KR102416613B1 - Hierarchical blockchain system between edge and cloud in urban computing and method of generating the system - Google Patents

Abstract

In urban computing, the hierarchical blockchain system between the edge and the cloud includes: a first layer in which IoT devices form a group based on one edge node and include an end node having actual data; a second layer that performs data transmission as a gateway in an area where specific data is dense and includes an edge node configured by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV); a third layer including a cloud for receiving and storing all data of the end node and the edge node; and a side chain connecting a global chain configured by generating a global block by edge nodes of the second layer and a local chain configured by generating a local block by end nodes of the first layer do. Accordingly, the problem of capacity, efficiency, and privacy of the block chain has been solved.

Description

HIERARCHICAL BLOCKCHAIN SYSTEM BETWEEN EDGE AND CLOUD IN URBAN COMPUTING AND METHOD OF GENERATING THE SYSTEM

The present invention relates to a hierarchical blockchain system between the edge and the cloud in urban computing and a method for creating the system, and more particularly, utilizes an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to ensure data privacy and traceability. It is about the technology of an edge cloud system.

A hyper-connected society where everything such as people, things, space, and data is connected is coming, and services closely connected with cutting-edge ICT (Information & Communication Technology) are being provided. In addition, as various types of Internet of Things (IoT) devices are commercialized, the proportion of IoT in urban computing that forms a smart city by convergence of smart home networks is increasing.

Accordingly, there is a need to handle security threats existing in the existing ICT environment in IoT services as well. In particular, in urban computing that utilizes real-time data, it is essential to trace the flow of data collected through IoT devices to ensure data integrity.

In addition, if the collected data is manipulated, a serious security threat is caused, so data accuracy is required, and blockchain is emerging as a technology for this. However, blockchain also raises the need for data weight reduction due to the characteristic that all nodes must have the same data.

Recently, studies in connection with the cloud for processing large amounts of data in the block chain have been proposed, and in particular, a method of placing an edge node between the cloud and the node as a way to overcome the shortcomings of the centralized cloud is being studied.

Edge nodes are recognized as an alternative to solve the difficulties of real-time processing of the existing centralized cloud and the vulnerability of centralized systems to invasion of privacy.

However, since the cloud computing environment can be accessed by various users and terminals, measures for data traceability and confidentiality are required for data integrity.

KR 10-2042690 B1 WO 2020/116738 A1 KR 10-1657006 B1

Kim, Hyung-Sun, and Hong-Chul Lee. "Development of Edge Cloud Platform for IoT based Smart Factory Implementation." Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information 24.5 (2019): 49-58. Yunsu Jeong, Yongtae Kim, and Gilcheol Park. "User Privacy Management Model Using Multi-Group Elements Based on Blockchain." Journal of Convergence Information 8.5 (2018): 107-113.

Accordingly, the technical task of the present invention was conceived in this regard, and an object of the present invention is to provide a hierarchical blockchain system between the edge and the cloud in urban computing to ensure data privacy and traceability.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for creating a hierarchical blockchain system between the edge and the cloud in the urban computing.

The hierarchical block chain system between the edge and the cloud in urban computing according to an embodiment for realizing the object of the present invention is an end node in which IoT devices form a group based on one edge node and have actual data. a first layer comprising; a second layer that performs data transmission as a gateway in an area where specific data is dense and includes an edge node configured by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV); a third layer including a cloud for receiving and storing all data of the end node and the edge node; and a side chain connecting a global chain configured by generating a global block by edge nodes of the second layer and a local chain configured by generating a local block by end nodes of the first layer do.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the third layer may be an uppermost layer including a local block and a global block.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the first layer may use a local ledger that stores data generated by end nodes that are participants in the local chain.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the local ledger may include raw data.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the second layer may use a global ledger of a global chain in which edge nodes participate.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the global ledger may include metadata of a shared local block.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the side chain can connect the sub-chain using the metadata of the local block stored in the global ledger through the transaction of the global block generated by the edge nodes.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the cloud of the highest layer may include a ledger recording both local blocks and global blocks.

In the method of generating a hierarchical block chain system between the edge and the cloud in the urban computing according to an embodiment for realizing another object of the present invention, the edge-end nodes forming the first layer in the cloud system are local creating a local chain by creating a block (Local Block); generating a global chain by generating a global block by edge nodes configured by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) forming a second layer; receiving and storing all data of the end node and the edge node from the cloud forming the third layer; and forming a hierarchical block chain that connects the global chain and the local chain through global block transactions generated by edge nodes.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the step of forming the hierarchical block chain includes: generating a local ledger that stores data generated by end nodes that are participants in the local chain; generating a global ledger of a global chain in which edge nodes participate; and connecting the chain to the sub using the metadata of the local block stored in the global ledger through the transaction of the global block generated by the edge nodes.

