KR102405383B1 - Ultra-wideband antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

A UWB antenna is provided. The disclosed UWB antenna includes a substrate, a radiator formed on an upper portion of a surface of the substrate to transmit and receive UWB radio signals, a pair of ground planes formed on a lower portion of the surface of the substrate and separated from each other, and a first frequency band a pair of first resonators formed on an upper portion of the surface of the substrate and surrounded by a radiator to resist , wherein each of the pair of second resonators includes a pair of slots parallel to each other and a tuning capacitor formed adjacent to both of the pair of slots.

Description

Ultra-Wideband Antenna {ULTRA-WIDEBAND ANTENNA}

The present disclosure relates to an Ultra Wide Band (UWB) antenna.

Recently, as the spectrum shortage has deepened, there are various activities to solve it. In particular, UWB wireless communications received a lot of attention, with the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) allowing the sharing of the frequency range of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz (which is an unlicensed band for commercial UWB communications). became

In such a UWB communication system, Cognitive Radio (CR) technology may be utilized. The concept of CR communication is that the spectrum allocated to a licensed user (or primary user) is used by an unlicensed user (or secondary user) under the condition that the primary user is not affected. The three main paradigms of CR communication are interweave, overlay, and underlay based, respectively. In particular, it is necessary for the UWB antenna of the overlay-based CR communication device to detect a narrow band activated by the primary user and block the band in order to prevent interference to the primary user while functioning in the wide spectrum of UWB.

A UWB antenna is disclosed herein.

In an example, a UWB antenna includes: a substrate; a radiator formed on an upper portion of the surface of the substrate to transmit and receive UWB radio signals; a pair of ground planes formed on a lower portion of the surface of the substrate and separated from each other; a first resonator formed on an upper portion of a surface of the substrate and surrounded by a radiator to act as a fixed band notch filter for rejecting a first frequency band; A pair of second resonators formed on a lower portion of the surface of the substrate and each surrounded by a pair of ground planes to act as a tunable band notch filter that rejects a second frequency band (a pair of Each of the second resonators includes: a pair of slots parallel to each other; and a tuning capacitor formed adjacent to both of the pair of slots.

The previous summary is provided to introduce in a simplified form some aspects that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to delineate the scope of the claimed subject matter. Furthermore, claimed subject matter is not limited to implementations that provide any or all advantages discussed herein.

According to the present disclosure, a UWB antenna having a dual band notch characteristic may be provided.

According to the present disclosure, a tunable WLAN band notch UWB antenna with fixed WiMAX band rejection may be provided.

According to the present disclosure, a wireless communication device suitable for a UWB application for overlay-based cognitive radio (CR) communication may be provided.

1 schematically depicts an exemplary UWB antenna.
2 to 4 respectively show simulated and measured responses of the UWB antenna when the tuning capacitors of the UWB antenna of FIG. 1 have different capacitances.
FIG. 5 shows a simulated radiation pattern of the UWB antenna of FIG. 1 .
6 shows a simulated peak realized gain of the UWB antenna of FIG. 1 .
7 and 8 respectively show simulated radiation efficiency of the UWB antenna when the tuning capacitors of the UWB antenna of FIG. 1 have different capacitances.

Various terms used in the present disclosure are selected from terminology of common terms in consideration of their functions in this document, which may be differently recognized according to the intention of those skilled in the art, practice, or emergence of new technology. In certain instances, some terms may be given meanings as set forth in the Detailed Description. Accordingly, terms used in this document should be defined consistently with their meanings in the context of the present disclosure and not simply by their names.

In this document, the terms "comprise", "have" and the like are used when specifying the presence of an element listed hereinafter, such as a certain feature, number, step, operation, element, information, or combination thereof. Unless otherwise indicated, these terms and variations thereof are not intended to exclude the presence or addition of other elements.

As used herein, the terms "first", "second", etc. are intended to identify several elements that resemble each other. Unless otherwise indicated, such terms are not intended to impose limitations, such as the specific order of use of these elements or their use, but are merely used to refer to the various elements separately. For example, an element may be referenced in one example by the term “first” while the same element may be referenced in another example by a different ordinal number, such as “second” or “third”. In such instances, these terms do not limit the scope of the present disclosure. Also, use of the term “and/or” in a list of multiple elements includes all possible combinations of those listed, including any one or multiple of those listed. Furthermore, expressions of the singular form include the meaning of the plural unless clearly used otherwise.

