KR102371679B1 - Fluidized bed combustion system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fluidized bed combustion apparatus. An objective of the present invention is to provide the fluidized bed combustion apparatus for stably inducing a combustion reaction in a fluidized bed reactor. The fluidized bed combustion apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: the fluidized bed reactor including a first reaction unit in which a first fuel and an air supplied into a fluidized bed in which a flow of particles exist is mixed and rises due to a difference in density between the particles and a gas and a second reaction unit extended and formed above the first reaction unit; and an igniter provided in a lean region of the first reaction unit to induce combustion.

Description

Fluidized Bed Combustion System {FLUIDIZED BED COMBUSTION SYSTEM}

The present invention relates to a fluidized bed reactor, and more particularly, to a fluidized bed combustion apparatus used in a fluidized bed reactor.

As is known, a fluidized bed reactor causes fluidized particles in powder form and gaseous reactants to move together in a flow field. As an example, a fluidized bed reactor maximizes reaction performance by applying catalyst particles as fluidized particles to show high mixing characteristics of reactants and catalyst particles.

The combustion reaction of a fluidized bed reactor is used for the purpose of raising the catalyst temperature in the petrochemical industry, or sand particles are used as fluidized particles to obtain combustion heat of fuel. A fluidized bed reactor requires a stable combustion reaction. However, as a result of many studies, fluidized bed reactors require a high reaction temperature (for methane, 850°C or more) to burn fuel or a long reaction time for fuel combustion reaction to occur. This phenomenon is because the combustion reaction is delayed due to the interaction between the particle surface and the catalytic reaction.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a fluidized bed combustion apparatus for stably inducing a combustion reaction in a fluidized bed reactor. It is an object of the present invention to provide a fluidized bed combustion device that induces a fast and stable combustion reaction even at a low temperature compared to the prior art.

In a fluidized bed combustion device according to an embodiment of the present invention, a first reaction unit and a first reaction unit in which a first fuel and air supplied in a fluidized bed in which a flow of particles exist are mixed and rise by a difference in density between the particles and the gas, and the first reaction unit It includes a fluidized bed reactor including a second reaction part extended and formed above, and an igniter provided in the lean region of the first reaction part to induce combustion.

The igniter may include a fuel supply grid or a fuel supply pipe provided in the lean region of the first reaction unit to inject the second fuel.

The igniter may include a spark igniter, a plasma igniter, or a glow igniter that is provided in the lean region of the first reaction unit to provide a spark, plasma, or glow, respectively.

The first reaction unit may form a bubbling fluidization region in which particles are concentrated and the lean region, and the igniter may be installed in the lean region above a boundary between the bubbling fluidized bed region and the lean region.

The first reaction unit may further include a baffle installed above the igniter.

The first reaction unit may form a turbulent fluidization region in which particles are concentrated and the lean region, and the igniter may be installed in the lean region above a boundary between the turbulent fluidized bed region and the lean region.

The first reaction unit may further include a baffle installed above the igniter.

The first reaction unit may form a fast fluidization region in which particles are dense and the lean region, and the igniter may be installed in the lean region above a boundary between the fast fluidization region and the lean region.

The first reaction unit may further include a baffle installed above the igniter.

The first reaction section forms a dilute pneumatic conveying region of the particles, and the igniter may be provided in the dilute pneumatic conveying region.

The first reaction unit may further include a baffle installed above the igniter.

The baffle may be formed as a V-shaped vane having V-shaped cross-sectional holes.

The first reaction unit may include a baffle having pores in a dense region where particles are dense, and the igniter may be installed in a partially thin region formed directly below the baffle.

The baffle may be formed of a perforated plate.

The second fuel is a fuel for inducing ignition of the first fuel, and may be one of the same fuel as the first fuel, another gaseous fuel, and another liquid fuel.

As such, an embodiment of the present invention provides an igniter in the lean region of the first reaction unit, which rises due to the difference in density between particles and gas, to supply energy equal to or greater than the ignition energy to implement and induce local combustion and ignition. of combustion reaction can be stably implemented.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a baffle is installed above the igniter in the dense region of the first reaction unit to form a local partially lean region among the dense region under the baffle, so that the flow of particles is maintained in the partially lean region and the gaseous reactant By increasing the residence time, the combustion reaction of the fluidized bed reactor can be induced more stably.

