KR102379650B1 - Ambient type high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer and hydrogen charging apparatus using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer and a hydrogen filling apparatus using the same. To this end, the atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer comprises: an inner chamber which is provided as an interior space divided by an inner wall and a lid flange, has one side filled with liquid hydrogen that is introduced to the inside thereof by an inlet pipe connected to a liquid hydrogen tank, and in which at least a portion of the filled liquid hydrogen is vaporized to form gaseous hydrogen; and an outer chamber which is provided as an interior space divided by the inner wall and the lid flange between an outer wall and the inner wall, and is configured to be filled with the gaseous hydrogen of the inner chamber by introducing the gaseous hydrogen of the inner chamber through an inner wall hole that is a hole configured on an upper part of the inner wall, wherein the outer wall is spaced apart from the inner wall at a specific distance, thereby capable of achieving high-pressure hydrogen vaporization without liquid hydrogen pumps and multi-stage compressors so that hydrogen refueling stations can be supplied at a relatively low cost.

Description

Ambient type high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer and hydrogen charging apparatus using the same

The present invention relates to an atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer and a hydrogen filling apparatus using the same.

Hydrogen is in the spotlight as the most environmentally friendly energy source, and its application is being made in various fields such as storage and transport of energy using it, power generation using fuel cells, and utilization as a power source for hydrogen electric vehicles/aviation/drones. In order to expand its application range, it is necessary to secure economical and efficient hydrogen storage and transportation technology, which is one of the most important technological fields to secure in order to move to an eco-friendly, low-carbon society.

In relation to the use of hydrogen energy in the aviation market, hydrogen has the highest energy density per unit weight, so its potential as a propulsion fuel for aircraft is sufficient. It is possible to secure 10 times the flight time, and it is possible to secure more than twice the flight time compared to storing 300 bar high-pressure gas. Attempts are being made to use liquid hydrogen to extend flight time even for medium-sized UAVs using fuel cells. h has been recorded.

Regarding the use of hydrogen energy in the drone market, the current lithium battery power source is expected to be replaced by a hydrogen fuel cell power source according to the explosive growth of the civilian drone market. In the case of the existing lithium battery, the flight time was only 25 min. Energy and China's MMC have recorded an airtime of 2 h using compressed hydrogen gas.

In relation to the use of hydrogen energy in the eco-friendly vehicle market, the commercialization of hydrogen electric vehicles along with battery electric vehicles is accelerating according to the market demand for eco-friendly vehicles. This can be said to be essential. Accordingly, each country is competitively announcing plans to supply hydrogen electric vehicles and build hydrogen charging stations for this purpose. For example, Korea has a plan to build 200 hydrogen charging stations in 2025 from 11 hydrogen charging stations in 2017, and according to data from the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, the number of registered hydrogen electric vehicles in Korea reached 10,906 in 2020, which is 115% compared to 2019. It was an increased number. China is planning to build 1,000 hydrogen charging stations in 2030 from 300 hydrogen charging stations in 2025, and has a plan to supply 1 million hydrogen electric vehicles in 2030. It has completed the world's largest hydrogen electric vehicle production plant capable of production. The US had a plan to build 250 units by 2020, and has a plan to supply 3.3 million hydrogen electric vehicles by 2025. Japan has a plan to increase the number of hydrogen charging stations from 90 in 2017 to 900 by 2030, and has a plan to supply 800,000 hydrogen electric vehicles in 2030. In Europe, Germany/UK/Nordic countries have established plans to build 500 units by 2020, and in particular, Germany has established a plan to build 400 hydrogen charging stations by 2025.

The role of the hydrogen charging station is to charge hydrogen to a fuel tank storage pressure of 700 to 800 bar or higher of a hydrogen electric vehicle, and for this purpose, it can be divided into a high-pressure hydrogen method that compresses the gas to a high pressure and a liquid hydrogen method. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen charging station of the conventional liquid hydrogen system. As shown in FIG. 1, in the case of the liquid hydrogen system, a hydrogen vaporizer is a key component, and the Fin type vaporizer (FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the Fin type vaporizer) used for LNG, etc. does not withstand high pressure. There was a problem that it could not be used, and inevitably, an expensive liquid hydrogen pump and a multi-stage compressor were used. As a result, the cost of installing a hydrogen charging station is rapidly increasing, and it is acting as a significant barrier to the diffusion of hydrogen charging stations.