Certain examples of the present disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the examples presented in this document. Rather, these examples are given to provide a better understanding of the scope of the present disclosure.

1 schematically depicts an exemplary UWB antenna 100 . 1 shows a plan view, a front view, and a partially enlarged view of the UWB antenna 100 together to explain an example of the geometry of the UWB antenna 100 . For example, the y-z plane and the x-z plane may be an E-plane and an H-plane of the UWB antenna 100 , respectively.

The UWB antenna 100 of FIG. 1 has a dual band notch characteristic, wherein a notch in one frequency band is fixed, while a notch in another frequency band may be frequency-agile. . In some examples, the UWB antenna 100 may operate for a fixed Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) band notch and an independently controllable Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) band notch. .

In the example of FIG. 1 , the UWB antenna 100 includes a substrate 110 , a radiator 120 , a first resonator 130 , a pair of ground planes 140-1 and 140-2; It includes a pair of second resonators 150 - 1 and 150 - 2 and a feedline 170 . The ground planes 140 - 1 and 140 - 2 may be individually indicated by reference number 140 , and the second resonators 150 - 1 and 150 - 2 may be individually indicated by reference number 150 .

In the illustrated example, the second resonator 150-1 includes a pair of slots 151-1 and 153-1 and a tuning capacitor 155-1, and the second resonator 150-2 includes a pair of slots. slots 151-2 and 153-2 and a tuning capacitor 155-2. The slots 151-1 and 151-2 included in the second resonators 150-1 and 150-2, respectively, may be individually denoted by reference numeral 151, and the second resonators 150-1 and 150-2. Slots 153-1 and 153-2 included in each may be individually denoted by reference numeral 153, and tuning capacitors 155-1 and 155 included in the second resonators 150-1 and 150-2, respectively. -2) may be individually denoted by reference number 155. Furthermore, each of the second resonators 150 - 1 and 150 - 2 may further include a respective one of the pair of additional capacitors 157 - 1 and 157 - 2 . Capacitors 157 - 1 and 157 - 2 may be individually denoted by reference numeral 157 .

Other example implementations of UWB antenna 100 are also contemplated. For example, the UWB antenna 100 may also include additional components not shown and/or may include some but not all of the components shown in FIG. 1 .

In the example of FIG. 1 , the substrate 110 is a support member of the UWB antenna 100 . In some example implementations, the substrate 110 may be an insulating member having a predetermined dielectric constant, and may have a planar shape having a predetermined thickness. For example, the substrate 110 may be a dielectric substrate having a relative permittivity of 3.38. Also, as an example, the substrate 110 may have a width of W ₁ =24 mm, a length of L ₁ + W ₈ =30.5 mm, and a thickness of 1.5 mm.

In the illustrated example, the radiator 120 is formed on the surface 112 of the substrate 110 , in particular on the upper portion of the surface 112 of the substrate 110 (ie, the portion located upward in the plan view), Transmits and receives UWB radio signals. In some example implementations, the radiator 120 may be formed of a conductive material, such as a metal. For example, the radiator 120 may be mounted in the form of a patch radiator such as a metal thin film (eg, a patch including a downward semicircular portion having a diameter W ₂ , as shown).

In the illustrated example, the feed line 170 is formed on the surface 112 of the substrate 110 , in particular on a lower portion of the surface 112 of the substrate 110 (ie, the portion located downward in the plan view). do. In some example implementations, the feed line 170 may extend from the bottom of the radiator 120 along a longitudinal line (eg, a longitudinal middle line) on the surface 112 of the substrate 110 . For example, as shown, the feed line 170 may have a width of W ₆ and a length of L ₁ - L ₂ + W ₈ .

In addition, in the example of FIG. 1 , the power supply line 170 is electrically coupled to the radiator 120 to serve as a transmission line for transmitting the UWB signal between the outside of the UWB antenna 100 and the radiator 120 . have. For example, the feeding line 170 may include a microstrip line having a characteristic impedance of 50Ω.

