KR102383633B1 - Grouting method using ultra-microfine ultra-fine silica base grouting material for order and reinforcement grouting - Google Patents

Grouting method using ultra-microfine ultra-fine silica base grouting material for order and reinforcement grouting Download PDF

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KR102383633B1
KR102383633B1 KR1020210142967A KR20210142967A KR102383633B1 KR 102383633 B1 KR102383633 B1 KR 102383633B1 KR 1020210142967 A KR1020210142967 A KR 1020210142967A KR 20210142967 A KR20210142967 A KR 20210142967A KR 102383633 B1 KR102383633 B1 KR 102383633B1
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grouting
weight
water
ultra
grout
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김진춘
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주식회사 한국지오텍
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
    • C09K17/12—Water-soluble silicates, e.g. waterglass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
    • C04B14/04—Silica-rich materials; Silicates
    • C04B14/06—Quartz; Sand
    • C04B14/062—Microsilica, e.g. colloïdal silica
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/0076—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials characterised by the grain distribution
    • C04B20/008—Micro- or nanosized fillers, e.g. micronised fillers with particle size smaller than that of the hydraulic binder
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/04—Portland cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/70—Grouts, e.g. injection mixtures for cables for prestressed concrete

Abstract

The present invention relates to water-repellent and reinforcing grouting used for water-repellent and reinforcing grouting in construction such as water-repellent and reinforcing construction, temporary facility water-repellent and reinforcing construction, reservoir and embankment water-repellent and reinforcing construction, soft ground water-repellent and reinforcing construction, slope reinforcing construction, and foundation ground water-reinforcing construction as an auxiliary construction method among ground and underground tunnel excavation construction, which corresponds to a field where grouting is applied. When a grouting material is a suspension, the grouting material is manufactured by mixing 85 to 90 wt% of grout + water and 10 to 15 wt% of an additive based on a total of 100 wt% of the grouting material, the grouting material manufactured such that a mixing ratio (w/c) of grout (c) and water (w) is 1 to 1.5 is applied to water-repellent and reinforcing grouting to perform the grouting, so that problems such as a high volume reduction rate, low strength, low permeability and injectability, high leaching, and low environmental friendliness of grouting materials, which are problems in conventional grouting, are solved.

Description

차수 및 보강 그라우팅을 위한 극마이크로파인 극미립실카베이스 그라우팅 재료를 이용한 그라우팅공법{Grouting method using ultra-microfine ultra-fine silica base grouting material for order and reinforcement grouting}Grouting method using ultra-microfine ultra-fine silica base grouting material for order and reinforcement grouting

본 발명은 그라우팅이 적용되는 분야인 지상 및 지하의 터널굴착공사 중 보조공법으로서 차수·보강, 가시설 차수·보강, 저수지 및 방조제 차수·보강, 연약지반 차수·보강, 사면보강, 기초지반 보강 등의 공사에서 차수 및 보강 그라우팅을 위해 활용하기 위한 차수 및 보강 그라우팅에 관한 것으로서, 특히, 기존 그라우팅에서 문제가 되는 그라우팅 재료의 고 체적감소율, 저 강도성, 저 침투주입성, 고 용탈성, 저 환경친화성 등의 문제점을 해결하기 위한 차수 및 보강 그라우팅을 위한 극마이크로파인 극미립실리카베이스 그라우팅 재료를 이용한 그라우팅 공법에 관한 것이다.The present invention is an auxiliary method of ground and underground tunnel excavation construction, which is a field to which grouting is applied. It is related to the grade and reinforcement grouting for use for grade and reinforcement grouting in construction, and in particular, high volume reduction rate, low strength, low penetration, high dissolution, and low environmental friendliness of the grouting material, which is a problem in existing grouting. It relates to a grouting method using a microfine silica-based grouting material that is ultra-microwave for order and reinforcement grouting to solve problems such as formation.

그라우팅(Grouting)이란 유동하는 다양한 재료(그라우트; grouts)를 이용하여 압력을 가하여 지반 속으로 주입시켜 차수 및 보강을 하는 작업을 통칭한다.Grouting is a generic term for the work of watering and reinforcing by injecting into the ground by applying pressure using various flowing materials (grouts).

기존 그라우팅 재료의 문제점은 고 체적감소율, 저 강도성, 저 침투주입성, 고 용탈성, 저 환경친화성 등인데, 이들 문제점 중 어느 하나 혹은 종합적으로 작용하여 그라우팅 공사의 부실시공을 초래하고 있다.The problems of existing grouting materials are high volume reduction rate, low strength, low penetration and injection, high dissolution and low environmental friendliness.

따라서, 상기와 같은 문제점들 등을 해결하기 위하여 한 가지 방법으로 새로운 그라우팅 재료개발이 활발히 이뤄지고 있는 실정이다.Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, the development of a new grouting material is being actively performed as a method.

선행기술에 의하면 다양한 문제를 해결하기보다는 주로 어느 한가지의 문제를 해결하기 위한 재료개발 특허가 개시되어 있으나 그 문제도 완전히 해결하지는 못하는 실정이다.According to the prior art, material development patents for mainly solving one problem rather than solving various problems are disclosed, but the problem cannot be completely solved either.

등록특허 제10-2117657호는 무기계 분말을 이용하여 용탈 현상을 방지하고자 하였으나, 주로 차수를 위해 사용하는 반현탁액 즉, 규산 소다(3호)를 A액으로 사용하는 방법에서는 여전히 용탈의 문제를 완화시키지 못하고 있다.Registered Patent No. 10-2117657 tried to prevent leaching by using inorganic powder, but the method using a semi-suspension solution mainly used for watering, that is, sodium silicate (No. 3) as solution A, still alleviates the problem of leaching. can't do it

또한, 등록특허 제10-1991663호는 고분자 급결제를 사용하여 용탈 현상, 환경문제, 낮은 급결속도 등을 개선할 목적으로 개발되어 있으나, 주로 차수를 위해 사용하는 반현탁액을 이용한 그라우팅 방법에만 적용되는 단점이 있다.In addition, Patent Registration No. 10-1991663 has been developed for the purpose of improving the leaching phenomenon, environmental problems, and low rapid setting speed by using a polymer quick-setting agent, but is applied only to the grouting method using a semi-suspension solution mainly used for washing. There are disadvantages.

대한민국 등록특허 제10-2117657호Republic of Korea Patent No. 10-2117657 대한민국 등록특허 제10-1991663호Republic of Korea Patent Registration No. 10-1991663

따라서 본 발명은 상기와 같은 일반적인 그라우팅 방법에서 발생하는 문제 및 종래기술에서 발생하는 제반 문제점을 해결하기 위해서 제안된 것으로서, 기존 그라우팅에서 문제가 되는 그라우팅 재료의 고 체적감소율, 저 강도성, 저 침투주입성, 고 용탈성, 저 환경친화성 등을 해결하기 위한 차수 및 보강 그라우팅을 위한 극마이크로파인 극미립실리카베이스 그라우팅 재료를 이용한 그라우팅 공법을 제공하려는데 그 목적이 있다.Therefore, the present invention has been proposed to solve the problems that occur in the general grouting method as described above and the various problems that occur in the prior art. An object of the present invention is to provide a grouting method using a microfine silica-based grouting material, which is an ultra-microwave for reinforcing grouting, and for reinforcing grouting to solve the problem of entry, high dissolution, and low environmental friendliness.

