KR102380753B1 - Antenna device and display device including the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The antenna element of the embodiments of the present invention includes a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer. The first electrode layer includes a first mesh structure including first electrode lines and second electrode lines crossing each other. The second electrode layer is disposed on an upper level of the first electrode layer, and includes a second mesh structure including third electrode lines and fourth electrode lines crossing each other. One side of the second electrode layer and one end of the first electrode layer are electrically connected to each other in a contact region, and in the contact region, the second mesh structure completely covers the first mesh structure in a planar direction.

Description

Antenna element and display device including the same

The present invention relates to an antenna element and a display device including the same. More particularly, it relates to an antenna element including a radiation electrode and a feed line, and a display device including the same.

With the recent development of an information society, wireless communication technologies such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth are combined with a display device and implemented in the form of, for example, a smart phone. In this case, an antenna may be coupled to the display device to perform a communication function.

As mobile communication technology evolves in recent years, for example, an antenna for performing communication in a very high frequency band corresponding to 3G to 5G needs to be coupled to the display device.

As the display device is miniaturized, an antenna may be disposed in a display area of the display device, and in this case, a conductive pattern included in the antenna may be recognized by a user, thereby deteriorating image quality of the display device.

However, when the material or structure of the conductive pattern is changed in order to lower the visibility of the conductive pattern included in the antenna, the resistance of the conductive pattern may be increased and the radiation characteristic of the antenna may be deteriorated.

For example, Korean Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-0095557 discloses an antenna structure built into a portable terminal, but does not sufficiently disclose an antenna design in consideration of both resistance and optical characteristics as described above.

Korean Patent Publication No. 2003-0095557

An object of the present invention is to provide an antenna element having improved optical and electrical characteristics.

An object of the present invention is to provide a display device including an antenna element having improved optical and electrical characteristics.

1. A first electrode layer including a first mesh structure including first and second electrode lines crossing each other; and a second electrode layer disposed on an upper level of the first electrode layer and including a second mesh structure including third electrode lines and fourth electrode lines crossing each other,

One side of the second electrode layer and one end of the first electrode layer are electrically connected to each other in a contact region, wherein the second mesh structure and the first mesh structure completely overlap in a planar direction in the contact region.

2. The antenna element according to 1 above, wherein the second mesh structure completely covers the first mesh structure in a planar direction in the contact area.

3. The method of 2 above, wherein a second intersection portion where the third electrode line and the fourth electrode line meet and a first intersection portion where the first electrode line and the second electrode line meet are included in the contact region;

and the first intersection in the planar direction is completely covered by the second intersection.

4. The method of 3 above, wherein in the contact region, the third electrode line extends from the second intersection and includes a third extension with an increased width, and the fourth electrode line extends from the second intersection, and An antenna element comprising a fourth extension having an increased width.

5. The antenna element according to 4 above, wherein in the contact region, the first electrode line is completely covered by the third extension, and the second electrode line is completely covered by the fourth extension.

6. The antenna element according to 4 above, wherein the third extension and the fourth extension further extend outside the contact area.

7. The antenna element according to 3 above, wherein the third electrode line and the fourth electrode line have an overall increased width in the contact region.

8. The method of 7 above, wherein the first electrode line includes a first extension protruding from the first intersection in the contact region, and the second electrode line protrudes from the first intersection in the contact region. An antenna element comprising a second extension.

9. The antenna element according to 8 above, wherein the first extension portion is completely covered in a planar direction by the third electrode line, and the second extension portion is completely covered by the fourth electrode line.

10. The antenna element according to 1 above, wherein the first electrode layer includes a transmission line, and the second electrode layer includes a radiation electrode.

11. The antenna element according to 10 above, wherein the radiation electrode has a stacked structure including a transparent oxide electrode layer and a metal layer, and the transmission line is made of a metal layer.

12. The antenna element according to the above 11, wherein the radiation electrode has a sequential lamination structure of a first transparent oxide electrode layer, the metal layer, and a second transparent oxide electrode layer.

13. The antenna element according to 11 above, further comprising a signal pad connected to an end of the transmission line and having a solid metal pattern structure.

14. The antenna element according to 13 above, further comprising a ground pad disposed around the signal pad and separated from the transmission line and the signal pad.

