KR102449375B1 - System for detecting abnormal state between collector ring and brush of generator - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is an abnormality detection system between collector brushes, which can detect an abnormal state due to contacts of the collector brushes. A collector ring installed in a generator - the abnormality detection system between the brushes includes: a sensor system detecting a state of the generator and providing state information; an obtaining device for acquiring the state information; and a calculation device for detecting an abnormal state of the generator using the state information. At this time, the sensor system is installed in a brush holder for mounting the brushes.

Description

System for detecting abnormal state between collector ring and brush of generator}

The present invention relates to a technology for detecting abnormalities between the collector brushes of a generator, and more particularly, to a system for detecting an abnormal state caused by contact between a collector-brush in a generator.

In general, generators can be broadly classified into two categories: a field and an armature, and the DC current supplied from the exciter is a carbon brush, a collector ring, and a stud bolt. Bolt), it becomes an electromagnet by flowing into the coil of the field winding through a bore copper.

In order to produce electricity in the generator, the exciter supplies the field current to the rotation. The field current is converted by the exciter and supplied to the collector through the brush. At this time, the brush is replaced and inspected periodically as a consumable item.

Here, during normal operation of the generator, the collector ring and the carbon brush are caused by abnormal contact, uneven wear, current concentration of a specific brush, excessive vibration, spark flash over, etc. Serious failures may occur.

However, there is a problem in that the real-time monitoring of the current collecting brush and the management of the replacement history are absent, and the risk of a safety accident exists.

In addition, there is no facility for monitoring the brush supplying the field current, so when an abnormality occurs, an operator or maintenance person cannot immediately know, so there is a problem that the failure proceeds for a long time.

In addition, if heat generation, current imbalance, vibration, flashover, etc. occur due to abnormal occurrence of the brush, there is a problem that may lead to damage to the collecting surface.

In addition, there is a problem that the contact state between the collector ring and the brush cannot be accurately confirmed until the generator is stopped and visually checked.

1. Republic of Korea Patent No. 10-2262799 (Registration Date: June 03, 2021)

The present invention has been proposed to solve the problem according to the above background art, and it is to provide an abnormality detection system between the collecting brushes that can accurately check the contact state between the collector ring and the brush even before the generator is stopped and visually checked. There is this.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an abnormality detection system between collecting brushes capable of detecting an abnormal state due to contact of the collecting brushes.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an abnormality detection system between the collecting brushes that allows an operator or maintenance person to immediately know when an abnormality occurs.

The present invention provides an abnormality detection system between collecting brushes capable of detecting an abnormal state due to contact between the collecting brushes, in order to achieve the above object.

The anomaly detection system,

As a collector-brush-to-brush abnormality detection system installed in a generator,

a sensor system for detecting the state of the generator and providing state information;

an acquiring device for acquiring the status information; and

and a calculation device for detecting an abnormal state of the generator by using the state information.

At this time, the sensor system is characterized in that it is installed in the brush holder to mount the brush.

In addition, the state information is characterized in that it includes the measured temperature of the brush, the measured vibration amount, the measured distance of the brush, and the measured current flowing through the output cable of the generator.

In addition, the vibration sensor of the sensor system is installed inside the handle of the brush holder, the current sensor of the sensor system is installed inside the lower part, and the temperature sensor and the distance sensor of the sensor system are installed on the lower outer surface characterized in that

In addition, the measurement distance is characterized in that the distance between the distance sensor and the upper surface of the brush.

In addition, the distance sensor is characterized in that the non-contact sensor signal is emitted downward, and the distance is measured by analyzing the signal that hits the upper surface of the brush and returns.

In addition, the brush holder is characterized in that the cartridge type.

In addition, the wear rate of the brush according to the measurement distance is characterized in that it is matched with a preset look-up table.

In addition, it is characterized in that a hole through which the cable passes is formed inside the lower portion so that the current sensor measures the current flowing through the cable.

In addition, the hole is characterized in that it is a hole passing through the inside of the lower portion.