1 is a perspective view of a fluidized bed reactor to which a fluidized bed combustion apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention is applied.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the fluidized bed combustion apparatus (turbulent fluidization, lean zone and igniter) applied to FIG. 1 .
3 is a perspective view of a fuel supply grid that is an example of the igniter applied to FIG. 2 .
4 is a block diagram of a fluidized bed combustion apparatus (fast fluidization, lean zone, and igniter) according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a block diagram of a fluidized bed combustion apparatus (dilute pneumatic conveying and igniter) according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
6 is a block diagram of a fluidized bed combustion apparatus (turbulent fluidization and lean zone, baffle and igniter) according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
7 is a block diagram of a fluidized bed combustion device (fast fluidization and lean region, baffle and igniter) according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
8 is a block diagram of a fluidized bed combustion apparatus (dilute pneumatic conveying, baffle and igniter) according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
9 is a block diagram of a fluidized bed combustion device (baffle, fuel supply grid, and igniter) according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a plan view of the baffle applied to FIG. 9 .
11 to 12 are plan views of the baffle applied to the fluidized bed combustion apparatus according to the eighth and ninth embodiments of the present invention.
13 is a simulation image showing a combustion state in the fluidized bed combustion apparatus according to Comparative Example 1 to which a baffle is not applied.
14 to 16 are simulation images showing the combustion state in the fluidized bed combustion apparatus according to the seventh to ninth embodiments of the present invention.
17 is a graph showing the relationship between the methane conversion rate and the mixing ratio of the ignition source in Comparative Example 2 in which only the baffle is applied and the fluidized bed combustion apparatus in which the baffle and the igniter (hydrogen ignition) are applied.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail so that those skilled in the art can easily carry out the present invention. However, the present invention may be embodied in several different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. In order to clearly explain the present invention in the drawings, parts irrelevant to the description are omitted, and the same reference numerals are given to the same or similar components throughout the specification.

1 is a perspective view of a fluidized bed reactor to which a fluidized bed combustion apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention is applied. Referring to FIG. 1 , the fluidized bed combustion apparatus 100 of the first embodiment includes a fluidized bed reactor 10 and an igniter 20 .

The fluidized bed reactor 10 includes a first reaction unit 101 and a first reaction unit 101 in which the first fuel and air supplied in the fluidized bed in which the flow of particles exist, are mixed and rise due to the difference in density between the particles and the gas. It includes a second reaction unit 102 that is extended and formed above. The igniter 20 is provided in the lean region of the first reaction unit 101 to provide an ignition source to implement and induce local combustion and ignition.

The fluidized bed combustion apparatus 100 of the first embodiment may be utilized in a boiler (not shown), a catalytic reactor (not shown), and a catalyst regenerator (not shown) for inducing a combustion reaction in the fluidized bed reactor 10 . The fluidized bed reactor 10 basically includes an air fuel supply unit 111 that supplies combustion air and a first fuel in a fluidized bed in which particle flow exists, that is, the first reaction unit 101 .

The air fuel supply unit 111 may be formed in a form in which combustion air and the first fuel are separately supplied or mixed in advance. Combustion air and the first fuel supplied from the lower end of the first reaction unit 101 of the fluidized bed reactor 10 to the air fuel supply unit 111 are mixed, and the difference in densities between the particles and the gas in the first reaction unit 101 is generated. will rise

In this case, the first reaction unit 101 forms a lower dense region A1 in which particles are dense and an upper thin region A2 in which particles are sparse. Embodiments of the present invention use the baffles 40, 41, 42, 43 and the igniter 20 to induce combustion in the partially lean region A11 formed partially in the dense region A1, or the lean region ( In A2), only the igniter 20 is used (refer to FIGS. 1 to 9).

The baffle 40 is formed of a V-shaped vane (refer to FIGS. 6 to 8 ) or a perforated plate having V-shaped cross-sectional holes to form a partially sparse area A11 in the dense area A1. And (see FIGS. 9 to 12), it is possible to implement and induce local combustion and ignition due to the igniter 20.

The igniter 20 provides an ignition source to enable high combustion efficiency. After combustion, the exhaust gas is separated from the particles by a cyclone (not shown) connected to the upper end of the second reaction unit 102 of the fluidized bed reactor 10, and then exits the fluidized bed reactor 10, and the particles enter the fluidized bed reactor ( 10) is re-supplied to the first reaction unit 101 .

As an example, the combustion technology of the fluidized bed reactor 10 may be applied to a general boiler. A boiler to which the fluidized bed reactor 10 is applied has high temperature stability due to the high heat transfer characteristics of the fluidized bed reactor 10 . However, there may be difficulties in maintaining a relatively high combustion temperature due to an increase in ignition delay time and an anti-inflammation phenomenon in the combustion reaction due to particles in the gaseous fuel combustion reaction.

For example, in the fluidized bed reactor 10 of 850° C. or higher, since the igniter 20 is separately configured in the lean region A2 or the dense region A1, an increase in ignition delay time due to particles does not occur. Also, a relatively low temperature, that is, the fluidized bed reactor 10 of 700° C. or less, may induce a combustion reaction due to the igniter 20 .