Korean Patent Laid-Open Patent No. 10-2021-0119616, hydrogen charging device, Hyundai Motor Company

Therefore, the present invention was devised using the principle that liquid hydrogen expands 850 times during vaporization to improve the problems presented above, and thermal analysis at cryogenic temperatures using hydrogen properties and structural analysis of materials were applied to design an ultra-high pressure chamber. , was created taking into account thermodynamics for vaporization pressure and exhaust velocity control. An object of the present invention is to provide an atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer having an internal and external double chamber structure that can achieve high-pressure hydrogen vaporization without a liquid hydrogen pump and a multi-stage compressor so that hydrogen charging stations can be supplied at a relatively low cost, and a hydrogen charging device using the same is to provide

The problem to be solved in the embodiment is not limited thereto, and it will be said that the purpose or effect that can be grasped from the method of solving the problem described below or the embodiment is also included.

Hereinafter, specific means for achieving the object of the present invention will be described.

An object of the present invention means an inner space partitioned by an inner wall and a lid flange, and liquid hydrogen is introduced into the inside by an inlet pipe connected to a liquid hydrogen tank on one side, and the liquid hydrogen is filled, and the liquid hydrogen is filled an inner chamber in which at least a portion of the gaseous hydrogen is vaporized; and an outer wall configured to be spaced apart from the inner wall at a specific distance, an inner space between the outer wall and the inner wall defined by the inner wall and the lid flange, and a hole configured in an upper portion of the inner wall and an outer chamber, which is a chamber configured to be filled by introducing the gaseous hydrogen of the inner chamber through an inner wall hole, and the gaseous hydrogen filled in the outer chamber becomes a heat transfer medium because of good thermal conductivity, and the outer wall at room temperature and heat transfer between the inner wall at a relatively low temperature is performed, and the liquid hydrogen in the inner chamber is vaporized by the heat transfer so that the inner chamber is filled with gaseous hydrogen at a certain pressure or more, This can be achieved by providing a type high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer.

In addition, one side is connected to the buffer tank and the other side is a buffer tank connection pipe configured above the inner chamber so that the gaseous hydrogen flows into the buffer tank; further comprising, wherein the buffer tank connection pipe is connected to the inner chamber It may be characterized in that the liquid hydrogen is blocked when it is charged above a certain level.

In addition, coupled to the other side of the inlet pipe is configured in the inner chamber, the inlet diffuser consisting of a liquid hydrogen injection port of a mesh structure; an outlet pipe having one side connected to the buffer tank or storage tank and the other side configured on the upper part of the inner chamber through which the gaseous hydrogen flows into the buffer tank or the storage tank; and an outflow diffuser coupled to the other side of the outlet pipe and configured in the inner chamber, and configured as a gaseous hydrogen inlet of a mesh structure; Further comprising, the size of the outlet diffuser may be characterized in that it is configured to be inversely proportional to the time of injecting the liquid hydrogen and the velocity of the liquid hydrogen introduced through the inlet diffuser.

In addition, coupled to the other side of the inlet pipe is configured in the inner chamber, the inlet diffuser consisting of a liquid hydrogen injection port of a mesh structure; an outlet pipe having one side connected to the buffer tank or storage tank and the other side configured on the upper part of the inner chamber through which the gaseous hydrogen flows into the buffer tank or the storage tank; and an outlet diffuser coupled to the other side of the outlet pipe and configured in the inner chamber and configured as a gaseous hydrogen inlet of a mesh structure; wherein the inlet diffuser is configured at a position relatively lower than that of the outlet diffuser, and the The inlet diffuser may be configured to have a relatively smaller diameter or a narrower cross-sectional area than the outlet diffuser.

In addition, a heat insulating material inserted between the coupling portion of the inner wall and the lid flange; further comprising, the heat insulating material includes silica airgel (Silica Aerogel), RPUF (fiber-reinforced polyurethane foam), PUF (rigid polyurethane foam) ) may be characterized in that a polymer material or a membrane-type material such as a material is included.

In addition, the inner wall hole may further include a valve opened at a specific pressure or higher or an opening/closing module opened at a specific pressure difference between the inner chamber and the outer chamber.

Another object of the present invention, in relation to a hydrogen filling apparatus including an atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer, is connected to an inlet pipe, which is a component of the atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer, to the inner chamber of the atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer. a liquid hydrogen tank providing liquid hydrogen at a specific rate and at a specific pressure; The atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporization device is connected to the liquid hydrogen tank, the filling of the liquid hydrogen is performed, and the charged liquid hydrogen generates and outputs vaporized gaseous hydrogen; a buffer tank connected to the atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer and receiving the gaseous hydrogen flowing out from the atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer to serve as a buffer; a storage tank connected to the atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer and configured to receive and store the gaseous hydrogen output from the atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer; and a dispenser connected to the storage tank and supplying the stored gaseous hydrogen.