In addition, the brush holder is characterized in that it includes a holder having a “U” shape in cross section to seat and fix the temperature sensor and the distance sensor.

According to the present invention, the contact state between the collector ring and the brush can be accurately checked even before the generator is stopped and visually checked.

In addition, as another effect of the present invention, real-time arc timing diagnosis, brush current and temperature trend storage and management are possible.

In addition, as another effect of the present invention, real-time monitoring of arcs and instantaneous current abnormalities is possible by implementing high-speed current sampling.

In addition, as another effect of the present invention, a brush current abnormality and state analysis diagnosis algorithm using big data is possible.

In addition, as another effect of the present invention, it is possible to manage the brush replacement cycle, manage individual history, notify function, and transmit a measurement signal by wire or wirelessly.

1 is a schematic diagram of a general generator.
2 is a block diagram of a generator abnormality detection system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a conceptual diagram of the generator abnormality detection system shown in FIG.
4 is a view showing the structure of a general collector ring.
5 is a schematic perspective view of a cartridge-type brush holder on which a brush is mounted according to an embodiment of the present invention.
6 is a schematic side view of a cartridge-type brush holder in which a brush is mounted according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Since the present invention can have various changes and can have various embodiments, specific embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and will be described in detail in the detailed description. However, this is not intended to limit the present invention to a specific embodiment, it should be understood to include all modifications, equivalents and substitutes included in the spirit and scope of the present invention.

In describing each figure, like reference numerals are used for like elements.

The terms first, second, etc. may be used to describe various elements, but the elements should not be limited by the terms. The above terms are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another.

For example, without departing from the scope of the present invention, a first component may be referred to as a second component, and similarly, a second component may also be referred to as a first component. The term “and/or” includes a combination of a plurality of related listed items or any of a plurality of related listed items.

Unless defined otherwise, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

Terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having meanings consistent with the meanings in the context of the related art, and should not be interpreted in an ideal or excessively formal meaning unless explicitly defined in the present application. shouldn't

Hereinafter, an abnormality detection method of a generator according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a schematic diagram of a general generator. 1, the generator 120 performs a function of generating AC (Alternating Current) power. The excitation power supply 110 supplies an excitation current to the generator 120 . In addition, the excitation transformer 140, SCR (Silicon Controlled Rectifier) bridge 150, the terminal voltage of the generator 120 having a selective supply from the generator terminal or auxiliary bus is maintained at the required value regardless of the load state An Auto Voltage Regulator (AVR) 160 for stabilizing the voltage, and a user interface 180 for controlling the AVR 160 are configured.

The AVR 160 and the user interface 180 are connected by communication, and the communication may be RS232, RS485, Modbus, CC-Link (Control & Communication) communication, Ethernet communication, or the like.

The AVR 160 is connected to the current transformer 130 for detecting the output of the generator 120 and the instrument transformer 170 .

2 is a block diagram of a generator abnormality detection system 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention. 2, the generator abnormality detection system 200 is installed in the generator 120 to detect the state of the generator 120 to generate state information sensor systems 211, 212, 213, 214, and an acquisition device for obtaining state information ( 210), the calculation device 220 for detecting an abnormal state of the generator using the state information, and the like may be configured.

Ammeter (211,212,213,214) is a current sensor 211 for sensing the current flowing in the output cable (not shown) of the generator 120, a temperature sensor 212 for sensing the internal temperature of the generator 120, the inside of the generator 120 It may be configured to include a vibration sensor 213 for sensing the amount of vibration, a distance sensor 214 for sensing a position of a brush (not shown) installed in the generator 120 , and the like.

The acquisition device 210 may be connected to the sensor systems 211 , 212 , 213 , and 214 through wired or wireless communication to perform a function of acquiring state information generated by the sensor systems 211 , 212 , 213 , and 214 . The acquisition device 210 may include a microcomputer, a microprocessor, a communication circuit, a communication modem, a memory, and the like.