In the illustrated example, the pair of ground planes 140 - 1 and 140 - 2 are separated from each other and do not overlap with the radiator 120 formed on the upper portion of the surface 112 of the substrate 110 . ) is formed on the lower portion of the surface 112 . For example, as shown, each tread 140 is formed from a rectangular sheet (eg, W ₃ wide and W ₈ long) and an upper partial edge of such sheet. It may include a rectangular protrusion (eg, Y wide and L ₄ -W ₈ long) extending towards a downward semicircular portion of the radiator 120 . In some example implementations, the ground plane 140 may be formed of a conductive material, such as a metal.

Also, in the example of FIG. 1 , the pair of ground planes 140 - 1 and 140 - 2 are separated from the feed line 170 by the gaps 180 - 1 and 180 - 2 (which will be individually denoted by reference numeral 180 ). may be spaced apart by Each gap 180 may be an insulating gap that electrically insulates the ground plane 140 from the feed line 125 . For example, as shown, the gap 180 is formed between the ground plane 140 and the feed line 170 as a vertical line having a constant width G ₃ and exposes the surface 112 of the substrate 110. It may be a groove.

In the illustrated example, the first resonator 130 is formed on the upper portion of the surface 112 of the substrate 110 to block the first frequency band. The first frequency band may be a fixed frequency band (eg, a fixed WiMAX band such as 3.3 to 3.6 GHz), and thus the first resonator 130 may operate as a fixed band notch filter.

In some example implementations, the first resonator 130 may be formed inside the radiator 120 and surrounded by the radiator 120 . For example, the first resonator 130 may be formed by etching the radiator 120 in a predetermined pattern (eg, to expose the surface 112 of the substrate 110 ).

In some example implementations, the first resonator 130 has an effective length determined based on the relative permittivity (eg, 3.38) of the substrate 110 and the center frequency (eg, 3.5 GHz) of the first frequency band (eg, 3.5 GHz). It may include a slot resonator having a (slot resonator). For example, as shown, the first resonator 130 includes a pair of vertical slot lines parallel to each other (eg, each formed with a size of W ₁₁ × L ₅ ) and a transverse slot extending between the vertical slot lines. A line (eg, formed with a size of (2W ₉ + W ₁₀ ) × L ₇ ) and a pair of additional longitudinal slot lines parallel to each other and each extending through the transverse slot line (eg, a size of W ₁₁ × L ₆ ) ) and a pair of additional transverse slot lines that are parallel to each other and each extending between a corresponding end of one of the additional longitudinal slot lines and a corresponding end of the other additional longitudinal slot line (e.g., each of the dimensions W ₁₀ × L ₇ ) formed by ) may be included. This multipath shape of the first resonator 130 may contribute to miniaturization of the first resonator 130 (eg, compared to a simple square slot) and may improve radiation performance. In this example, the effective length L _i of the first resonator 130 may be given as follows.

이고,

이고, λ_g는 선택된 주파수에서의 관내 파장(guided wavelength)이고, c는 광속이고, ε_r 및 ε_eff는 각각 기판(110)의 비유전율 및 유효유전율(effective permittivity)이고, h는 기판(110)의 두께이고, w_f는 급전라인(170)의 폭이다. 예를 들어, 초기 길이가 선택된 후, 파라미터 시뮬레이션을 통해서 최적의 파라미터 값들이 획득되는 방식으로 제1 공진기(130)가 설계될 수 있다.here

ego,

, λ _g is the guided wavelength at the selected frequency, c is the luminous flux, ε _r and ε _eff are the relative permittivity and effective permittivity of the substrate 110 , respectively, and h is the substrate 110 . ), and w _f is the width of the feeding line 170 . For example, after the initial length is selected, the first resonator 130 may be designed in such a way that optimal parameter values are obtained through parameter simulation.

In the example of FIG. 1 , a pair of second resonators 150 - 1 and 150 - 2 are formed on a lower portion of the surface 112 of the substrate 110 to block the second frequency band. The second frequency band may be a tunable frequency band (eg, a desired WLAN band), and thus the second resonator 130 may operate as a tunable band notch filter.

As an example, assuming the second resonator 130 as a matched two-port filter, the second resonator 130 can be designed using the following series of equations (eg, the validity of the second resonator 150 ). length can be fixed). First, the reflection coefficient Γ can be given from the S parameter as follows.

이다. 그러면, 유효유전율 ε_eff 및 유효투자율(effective permeability) μ_eff과 관련하여 다음 식에서와 같이 값이 주어질 수 있다.here

to be. Then, in relation to the effective dielectric constant ε _eff and the effective permeability μ _eff , values can be given as in the following equations.