Another object of the present invention, in relation to the hydrogen filling method using the atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer, liquid hydrogen into the inner chamber, which is a component of the atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer, through the inlet pipe connected to the liquid hydrogen tank, the inner injecting liquid hydrogen into the chamber; a liquid hydrogen filling step in which gaseous hydrogen formed by vaporizing the liquid hydrogen is discharged through an outlet pipe connecting the inner chamber and the buffer tank, and the liquid hydrogen injected into the inner chamber is filled; and high-pressure gaseous hydrogen generating step of generating gaseous hydrogen at a specific pressure or higher by blocking the outlet pipe connecting the inner chamber and the buffer tank when the liquid hydrogen is filled in the inner chamber to a certain level or higher It can be achieved by providing a hydrogen vaporization method using a high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer.

As described above, according to the present invention, there are the following effects.

First, according to an embodiment of the present invention, high-pressure hydrogen vaporization can be achieved even when expensive liquid hydrogen pumps and multi-stage compressors are excluded, so that it is possible to install a hydrogen charging station at a low cost.

Second, according to an embodiment of the present invention, since the liquid hydrogen pump and the compressor are excluded, electrical energy is hardly consumed in the hydrogen vaporization step, so the hydrogen charging station business margin is improved by reducing energy consumption generated during hydrogen charging effect is generated.

The following drawings attached to this specification illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention, and serve to further understand the technical spirit of the present invention together with the detailed description of the present invention, so the present invention is limited only to the matters described in such drawings should not be interpreted as
1 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen charging station of a conventional liquid hydrogen system;
Figure 2 is a figure showing a vaporization device of the Fin type,
3 is a schematic diagram showing an atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporization device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
4 is a schematic diagram showing an atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporization device 1 according to another embodiment of the present invention;
5 is a schematic view showing the coupling portion of the inner wall 11 and the lid flange 60 according to an embodiment of the present invention,
6 is a schematic view showing the outer chamber 20 of the present invention,
7 is a schematic diagram showing an inner wall hole 50 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a hydrogen charging device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments in which those skilled in the art can easily practice the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, in the detailed description of the operating principle of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, if it is determined that a detailed description of a related known function or configuration may unnecessarily obscure the gist of the present invention, the detailed description thereof will be omitted.

In addition, the same reference numerals are used throughout the drawings for parts having similar functions and functions. Throughout the specification, when it is said that a certain part is connected to another part, it includes not only a case in which it is directly connected, but also a case in which it is indirectly connected with another element interposed therebetween. In addition, the inclusion of any component does not exclude other components unless otherwise stated, but means that other components may be further included.

In the following description of the invention, 'liquid hydrogen' and 'liquid hydrogen' may be used interchangeably to mean a liquid state of hydrogen.

Atmospheric High Pressure Hydrogen Vaporizer

With respect to the configuration of the atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer 1, FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is another embodiment of the present invention. It is a schematic diagram showing the atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporization device (1) according to. 3 and 4, the atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporization apparatus 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an inner chamber 10, an outer chamber 20, an inner wall hole 50, an inlet pipe ( 30 ), the inlet diffuser 31 , the buffer tank connecting pipe 42 , the outlet diffuser 41 , the storage tank connecting pipe 44 , and may be composed of a structure of a tank including the lid flange 60 . . Alternatively, in the atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporization apparatus 1 according to another embodiment of the present invention, the buffer tank connection pipe 42 and the storage tank connection pipe 44 are connected to the outlet pipe 40 to the inner chamber 10 and It may be configured to branch out of the lid flange 60 .

The inner chamber 10 means an inner space partitioned and sealed by the inner wall 11 and the lid flange 60 , liquid hydrogen for pre-cooling is injected in the inlet diffuser 31 , and liquid hydrogen is Filled (filled) means a chamber in which at least a portion of the filled liquid hydrogen is vaporized to form high-pressure gaseous hydrogen. In the inner chamber 10, an inlet pipe 30 and an inlet diffuser 31 connected to the liquid hydrogen tank 2 (about 5 to 10 bar) are configured to inject liquid hydrogen, and a buffer tank connection pipe connected to the buffer tank 42 and the outflow diffuser 41 are configured so that gaseous hydrogen flows out to the buffer tank, and a storage tank connection pipe 44 connected to the storage tank is configured so that gaseous hydrogen flows out to the storage tank, and the inner wall hole 50 is configured so that gaseous hydrogen flows out and fills the outer chamber 20 .