15. The antenna element according to 14 above, wherein the ground pad includes a first portion including a mesh structure and a second portion including a solid metal pattern.

16. A display device comprising the antenna element of any one of 1 to 15 above.

According to embodiments of the present invention, the first electrode layer including the transmission line and the second electrode layer including the radiation electrode may be disposed on different layers to be electrically connected to each other through the contact region. In the contact region, by forming the electrode line positioned on the upper layer to be wider, the contact area can be increased while preventing etch damage to the electrode line positioned on the lower layer.

Accordingly, it is possible to reduce resistance in the contact region and improve radiation characteristics of the antenna.

In some embodiments, the radiation electrode may include a transparent conductive oxide layer to improve transparency, and the transmission line may be formed of a metal layer to reduce power supply resistance. Accordingly, it is possible to implement an antenna element having improved transparency and low resistance characteristics.

1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an antenna element according to exemplary embodiments.
2 is a schematic plan view of an antenna element according to exemplary embodiments.
3 is a schematic plan view of an antenna element according to some exemplary embodiments.
4 is a partially enlarged plan view for explaining a shape and arrangement of an electrode line in a contact area according to example embodiments.
5 is a partially enlarged plan view for explaining a shape and arrangement of electrode lines in a contact area according to some exemplary embodiments.
6 is a partially enlarged plan view for explaining a shape and arrangement of an electrode line in a contact region according to a comparative example.
7 is a schematic plan view illustrating a display device according to example embodiments.

SUMMARY Embodiments of the present invention provide an antenna element including a radiation electrode and a transmission line disposed on different layers, electrically connected to each other, and having a mesh structure. In addition, a display device including the antenna element is provided.

In this specification, terms such as "first", "second", "upper", "lower" and the like do not designate an absolute position or direction, but are used to refer to a relative position, direction, and different configurations. .

1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an antenna element according to exemplary embodiments.

Referring to FIG. 1 , the antenna element may include a lower insulating layer 90 , an interlayer insulating layer 120 , a first electrode layer 100 , and a second electrode layer 140 .

The lower insulating layer 90 may be provided, for example, as a base layer or a base layer for forming the first electrode layer 100 . The interlayer insulating layer 120 may be provided as an intermediate layer for separating the first electrode layer 100 and the second electrode layer 140 from each other.

The lower insulating layer 90 and/or the interlayer insulating layer 120 may serve as a dielectric layer of the antenna element. For example, the lower insulating layer 90 and/or the interlayer insulating layer 120 may include polyester-based resins such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene isophthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, and polybutylene terephthalate; Cellulose resins, such as a diacetyl cellulose and a triacetyl cellulose; polycarbonate-based resin; acrylic resins such as polymethyl (meth)acrylate and polyethyl (meth)acrylate; styrenic resins such as polystyrene and acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer; polyolefin-based resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefin having a cyclo-based or norbornene structure, and an ethylene-propylene copolymer; vinyl chloride-based resin; amide-based resins such as nylon and aromatic polyamide; imide-based resin; polyether sulfone-based resin; sulfone-based resins; polyether ether ketone-based resins; sulfide polyphenylene-based resin; vinyl alcohol-based resin; vinylidene chloride-based resin; vinyl butyral-based resin; allylate-based resin; polyoxymethylene-based resin; A thermoplastic resin such as an epoxy resin may be included. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

In addition, a transparent film made of a (meth)acrylic, urethane, acrylic urethane, epoxy, silicone-based thermosetting resin or UV-curable resin may be used as the lower insulating layer 90 and/or the interlayer insulating layer 120 . In some embodiments, also, an adhesive film such as an optically clear adhesive (OCA), an optically clear resin (OCR), etc. is formed on the lower insulating layer 90 and/or the interlayer insulating layer 120 . ) can be included.

A capacitance or inductance is formed by the lower insulating layer 90 and/or the interlayer insulating layer 120 , so that a frequency band in which the antenna element can drive or sense can be adjusted. In some embodiments, the dielectric constant of the lower insulating layer 90 and/or the interlayer insulating layer 120 may be adjusted in the range of about 1.5 to 12, preferably about 2 to 12. When the dielectric constant exceeds about 12, the driving frequency is excessively reduced, so that driving in a desired high frequency band may not be realized.