상기한 바와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위하여, 본 발명에 따른 "차수 및 보강 그라우팅을 위한 극마이크로파인 극미립실리카베이스 그라우팅 재료를 이용한 그라우팅 공법"은,In order to achieve the object as described above, "a grouting method using an ultra-microfine ultra-fine silica base grouting material for order and reinforcement grouting" according to the present invention,

그라우팅 재료가 현탁액일 경우, 전체 100 중량%에 그라우트+물 85 ~ 90 중량%와 첨가제 10 ~ 15 중량%를 혼합하여 제조되고, 그라우트(c)와 물(w)의 배합비(w/c)가 1 ~ 1.5로 제조되는 그라우팅 재료를 차수 및 보강 그라우팅에 적용하여 그라우팅을 수행하는 것을 특징으로 한다.When the grouting material is a suspension, it is prepared by mixing 85 to 90% by weight of grout + water and 10 to 15% by weight of an additive to 100% by weight of the total, and the mixing ratio (w/c) of grout (c) and water (w) is It is characterized in that the grouting is performed by applying the grouting material manufactured in 1-1.5 to the order and reinforcement grouting.

그라우팅 재료가 반현탁액일 경우, 전체 100 중량%에 1액인 특수규산 + 물과 2액인 그라우트 + 물로 혼합제조된 90 ~ 95 중량%와 첨가제 5 ~ 10 중량%를 혼합하여 제조되고, 전체 100 중량%에 1액과 2액을 각각 50%의 중량으로 혼합하여 그라우팅 재료를 제조하고, 상기 1액은 특수규산(s)과 물(w)의 배합비(w/s)가 1 ~ 1.5로 제조되며, 2액은 그라우트(c)와 물(w)의 배합비(w/c)가 1 ~ 1.5로 제조되며, 제조된 1액과 2액을 혼합하여 약 7시간 양생 후 측정된 호모겔의 일축 압축강도가 일반관리기준인 20kg/cm2 이상이 되고 체적감소율은 0.1% 이내가 되는 그라우팅 재료를 차수 및 보강 그라우팅에 적용하여 그라우팅을 수행하는 것을 특징으로 한다.When the grouting material is a semi-suspension, it is prepared by mixing 90 to 95% by weight of special silicic acid as one liquid + water and grout as two liquids + water and 5 to 10% by weight of additives to 100% by weight of the total, and total 100% by weight A grouting material is prepared by mixing the 1st and 2nd solutions at a weight of 50%, respectively, and the 1st solution has a special silicic acid (s) and water (w) mixing ratio (w/s) of 1 to 1.5, The second solution has a mixing ratio (w/c) of 1 to 1.5 of grout (c) and water (w), and the uniaxial compressive strength of the homogel measured after mixing the prepared solution 1 and 2 and curing for about 7 hours It is characterized in that the grouting is performed by applying the grouting material, which is 20kg/cm 2 or more, the general management standard, and the volume reduction rate is within 0.1%, to the order and reinforcement grouting.

상기에서 첨가제는 전체 100 중량%에 이산화규소 86 중량%, 삼산화황 2.1 중량%, 염소 0.5 중량%, 유리 석회 0.9 중량%, 유리 규소 0.5 중량%, 강열감량 3.9 중량%를 포함하여 제조되는 것을 특징으로 한다.In the above, the additive is silicon dioxide in 100% by weight of the total 86% by weight, sulfur trioxide 2.1% by weight, chlorine 0.5% by weight, free lime 0.9% by weight, free silicon 0.5% by weight, characterized in that it is prepared including 3.9% by weight loss on ignition.

상기에서 첨가제는 비표면적 최소 14.5m2/g 에서 최대 35.5m2/g 이내, 포졸란 활동지수 최소 100.5% 이내, 건조질량분 50.2±3% 이내의 특징을 가지도록 제조되는 것을 특징으로 한다.In the above, the additive has a specific surface area of at least 14.5 m 2 /g and a maximum of 35.5 m 2 /g, within a pozzolan activity index of at least 100.5%, and a dry mass content of 50.2±3%.

상기에서 그라우트는 전체 100 중량%에 분말도가 8,500 ~ 9,000 ㎠/g인 극마이크로시멘트 70 ~ 80 중량%와 입도가 2 ~ 6㎛ 이내인 극미립실리카 분말 20 ~ 30 중량%로 제조되는 것을 특징으로 한다.In the above, the grout is made of 70 to 80% by weight of ultra-micro cement having a fineness of 8,500 to 9,000 cm2/g and 20 to 30% by weight of ultra-fine silica powder having a particle size of 2 to 6 μm to 100% by weight of the total. do it with

상기 특수규산은 활성실리카계이며 전체 100 중량%에 Na2O 함유량이 6 ~ 7 중량%으로 제조되는 것을 특징으로 한다.The special silicic acid is active silica-based, and it is characterized in that it is prepared in an amount of 6 to 7% by weight of Na 2 O to 100% by weight of the total.

본 발명의 차수 및 보강 그라우팅을 위한 그라우팅 재료 및 제조방법에 의하면, 기존 그라우팅에서 문제가 되는 그라우팅 재료의 고 체적감소율, 저 강도성, 저 침투주입성, 고 용탈성, 저 환경친화성 등의 문제점들을 개선하는 효과가 있다.According to the grouting material and manufacturing method for order and reinforcing grouting of the present invention, problems such as high volume reduction rate, low strength, low penetration injection, high dissolution property, low environmental friendliness, etc. of the grouting material, which are problems in conventional grouting have the effect of improving them.

도 1은 본 발명에 의해 제조된 그라우팅 재료와 일반 재료의 호모겔시편의 조성물 및 제조방법 비교표,
도 2는 본 발명에 의해 제조된 그라우팅 재료와 일반 재료의 호모겔 강도실험의 비교표,
도 3은 본 발명에 의해 제조된 그라우팅 재료와 일반 재료의 호모겔 일축 압축강도 비교 그래프,
도 4는 침투 주입성 실험을 위한 본 발명에 의해 제조된 그라우팅 재료와 일반 재료의 비교도,
도 5는 본 발명에 의해 제조된 그라우팅 재료와 일반 재료의 침투 주입성 비교 실험 결과 그래프,
도 6은 본 발명에 적용된 특수규산의 품질검사 성적서,
도 7은 본 발명에서 어독성 시험을 위한 그라우팅 재료의 제조 예시도,
도 8은 본 발명에서 제조된 그라우팅 재료를 이용하여 어독성을 시험한 시험 결과 그래프,
도 9는 본 발명에서 현장시험시공에 사용된 그라우팅 재료의 제조 예시도,
도 10은 본 발명에 의해 제조된 그라우팅 재료를 특정 터널에 시험시공한 현장 사진도,
도 11은 그라우트재 주입 전의 주수시험 평가 결과도,
도 12는 그라우트재 주입 전 지하수유입량 평가 결과표,
도 13은 절리의 간격 평가 결과표,
도 14는 그라우팅 압력 평가 결과표,
도 15는 팩커의 제거 강도 평가 결과표,
도 16은 팩커의 제거시간 평가 그래프,
도 17은 본 발명에 의해 제조된 그라우트재 주입 후 루전시험 결과표,
도 18은 본 발명에 의해 제조된 그라우트재 주입 후 지하수유입량 평가 결과표,
도 19는 본 발명에 의해 제조된 현탁액 성능 확인 검증을 위한 특정 저수지 현장시험시공 현장 사진도,
도 20은 현장시험시공에 사용된 본 발명에 의해 제조된 그라우팅 재료의 제조 예시도,
도 21은 현장투수계수시험을 통한 본 발명에 의해 제조된 현탄액의 성능검증표,
도 22는 표준관입시험을 통한 본 발명에 의해 제조된 현탄액의 성능검증표,
도 23은 시공 후 페놀프탈레인 반응시험 결과 사진도,
도 24는 시공 전 전기비저항 탐사시험 결과 그래프,
도 25는 시공 후 전기비저항 탐사시험 결과 그래프이다.1 is a comparison table of the composition and manufacturing method of a homogel specimen of a grouting material and a general material prepared by the present invention;
Figure 2 is a comparison table of the homogel strength test of the grouting material and the general material manufactured by the present invention;
3 is a graph comparing the uniaxial compressive strength of the homogel of the grouting material and the general material manufactured by the present invention;
Figure 4 is a comparison view of the grouting material and the general material prepared by the present invention for the penetration injection test,
Figure 5 is a graph of the results of comparison experiments for penetration injection of grouting materials and general materials manufactured by the present invention;
6 is a quality inspection report of special silicic acid applied to the present invention;
7 is an exemplary view of the preparation of the grouting material for the fish toxicity test in the present invention;
8 is a graph of the test result of testing fish toxicity using the grouting material prepared in the present invention;
9 is an exemplary view of the manufacturing of the grouting material used in the field test construction in the present invention,
10 is a field photograph of the grouting material manufactured according to the present invention tested in a specific tunnel;
11 is a water test evaluation result before grout material injection,
12 is a table of groundwater inflow evaluation results before grout material injection;
13 is a table of evaluation results of gaps in joints;
14 is a grouting pressure evaluation result table,
15 is a packer removal strength evaluation result table;
16 is a graph of the removal time evaluation of the packer;
17 is a loos test result table after injection of the grout material manufactured by the present invention;
18 is a table of groundwater inflow evaluation results after injection of grout material manufactured by the present invention;
19 is a photo of a specific reservoir field test construction site for verifying the performance of the suspension manufactured by the present invention;
20 is a manufacturing example of the grouting material manufactured by the present invention used for field test construction;
21 is a performance verification table of the suspension prepared by the present invention through a field permeability test,
22 is a performance verification table of the suspension prepared by the present invention through a standard penetration test;
23 is a photograph of the phenolphthalein reaction test result after construction;
24 is a graph of electrical resistivity exploration test results before construction;
25 is a graph showing the results of the electrical resistivity exploration test after construction.