및

은 각각 기준 송신 라인의 특성 임피던스 및 공기 충진(air-filled) 기준 송신 라인의 특성 임피던스이다. 한편, 굴절률 n은 S 파라미터, 유효 길이 L 및 노치 주파수 f와 관련하여 다음 식과 같이 주어질 수 있다.here

and

are the characteristic impedance of the reference transmission line and the characteristic impedance of the air-filled reference transmission line, respectively. On the other hand, the refractive index n can be given by the following equation in relation to the S parameter, the effective length L, and the notch frequency f.

This value is related to the effective dielectric constant ε _eff and the effective magnetic permeability μ _eff as follows.

As such, since the second resonator 150 is not formed in the radiator 120 , it may be designed in a different approach from that of the first resonator 130 .

In some example implementations, each second resonator 150 may be formed within and surrounded by a respective ground plane 140 . For example, the second resonator 150 may be formed by etching the ground plane 140 in a predetermined pattern (eg, to expose the surface 112 of the substrate 110 ).

In some example implementations, the pair of slots 151 , 153 of the second resonator 150 may be parallel to each other. For example, as shown, each of a pair of slots 151 , 153 can be L-shaped in parallel with a width of G ₁ and G ₂ , with each of the slots 151 and 153 having a width and a slot ( The sum of the widths of the portions of the ground plane 140 between 151 and 153 may be X.

Also, in some example implementations, a tuning capacitor 155 may be formed adjacent both of the pair of slots 151 , 153 of the second resonator 150 . For example, as shown, the tuning capacitor 155 may be formed adjacent an end of the slot 151 and adjacent an end of the slot 153 .

In the particular example where the second resonator 150 has L-shaped parallel slots 151 , 153 , the slot 153 may include a longitudinal slot line and a transverse slot line, the longitudinal slot line being the tuning capacitor 155 . ) has an adjacently formed end and a connecting end from which a transverse slot line extends and extends longitudinally (e.g., by W ₇ as shown) between these ends, the transverse slot line extending transversely between such connecting end and the other end ( e.g. by W ₅ as shown). Also, likewise, in this example, the slot 151 may include a longitudinal slot line and a transverse slot line, the longitudinal slot line having an end formed adjacent to the tuning capacitor 155 and a connecting end from which the transverse slot line extends. and extending longitudinally between these ends, a transverse slot line extending transversely between such connecting end and the other end. Additionally, the longitudinal slot line of each of the slots 151 , 153 may extend into a rectangular sheet of the ground plane 140 , and the transverse slot line of each of the slots 151 , 153 may extend within the rectangular projection of the ground plane 140 . can be extended

In the example of FIG. 1 , the tuning capacitor 155 is adjustable to tune the second frequency band to be blocked. In various example implementations, the tuning capacitor 155 may have a variable capacitance to tune the second frequency band to a desired WLAN band. For example, the tuning capacitor 155 may have a variable capacitance to tune the second frequency band to either a lower WLAN band (eg, 5.15-5.35 GHz) or an upper WLAN band (eg, 5.725 to 5.825 GHz).

Additionally, in some example implementations, each capacitor 157 is adjacent to, eg, at an end of, one of the slots 151 , 153 of the respective second resonator 150 (eg, slot 151 ). may be formed adjacent to each other. For example, an additional capacitor 157 may be formed between the end of one of the slots 151 , 153 and the gap 180 . As an example, capacitor 157 may have a fixed capacitance (eg, a capacitance of 0.1 pF or greater).

Referring now to FIGS. 2-8 , the performance of the exemplary UWB antenna 100 is discussed. In the case of simulation and measurement for such performance evaluation, the UWB antenna 100 is implemented to have dimensions as shown in the following table.