In some embodiments, an insulating layer (eg, an insulation layer, a passivation layer, etc. of a display panel) inside a display device on which the antenna element is mounted may be provided as the lower insulating layer 90 .

The first electrode layer 100 may be formed on the lower insulating layer 90 . The first electrode layer 100 includes silver (Ag), gold (Au), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), chromium (Cr), titanium (Ti), and tungsten (W). ), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), vanadium (V), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), molybdenum (Mo), calcium (Ca) ) or the like, or an alloy thereof (eg, silver-palladium-copper (APC)). These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

In some embodiments, as will be described later with reference to FIG. 2 , the first electrode layer 100 may include a transmission line 112 and a signal pad 114 of the antenna element. In this case, the first electrode layer 100 may have a single-layer structure formed of the aforementioned metal or alloy.

The interlayer insulating layer 120 may be formed on the lower insulating layer 90 to cover the first electrode layer 100 .

The second electrode layer 140 may be formed on the interlayer insulating layer 120 . In some embodiments, the second electrode layer 140 may include a radiation electrode 150 as described below with reference to FIG. 2 .

In this case, the second electrode layer 140 is indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnOx), indium zinc tin oxide (IZTO), tin oxide (SnOx), cadmium tin oxide (CTO) It may include a transparent conductive oxide, such as. For example, the second electrode layer 140 may have a stacked structure of a transparent conductive oxide layer and a metal layer including the aforementioned metal or alloy.

In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 , the second electrode layer 140 includes a first transparent conductive oxide layer 143 , a metal layer 145 and a second transparent layer sequentially stacked from the interlayer insulating layer 120 . A conductive oxide layer 147 may be included.

As the flexible characteristics of the second electrode layer 140 are improved by the metal layer 145 , a signal transmission speed may be improved by lowering the resistance. In addition, as the metal layer 145 is sandwiched by the transparent conductive oxide layers 143 and 147 , corrosion resistance and transparency of the second electrode layer 140 may be improved.

The first electrode layer 100 and the second electrode layer 140 may be electrically connected to each other. In example embodiments, the first electrode layer 100 and the second electrode layer 140 may be electrically connected to each other through the contact 130 formed in the interlayer insulating layer 120 .

For example, a contact hole or contact region partially exposing the upper surface of the first electrode layer 100 is formed in the interlayer insulating layer 120 , and the second electrode layer 140 is formed on the upper surface of the interlayer insulating layer 120 . A conductive layer can be formed. A contact 130 may be formed while the conductive layer fills the contact hole or the contact region. In this case, the contact 130 may be provided as a single member by being substantially integrally connected to the second electrode layer 140 .

In some embodiments, a passivation layer 160 covering the second electrode layer 140 may be formed on the interlayer insulating layer 120 . The passivation layer 160 may include, for example, an inorganic insulating material such as silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, or silicon nitride, an organic insulating material such as an acrylic resin or siloxane-based resin, or an organic/inorganic composite insulating film.

2 is a schematic plan view of an antenna element according to exemplary embodiments. For convenience of explanation, illustration of the interlayer insulating layer 120 is omitted in FIG. 2 .

Referring to FIG. 2 , as described above, the second electrode layer 140 may include the radiation electrode 150 , and the first electrode layer 100 may include the transmission line 112 . In some embodiments, the radiation electrode 150 may be formed on the interlayer insulating layer 120 and disposed at an upper level of the transmission line 112 .

According to example embodiments, the radiation electrode 150 and the transmission line 112 may include a mesh structure. For example, the mesh structure may include electrode lines crossing each other therein.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the upper surface of the lower insulating layer 90 or the antenna element may be divided into a viewing area VA and a bonding area BA. For example, the viewing area VA may be included in the display area of the display device on which the antenna element is mounted.

In the bonding area BA, coupling or connection of the antenna element and the antenna driving integrated circuit (IC) chip may be performed. For example, the bonding area BA may be included in a peripheral area or a bezel area of the display device.

According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 , the radiation electrode 150 and the transmission line 112 may be disposed on the viewing area VA. Accordingly, the radiation electrode 150 and the transmission line 112 may be formed to include the mesh structure to improve transmittance in the visual area VA.