이하 본 발명의 바람직한 실시 예에 따른 차수 및 보강 그라우팅을 위한 극마이크로파인 극미립실카베이스 그라우팅 재료를 이용한 그라우팅 공법을 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 상세하게 설명한다.Hereinafter, a grouting method using a micro-microwave micro-fine silica base grouting material for order and reinforcement grouting according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

이하에서 설명되는 본 발명에 사용된 용어나 단어는 통상적이거나 사전적인 의미로 한정해서 해석되어서는 안 되며, 발명자는 그 자신의 발명을 가장 최선의 방법으로 설명하기 위해 용어의 개념으로 적절하게 정의할 수 있다는 원칙에 입각하여 본 발명의 기술적 사상에 부합하는 의미와 개념으로 해석되어야만 한다.The terms or words used in the present invention described below should not be construed as being limited to conventional or dictionary meanings, and the inventor may appropriately define the concept of terms to describe his invention in the best way. It should be interpreted as meaning and concept consistent with the technical idea of the present invention based on the principle that it can be.

따라서 본 명세서에 기재된 실시 예와 도면에 도시된 구성은 본 발명의 바람직한 실시 예에 불과할 뿐이고, 본 발명의 기술적 사상을 모두 대변하는 것은 아니므로, 본 출원 시점에서 이들을 대체할 수 있는 다양한 균등물과 변형 예들이 있을 수 있음을 이해하여야 한다.Accordingly, the embodiments described in this specification and the configurations shown in the drawings are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not represent all of the technical spirit of the present invention, so various equivalents and It should be understood that there may be variations.

본 발명은 기존 그라우팅에서 문제가 되는 그라우팅 재료의 고 체적감소율, 저 강도성, 저 침투주입성, 고 용탈성, 저 환경친화성 등을 해결하기 위해, 차수 및 보강 그라우팅을 위한 극마이크로파인 극미립실리카베이스 그라우팅 재료를 제조하고 이를 이용한 그라우팅 방법을 제안한다.The present invention is an ultra-microfine micro-fine particle for order and reinforcement grouting in order to solve problems such as high volume reduction rate, low strength, low penetration, high dissolution, and low environmental friendliness of grouting materials, which are problems in conventional grouting. A silica-based grouting material is prepared and a grouting method using the same is proposed.

그라우팅 재료의 제조는 현탁액과 반현탁액의 2가지 방법을 제안하며, 제조된 그라우팅 재료를 이용하여 차수 및 보강 그라우팅을 수행한다.For the production of the grouting material, two methods of suspension and semi-suspension are proposed, and order and reinforcement grouting is performed using the prepared grouting material.

먼저, 그라우팅 재료가 현탁액일 경우, 전체 100 중량%에 그라우트 + 물 85 ~ 90 중량%와 첨가제 10 ~ 15 중량%를 혼합하여 제조되고, 그라우트(c)와 물(w)의 배합비(w/c)가 1 ~ 1.5로 제조한다.First, when the grouting material is a suspension, it is prepared by mixing 85 to 90% by weight of grout + water and 10 to 15% by weight of an additive to 100% by weight of the total, and the mixing ratio (w/c) of grout (c) and water (w) ) is 1 to 1.5.

그라우팅 재료가 반현탁액일 경우, 전체 100 중량%에 1액인 특수규산 + 물과 2액인 그라우트 + 물로 혼합제조된 90 ~ 95 중량%와 첨가제 5 ~ 10 중량%를 혼합하여 제조되고, 전체 100 중량%에 1액과 2액을 각각 50%의 중량으로 혼합하여 제조한다. 여기서, 1액은 특수규산(s)과 물(w)의 배합비(w/s)가 1 ~ 1.5로 제조하며, 2액은 그라우트(c)와 물(w)의 배합비(w/c)가 1 ~ 1.5로 제조된다.When the grouting material is a semi-suspension, it is prepared by mixing 90 to 95% by weight of special silicic acid as one liquid + water and grout as the second liquid + water and 5 to 10% by weight of the additive to 100% by weight of the total, 100% by weight of the total It is prepared by mixing the 1st and 2nd solutions in a weight of 50%, respectively. Here, the first solution is prepared with a mixing ratio (w/s) of 1 to 1.5 of special silicic acid (s) and water (w), and the second solution has a mixing ratio (w/c) of grout (c) and water (w). Manufactured from 1 to 1.5.

상기 첨가제는 전체 100 중량%에 이산화규소 86중량%, 삼산화황 2.1중량%, 염소 0.5중량%, 유리 석회 0.9중량%, 유리 규소 0.5중량%, 강열감량 3.9중량%을 포함하여 혼합 제조한다.The additive is silicon dioxide in 100% by weight of the total 86% by weight, sulfur trioxide 2.1% by weight, chlorine 0.5% by weight, free lime 0.9% by weight, free silicon 0.5% by weight, including 3.9% by weight loss on ignition is prepared by mixing.

상기 첨가제는 비표면적 최소 14.5m2/g에서 최대 35.5m2/g 이내, 포졸란 활동지수 최소 100.5% 이내, 건조질량분 50.2±3% 이내의 특징을 가지도록 제조된다.The additive is manufactured to have a specific surface area of at least 14.5 m 2 /g and within a maximum of 35.5 m 2 /g, a pozzolan activity index of at least 100.5%, and a dry mass content of within 50.2±3%.

상기 그라우트는 전체 100 중량%에 분말도가 8,500 ~ 9,000 ㎠/g인 극마이크로시멘트 70 ~ 80중량%와 입도가 2 ~ 6㎛ 이내인 극미립실리카 분말 20 ~ 30중량%로 혼합하여 제조된다.The grout is prepared by mixing 70 to 80% by weight of micro-cement having a fineness of 8,500 to 9,000 cm2/g and 20 to 30% by weight of micro-fine silica powder having a particle size of 2 to 6 μm to 100% by weight of the total.

상기 특수규산은 활성실리카계이며 전체 100중량%에 Na2O 함유량이 6 ~ 7중량%로 제조된다.The special silicic acid is an active silica type, and the Na 2 O content is prepared in an amount of 6 to 7% by weight to 100% by weight of the total.