First, FIG. 2 shows the S ₁₁ response of the UWB antenna 100 in simulations and measurements where the capacitance of the tuning capacitor 150 (which may also be denoted as “Cap2” herein) is 0.1 pF. The graph of FIG. 2 shows that the UWB antenna 100 operates in the UWB band, but the WiMAX band around 3.5 GHz is notched, and the other band centered at 7.1 GHz is notched. 3 and 4 then show the S ₁₁ response of the UWB antenna 100 in the simulation and measurement of adjusting Cap2. The graph of FIG. 3 shows that when Cap2 is increased to 0.8 pF, the center frequency of the other notch bands is shifted to 5.85 GHz (upper WLAN notch band) while there is still a WiMAX notch band that includes 3.5 GHz. The graph of FIG. 4 shows that when Cap2 is increased to 1.3 pF, the center frequency of another notch band is shifted to 5.45 GHz while maintaining the WiMAX notch band (lower WLAN notch band).

5 also exemplifies the radiation properties of the UWB antenna 100 in a simulation where Cap2 is 0.1 pF. Specifically, FIG. 5 shows radiation patterns at frequencies of 4.1 GHz, 6.1 GHz and 9.1 GHz. These graphs show a better radiation pattern at lower frequencies, where the degradation of the radiation pattern at higher frequencies is due to the creation of higher order harmonics.

Furthermore, Fig. 6 shows the peak realized gain of the UWB antenna 100 in the simulation where Cap2 is 0.1 pF. The graph of FIG. 6 shows the acceptable realized gain in the passband and the suppression due to destructive interference in the notched band.

Additionally, FIGS. 7 and 8 show the radiation efficiency of the UWB antenna 100 in simulations where Cap2 is 0.1 pF and 1.3 pF, respectively. The graphs in these figures show acceptable radiation efficiency in the passband and good suppression in the notched band. 7 and 8, in the simulation, the WiMAX notch band is fixed while the WLAN notch band is adjustable.

The following are various examples related to the UWB antenna.

In Example 1, an Ultra Wide Band (UWB) antenna includes a substrate, a radiator formed on an upper portion of a surface of the upper substrate to transmit and receive UWB radio signals, and a lower portion formed on a lower portion of the upper surface and separated from each other. a pair of ground planes, a first resonator formed on an upper upper portion of the upper surface to block a first frequency band and surrounded by an upper radiator, and formed on an upper lower portion of the upper surface to block a second frequency band and a pair of second resonators each surrounded by the pair of ground planes, wherein each of the pair of second resonators includes a pair of slots parallel to each other and both of the pair of slots and a tuning capacitor formed adjacent to .

Example 2 includes the subject matter of Example 1, wherein the tuning capacitor is adjustable to tune the second frequency band.

Example 3 includes the subject matter of Examples 1 or 2, wherein the tuning capacitor has a variable capacitance to tune the second frequency band to a desired Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) band.

Example 4 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1-3, wherein the tuning capacitor is configured to tune the second frequency band to either a lower Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) band or an upper WLAN band. It has variable capacitance.

Example 5 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1-4, wherein the tuning capacitor is formed adjacent an end of each of the pair of slots.

Example 6 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1-5, wherein each of the pair of slots is L-shaped.

Example 7 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1-6, wherein each of the pair of slots comprises: a first slot line extending longitudinally between the connecting end and an end formed adjacently of the tuning capacitor; and a second slot line extending transversely between the connecting end and the remaining end.

Example 8 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1-7, further comprising a feed line formed on an upper lower portion of the upper surface and electrically coupled to the upper radiator, each of the pair of ground planes of are spaced apart by respective gaps from the upper feed line.

Example 9 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1-8, wherein each of the pair of second resonators further comprises a respective one of a pair of additional capacitors, wherein each of the pair of second resonators further comprises a respective one of the pair of additional capacitors. One slot of the pair of slots includes a first end formed adjacent the tuning capacitor and a second end formed adjacent the respective additional capacitor.

Example 10 includes the subject matter of Example 8, wherein each of the pair of second resonators has an additional capacitor formed between an end of a slot of one of the pair of slots of each second resonator and the respective gap. do.

Example 11 includes the subject matter of Example 10, wherein the additional capacitor has a fixed capacitance.

Example 12 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1-11, wherein the first frequency band is a fixed WiMAX band.

Example 13 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1-12, wherein the first resonator has an effective length determined based on a relative permittivity of the substrate and a center frequency of the first frequency band. It includes a slot resonator having

Example 14 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1-13, wherein the first resonator comprises a pair of longitudinal slot lines parallel to each other and a transverse slot line extending between the pair of longitudinal slot lines; A pair of additional longitudinal slot lines parallel to each other (each one of the pair of additional longitudinal slot lines extending through the transverse slot line) and a pair of additional transverse slot lines parallel to each other (a pair of additional transverse slot lines extending therethrough) each one of the slot lines extends between a respective end of one additional longitudinal slot line of the pair of additional longitudinal slot lines and a respective end of another additional longitudinal slot line of the pair of additional longitudinal slot lines) .