The radiation electrode 150 and the transmission line 112 may be electrically connected to each other through the contact region 135 . For example, electrode lines of the mesh structure (eg, a second mesh structure) located at one side of the radiation electrode 150 and the mesh structure (eg, a second mesh structure) located at one end of the transmission line 112 , A contact 130 between the electrode lines of the first mesh structure) may be formed in the contact region 135 .

A signal pad 114 may be connected to an end of the transmission line 112 . The signal pad 114 may be disposed in the bonding area BA to serve as a connection pad with the above-described antenna driving IC chip.

For example, the signal pad 114 and the antenna driving IC chip may be bonded to each other through a circuit intermediary structure such as a flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) or an anisotropic conductive film (ACF).

The signal pad 114 may be formed in a solid pattern including the above-described metal or alloy to reduce power supply resistance. In one embodiment, the signal pad 114 may be provided as a single member substantially integrally connected with the end of the transmission line 112 .

In some embodiments, the first electrode layer 100 may further include a ground pad 115 disposed around the signal pad 114 . For example, as shown in FIG. 2 , a pair of ground pads 115 are electrically and physically separated from the transmission line 112 and the signal pad 114 with the signal pad 114 interposed therebetween and face each other. can see.

In some embodiments, the ground pad 115 includes a first portion 111 including a mesh structure (eg, the first mesh structure) and a second portion 113 having a solid pattern structure. can do.

The first portion 111 may be positioned on the visual area VA together with the transmission line 112 , for example. The second portion 113 may be disposed on the bonding area BA together with the signal pad 114 .

As described above, the radiation electrode 150 includes, for example, a first transparent conductive oxide layer 143 , a metal layer 145 and a second transparent conductive oxide layer 147 as shown in FIG. 1 . It may have a layer structure. Accordingly, it is possible to improve the transmittance of the radiation electrode 150 to reduce electrode visibility and image quality deterioration in the visual area VA.

The transmission line 112 may be formed to include only a metal layer (eg, a metal mesh layer) to reduce feeding resistance. The signal pad 114 and the ground pad 115 may also include only the metal layer.

The length or area of the transmission line 112 and the signal pad 114 may be adjusted according to the length or area of the viewing area VA and the bonding area BA.

3 is a schematic plan view of an antenna element according to some exemplary embodiments. Detailed descriptions of configurations, structures, and materials substantially the same as or similar to those described with reference to FIG. 2 will be omitted.

Referring to FIG. 3 , a protrusion 150a extending from the radiation electrode 150 toward the transmission line 112 may be formed. The protrusion 150a is integrally connected with the radiation electrode 150 and may include the same material and structure as the radiation electrode 150 .

An end of the protrusion 150a may be electrically connected to one end of the transmission line 112 through a contact region 135 .

4 is a partially enlarged plan view for explaining a shape and arrangement of an electrode line in a contact area according to example embodiments.

Referring to FIG. 4 , as described above, in the contact region 135 , the second mesh structure portion located at one side of the radiation electrode 150 and the first mesh structure portion located at one end of the transmission line 112 are electrically connected to each other. can be connected to

For example, the first mesh structure may include a first electrode line 101 and a second electrode line 103 that cross each other. The second mesh structure may include a third electrode line 151 and a fourth electrode line 153 that cross each other.

The first electrode line 101 and the third electrode line 151 may extend in substantially the same direction, and the second electrode line 103 and the fourth electrode line 153 may extend in the substantially same direction.

The contact region 135 may include an intersection where electrode lines meet each other. For example, such that the first intersection 105 of the first mesh structure and the second intersection 155 of the second mesh structure overlap each other in the contact area 135 when viewed or projected in a planar direction. can be sorted.

According to example embodiments, in the contact area 135 , the first mesh structure and the second mesh structure may completely overlap each other in a planar direction. The term “completely overlapped” as used in the present application may include a structure in which any one of the first mesh structure and the second mesh structure is completely covered by the other.

As the mesh structures are disposed to completely overlap each other in the contact region 135 , the ease of aligning the mesh structures disposed on the upper layer may be improved. In addition, a sufficient contact area in the contact region 135 may be secured.