본 발명의 재료 및 제조방법의 주 작용원리는 현탁액에서는 극마이크로파인시멘트, 풍부한 극미립실리카질 재료, 연기와 같은 입자크기인 극미립실리카베이스 첨가제가 강력한 포졸란 반응으로 결합되는 원리이며, 반현탁액에서는 현탁액 재료에다가 특수규산의 NaOH 알카리 재료 등이 혼합하여 급속히 결합되고 점차 포졸란 반응이 지속적으로 유지된다. 따라서, 본 발명의 재료 조성물 및 제조방법에 의해 현탁액 및 반현탁액 모두 저 체적감소율, 고 강도성, 고 침투주입성, 저 용탈성, 고 환경친화성 등의 성능을 확보할 수 있다.The main principle of action of the material and manufacturing method of the present invention is that in suspension, microfine cement, abundant microfine silica material, and microfine silica base additive having the same particle size as smoke are combined by a strong pozzolan reaction, and in semi-suspension In addition to the suspension material, NaOH alkali material of special silicic acid is mixed so that it is rapidly combined and the pozzolan reaction is continuously maintained. Therefore, both suspension and semi-suspension solutions can secure performance such as low volume reduction rate, high strength, high penetrability, low dissolution property, and high environmental friendliness by the material composition and manufacturing method of the present invention.

체적감소율 비교실험에서는 호모겔 시편을 제조함에 있어, 1액은 특수규산 + 물, 2액은 그라우트+ 물이며, 1액과 2액은 각각 50중량%로 조성되며 첨가제 10중량%을 혼합한 본 발명의 호모겔 시편과 첨가제를 혼합하지 않은 일반재료의 호모겔 시편을 28일간 물속에 보관한 후 육안관찰과 사진촬영을 하는 것으로 비교하였다. 본 발명의 첨가제를 넣은 재료의 호모겔 시편은 0.1% 이내의 체적감소율을 보이었지만, 첨가제를 넣지 않은 일반재료 및 제조방법에 의한 호모겔 시편은 약 10% 이상의 체적감소율이 발생하였다(도 1 참조). 따라서, 동일한 배합비 조건에서 본 발명에 의한 반현탁액의 호모겔 시편 재료 및 제조방법이 체적감소율 비교 측면에서 일반 호모겔 시편 재료 및 제조방법보다 우수함을 알 수 있다.In the volume reduction rate comparison experiment, when preparing a homogel specimen, the first liquid is special silicic acid + water, the second liquid is grout + water, and the first and second liquids are each composed of 50% by weight and 10% by weight of additives are mixed The homogel specimen of the present invention and the homogel specimen of general material without additives were stored in water for 28 days and then visually observed and photographed. The homogel specimen of the material containing the additive of the present invention exhibited a volume reduction rate of less than 0.1%, but the volume reduction rate of about 10% or more occurred in the homogel specimen prepared by the general material and manufacturing method without the additive (see Fig. 1). ). Therefore, it can be seen that the homogel specimen material and manufacturing method of the semi-suspension according to the present invention are superior to the general homogel specimen material and preparation method in terms of volume reduction ratio comparison under the same compounding ratio condition.

호모겔 강도 비교실험에서는 호모겔 시편을 제조함에 있어, 1액은 특수규산 + 물, 2액은 그라우트+ 물이며, 1액과 2액은 각각 50 중량%로 조성되며 본 발명의 첨가제를 5%, 10%의 Case1 및 Case2와 일반재료 Case3을 재령 1시간부터 재령 36시간까지 각 동일한 시간에 호모겔 시편의 일축 압축강도를 측정하는 것으로 비교실험을 실시하였다(도 2 참조).In the homogel strength comparison experiment, when preparing a homogel specimen, the first liquid is special silicic acid + water, the second liquid is grout + water, and the first and second liquids are each composed of 50% by weight and 5% of the additive of the present invention. , a comparative experiment was conducted by measuring the uniaxial compressive strength of the homogel specimen at the same time from 1 hour to 36 hours of age for Case 1 and Case 2 and general material Case 3 of 10% (see Fig. 2).

일반적으로 차수 및 보강 그라우팅 강도기준은 18시간 호모겔의 강도가 2MPa를 만족하는 것으로 되어 있다. 도 3에서 보면 7시간 강도에서 본 발명의 첨가제 5%, 10%를 혼합한 재료의 경우인 Case1 및 Case2 모두 2MPa를 넘었으나, 일반재료를 사용한 Case3에서는 1MPa의 강도수준으로 측정되었다. 따라서, 본 발명재료의 첨가제 5% 이상만 혼합하면 호모겔 요구강도를 7시간 만에 만족하는 결과로서 기존 일반재료 사용 시에는 약 18시간 정도 소요되었던 요구강도를 본 발명재료의 사용으로 7시간 만에 만족하였으므로, 약 전체 공사시간을 11시간 앞당길 수 있는 효과가 있다.In general, the strength standards for order and reinforcement grouting are that the strength of the homogel for 18 hours satisfies 2 MPa. 3, Case 1 and Case 2, which are materials mixed with 5% and 10% of the additive of the present invention, exceeded 2 MPa at 7 hours strength, but in Case 3 using a general material, the strength level was measured to be 1 MPa. Therefore, if only 5% or more of the additive of the present invention material is mixed, the required strength of the homogel is satisfied in 7 hours. As a result, it has the effect of advancing the total construction time by about 11 hours.

침투주입성 비교실험에서는 호모겔 시편을 제조함에 있어, 1액은 특수규산 + 물, 2액은 그라우트+ 물이며, 1액과 2액은 각각 50 중량%로 조성되며 Case1은 첨가제량을 10중량% 혼합한 것이며, Case2는 일반재료이며 첨가제를 사용하지 않았다<도 4 참조>.In the penetration injection comparison experiment, when preparing a homogel specimen, the 1st solution is special silicic acid + water, the 2nd solution is grout + water, and the 1st and 2nd solutions are each composed of 50% by weight, and Case 1 contains an additive amount of 10% by weight. % is mixed, Case 2 is a general material and does not use additives <refer to FIG. 4>.

본 발명의 재료는 기본적으로 극마이크로화된 시멘트와 극미립실리카질 재료를 혼합한 그라우트를 사용하기 때문에 보통 포틀랜드시멘트(OPC)를 사용하는 일반재료와 비교해서 침투 주입성이 우수하다. 본 침투주입성 실험은 직경15cm × 높이30cm의 모형 토조에 주입관을 매설하고 5kg/cm2로 침투주입시험을 실시하였다.Since the material of the present invention basically uses a grout mixed with micro-micronized cement and micro-fine silica material, it has excellent penetration and injection properties compared to general materials using portland cement (OPC). In this penetration injection test, the injection tube was buried in a model earthen tank with a diameter of 15 cm × height of 30 cm and a penetration injection test was performed at 5 kg/cm 2 .

실험결과에 의하면 본 발명의 재료의 경우, 투수 계수 k=a×10-4cm/sec까지 완전한 침투주입이 가능하지만, 일반재료의 경우는 k=a×10-2cm/sec 정도에서도 침투주입과 할렬 주입이 혼재하는 것을 알 수 있다<도 5 참조>.According to the experimental results, in the case of the material of the present invention, complete penetration injection is possible up to the permeability coefficient k = a × 10 -4 cm/sec, but in the case of general materials, penetration injection and It can be seen that split injection is mixed <refer to FIG. 5>.

따라서, 본 발명의 재료 및 제조방법에 의한 그라우팅 재료는 동일한 압력에서 일반재료보다 침투주입성능이 우수함을 알 수 있다.Therefore, it can be seen that the grouting material according to the material and manufacturing method of the present invention has better penetration injection performance than the general material at the same pressure.