In relation to the coupling of the inner wall 11 and the lid flange 60 , FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a coupling portion between the inner wall 11 and the lid flange 60 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5 , according to an embodiment of the present invention, a heat insulating material is inserted between the coupling portion of the inner wall 11 and the lid flange 60 from the lid flange 60 to the inner wall 11 . It may be configured to reduce heat flow. In this case, polymer materials such as silica airgel, RPUF (fiber-reinforced polyurethane foam), and PUF (rigid polyurethane foam), membrane-type materials, etc. may be used as the insulating material.

With respect to the specific embodiment of the inner wall 11 , the thickness of the inner wall 11 may be comprised between 0.0005 m and 0.002 m, and 1/20 times to 1/100 times the thickness of the outer wall 21 . may be configured, and preferably, the thickness of the inner wall 11 may be configured as 0.001 m, and may be configured as 1/60 times the thickness of the outer wall 21 . In addition, the material of the inner wall 11 may be made of a material that can withstand a high pressure of 900 bar or more and has an appropriate thermal conductivity (0.02 to 0.05 cal/cm2/sec/℃/cm), for example, 0.0388 cal/cm2/ SUS 316L having a thermal conductivity of sec/°C/cm may be used.

In relation to the outer chamber 20, Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing the outer chamber 20 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 6 , the outer chamber 20 is formed between an outer wall 21 and an inner wall 11 defined and sealed by an outer wall 21 , an inner wall 11 and a lid flange 60 . It means an internal space, and is configured to be filled by introducing gaseous hydrogen of the inner chamber 10 through the inner wall hole 50 . Gas hydrogen filled in the outer chamber 20 becomes a heat transfer medium, and heat transfer is performed between the outer wall 21 at room temperature and the inner wall 11 at cryogenic temperature through the gaseous hydrogen filled in the outer chamber 20. , all of the liquid hydrogen in the inner chamber 10 is vaporized after a specific time by this heat transfer. In addition, an effect of canceling the pressure of gaseous hydrogen applied to the inner wall 11 from the inner chamber 10 by the gaseous hydrogen charged in the outer chamber 20 is generated.

With respect to a specific embodiment of the outer wall 21 , the thickness of the outer wall 21 may be comprised between 0.001 m and 0.2 m, and may be configured with a thickness of 20 to 100 times with respect to the inner wall 11 . and preferably, the thickness of the outer wall 21 may be composed of 0.06 m, and may be composed of a thickness of 60 times the thickness of the inner wall 11 . In addition, the material of the outer wall 21 may be made of a material that can withstand a high pressure of 900 bar or more and has an appropriate thermal conductivity (0.02 to 0.05 cal/cm2/sec/℃/cm), for example, 0.0388 cal/cm2/ SUS 316L having a thermal conductivity of sec/°C/cm may be used.

With respect to the distance between the inner wall 11 and the outer wall 21 constituting the outer chamber 20, the inner wall 11 and the outer wall 21 may be configured with an interval of 0.01 m to 0.05 m, Preferably, it may be configured at an interval of 0.03 m. According to an embodiment of the present invention, it may be configured to control the vaporization rate by adjusting the thickness of the inner wall 11 , the thickness of the outer wall 21 , or the distance between the inner wall 11 and the outer wall 21 . .

In relation to the inner wall hole 50, Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the inner wall hole 50 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 7 , the inner wall hole 50 means a hole configured on the inner wall 11 to allow gaseous hydrogen of the inner chamber 10 to flow into the outer chamber 20 . In the inner wall hole 50 according to an embodiment of the present invention, there is a valve (eg, a relief valve, a safety valve, a check valve, etc.) that is opened at a specific pressure or higher, or the pressure of the inner chamber 10 and the outer chamber 20 . An opening/closing module that is opened over a specific pressure difference between the inner chamber 10 and the outer chamber 20 by a pressure switch and an electric motor due to the difference may be configured. According to this, the effect of being able to control the amount of gaseous hydrogen in the inner chamber 10 and the outer chamber 20 by changing the set value of the valve or pressure switch is generated.

The inlet pipe 30 is connected to the liquid hydrogen tank 2 and means a pipe for delivering liquid hydrogen to the inner chamber 10 . One side of the inlet pipe 30 is connected to the liquid hydrogen tank 2 , and the other side of the inlet pipe 30 including the inlet diffuser 31 is passed through the lid flange 60 and is configured in the inner chamber 10 . . An inlet valve 32 is configured at one side of the inlet pipe 30 to control the amount and speed of liquid hydrogen flowing into the inner chamber 10 from the liquid hydrogen tank 2 .