According to some exemplary embodiments, the first mesh structure of the transmission line 112 located in the lower layer is completely formed in the planar direction by the second mesh structure of the radiation electrode 150 located in the upper layer in the contact area 135 . can be covered.

For example, the third electrode line 151 may include a third extension portion 151a extending in a direction from the second crossing portion 155 to the first electrode line 101 and having an increased width. The fourth electrode line 153 may include a fourth extension portion 153a extending from the second crossing portion 155 in the direction of the second electrode line 103 and having an increased width.

In the contact region 135 , the third extension 151a has a wider width than the first electrode line 101 , and may substantially completely cover the first electrode line 101 in the planar direction, and the fourth extension portion ( The width 153a may be wider than that of the second electrode line 103 , and may substantially completely cover the second electrode line 101 in a planar direction.

As described above, the electrode lines 101 and 103 of the first mesh structure positioned on the lower layer are completely covered by the electrode lines 151 and 153 of the second mesh structure positioned on the upper layer in the contact region 135 . can be Accordingly, when the radiation electrode 150 and the contact 130 are formed by etching the conductive layer including the second mesh structure, it is possible to prevent the transmission line 112 from being damaged by exposing the first mesh structure. there is.

In addition, as the electrode lines 151 and 153 of the second mesh structure include extensions in the contact region 135 , contact resistance may be reduced. Additionally, since electrical contact is formed between the intersections 105 and 155 where the electrode lines meet in the contact region 135 , the contact area may increase to decrease the contact resistance or the feeding resistance.

In some embodiments, the third extension 151a and the fourth extension 153a may additionally extend outside the contact region 135 to further reduce contact resistance or feeding resistance.

5 is a partially enlarged plan view illustrating an electrode line shape and arrangement in a contact area according to some exemplary embodiments.

Referring to FIG. 5 , portions of the electrode lines 151 and 153 included in the second mesh structure within the contact area 135 may have an overall width that is increased compared to portions other than the contact area 135 .

In this case, the electrode lines 101 and 103 of the first mesh structure of the lower layer may include extension portions 101a and 103a protruding from the first crossing portion 105 . For example, the first electrode line 101 may include a first extension portion 101a protruding from the first intersection portion 105 in the direction of the third electrode line 151 in the contact region 135 . . The second electrode line 103 may include a second extension portion 103a protruding from the first crossing portion 105 in the direction of the fourth electrode line 153 in the contact region 135 .

Both the first extension part 101a and the second extension part 103a may be covered by the extended electrode lines included in the second mesh structure.

1 to 5 , embodiments in which the radiation electrode 150 is disposed on the transmission line 112 have been described, but the radiation electrode 150 is formed below the transmission line 112 , and while forming the transmission line 112 , A contact 130 with the radiation electrode 150 may be formed. For example, in FIG. 1 , the positions of the first electrode layer 100 and the second electrode layer 140 may be interchanged.

In this case, the electrode lines included in the transmission line 112 may include extensions in the contact region 135 and substantially completely cover the electrode lines included in the radiation electrode 150 in a planar direction.

In addition, although the contact area 135 is shown in a circular shape in FIGS. 4 and 5 , the shape of the contact area 135 may be appropriately changed in consideration of the etching process, such as a square, hexagonal, or octagonal shape.

6 is a partially enlarged plan view for explaining a shape and arrangement of an electrode line in a contact region according to a comparative example.

Referring to FIG. 6 , in the comparative example, the first intersection 105 and the second mesh where the first and second electrode lines 101 and 103 of the first mesh structure meet in the contact region 135 . The second crossing portions 155 where the third and fourth electrode lines 151 and 153 of the structure meet may have the same size and overlap each other. Specifically, the first to fourth electrode lines 101 , 103 , 151 , and 153 may have the same width in the contact region 135 .

In this case, during the etching process of the second mesh structure positioned on the upper layer, the first and second electrode lines 101 and 103 in the contact region 135 may be exposed and etched together. Accordingly, the feeding resistance through the transmission line 112 is increased, and disconnection may occur.

However, according to the above-described exemplary embodiments, an etch damage of the transmission line 112 is prevented as the first mesh structure is not exposed during the etching process by forming an enlarged portion with an increased width in the second mesh structure. can do. In addition, by increasing the contact area through the extension portion, it is possible to further reduce the feeding resistance.