1880년대 물유리와 염화칼슘을 이용한 차수 공사용 약액이 사용된 이래, 물유리계 화학약액이 대중적으로 사용되어 오다가, 1950년대 화학공업의 발달과 더불어 성능이 우수한 크롬리그닌계, 요소계, 우레탄계 등 고분자 화학약액이 등장한다.Since water glass and calcium chloride were used for waterproofing construction in the 1880s, water glass-based chemical liquids have been popularly used. this appears

그러나 이와 같은 고분자 화학약액은 유독성이 강해서 지하수를 오염시키는 사고가 빈발하여 사용을 엄격히 제한하여 환경적 안정성을 요구함에 따라 최근에는 무독성의 규산소다계 정도로 사용이 제한되고 있으며, 국내의 경우 대부분 규산 소다 3호만 사용되어 왔다.However, these polymer chemical solutions are highly toxic, so accidents that contaminate groundwater frequently occur, and their use is strictly restricted and environmental stability is required. Only number 3 has been used.

규산 소다 3호는 유독성 물질은 함유되어 있지 않지만 경화 후 알카리 용탈이 심각하기 때문에 경화된 주입경화체의 내구성과 알카리에 의한 지하수오염 등이 지적되어 왔다. 따라서 최근에는 규산소다 3호에 비해서 알카리 용탈량이 현저히 감소되는 특수규산을 사용함으로써 주입 경화체의 내구성과 환경에 대한 안정성을 향상시키고자 노력하고 있다. 즉, LW, SGR공법에서 사용하고 있는 규산소다 3호의 Na2O 함유량이 9 ~ 10중량%이지만, 본 발명에서 제안한 활성실리카계 특수규산은 Na2O 함유량이 6 ~ 7중량%로 낮기 때문에 경화 후 알카리 용탈량이 현저히 줄어든다. 또한, 본 발명의 그라우트는 극마이크로파인시멘트, 풍부한 극미립실리카질 재료, 연기와 같은 입자크기인 극미립실리카베이스 첨가제 및 특수규산의 NaOH 알칼리가 강력한 포졸란 반응을 유도하여 장기적으로 강도발현이 촉진되고 알카리 용출량이 감소하므로 내구성과 환경안정성이 향상되는 효과를 발휘한다<도 6 품질검사 성적서 참조>.Soda silicate No. 3 contains no toxic substances, but since alkali leaching after hardening is serious, the durability of the hardened injection hardened body and contamination of groundwater by alkali have been pointed out. Therefore, recently, efforts are being made to improve the durability and environmental stability of the injection hardened body by using special silicic acid, which has a significantly reduced alkali leaching amount compared to sodium silicate No. 3. That is, although the Na2O content of sodium silicate No. 3 used in the LW and SGR methods is 9 to 10% by weight, the active silica-based special silicic acid proposed in the present invention has a low Na2O content of 6 to 7% by weight, so the alkali leaching amount after curing decreases significantly. In addition, the grout of the present invention induces a strong pozzolan reaction with ultra-fine cement, abundant ultra-fine silica material, ultra-fine silica base additive with the same particle size as smoke, and NaOH alkali of special silicic acid, so that strength expression is promoted in the long term. Since the amount of dissolution of alkali is reduced, durability and environmental stability are improved <refer to the quality inspection report of Fig. 6>.

그라우팅 주입 시 환경 문제 중 하나는 시멘트 제조 시 원료 속에 함유된 발암성 유해물질인 수용성 6가 크롬 함유량이 최근 문제화되고 있으며, 특히 국내에서는 속칭 쓰레기 시멘트라는 환경단체의 강경한 표현에서 볼 수 있듯이 폐타이어, 슬래그, 플라이애시 등 폐기물 및 산업부산물을 시멘트 제조과정에 다량 사용함으로 인해서 6가 크롬 함유량이 다소 높은 것이 사실이지만 환경부는 콘크리트 구조물에 혼입될 경우 6가 크롬이 고정화되어 실제로는 용출될 수 없는 상태로 안정화되기 때문에 실제 영향이 없다고 주장하고 있다.One of the environmental problems during grouting injection is the content of water-soluble hexavalent chromium, a carcinogenic and harmful substance contained in raw materials during cement manufacturing, has recently become a problem. It is true that the hexavalent chromium content is rather high due to the large amount of waste and industrial by-products such as , slag, fly ash, etc. used in the cement manufacturing process. It is argued that there is no real effect because it is stabilized.

본 발명의 그라우트는 포틀랜드슬래그 혼합시멘트를 기본으로 한다. 즉, 포틀랜드시멘트에 극미립실리카질 미분말이 20 ~ 30중량% 함유되어 있기 때문에 6가 크롬 함유량이 기존의 포틀랜드시멘트보다 20 ~ 30중량% 정도 감소하였다. 따라서, 본 발명에서 사용되는 그라우트는 기존 포틀랜드시멘트를 사용하는 LW공법이나 SGR공법에 비해서 6가 크롬 함유량이 20 ~ 30중량% 이하로 감량된 것이며, 대체로 5pp 이하로 검출되므로 지반환경을 오염시킬 확률이 현저히 감소한다.The grout of the present invention is based on Portland slag mixed cement. That is, since Portland cement contains 20 to 30% by weight of microfine silica powder, the hexavalent chromium content is reduced by 20 to 30% by weight compared to the conventional Portland cement. Therefore, the grout used in the present invention has a reduced hexavalent chromium content of 20 to 30% by weight or less compared to the LW method or the SGR method using the existing Portland cement, and is usually detected as 5pp or less, so the probability of contamination of the ground environment this is significantly reduced.

본 발명 재료의 환경친화성을 확인하기 위하여 어독성 시험(KS I3217)을 실시하였다. 어독성 시험은 발명 재료의 호모겔 시편을 제작하여 수조 속에 공시어(10마리)와 함께 침수시켜 공시어의 치사율 및 pH 변화를 시험기준에 명기된 시간(0, 4, 8, 12, 48, 96 hrs)대로 확인 및 측정하는 시험방법이다. 도 7은 어독성 시험에 사용한 발명재료의 호모겔시편의 조성물 및 제조방법표이다. 도 8은 발명재료를 이용한 어독성 시험 결과 그래프이다. 결과에 의하면 발명재료에 의한 공시어의 치사율은 0마리로 한 마리도 죽지 않아 환경친화성이 우수함을 알 수 있고, 일반적으로 식생 생존 환경이 pH 9.5 이하인데, 본 발명에 의한 어독성 실험에서는 pH 8 ~ 9.2로서 식생 생존환경을 만족한다. 따라서, 공시어 치사율 및 pH 측정 결과에 의하면 본 발명재료가 환경친화성에서 우수하다는 것을 알 수 있다.To confirm the environmental friendliness of the material of the present invention, a fish toxicity test (KS I3217) was performed. For the fish toxicity test, a homogel specimen of the material of the invention is made and immersed in a water tank together with the dead fish (10), and the lethality and pH change of the dead fish are measured for the time specified in the test standards (0, 4, 8, 12, 48, 96 hrs) as a test method to confirm and measure. 7 is a table of the composition and manufacturing method of the homogel specimen of the invention material used in the fish toxicity test. 8 is a graph showing the results of a fish toxicity test using the inventive material. According to the results, the fatality rate of dead fish by the inventive material is 0, which means that not one of them dies, indicating that the environmental friendliness is excellent. In general, the vegetation survival environment is pH 9.5 or less. 8 ~ 9.2, which satisfies the vegetation survival environment. Therefore, according to the test results of lethality and pH measurement, it can be seen that the material of the present invention is excellent in environmental friendliness.