According to the hierarchical blockchain system between the edge and the cloud in such urban computing, the data privacy problem in the main blockchain is solved by separately describing the local ledger shared in the local chain and the global ledger shared in the global chain, and IoT service It is possible to improve the performance of the system by solving the capacity problem of the blockchain and the blockchain.

In addition, since the cloud has a ledger that records both local and global blocks, data tracking in urban computing can be seamless.

1 is a diagram showing the structure of a hierarchical block chain system between an edge and a cloud in urban computing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a chain connection structure of a hierarchical block chain in the system of FIG. 1 .
3 is a flowchart of a method of creating a hierarchical block chain system between an edge and a cloud in urban computing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart for the steps of forming the hierarchical block chain of FIG. 3 .

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS [0012] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS [0010] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS [0010] Reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which show by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the present invention may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the present invention. It should be understood that the various embodiments of the present invention are different but need not be mutually exclusive. For example, certain shapes, structures, and characteristics described herein with respect to one embodiment may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, it should be understood that the location or arrangement of individual components within each disclosed embodiment may be changed without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the detailed description set forth below is not intended to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention, if properly described, is limited only by the appended claims, along with all scope equivalents as those claimed. Like reference numerals in the drawings refer to the same or similar functions throughout the various aspects.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

1 is a diagram showing the structure of a hierarchical block chain system between an edge and a cloud in urban computing according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In urban computing according to the present invention, the hierarchical blockchain system (1, hereinafter system) between the edge and the cloud proposes a system using a hierarchical blockchain based on the cloud and edge nodes.

In the system 1 of the present invention, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) serves as an edge node. In the existing urban computing, data is collected and utilized through IoT, so there is a problem that the location of the IoT device, which is the target of security, is not fixed. UAV has the advantage of being suitable for use as an edge node because it can collect and manage flexible IoT and user groups with high scalability and mobility.

IoT refers to a technology or environment in which data can be exchanged and used in real time through objects and sensors attached to them. IoT services based on the IoT environment do not require human manipulation and have the characteristics of enabling Internet communication and information exchange between objects. As IoT services become popular, security problems also arise. The security threat of IoT services is a problem according to the physical characteristics of IoT devices.

Since IoT is mainly implemented as a portable device, it has problems of low capacity and low power due to the limitation that it is smaller than general ICT devices. In particular, IoT security is important in urban computing made up of various IoT devices, and research on combining IoT and blockchain is currently being conducted to prevent DDoS attacks, which are vulnerabilities in the environment.

Blockchain is a distributed ledger processing technology that emerged along with the era of the 4th industrial revolution, and has high potential for use as an infrastructure technology for IoT. Due to the nature of the IoT, a distributed operation method of a peer-to-peer (P2P) structure that reduces the load on the server and enables autonomous data communication between objects is required rather than the centralized operation of the existing server-client structure. It is a technology that is attracting attention in

The blockchain is divided into a public blockchain in which anyone can freely participate in the network and a private blockchain in which only authorized people can participate in the network. Alternatively, blocks are generated using various consensus algorithms such as PBFT (Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance).

Blockchain has the characteristics of ensuring data reliability because data is verified through consensus of participants rather than a third party, and integrity is guaranteed because everyone has the same information. However, these characteristics of the block chain can lead to problems with the capacity and efficiency of the system, and since any network participant can check all transaction information, the privacy aspect is pointed out as a weakness.

In the present invention, paying attention to the physical and security limitations of IoT in urban computing, an edge-cloud system 1 using UAV is proposed to supplement the limitations of the existing IoT. In addition, we propose a hierarchical block chain structure in the system (1) proposed in the present invention to solve the problems of capacity, efficiency, and privacy of the existing block chain.

Referring to FIG. 1 , a system 1 according to the present invention consists of three layers: a first layer 10 , a second layer 20 , and a third layer 30 .

The first layer 10 includes end nodes 110 , 120 , and 130 in which IoT devices form a group based on one edge node. The end nodes 110 , 120 , and 130 are nodes having actual data, and exist by forming a group based on one edge node.

The end nodes 110 , 120 , and 130 may be, for example, a user's tablet, smart phone, smart watch, or notebook computer, and may be a device, an application, a terminal, or a user equipment (UE). , a mobile station (MS), a wireless device, a handheld device, and the like.