The memory may be a memory provided in a microcomputer or a microprocessor, or may be a separate memory. Therefore, flash memory disk (SSD: Solid State Disk), hard disk drive, flash memory, EEPROM (Electrically erasable programmable read-only memory), SRAM (Static RAM), FRAM (Ferro-electric RAM), PRAM (Phase-change RAM) . can be

The calculation device 220 may be connected to the acquisition device 210 through a communication cable or a communication network (not shown).

A communication network (not shown) refers to a connection structure capable of exchanging information between each node such as a plurality of terminals and servers, and includes a public switched telephone network (PSTN), a public switched data network (PSDN), and an integrated information network (ISDN). : Integrated Services Digital Networks), Broadband ISDN (BISDN), Local Area Network (LAN), Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), Wide LAN (WLAN), etc. can

However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and wireless communication networks such as CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access), WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access), Wibro (Wireless Broadband), WiFi (Wireless Fidelity), DLNA (Digital Living Network Alliance) , Zigbee, Z-wave, HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) network, Bluetooth, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), Infrared Data Association (IrDA), Ultra-wide Band, It may be a Wireless Universal Serial Bus (USB), a Near Field Communication (NFC) network, a satellite broadcasting network, an analog broadcasting network, a Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB) network, or the like. Alternatively, it may be a combination of these wired communication networks and wireless communication networks.

The calculation device 220 communicates with the acquisition device 210 to determine whether there is an abnormality using the communication unit 221 that receives the status information, the analysis unit 222 that analyzes the status information to generate the analysis information, and the analysis information and a determination unit 223 for generating monitoring report information, an output unit 224 for outputting monitoring report information, and the like.

The communication unit 221 may be directly connected to the acquisition device 210 or may be connected through a communication network. To this end, the communication unit 221 may include a communication modem, a communication circuit, a microprocessor, a memory, and the like.

The analysis unit 222 performs a function of performing analysis using the state information acquired from the acquisition device 210 . For example, the temperature, current, vibration amount, and distance inside the generator 120 are calculated. The temperature may be a temperature inside the generator 120, a temperature of a brush (not shown), and the like.

To this end, the ammeters 211 , 212 , 213 , and 214 may be installed in a brush holder (not shown) in which a brush (not shown) is installed. For example, the vibration sensor 213 may be installed inside the brush holder to measure the amount of vibration during operation. In addition, the current sensor 211 may be installed inside the brush holder and a current flowing through an output cable (not shown) passing through the inside of the brush holder may be measured. In addition, by installing the temperature sensor 212 and the distance sensor 214 in the brush holder, the distance between the brush and the brush holder and the temperature of the brush can be measured.

The analysis unit 222 may analyze whether excessive vibration is generated using the amount of vibration measured by the vibration sensor 213 . That is, when the measured vibration amount and a preset reference value are compared, if the reference value is exceeded, the vibration transient is analyzed.

Also, the analysis unit 222 may analyze whether an arc is generated using the current measured by the current sensor 211 . That is, the measured current is compared with a preset reference value, and if the reference value is exceeded, it is analyzed as arc generation.

In addition, using the temperature and distance measured by the temperature sensor 212 and the distance sensor 214 , it is possible to analyze whether there is heat or whether the brush is abnormal. That is, the measured temperature is compared with a preset reference value, and if the reference value is exceeded, it is analyzed as overheating. In addition, the measurement distance is compared with a preset reference value, and if the reference value is exceeded, it is analyzed as a brush error.

The temperature sensor 212 and the distance sensor 214 measure the temperature and distance by emitting a non-contact sensor signal downward, and analyzing the signal that hits the top surface of the brush and returns.

The determination unit 223 determines whether there is an abnormality by using the analysis information generated by the analysis unit 222 and performs a function of generating monitoring report information. An example of a screen showing such monitoring report information is shown in FIG. 7 . This will be described later.

Referring to FIG. 2 , the determination unit 223 may generate alarm information indicating normal or alarm status information. Examples of a screen showing such alarm information are shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 . This will be described later.

The output unit 224 performs a function of outputting monitoring report information and/or alarm information. Of course, such monitoring report information and/or alarm information may be displayed graphically, but may also be composed of a combination of graphics, text, and voice.