With respect to a specific embodiment of the inlet pipe 30, the diameter of the inlet pipe 30 may be configured to 0.01m to 0.05m, preferably may be configured as a pipe having a diameter of 0.02m.

The inlet diffuser 31 is coupled to the other side of the inlet pipe 30 and refers to a liquid hydrogen injection port (refrigerant inlet of the inner chamber 10 ) having a mesh structure configured in the inner chamber 10 . Since the mesh structure is configured in the inlet diffuser 31, gas expansion is facilitated and an effect of enabling a vaporization heat cooling method is generated. The inlet diffuser 31 is configured at a relatively lower position than the outlet diffuser 41 , and is preferably configured in the middle of the inner chamber 10 . In addition, the inlet diffuser 31 is configured to have a relatively smaller diameter or narrower cross-sectional area than the outlet diffuser 41 . At this time, the effect of being able to control the vaporization pressure when the initial inner chamber 10 is cooled by setting the size difference or ratio between the diameters or cross-sectional areas of the inlet diffuser 31 and the outlet diffuser 41 is generated. In addition, the effect of being able to adjust the pressure of gaseous hydrogen generated according to the pressure of the liquid hydrogen introduced from the inflow diffuser 31, the injection rate, etc. is generated.

The outlet pipe 40 is connected to the buffer tank or storage tank and means a pipe for transferring gaseous hydrogen of the inner chamber 10, and may include a buffer tank connection pipe 42 and a storage tank connection pipe 44. there is.

The buffer tank connection pipe 42 is a pipe having one side connected to the outflow diffuser 41 and the other side connected to the buffer tank to transmit gaseous hydrogen. A buffer tank valve 43 is configured on one side of the buffer tank connection pipe 42 to control the amount and speed of gaseous hydrogen flowing into the buffer tank from the inner chamber 10 . In this case, a plurality of buffer tanks according to an embodiment of the present invention may be configured.

The storage tank connection pipe 44 means a pipe through which one side is connected to the outflow diffuser 41 and the other side is connected to the storage tank to transmit gaseous hydrogen. A storage tank valve 45 is configured on one side of the storage tank connection pipe 44 to control the amount and speed of gaseous hydrogen flowing into the storage tank from the inner chamber 10 . At this time, the storage tank according to an embodiment of the present invention may be configured in plurality according to the storage order or pressure level of gaseous hydrogen.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, an outlet pipe 40 integrating the buffer tank connection pipe 42 and the storage tank connection pipe 44 may be configured, and the buffer tank connection pipe is branched from the outside of the inner chamber 10 . (42) and may be configured to branch into the storage tank connection pipe (44). One side of the buffer tank connection pipe 42 and the storage tank connection pipe 44 is connected to the other side (branch point) of the outlet pipe 40 from the outside of the inner chamber 10 , and the outlet diffuser 41 is connected to the outlet pipe 40 ) may be configured to be connected to one side of the.

The outflow diffuser 41 is coupled to one side (or one side of the outlet pipe 40) of the buffer tank connection pipe 42 and the storage tank connection pipe 44, and is gaseous hydrogen of a mesh structure configured in the inner chamber 10 It means the intake port (the refrigerant outlet of the inner chamber 10). Since the mesh structure is configured in the outlet diffuser 41, the effect that it becomes possible to adjust and control the ejection by fluctuations due to the rapid boiling and pressure of the cryogenic fluid is generated. The outlet diffuser 41 is configured at a relatively higher position than the inlet diffuser 31 , and is preferably configured at the top of the inner chamber 10 . In addition, the outlet diffuser 41 is configured to have a relatively larger diameter or a larger cross-sectional area than the inlet diffuser 31 . At this time, the effect of being able to control the vaporization pressure when the initial inner chamber 10 is cooled by setting the size difference or ratio between the diameters or cross-sectional areas of the outlet diffuser 41 and the inlet diffuser 31 is generated.

With respect to the size of the outlet diffuser 41 , the size (diameter) of the outlet diffuser 41 according to an embodiment of the present invention is determined by the velocity of the liquid hydrogen introduced through the inlet diffuser 31 and the time for injecting the liquid hydrogen. It can be configured to be inversely proportional to . In a specific embodiment, the size of the outlet diffuser 41 may be calculated as shown in Table 1 below.