7 is a schematic plan view illustrating a display device according to example embodiments. For example, FIG. 7 illustrates an external shape including a window of a display device.

Referring to FIG. 7 , the display apparatus 200 may include a display area 210 and a peripheral area 220 . The peripheral area 220 may be disposed on both sides and/or both ends of the display area 210 . The peripheral region 220 may correspond to, for example, a light blocking portion or a bezel portion of the image display device.

The above-described antenna element may be disposed over the display area 210 and the peripheral area 220 of the display apparatus 200 . For example, the viewing area VA of the antenna element shown in FIG. 2 may be included in the display area 210 , and the bonding area BA of the antenna element may be included in the peripheral area 220 .

In this case, the radiation electrode 150 may be arranged in the display area 210 . As described above, it is possible to prevent the radiation electrodes 150 from being recognized by the user by using the mesh structure. In addition, by increasing the transparency of the radiation electrode 150 through the transparent conductive oxide layer, it is possible to prevent deterioration of image quality in the display area 210 .

The transmission line 112 also includes a mesh structure, and the signal pad 114 may be connected to the antenna driving IC chip in the peripheral region 220 . The signal pad 114 may include a solid metal pattern to reduce bonding resistance and feeding resistance.

Through the combination of the above-described structure and material of the antenna element, antenna driving with improved electrical and optical properties may be implemented together in the display device 200 .

90: lower insulating layer 100: first electrode layer
101: first electrode line 103: second electrode line
112: transmission line 114: signal pad
120: interlayer insulating layer 130: contact
135: contact region 140: second electrode layer
143: first transparent conductive oxide layer 145: metal layer
147: second transparent conductive oxide layer 150: radiation electrode
151: third electrode line 153: fourth electrode line

Claims (16)

a first electrode layer including a first mesh structure including first and second electrode lines crossing each other; and
a second electrode layer disposed on an upper level of the first electrode layer and including a second mesh structure including third electrode lines and fourth electrode lines crossing each other;
One side of the second electrode layer and one end of the first electrode layer are electrically connected to each other in a contact region, and in the contact region, the second mesh structure and the first mesh structure completely overlap in a planar direction;
A first intersection portion where the first electrode line and the second electrode line meet and a second intersection portion where the third electrode line and the fourth electrode line meet are included in the contact region, and the first intersection portion in a planar direction includes completely covered by the second intersection.
The antenna element according to claim 1, wherein the second mesh structure completely covers the first mesh structure in a planar direction in the contact area.
delete The method according to claim 1, wherein in the contact region, the third electrode line extends from the second intersection and includes a third extension with an increased width, and the fourth electrode line extends from the second intersection and has a width. An antenna element comprising an increased fourth extension.
The antenna element according to claim 4, wherein in the contact region, the first electrode line is completely covered by the third extension, and the second electrode line is completely covered by the fourth extension.
The antenna element according to claim 4, wherein the third extension and the fourth extension further extend out of the contact area.
The antenna element according to claim 1, wherein the third electrode line and the fourth electrode line have an overall increased width in the contact region.
The method according to claim 7, wherein the first electrode line comprises a first extension portion protruding from the first intersection in the contact region, the second electrode line is a second portion protruding from the first intersection portion in the contact region An antenna element comprising an extension.
The antenna element according to claim 8, wherein the first extension is completely covered in a planar direction by the third electrode line, and the second extension is completely covered by the fourth electrode line.
The antenna element according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode layer includes a transmission line and the second electrode layer includes a radiation electrode.
The antenna element according to claim 10, wherein the radiation electrode has a stacked structure including a transparent oxide electrode layer and a metal layer, and the transmission line is made of a metal layer.
The antenna element of claim 11 , wherein the radiation electrode has a sequentially stacked structure of a first transparent oxide electrode layer, the metal layer, and a second transparent oxide electrode layer.
The antenna element according to claim 11, further comprising a signal pad connected to an end of the transmission line and having a solid metal pattern structure.
The antenna element of claim 13 , further comprising a ground pad disposed around the signal pad and separated from the transmission line and the signal pad.
The antenna element of claim 14 , wherein the ground pad includes a first portion including a mesh structure and a second portion including a solid metal pattern.
A display device comprising the antenna element of claim 1 .

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