The output unit 224 may output a setting screen, an output screen, a menu screen, and the like. The output unit 224 may include a display and a sound system. Display is LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), LED (Light Emitting Diode) display, PDP (Plasma Display Panel), OLED (Organic LED) display, touch screen, CRT (Cathode Ray Tube), flexible display, micro LED, mini LED, etc. this may be included. In the case of a touch screen, it can also be used as an input means.

The analysis unit 222 and the determination unit 223 illustrated in FIG. 2 refer to units that process at least one function or operation, and may be implemented as software and/or hardware. In hardware implementation, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), digital signal processing (DSP), programmable logic device (PLD), field programmable gate array (FPGA), processor, microprocessor, other It may be implemented as an electronic unit or a combination thereof.

In software implementation, software composition component (element), object-oriented software composition component, class composition component and task composition component, process, function, attribute, procedure, subroutine, segment of program code, driver, firmware, microcode, data , databases, data structures, tables, arrays, and variables. Software, data, etc. may be stored in a memory and executed by a processor. The memory or processor may employ various means well known to those skilled in the art.

3 is a conceptual diagram of the generator abnormality detection system 200 shown in FIG. Referring to FIG. 3 , a temperature sensor and a current sensor are installed on the brush (N1A to N1H) side of the generator 120, and temperature and current data measured by the temperature sensor and the current sensor are acquired through a signal cable. sent to device 130 . Of course, in addition to the temperature sensor and the current sensor, a vibration sensor and a distance sensor are also disposed.

The acquisition device 130 transmits the data acquired from the sensors to the calculation device 220 . The acquisition device 130 and the calculation device 220 may be connected by an optical cable.

4 is a view showing the structure of a general collector ring. In general, a generator includes a stator and a rotor, and is configured to transmit current through a collector and a brush. The collector ring 420 is composed of two based on the plate 410 having the grid 411 at regular intervals on the shaft protruding from the case of the generator.

The collector ring 420 is mounted on the rotor of the generator rotating at high speed (about 3600 RPM) and functions as an important medium to deliver the excitation current to the field winding. The surface of the collector ring 420 must always be kept clean so that the excitation current can be smoothly communicated between the brush and the collector ring due to good contact with the generator brush.

5 is a perspective view of a cartridge-type brush holder 510 in which a brush 520 is mounted according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 5 , a brush holder 510 for mounting the brush 520 in contact with the collector ring 420 shown in FIG. 4 is shown.

A vibration sensor 213 is installed in the upper inner 511 of the brush holder 510 , a current sensor 211 is installed in the lower inner 512 , and a temperature sensor 212 and a distance in the lower outer surface 513 . A sensor 214 is installed.

In particular, the brush holder 510 shown in FIG. 5 has a square handle of the private type. By emitting a non-contact sensor signal downwards, it hits the top of the brush and analyzes the return signal to measure temperature and/or distance.

In other words, the vibration sensor 213 is installed in the upper interior 511 of the handle to measure the amount of vibration during operation and is used to analyze excessive vibration.

The current sensor 211 is installed in the lower interior 512 of the handle, and is used to measure the current flowing through the cable (not shown) passing through the hole 501 to analyze whether an arc is generated. In other words, a hole 501 through which the cable passes is formed in the lower interior 512 so that the current sensor 211 measures the current flowing through the cable. The hole 501 may be a hole passing through the lower interior 512 .

A temperature sensor 212 and a distance sensor 214 are installed on the lower outer surface of the handle and used to measure temperature and distance. The temperature can be the brush temperature, the internal temperature of the generator. Also, the measurement distance may be a distance between the distance sensor and the upper surface of the brush.

To make it easier to understand, it is like an arrow. That is, the roll spring is positioned between the position where the distance sensor is installed and the upper surface of the brush. Accordingly, as the lower surface of the brush is worn and moved downward by the restoring force of the roll spring, the distance between the distance sensor and the upper surface of the brush is increased.

Of course, the wear rate of the brush according to the measurement distance may be matched with a preset lookup table.