Basic example specification
Inner chamber (10) volume (Volume_vaporizer) = 100L
Inner Chamber (10) Mass (Mass_vaporizer) = Volume_vaporizer*0.071kg/liter = 7.1kg at 20.28K & 1.013 bar
Inner chamber (10) diameter (Dia_vaporizer) = 310mm
Inner Chamber (10) Height(Height_vaporizer) = Volume_vaporizer/(π/4*Dia_vaporizer) = 1.325m
Inner wall (11) thickness (Wall_innervessel) = 1 mm
Inner wall (11) mass (Mass_innervessel) = 8000 kg/m ³ *Wall_innervessel*π/4*Dia_vaporizer*Height_vaporizer = 10.323 kg
Inner wall (11) heat capacity (C_pss) = 350 J/kgK
Calculation of the need to cool the inner wall (11)
inner wall (11) calorific value (Q_innervessel) = C_pss*Mass_innervessel*(300K-20K) = 1.012*10 ⁶ J
Outer wall (21) thickness (Wall_outervessel) = 30 mm
Outer Wall (21) Mass (Mass_outervessel) = 8000 kg/m ³ *Wall_outervessel*π/4*Dia_vaporizer*Height_vaporizer = 309.677 kg
Latent heat of hydrogen (H_latent) = 455*10 ³ J/kg
Mass of vaporized hydrogen = Q_innervessel/H_latent = 2.223 kg
Total amount of heat to cool the inner chamber (10) = Mass_vaporizer*H_latent = 3.231*10 ⁶ J
Calculate Minimum Outflow Diffuser (41) Diameter
Amount of gaseous hydrogen generated = 5/10 kg/min = 30 kg/hr
It is assumed that the temperature of the inner chamber 10 becomes 30K immediately after filling with liquid hydrogen.
Specific heat of 30K gaseous hydrogen (ρ30K_GH2) = 70 kg/m ³
Volume of 30K gaseous hydrogen (Volume_30K_GH2) = (Q_innervessel/H_latent*70)/ρ30K_GH2 = 2.223 m ³
Liquid hydrogen inflow velocity (Velocity_LH2) = 1 m/s
Liquid hydrogen injection time (Time_LH2) = 5 min
Minimum vent cross-sectional area (Area) = Volume_30K_GH2/(Velocity*Time) = 7.411*10 ^-3 m ²
Minimum Outflow Diffuser (41) Diameter (Dia_ColdVent) = (Area/π*4) ^0.5 = 0.097m

As described in the above embodiment, while filling the inner chamber 10 with liquid hydrogen, the inner wall 11 is cooled while the liquid hydrogen is vaporized. Vaporized gaseous hydrogen accumulates in the inner chamber 10 until the inner wall 11 is sufficiently cooled. If this is not exhausted to the buffer tank through the outflow diffuser 41, the pressure in the inner chamber 10 is rapidly increased. Since liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen tank 2 flows into the inner chamber 10 at a low or normal pressure, if the pressure in the inner chamber 10 is a high pressure above a certain level, the liquid hydrogen does not flow into the inner chamber 10 or flows backward. do. In order to prevent this, it can be configured to determine the size (diameter) of the outlet diffuser 41 by calculating the amount of vaporization through thermodynamic calculation in consideration of the time to inject liquid hydrogen (Time_LH2) and the rate of liquid hydrogen inflow (Velocity_LH2) there is. Alternatively, it may be configured to set a time limit for injecting liquid hydrogen (Time_LH2) and a limiting rate for liquid hydrogen inflow (Velocity_LH2) based on the preset size (diameter) of the outflow diffuser 41 .

The lid flange 60 is coupled to the upper portions of the inner wall 11 and the outer wall 21 to seal the upper portion of the inner chamber 10 and the outer chamber 20, and the inlet pipe 30, The buffer tank connection pipe 42 and the storage tank connection pipe 44 (or the outlet pipe 40 ) may be configured to pass through and be configured to be inserted into the inner chamber 10 .

Regarding the operational relationship of the atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer 1, the atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer 1 may be configured to generate high-pressure hydrogen in the following steps.

(1) Injection of liquid hydrogen for pre-cooling into the inner chamber 10

It is a step of injecting liquid hydrogen into the inner chamber 10 at low or normal pressure through the inlet pipe 30 and the inlet diffuser 31 in the liquid hydrogen tank 2 (about 20K) having a pressure of 5 bar to 10 bar. .

