According to claim 8,
The self-organizing networking method in which the energy-centric networking, the broadband networking, and the communication speed and performance are sequentially considered in order of required networking.
According to claim 6,
The step of determining the coordinator,
A self-organizing networking method performed per the network interface.
In a first IoT device for self-organizing networking
one or more network interfaces; and
A processor for executing instructions for configuring a network with one or more neighboring IoT devices through the network interface.
including,
When the instructions are executed, the processor:
Neighbor device information is received from the one or more neighboring IoT devices, device information of the first IoT device is updated based on the neighbor device information, and the number of network interfaces included in the updated device information, the network interface Determine whether the first IoT device is a coordinator candidate based on at least one of the number of connected neighboring links and a ratio of residual energy;
The coordinator candidate is a coordinator candidate that serves as a gateway of the network,
the processor,
When the number of network interfaces is 2 or more, determining the first IoT device as the coordinator candidate;
When the number of links connected to the network interface is two or more, determining the first IoT device as the coordinator candidate;
When the ratio of the remaining energy is greater than the energy threshold, determining the first IoT device as the coordinator candidate.
According to claim 11,
the processor,
An IoT device sequentially considering the number of network interfaces, the number of neighboring links connected to the network interfaces, and the ratio of the remaining energy in order.
delete delete According to claim 11,
the processor,
An IoT device that updates bit information for determining whether a coordinator candidate included in the device information is based on a result of the determination.
According to claim 11,
the processor,
An IoT device that determines a coordinator from among a plurality of neighboring IoT devices that are coordinator candidates and transmit their own device information based on network characteristics.
According to claim 16,
The network characteristic IoT device including at least one of energy, network range, and network speed.
According to claim 16,
the processor,
When energy-centric networking is required, determining a device having the largest residual energy ratio among the plurality of neighboring IoT devices as the coordinator;
When broadband networking is required, determining a device having the widest network interface range among the plurality of neighboring IoT devices as the coordinator;
When networking requiring communication speed and performance is required, the IoT device determining a device having the highest data transmission rate among the plurality of neighboring IoT devices as the coordinator.
According to claim 18,
the processor,
IoT devices sequentially considering the energy-oriented networking, the broadband networking, and the required networking in order of communication speed and performance.
According to claim 16,
the processor,
IoT device for determining the coordinator for each network interface.

Images