The temperature sensor 212 and the distance sensor 214 may be fixed to the lower outer surface 513 by a bolting method or an adhesive.

In particular, a holder 502 having a “U” shape in cross section may be installed to seat and fix the temperature sensor 212 and the distance sensor 214 . The temperature sensor 212 and the distance sensor 214 may be fixedly installed to the holder 502 by a bolting method or an adhesive on the inside of the holder 502 .

6 is a schematic side view of a cartridge-type brush holder in which a brush 520 is mounted according to another embodiment of the present invention. The brush holder shown in FIG. 6 has a shape and structure similar to that of the brush holder shown in FIG. 5 except that the shape of the handle is different.

Referring to FIG. 6 , the brush holder includes a roll spring 612 that provides elastic force to the brush 520 , an arm 613 that fixes the brush 520 so that it does not swing, and a brush box 614 that seats the brush 520 . ), an insulating handle 615 that allows the user to handle for replacement, a protective plate 616 configured on the lower surface of the handle 615 to give insulation, a connector 670 for electrical connection, and a brush holder A clip 617 for fixing to the collector side, a handling lever 619 for safely installing the brush holder on the collector side, a stopper 618 for fixing the insertion position of the brush holder, a protective plate 616 in the shape of an “L” ) and a support 621 for fixing the brush box 614, a retainer 622 for fixing the brush box 614 to the support 621, and the like.

Unlike FIG. 5 , the handle 615 is characterized by a ring type.

110: excitation power supply 120: generator
130: current transformer 160: AVR (Auto Voltage Regulator)
180: interface
211: current sensor 212: temperature sensor
213: vibration sensor 214: distance sensor
210: acquiring device 220: calculating device
221: communication unit 222: analysis unit
223: determination unit 224: output unit
410: plate 420: collector
501: hole 502: fixture
510: brush holder
511: upper inner 512: lower inner
513: lower outer surface
520: brush
612: Roll Spring 613: Female
614: brush box 615: handle
616: protection plate 617: clip
618: stopper 619: handling lever
621: support 622: retainer

Claims (10)

In the abnormal detection system between the collector ring 420 and the brush 520 installed in the generator 120,
Sensor systems 211, 212, 213, 214 for detecting the state of the generator 120 and providing state information;
an acquiring device 210 for acquiring the status information; and
Calculating device 220 for detecting an abnormal state of the generator 120 by using the state information; includes,
The sensor systems (211, 212, 213, 214) are installed in the brush holder (510) for mounting the brush (520),
The state information includes the measured temperature of the brush 520, the measured vibration amount, the measured distance of the brush 520, and the measured current flowing through the output cable of the generator 120,
A vibration sensor 213 of the sensor systems 211,212,213,214 is installed in the upper inner 511 of the handle 615 of the brush holder 510, and a current sensor among the sensor systems 211,212,213,214 in the lower inner 512. 211) is installed, and a temperature sensor 212 and a distance sensor 214 among the sensor systems (211,212,213,214) are installed on the lower outer surface (513).
delete delete The method of claim 1,
The measuring distance is a distance between the distance sensor and the upper surface of the brush (520).
5. The method of claim 4,
The distance sensor (214) emits a non-contact sensor signal downwards, and analyzes a signal that hits the upper surface of the brush (520) and returns to measure the distance.
5. The method of claim 4,
The brush holder 510 is an abnormality detection system between collecting brushes, characterized in that the cartridge type. 5. The method of claim 4,
The abnormality detection system between collecting brushes, characterized in that the wear rate of the brush according to the measurement distance is matched with a preset look-up table.
The method of claim 1,
An abnormality detection system between collecting brushes, characterized in that a hole (501) through which the cable passes is formed in the lower interior (512) so that the current sensor (211) measures the current flowing through the cable.
9. The method of claim 8,
Wherein the hole (501) is a hole penetrating the lower interior (512).
The method of claim 1,
The brush holder 510 includes a holder 502 having a “C” shape in cross section to seat and fix the temperature sensor 212 and the distance sensor 214 .

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