(2) liquid hydrogen vaporization and cooling of inner wall (11)

At this time, the inflow diffuser 31 (Mesh, mesh) coupled to the other side of the inlet pipe 30 is configured to control the amount of supplied liquid hydrogen, and as the liquid hydrogen is dispersed, the internal temperature of the inner wall 11 (about 300K) ) is immediately heated and vaporized, and the cold gaseous hydrogen produced at that time cools the inner wall 11 slowly. At this time, the cooling of the inner wall 11 is performed by absorption of vaporization heat of liquid hydrogen, and since the thickness of the inner wall 11 is relatively thin, the cooling time of the inner wall 11 can be configured to be short, When the cooling of the inner wall 11 is made to about 20K, which is the critical temperature of hydrogen, the inflowing liquid hydrogen starts to accumulate in the inner chamber 10 .

(3) Open the buffer tank valve (43) of the buffer tank connection pipe (42)

At this time, the buffer tank valve 43 is opened so that the internal pressure of the inner chamber 10 is maintained below a specific level. When the internal pressure of the inner chamber 10 exceeds a certain level, liquid hydrogen does not flow into the inner chamber 10 or flows backward.

(4) Shut off buffer tank valve (43) and shut off inlet valve (32)

When the inner chamber 10 is filled with liquid hydrogen above a certain level, the buffer tank valve 43 and the inlet valve 32 are shut off. The liquid hydrogen accumulated in the inner chamber 10 is partially vaporized through the inner wall hole 50, which is a hole configured on the inner wall 11, in the outer chamber, which is the space between the inner wall 11 and the outer wall 21. 20, and heat transfer between the outer wall 21 at room temperature and the inner wall 11 at cryogenic temperature is achieved through this gaseous hydrogen. Due to this, after a specific time, all liquid hydrogen in the inner chamber 10 is vaporized into gaseous hydrogen, and high-pressure hydrogen of about 900 bar is formed.

Hydrogen charging device using atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer (1)

In relation to the configuration of the hydrogen filling apparatus using the atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer 1, FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a hydrogen filling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 8, the hydrogen charging device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a liquid hydrogen tank 2, an atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer 1, a buffer tank 3, a storage tank 4, a dispenser ( 5) may be configured to include.

The liquid hydrogen tank (2) is a Liquid Hydrogen Bulk Tank having a pressure of 5 bar to 10 bar, and is connected to the inlet pipe (30) and has a liquid of about 20K in the inner chamber (10) of the atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer (1). A tank in which hydrogen is injected at a specific rate and at a specific pressure.

The atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer 1 is a hydrogen vaporization tank as described above, with an inner chamber 10 , an outer chamber 20 , an inner wall hole 50 , an inlet pipe 30 , and an inlet diffuser 31 . , a buffer tank connection pipe 42 , an outflow diffuser 41 , a storage tank connection pipe 44 , and may be configured in a structure of a tank including a lid flange 60 . In addition, when a plurality of atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizers 1 are configured in one hydrogen charging device, when one atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer 1 outputs high-pressure hydrogen, the remaining atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizers 1 In the vaporization of liquid hydrogen proceeds may be configured so that the charging of high-pressure hydrogen proceeds at the same time.

The buffer tank 3 is connected to the buffer tank connection pipe 42 and flows out from the atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer 1 to fill the inner chamber 10 of the atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer 1 with liquid hydrogen. It means a tank that accepts gaseous hydrogen and acts as a buffer. The buffer tank is connected to the H ₂ Fuel Cell and may be configured to utilize gaseous hydrogen stored in the buffer tank.

The storage tank 4 is connected to the storage tank connection pipe 44 to receive and store high-pressure gaseous hydrogen from the atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer 1 that is filled with high-pressure gaseous hydrogen, and a dispenser and It means the tank to be connected. In addition, a plurality of storage tanks 4 are configured in one hydrogen filling device, and may be configured as an ultra-high pressure storage tank, a high pressure storage tank, or a low pressure storage tank depending on the pressure level of gaseous hydrogen, and when the storage tank is filled, the pressure It may be configured to be filled in this high order, and when output to the dispenser, it may be configured to be output in a low order of pressure.

The dispenser 5 refers to a module that is connected to the storage tank 4 and supplies gaseous hydrogen to an onboard tank such as a hydrogen vehicle, an aircraft, or a drone, and is charged at 700 bar to 800 bar.

As described above, those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains will be able to understand that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without changing the technical spirit or essential features thereof. Therefore, it should be understood that the above-described embodiments are illustrative in all respects and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is indicated by the following claims rather than the detailed description, and all changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and equivalent concepts should be construed as being included in the scope of the present invention.