Example 15 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1-14, wherein the radiator comprises a downwardly semicircular portion surrounding the first resonator, each of the pair of ground planes comprising: a rectangular sheet; a rectangular protrusion extending from an upper partial edge of the upper rectangular sheet toward an upper downward semicircular portion, each one of the pair of slots having a longitudinal slot line extending into the upper rectangular sheet; and a transverse slot line extending within the rectangular projection.

In Example 16, the wireless communication apparatus includes the UWB antenna of any of Examples 1-15.

Example 17 includes the subject matter of Example 16, wherein the wireless communication device performs overlay-based cognitive radio (CR) communication.

The foregoing description has been presented to illustrate and describe some examples in detail. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In various instances, the techniques described above are performed in a different order, and/or some of the components of the systems, architectures, devices, circuits and the like described above are combined or combined in different ways, replaced by other components or equivalents thereof, or Appropriate results can be achieved even if substituted.

Therefore, the scope of the present disclosure should not be limited to the form disclosed, but should be defined by the following claims and their equivalents.

100: ultra-wideband antenna
110: substrate
120: emitter
130: first resonator
140-1, 140-2: ground plane
150-1, 150-2: second resonator

Claims (12)

An Ultra Wide Band (UWB) antenna comprising:
board and
a radiator formed on an upper portion of the surface of the substrate to transmit and receive UWB radio signals;
a pair of ground planes formed on a lower portion of the surface and separated from each other;
a first resonator formed on the upper portion of the surface to block a first frequency band and surrounded by the radiator;
a pair of second resonators formed on the lower portion of the surface to reject a second frequency band and each surrounded by the pair of ground planes, each of the pair of second resonators comprising:
a pair of slots parallel to each other;
a tuning capacitor formed adjacent to both of the pair of slots, each of the pair of slots comprising:
a first slot line extending longitudinally between the connecting end and the adjacently formed end of the tuning capacitor;
a second slot line extending transversely between the connecting end and the other end;
UWB antenna. The method of claim 1,
the tuning capacitor is adjustable to tune the second frequency band;
UWB antenna. According to claim 1,
the tuning capacitor has a variable capacitance to tune the second frequency band to either a lower Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) band or an upper WLAN band;
UWB antenna. The method of claim 1,
wherein the tuning capacitor is formed adjacent an end of each of the pair of slots;
UWB antenna. delete The method of claim 1,
a feed line formed on the lower portion of the surface and electrically coupled to the radiator, wherein each of the pair of ground planes is spaced from the feed line by a respective gap;
UWB antenna. 7. The method of claim 6,
each of the pair of second resonators further comprising an additional capacitor formed between the respective gap and an end of one of the pair of slots of the respective second resonator.
UWB antenna. 8. The method of claim 7,
wherein the additional capacitor has a fixed capacitance;
UWB antenna. The method of claim 1,
The first frequency band is a fixed WiMAX (WiMAX) band,
UWB antenna. The method of claim 1,
The first resonator is
a pair of vertical slot lines parallel to each other;
a horizontal slot line extending between the pair of vertical slot lines;
a pair of additional longitudinal slot lines parallel to each other, each one of the pair of additional longitudinal slot lines extending through the transverse slot line;
a pair of additional transverse slot lines parallel to each other, each of the pair of additional transverse slot lines having a respective end of one additional longitudinal slot line of the pair of additional longitudinal slot lines and the pair of additional longitudinal slot lines extending between respective ends of other additional longitudinal slot lines in the line;
UWB antenna. According to claim 1,
The radiator includes a downwardly semicircular portion surrounding the first resonator, each of the pair of ground planes having a rectangular sheet, and from an upper partial edge of the rectangular sheet toward the downwardly semicircular portion a rectangular protrusion extending therein, each slot of the pair of slots comprising a longitudinal slot line extending into the rectangular sheet and a transverse slot line extending within the rectangular sheet;
UWB antenna. 12. A wireless communication device comprising the UWB antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and 6 to 11.

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