본 발명의 재료성분 및 제조방법 중 특수규산 혹은 규산소다 3호 등(경화제, 급결제 등)을 사용하지 않고, 오직 현탁액 즉 본 발명의 그라우트와 물을 혼합하고 본 발명에서 제안하는 첨가제를 10 ~ 15%만 첨가하여 차수 및 보강 그라우팅 성능을 확보하는 발명재료를 제안하였다. 하지만, 현탁액의 경우 실내에서 그 성능을 검증할 수 있는 방법이 지극히 제한적이다. 물론, 반현탁액의 재료 중 특수규산을 제외하고 현탁액재료와 동일하므로 상기의 여러 실내시험 결과에 의해 간접적으로 본 발명의 현탁액 재료의 성능을 입증했다고도 할 수 있지만, 여기에서는, 본 발명에서 제안하는 현탁액 재료만을 이용하여 현장에서 직접 시험 시공을 실시하여 그 본 발명의 재료성분 및 제조방법의 성능을 검증하였다.Among the material components and manufacturing methods of the present invention, special silicic acid or sodium silicate No. 3 (hardener, quick-setting agent, etc.) is not used, only a suspension, that is, the grout of the present invention is mixed with water, and the additive proposed in the present invention is mixed with 10 ~ An invention material that secures water-order and reinforcement grouting performance by adding only 15% was proposed. However, in the case of suspension, the method to verify its performance indoors is extremely limited. Of course, it can be said that the performance of the suspension material of the present invention has been indirectly demonstrated by the results of the above various indoor tests because it is the same as the suspension material except for special silicic acid among the materials of the semi-suspension. The performance of the material component and manufacturing method of the present invention was verified by directly conducting test construction on site using only the suspension material.

본 발명의 현탁액재료를 사용하여 첫 번째로, 00터널 현장에서 터널 내부로 유입되는 지하수를 차단하는 시공방법인 차수 그라우팅을 수행하였으며, 차수 성능을 검증할 수 있는 방법으로서 시험시공 전·후 지하수유입량을 분석하는 방법을 채택하였다. 지하수유입량은 시험시공 전·후 루전 시험을 통하여 루전(Lu)값을 측정하여 공학적인 이론에 의한 분석적인 방법을 채택하였다. 또한, 분석적인 재료의 선택방법적용, 주입압력의 분석적인 결정, 분석적인 팩커의 제거시간 결정 등의 요소기술을 적용하였다. 본 발명 재료의 적용 후 루전값은 Lu = 0.31이며, 지하수 유입량을 평가한 결과 0.19l/min으로 평가되었으며, 발명재료의 적용 전 유입량은 6.69l/min이므로 주입 후 약 35배 정도의 차수 효과를 확인하였다. 따라서, 발명재료에 의한 터널 차수 그라우팅 성능이 우수함을 검증하였다.First, by using the suspension material of the present invention, water-order grouting, a construction method that blocks groundwater flowing into the tunnel at the site of tunnel 00, was performed. The method of analysis was adopted. As for the amount of groundwater inflow, an analytical method based on engineering theory was adopted by measuring the lusion (Lu) value before and after the test construction. In addition, elemental techniques such as analytical material selection method application, injection pressure analytical determination, and packer removal time determination were applied. After application of the material of the present invention, the rupture value was Lu = 0.31, and as a result of evaluating the groundwater inflow, it was evaluated as 0.19l/min. Confirmed. Therefore, it was verified that the tunnel-order grouting performance by the inventive material was excellent.

본 발명의 현탁액 성능검증 시공 및 검증시험은 충청도에 위치한 "00터널 차수 그라우팅 공사현장"에서 실시하였다. 현탁액의 성능을 검증하기 위한 현장시험시공에 사용된 발명재료의 조성물 및 제조방법은 도 9와 같다.The suspension performance verification construction and verification test of the present invention was conducted at the "00th tunnel grouting construction site" located in Chungcheong Province. The composition and manufacturing method of the inventive material used in the field test construction to verify the performance of the suspension are shown in FIG. 9 .

본 시험시공현장의 시공위치의 지층 현황은 터널 갱구부 구간이며 암반등급 중 Ⅲ 등급 판정을 받은 차수 보강 그라우팅이 필요한 현장이다. 시험시공의 그라우팅 주입홀 간격은 C.T.C = 0.5m 및 홀 길이는 L = 12.0m이며 한 막장 당 주입수량 21홀 1열로 주입하였다. 시험 홀은 총 3공을 삼각형 배열로 천공하였으며 2홀은 주입 전 검사 홀(PH) 및 시험 홀 1개의 홀은 시공 후 확인 홀(CH)로 계획하였다. 도 10은 00터널 현장시험시공 사진이다. The stratum status of the construction site of this test construction site is a section of the tunnel shaft, and it is a site that needs grade Ⅲ reinforcing grouting among rock grades. The spacing of the grouting injection holes in the test construction was C.T.C = 0.5m and the hole length was L = 12.0m, and the amount of injection per film was 21 holes in one row. A total of three test holes were drilled in a triangular arrangement, and two holes were planned as an inspection hole before injection (PH) and one test hole as a confirmation hole after construction (CH). 10 is a photo of tunnel 00 field test construction.

주입 전 루전시험에서 측정된 루전값은 Lu = 25.98이며, 이를 이용하여 주입터널의 지반조건 및 지하수의 높이 등을 고려하여 산정한 지하수의 유입량은 6.69l/min(1 hole; 천공 홀 길이 10m)으로 평가되었다<도 11 및 도 12 참조>. 본 현장의 터널 내 지하수의 허용유입량은 60l/min/터널100m 이하이므로 터널 100m당 대략 10개 막장에서 지하수가 유출되었다고 가정할 경우 약 66.9l/min의 지하수가 유입되어 차수가 필요하다고 할 수 있고, 투수 계수로 환산한 수치(3.38×10-4 cm/sec)를 검토했을 때에도 주입지반이 그라우팅 차수가 필요하다고 판정된다.The leakage value measured in the leakage test before injection was Lu = 25.98, and the amount of groundwater inflow calculated by using this to consider the ground conditions of the injection tunnel and the height of the groundwater was 6.69l/min (1 hole; the length of the drilling hole 10m) was evaluated as <see FIGS. 11 and 12>. Since the allowable inflow of groundwater in the tunnel at this site is less than 60l/min/tunnel 100m, assuming that the groundwater leaked out from about 10 poles per 100m of the tunnel, it can be said that a shutoff is necessary because about 66.9l/min of groundwater flows in. , it is judged that the injection ground needs grouting order even when the value converted into the permeability coefficient (3.38×10 -4 cm/sec) is reviewed.

절리의 간격을 평가하기 위해 주입 전 측정된 루전값이 이용된다. 루전값은 Lu = 25.98이며 절리의 간격을 구하기 위한 프로그램에 입력한 결과 절리 간격은 183μm로 평가되었다<도 13 참조>. 절리의 간격은 주입재료의 입경의 크기를 결정하는 주요한 요소 인자이다. 일반적으로 재료의 평균 입경이 절리의 간격에 비하여 1/3정도 작아야 재료의 침투가 가능하다고 평가하고 있다. 본 현장의 절리의 간격은 183μm이며 평균 입경이 가장 큰 분말도 4000cm2/g정도의 그라우트의 경우 약 17.1μm이며 분말도 4000cm2/g 그라우트(17.1μm×3) < 183μm가 되므로 슈퍼셈-4000 혹은 하이브리드 그라우트-4000을 본 현장에 사용하였다.To evaluate the joint spacing, the measured rupture value before implantation is used. The rupture value was Lu = 25.98, and as a result of input into the program to obtain the joint gap, the joint gap was evaluated to be 183 μm <see FIG. 13>. The spacing of the joints is a major factor that determines the size of the particle size of the injection material. In general, it is evaluated that the material penetration is possible only when the average particle diameter of the material is 1/3 smaller than the gap of the joint. The spacing of the joints in this site is 183μm, and the powder with the largest average particle size is about 17.1μm in the case of 4000cm 2 /g grout, and the powder is 4000cm 2 /g grout (17.1μm×3) < 183μm, so Supersum-4000 Alternatively, Hybrid Grout-4000 was used in this field.