1: Atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer
2: Liquid hydrogen tank
3: Buffer Tank
4: storage tank
5: Dispenser
10: inner chamber
11: inner wall
20: outer chamber
21: outer wall
30: inlet pipe
31: inlet diffuser
32: inlet valve
40: outlet pipe
41: spill diffuser
42: buffer tank connector
43: buffer tank valve
44: storage tank connector
45: storage tank valve
50: inner wall hall
60: lid flange

Claims (8)

It means an internal space partitioned by an inner wall and a lid flange, and liquid hydrogen is introduced into the inside by an inlet pipe connected to a liquid hydrogen tank on one side, and the liquid hydrogen is filled, and at least a portion of the filled liquid hydrogen is vaporized an inner chamber, a chamber in which gaseous hydrogen is formed;
An inner wall, which is a hole configured in an upper portion of the inner wall, means an outer wall configured to be spaced apart from the inner wall, the inner wall, and the inner space between the outer wall and the inner wall defined by the lid flange an outer chamber, which is a chamber configured to be filled by introducing the gaseous hydrogen of the inner chamber through a hole;
an inlet diffuser coupled to the other side of the inlet pipe and configured in the inner chamber, and comprising a liquid hydrogen injection port having a mesh structure;
an outlet pipe having one side connected to the buffer tank or storage tank and the other side configured on the upper part of the inner chamber through which the gaseous hydrogen flows out to the buffer tank or the storage tank; and
an outflow diffuser coupled to the other side of the outlet pipe and configured in the inner chamber, and configured as a gaseous hydrogen inlet of a mesh structure;
including,
The inlet diffuser is configured at a relatively lower position than the outlet diffuser,
The inlet diffuser is configured to have a relatively smaller diameter or narrower cross-sectional area than the outlet diffuser,
The gaseous hydrogen filled in the outer chamber becomes a heat transfer medium, so that heat transfer is performed between the outer wall at room temperature and the inner wall at a relatively low temperature, and the liquid hydrogen in the inner chamber is vaporized by the heat transfer. It is characterized in that the inner chamber is filled with gaseous hydrogen above a certain pressure,
Atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer.
The method of claim 1,
The outlet pipe is
a buffer tank connection pipe having one side connected to the buffer tank and the other side configured above the inner chamber so that the gaseous hydrogen flows into the buffer tank;
including,
The buffer tank connection pipe, characterized in that when the liquid hydrogen is filled in the inner chamber to a certain level or more, it is blocked,
Atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer.
The method of claim 1,
characterized in that the size of the outlet diffuser is configured to be inversely proportional to the rate of liquid hydrogen introduced through the inlet diffuser and the time to inject the liquid hydrogen,
Atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer.
delete The method of claim 1,
an insulating material inserted between the coupling portion of the inner wall and the lid flange;
further comprising,
The insulating material is characterized in that it includes a polymer material or membrane-type material such as silica airgel, RPUF (fiber-reinforced polyurethane foam), PUF (hard polyurethane foam),
Atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer.
The method of claim 1,
The inner wall hole, characterized in that it further comprises an opening/closing module that is opened more than a valve or a specific pressure difference between the inner chamber and the outer chamber or a valve opened at a specific pressure or more,
Atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer.
With respect to a hydrogen filling apparatus comprising an atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer according to claim 1,
a liquid hydrogen tank connected to an inlet pipe that is a component of the atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer to provide liquid hydrogen at a specific speed and a specific pressure to the inner chamber of the atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer;
The atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer for generating and outputting gaseous hydrogen in which the liquid hydrogen is filled and the liquid hydrogen is filled with the liquid hydrogen tank;
a buffer tank connected to the atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer and receiving the gaseous hydrogen flowing out from the atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer to serve as a buffer;
a storage tank connected to the atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer and configured to receive and store the gaseous hydrogen output from the atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer; and
a dispenser connected to the storage tank and supplying the stored gaseous hydrogen;
containing,
Hydrogen charging device using atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer.
With respect to the hydrogen filling method using the atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer according to claim 1,
a liquid hydrogen injection step of injecting liquid hydrogen into the inner chamber, which is a component of the atmospheric high-pressure hydrogen vaporizer, through an inlet pipe connected to the liquid hydrogen tank;
a liquid hydrogen filling step in which gaseous hydrogen formed by vaporizing the liquid hydrogen is discharged through an outlet pipe connecting the inner chamber and the buffer tank, and the liquid hydrogen injected into the inner chamber is filled; and
high-pressure gaseous hydrogen generating step of generating gaseous hydrogen above a specific pressure by blocking the outlet pipe connecting the inner chamber and the buffer tank when the liquid hydrogen is filled in the inner chamber to a certain level or higher;
containing,
Hydrogen vaporization method using atmospheric high pressure hydrogen vaporizer.

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