The second layer 20 is formed as an edge node configured by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).

The second layer 20 is composed of edge nodes configured by the UAV to be effectively applied to the real environment. The edge nodes serve to efficiently transmit data by serving as a gateway in an area where specific data is dense.

The third layer 30 is the highest layer, and consists of a cloud that receives and stores all data of the end node and the edge node, and has all data in the local and global areas.

The side chain is a global chain configured by generating a global block by edge nodes of the second layer 20 and a local block configured by generating a local block by end nodes of the first layer 10 connect the chain

Table 1 below is a brief description of the roles and side chains of the corresponding system (1) components.

role End node It is a node that has actual data and forms a group based on edge nodes. Edge node It serves as a gateway and efficient data transmission in an area where specific data is concentrated. Cloud As the top layer, it receives and stores all data from end nodes and edge nodes. Side chain It refers to a technology that makes it easy to transact data existing on different blockchains.

Since the cloud computing environment can be accessed by various users and terminals, measures for data traceability and confidentiality are required for data integrity.

The edge-cloud system 1 of the present invention can be supplemented with a hierarchical block chain as shown in FIG. 2 . Figure 2 shows the chain connection structure of a hierarchical blockchain.

In the second layer 20, each edge node creates a global block to form a global chain. Layer 3 end nodes create a local block to create a local chain, which is connected through a side chain.

A side chain is a technology that makes it easy to transact data existing on different blockchains. In other words, it is possible to access the local block through the side chain, which means that the data of the global block, which is the main block, can be lightened. This ultimately means improving the performance of the main blockchain. Also, the top layer, the cloud, has both local blocks and global blocks.

Since the system 1 can check all records through the cloud, data flow tracking can be performed smoothly in urban computing, which can ultimately ensure the integrity of data collected through IoT.

Meanwhile, blockchain is being applied in various fields due to its integrity and transparency. However, since the blockchain is decentralized, the trust of its members must be the basis for the system to be maintained. In such a situation, it is not easy to completely determine and guarantee the accuracy of the data in the blockchain system.

In particular, in an urban computing environment where all data is intelligent and affects all industries, data tracking and accuracy are considered the most necessary characteristics, so a plan to overcome the limitations of blockchain is needed.

In the present invention, a local ledger and a global ledger of a hierarchical block chain structure are proposed. The local ledger refers to the ledger that stores data generated by end nodes that are participants in the local chain. The data includes raw data that is not processed.

The global ledger is the ledger of the global chain in which edge nodes participate. Block data shared on the global ledger contains metadata of local blocks, and actual data can be accessed through this metadata.

As the transaction of the global block created by the edge nodes, the metadata of the local block is stored, so the chain can be connected as a sub, which means that it can be recorded in one ledger. Therefore, since it is not necessary to store multiple ledgers, it is possible to solve the capacity problem, which is a unique problem of the blockchain.

Finally, the top-tier cloud has a ledger that records both local and global blocks. In this system, data accuracy can be increased because real data is verified on the local chain, and data privacy issues that occur in the main blockchain can be solved by uploading metadata rather than actual data to the main blockchain.

In addition, since all information can be checked through the cloud ledger, data tracking can be performed smoothly as mentioned above.

With the development of information and communication technology, the importance of IoT devices for user convenience is increasing. In particular, it is important to prepare security measures suitable for IoT rather than applying existing security measures for security in urban computing composed of various IoT devices.

In the present invention, a privacy and traceability method in IoT service through an edge-cloud system is proposed. The edge-cloud system consists of an end node and local chain consisting of the first layer of IoT service, an edge node and global chain consisting of the UAV of the second layer, and the cloud of the third layer.

The system (1) of the present invention solves the data privacy problem in the main block chain by separately describing the local ledger shared in the local chain and the global ledger shared in the global chain, and solves the IoT service and block chain capacity problem. The system performance was improved. In addition, since the cloud has a ledger that records both local blocks and global blocks, data tracking in urban computing can be performed smoothly.

3 is a flowchart of a method for creating a hierarchical blockchain system between an edge and a cloud in urban computing according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a flowchart for the steps of forming the hierarchical blockchain of FIG. 3 .

The method of generating a hierarchical block chain system between the edge and the cloud in urban computing according to the present embodiment may proceed in substantially the same configuration as the system 1 of FIG. 1 . Accordingly, the same components as those of the system 1 of FIG. 1 are given the same reference numerals, and repeated descriptions are omitted.