본 현장에 적합한 그라우팅 압력은 최소 2.3bar(0.23MPa)에서 최대 21bar(2.19MPa)까지 가능한 것으로 평가되어 시험시공에 이 기준을 적용하였다<도 14 참조>.The grouting pressure suitable for this site was evaluated to be possible from a minimum of 2.3 bar (0.23 MPa) to a maximum of 21 bar (2.19 MPa), and this criterion was applied to the test construction <see FIG. 14>.

팩커의 제거시간을 평가하기 위해서는 팩커의 제거를 위한 그라우트의 전단강도를 우선적으로 평가하여야 한다. 팩커를 제거하여도 이상이 없는 상태의 그라우트의 저항강도라고 할 수 있다. 평가에 필요한 지반 및 그라우팅 시공에 필요한 인자 중 본 현장의 지하수의 수두 2m, 홀의 길이 10m, 홀의 직경은 105mm이며, 이를 프로그램에 입력하면 그 결과 값이 평가되는데 그라우트의 전단강도는 51.45Pa로 평가되었다<도 15 참조>. 점도의 실험에 의한 그라우트의 항복강도를 시간에 따른 그래프를 작성하면 아래 도 16과 같으며 항복강도가 약 51.45Pa 정도의 강도가 나오기까지 시간과 상관관계를 그려보면 대략 3.5 ~ 4시간 정도 지나야 팩커를 제거해도 이상이 없는 상태가 됨을 알 수 있다. 즉, 본 현장에 필요한 팩커의 제거시간은 약 3.5 ~ 4시간 후에 안전하게 제거할 수 있으므로 이를 적용하였다.In order to evaluate the removal time of the packer, the shear strength of the grout for the removal of the packer should be evaluated first. It can be said that it is the resistance strength of the grout in a state where there is no abnormality even after removing the packer. Among the factors necessary for the ground and grouting construction required for evaluation, the groundwater head of this site is 2 m, the length of the hole is 10 m, and the diameter of the hole is 105 mm. <See FIG. 15>. If a graph of the yield strength of grout according to the viscosity experiment is drawn up over time, it is as shown in Fig. 16 below. If we draw a correlation with time until the yield strength is about 51.45 Pa, it takes about 3.5 to 4 hours to packer. It can be seen that even if removed, there is no abnormality. In other words, the required packer removal time for this site was applied because it can be safely removed after about 3.5 to 4 hours.

주입 후 루전값은 Lu = 0.31이며 지하수 유입량을 평가한 결과 0.19l/min 이다. 주입전 유입량은 6.69l/min이므로 주입 후 약 35배 정도의 차수 효과가 있음을 알 수 있다. 또한, 개발된 프로그램 및 프로세스를 이용한 본 현장의 터널 차수 그라우팅 공사가 아주 양호한 것으로 판단된다. 이를 근거로 볼 때 개발된 터널 차수 프로그램 및 시공프로세스가 추후 터널 차수 그라우팅 공사에 사용할 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다고 사료된다<도 17 및 도 18 참조>.After injection, the lumen value was Lu = 0.31, and as a result of evaluating the groundwater inflow, it was 0.19 l/min. Since the inflow before injection is 6.69 l/min, it can be seen that there is an order effect of about 35 times after injection. In addition, it is judged that the tunnel grouting work of this site using the developed program and process is very good. Based on this, it is considered that the developed tunnel grading program and construction process confirmed the possibility of being used for tunnel grading grouting work in the future <refer to FIGS. 17 and 18>.

본 발명의 현탁액 재료를 사용하여 두 번째로, 저수지 현장에서 현장시험시공을 수행하여 그라우팅 성능을 검증하는 시험방법으로 시험시공 전·후 현장투수 계수시험, 시험시공 전·후 표준관입시험, 시험 후 페놀프탈레인 반응시험 및 시험시공 전·후 전기 비저항 탐사시험의 결과를 이용하여 본 발명재료 중 현탁액의 성능을 검증하였다.Second, as a test method to verify grouting performance by performing field test construction at the reservoir site using the suspension material of the present invention, field permeability test before and after test construction, standard penetration test before and after test construction, and after test The performance of the suspension among the materials of the present invention was verified using the results of the phenolphthalein reaction test and the electric resistivity exploration test before and after the test construction.

본 발명의 현탁액 성능검증 시공 및 검증시험은 충청도에 위치한 "00저수지 차수·보강 공사현장"에서 실시하였다<도 19 참조>.The suspension performance verification construction and verification test of the present invention was conducted at the "00 Reservoir Water Reinforcement and Reinforcement Construction Site" located in Chungcheong Province (see Fig. 19).

현탁액의 성능을 검증하기 위한 현장시험시공에 사용된 발명재료의 조성물 및 제조방법은 도 20과 같다.The composition and manufacturing method of the inventive material used in the field test construction to verify the performance of the suspension are shown in FIG. 20 .

본 발명의 현탁액의 성능을 검증하기 위한 현장투수 계수시험 결과에서는 중심점토 구간에 대한 시공 전 평균 투수 계수는 K = 6.33×10-4cm/sec이었으나, 시공 후 투수 계수 K = 2.62×10-5cm/sec로 개량되어 시공 전 대비 투수 계수 값이 약 1/24로 감소하였으므로, 본 발명의 현탁액에 의한 그라우팅 성능이 우수함을 확인하였다<도 21 참조>.In the field permeability coefficient test results to verify the performance of the suspension of the present invention, the average permeability coefficient before construction for the central clay section was K = 6.33 × 10-4 cm/sec, but the permeability coefficient after construction K = 2.62 × 10-5 cm/ Since it was improved to sec and the permeability coefficient value was reduced to about 1/24 compared to before construction, it was confirmed that the grouting performance by the suspension of the present invention was excellent <see FIG. 21>.

본 발명의 현탁액의 성능을 검증하기 위한 표준관입시험 결과에서는 중심점토 구간의 시공 전 N값은 2 ~ 6타/30cm로 점성토의 연경도(Consistancy)는 연약(soft) 내지 보통 견고(edium stiff)였으나, 시공 후 6 ~ 31타/30cm로 개량되어 연경도가 보통 견고(medium stiff) 내지 매우 견고(very stiff)로 지반강도가 증가하여 본 발명의 현탁액에 의한 그라우팅 성능이 우수함을 확인하였다<도 22 참조>.In the results of the standard penetration test to verify the performance of the suspension of the present invention, the N value before construction of the central clay section is 2 to 6 strokes/30cm, and the consistency of the clay is soft to medium stiff. However, it was improved to 6 ~ 31 strokes / 30cm after construction, and the ground strength increased from medium stiff to very stiff, confirming that the grouting performance by the suspension of the present invention was excellent. 22 see>.

일반적으로 페놀프탈레인(C10H14O4)은 산염기로 알칼리성인 시멘트계 주입재료와 반응하면 붉은색으로 나타나며, 시공 전·후 적색반응의 확산범위와 농도를 관찰하여 그라우팅 기술의 주입효과를 평가한다.In general, phenolphthalein (C10H14O4) appears red when reacting with cement-based injection materials that are acidic and alkaline, and the injection effect of grouting technology is evaluated by observing the diffusion range and concentration of the red reaction before and after construction.

시공 후 현탁액의 성능을 검증하기 위한 페놀프탈레인 반응시험 결과에서는 페놀프탈레인 시약반응 결과 붉은색으로 변색되었으므로, 점토의 공극에 고품질로 시공되어 본 발명의 현탁액에 의한 그라우팅 성능이 우수함을 확인하였다<도 23 참조>.In the phenolphthalein reaction test result to verify the performance of the suspension after construction, it was discolored red as a result of the phenolphthalein reagent reaction. .