Referring to FIG. 3 , in the method of creating a hierarchical block chain system between the edge and the cloud in urban computing according to the present embodiment, end nodes forming the first layer in the edge-cloud system create a local block. to create a local chain (step S10).

Edge nodes constituted by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) forming the second layer create a global block to create a global chain (step S20).

A hierarchical block that receives and stores all data of end nodes and edge nodes from the cloud forming the third layer (step S30), and connects the global chain and the local chain through global block transactions generated by edge nodes A chain is formed (step S40).

Referring to FIG. 4 , the step of forming the hierarchical block chain includes creating a local ledger that stores data generated by end nodes, which are participants in the local chain (step S31), and global in which edge nodes participate. A global ledger of the chain is created (step S33).

Thereafter, a hierarchical block chain is formed by connecting sub-chains using metadata of local blocks stored in the global ledger through global block transactions generated by edge nodes (step S35).

Such a method of creating a hierarchical block chain system between the edge and the cloud in urban computing can be implemented as an application or implemented in the form of program instructions that can be executed through various computer components and recorded in a computer-readable recording medium. have. The computer-readable recording medium may include program instructions, data files, data structures, etc. alone or in combination.

The program instructions recorded in the computer-readable recording medium are specially designed and configured for the present invention, and may be known and available to those skilled in the computer software field.

Examples of the computer-readable recording medium include hard disks, magnetic media such as floppy disks and magnetic tapes, optical recording media such as CD-ROMs and DVDs, and magneto-optical media such as floppy disks. media), and hardware devices specially configured to store and execute program instructions, such as ROM, RAM, flash memory, and the like.

Examples of program instructions include not only machine language codes such as those generated by a compiler, but also high-level language codes that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter or the like. The hardware device may be configured to operate as one or more software modules for carrying out the processing according to the present invention, and vice versa.

Although the above has been described with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art can variously modify and change the present invention within the scope without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention described in the claims below You will understand.

According to recent statistics, approximately 8.1 billion IoT devices were connected to the network and the Internet in 2018, and it is expected that 35 billion IoT devices will be used connected to the Internet by 2022. As IoT services become popular, security problems also arise. The security threat of IoT services is a problem according to the physical characteristics of IoT devices. The present invention proposes a hierarchical block chain structure to solve the capacity problems, efficiency and privacy issues of the existing block chain, so it is expected to be usefully utilized in the IoT market.

1: A hierarchical blockchain system between edge and cloud in urban computing
10: first layer
20: second layer
30: 3rd layer
110, 120, 130: end node

Claims (10)

a first layer in which IoT devices form a group based on one edge node and includes an end node having actual data;
a second layer that performs data transmission as a gateway in an area where specific data is dense and includes an edge node configured by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV);
a third layer including a cloud for receiving and storing all data of the end node and the edge node; and
a side chain connecting a global chain configured by generating a global block by the edge nodes of the second layer and a local chain configured by generating a local block by the end nodes of the first layer; and ,
The first layer uses a local ledger that stores data generated by end nodes that are participants in the local chain,
The second layer uses the global ledger of the global chain in which edge nodes participate, and the edge nodes serve as gateways and data transmission in areas where specific data is dense,
The global ledger includes metadata of shared local blocks,
The side chain is
A hierarchical blockchain system between the edge and the cloud in urban computing that connects sub-chains using metadata of local blocks stored in the global ledger through global block transactions generated by edge nodes.
According to claim 1, wherein the third layer,
A hierarchical blockchain system between the edge and the cloud in urban computing, which is the top layer containing local blocks and global blocks.
delete According to claim 1,
A hierarchical blockchain system between the edge and the cloud in urban computing, wherein the local ledger contains raw data.
delete delete delete The method of claim 1,
The top-tier cloud is a hierarchical blockchain system between the edge and the cloud in urban computing, which contains a ledger that records both local and global blocks.
end nodes forming the first layer in the edge-cloud system to generate a local block to create a local chain;
generating a global chain by generating a global block by edge nodes configured by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) forming a second layer;
receiving and storing all data of the end node and the edge node from the cloud forming the third layer; and
Including; forming a hierarchical block chain that connects the global chain and the local chain through the global block transaction generated by edge nodes;
generating a local ledger that stores data generated by end nodes that are participants in the local chain;
creating a global ledger of a global chain in which edge nodes participate; and
The edge nodes serve as gateways and data transmission in areas where specific data is dense,
A hierarchical block chain system between the edge and the cloud in urban computing, including: connecting the sub-chain using the metadata of the local block stored in the global ledger through the transaction of the global block generated by the edge nodes. How to create. delete

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