일반적으로 전기 비저항 탐사시험에 의한 결과판정 방법은 누수가능 영역은 초록색계열로 나타나며 침투수에 의해 포화상태이거나 누수 취약부가 형성되어 있을 가능성이 큰 구간을 의미한다. 누수위험영역은 청색계열로 나타나며 포화대의 확장 등으로 인한 누수 취약부로 발전할 가능성이 큰 구간을 의미한다. 그라우팅 효과가 우수한 결과인 건조습윤영역은 황색 및 적색계열로 나타나며 자연상태의 습도를 유지 또는 기초지반 및 지하수위 상부의 건조한 구간을 의미한다.In general, in the result judgment method by the electrical resistivity exploration test, the leak-prone area is shown in green color, and it means a section with a high possibility of being saturated by seepage water or a leak-prone area is formed. The leak risk area is shown in blue color and means the section with a high possibility of developing into a leak-prone area due to the expansion of the saturation zone. The dry wet area, which is the result of excellent grouting effect, appears in yellow and red series and refers to a dry section that maintains natural humidity or is above the base ground and the groundwater level.

본 발명의 현탁액의 성능을 검증하기 위한 전기 비저항 탐사시험 결과에서는 도 24와 같이 시공 전 지표에서 약 10 ~ 15m 깊이에서는 전반적으로 초록색 계열로 나타나 누수가능 영역임을 알 수 있으며, 특히, A, B 영역에서 청색계열로 측정되어 누수위험영역임을 알 수 있다.In the results of the electrical resistivity exploration test to verify the performance of the suspension of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 24, at a depth of about 10 to 15 m from the surface before construction, the overall green color appears to be a leakable area, and in particular, areas A and B It can be seen that the area is measured in blue color and is a leak risk area.

시공 후 도 25와 같이 그라우팅을 실시한 전체영역 및 A, B 영역에서도 황색 및 적색계열로 나타나, 본 발명기술의 그라우팅에 의한 누수 가능성 및 누수위험 가능성이 사라졌다는 것을 알 수 있다.After construction, as shown in FIG. 25 , yellow and red series appeared in the entire area and areas A and B where grouting was performed, indicating that the possibility of water leakage and the risk of water leakage due to the grouting of the present invention disappeared.

따라서, 본 발명재료 및 제조방법에 의한 그라우팅 성능이 우수함을 알 수 있다.Therefore, it can be seen that the grouting performance by the material and manufacturing method of the present invention is excellent.

이상 본 발명자에 의해서 이루어진 발명을 상기 실시 예에 따라 구체적으로 설명하였지만, 본 발명은 상기 실시 예에 한정되는 것은 아니고 그 요지를 이탈하지 않는 범위에서 여러 가지로 변경 가능한 것은 이 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자에게 자명하다.Although the invention made by the present inventor has been described in detail according to the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and it is common knowledge in the art that various changes can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention. It is self-evident to those who have

Claims (4)

그라우팅 재료가 현탁액일 경우, 전체 100 중량%에 그라우트+물 85 ~ 90중량%와 첨가제 10 ~ 15 중량%를 혼합하여 제조되고, 그라우트(c)와 물(w)의 배합비(w/c)가 1 ~ 1.5로 제조되는 그라우팅 재료를 차수 및 보강 그라우팅에 적용하여 그라우팅을 수행하며,
그라우팅 재료가 반현탁액일 경우, 전체 100 중량%에 1액인 특수규산 + 물과 2액인 그라우트 + 물로 혼합제조된 90 ~ 95 중량%와 첨가제 5 ~ 10 중량%를 혼합하여 제조되고, 전체 100 중량%에 1액과 2액을 각각 50중량%로 혼합하여 그라우팅 재료를 제조하고, 상기 1액은 특수규산(s)과 물(w)의 배합비(w/s)가 1 ~ 1.5로 제조되며, 2액은 그라우트(c)와 물(w)의 배합비(w/c)가 1 ~ 1.5로 제조되며, 제조된 1액과 2액을 혼합하여 약 7시간 양생 후 측정된 호모겔의 일축 압축강도가 일반관리기준인 20kg/cm2 이상이 되고 체적감소율은 0.1% 이내가 되는 그라우팅 재료를 차수 및 보강 그라우팅에 적용하여 그라우팅을 수행하며,
상기 첨가제는 전체 100 중량%에 이산화규소 86중량%, 삼산화황 2.1중량%, 염소 0.5중량%, 유리 석회 0.9중량%, 유리 규소 0.5중량%, 강열감량 3.9중량%을 포함하며, 비표면적 최소 14.5m2/g 에서 최대 35.5m2/g 이내, 포졸란 활동지수 최소 100.5% 이내, 건조질량분 50.2±3% 이내의 특징을 가지도록 제조되는 것을 특징으로 하는 차수 및 보강 그라우팅을 위한 극마이크로파인 극미립실리카베이스 그라우팅 재료를 이용한 그라우팅 공법.
When the grouting material is a suspension, it is prepared by mixing 85 to 90% by weight of grout + water and 10 to 15% by weight of an additive to 100% by weight of the total, and the mixing ratio (w/c) of grout (c) and water (w) is Grouting is performed by applying the grouting material manufactured from 1 to 1.5 to the order and reinforcement grouting,
When the grouting material is a semi-suspension, it is prepared by mixing 90 to 95% by weight of special silicic acid as one liquid + water and grout as two liquids + water and 5 to 10% by weight of additives to 100% by weight of the total, and total 100% by weight A grouting material is prepared by mixing 50% by weight of each of the 1st and 2nd solutions, and the 1st solution has a special silicic acid (s) and water (w) mixing ratio (w/s) of 1 to 1.5, 2 The solution is prepared with a mixing ratio (w/c) of grout (c) and water (w) of 1 to 1.5, and the uniaxial compressive strength of the homogel measured after mixing the prepared solution 1 and 2 and curing for about 7 hours is Grouting is performed by applying grouting material that is 20kg/cm2 or more , which is the general management standard, and the volume reduction rate is within 0.1%, for order and reinforcement grouting,
The additive is silicon dioxide in 100% by weight of the total Contains 86 wt%, sulfur trioxide 2.1 wt%, chlorine 0.5 wt%, free lime 0.9 wt%, free silicon 0.5 wt%, loss on ignition 3.9 wt% Grouting method using ultra-microfine silica-based grouting material for order and reinforcement grouting, characterized in that it is manufactured to have characteristics within, within 100.5% of the pozzolan activity index, and within 50.2±3% of dry mass.
 삭제delete 청구항 1에서, 상기 그라우트는 전체 100 중량%에 분말도가 8,500 ~ 9,000 ㎠/g인 극마이크로시멘트 70 ~ 80중량%와 입도가 2 ~ 6㎛ 이내 인 극미립실리카 분말 20 ~ 30중량%으로 혼합 제조되는 것을 특징으로 하는 차수 및 보강 그라우팅을 위한 극마이크로파인 극미립실리카베이스 그라우팅 재료를 이용한 그라우팅 공법.
The method according to claim 1, The grout is mixed with 70 to 80% by weight of ultra-micro cement having a fineness of 8,500 to 9,000 cm2/g and 20 to 30% by weight of ultra-fine silica powder having a particle size within 2 to 6㎛ to 100% by weight of the total. Grouting method using a microfine silica base grouting material that is ultra-microwave for order and reinforcement grouting, characterized in that it is manufactured.
 청구항 1에서, 상기 특수규산은 활성실리카계이며 전체 100중량%에 Na2O 함유량이 6 ~ 7중량%을 포함하도록 제조되는 것을 특징으로 하는 차수 및 보강 그라우팅을 위한 극마이크로파인 극미립실리카베이스 그라우팅 재료를 이용한 그라우팅 공법.
The method according to claim 1, The special silicic acid is an active silica-based ultra-fine silica base grouting for order and reinforcement grouting, characterized in that it is prepared to contain 6 to 7 wt% of Na 2 O to 100 wt% of the total. Grouting method using materials.
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