In the petroleum and chemical industries, a catalyst regenerator is used as a component device for a light olefin production process, and embodiments of the present invention may be applied to the catalyst regenerator. In the light olefin production process using naphtha as the main raw material, a catalyst is used for naphtha cracking, and the naphtha cracking reaction requires heat, and coke is generated on the catalyst surface during the catalytic cracking process, thereby reducing catalyst performance. The catalyst regenerator performs the necessary functions through combustion of additional fuel, that is, heat and coke combustion due to local combustion and ignition, to remove the heat and coke on the catalyst surface required for naphtha decomposition.

The catalyst used in the naphtha cracking reaction is moved by the flow of gas, separated by a cyclone and supplied to the catalyst regenerator. The coke on the surface of the catalyst particles in the catalyst regenerator is burned by combustion air and a high temperature of 650°C or higher. In addition, gas-phase fuel can be used to supply additional heat, and at this time, a baffle (perforated plate) is provided in a dense area where the catalysts in the catalyst regenerator are concentrated and an igniter 20 is provided at a certain distance below the baffle. , it can accelerate the combustion reaction of gaseous fuel.

The igniter 20 may utilize a fuel supply grid 30 or a fuel supply pipe (not shown) for supplying a second fuel (a heterogeneous gaseous fuel or liquid fuel) having a faster combustion rate than the first fuel (main fuel). there is. The first fuel may be used as the second fuel. Hereinafter, the fuel supply grid 30 will be described. In addition, the igniter 20 may utilize a separate plasma igniter, a spark igniter, or a glow igniter.

After combustion, the exhaust gas is discharged through the upper cyclone of the catalyst regenerator, and the catalyst is introduced into the catalyst regenerator and circulated. The catalyst regenerated in the catalyst regenerator is supplied to the riser area where the naphtha-catalytic cracking reaction takes place again through the catalyst outlet at the bottom of the catalyst regenerator, and is used for naphtha cracking and then circulated back to the catalyst regenerator.

The utility value of the examples of the present invention in the catalyst regenerator can be seen compared to the case where the examples are not applied. If the embodiments are not provided, the gas phase combustion reaction due to the behavior of the catalyst particles is suppressed, and only the catalytic combustion reaction occurs on the catalyst surface. A fairly long reaction time is required, and if a sufficient reaction time is not secured, an after-burning phenomenon occurs in which the residual fuel is burned all at once at the top of the catalyst regenerator. The post-combustion phenomenon causes a problem of durability of the reactor material of the catalyst regenerator and a problem of reducing the performance of the catalyst.

However, when the embodiments of the present invention are applied, gas-phase combustion can be induced in the partially lean region A14 formed in the dense region A51 (refer to FIG. 9 ), so that the gas-phase and catalytic combustion can be utilized together, so it is fast Combustion is possible, and the after-combustion phenomenon can be eliminated by inducing complete combustion of fuel within the limited residence time of the catalyst regenerator.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the fluidized bed combustion apparatus applied to FIG. 1 . Referring to FIG. 2 , in the fluidized bed combustion apparatus 100 of the first embodiment, the first reaction unit 101 forms a dense region A1 and a sparse region A2 due to turbulent fluidization. The igniter 20 , that is, the fuel supply grid 30 is installed in the turbulent fluidized bed region, that is, in the lean region A2 above the boundary between the dense region A1 and the lean region A2 to inject the second fuel.

2, the first reaction unit 101 has a dense region A1 and a sparse region due to a bubbling fluidization region in which particles are dense, before forming the turbulent fluidized bed region. (A2) is formed. Also in this case, the igniter 20 is installed in the bubbling fluidized bed region, that is, in the lean region A2 above the boundary between the dense region A1 and the lean region A2 to inject the second fuel.

3 is a perspective view of a fuel supply grid that is an example of the igniter applied to FIG. 2 . Referring to FIG. 3 , the igniter 20 may be formed as a fuel supply grid 30 provided in the lean region A2 of the first reaction unit 101 to inject the second fuel.

The fuel supply grid 30 includes pipes 31 and 32 that cross and connect the passages to each other, and a plurality of nozzles 33 provided in the pipes 31 and 32 to inject the secondary fuel. The nozzle 33 is formed to be inclined downward at an angle θ set in the horizontal direction. By injecting the second fuel in a direction that resists the rising airflow in the first reaction unit 101 and the lean region A2, local combustion and ignition are implemented.

In addition, although not shown separately, the igniter 20 may be formed as a spark igniter, a plasma igniter, or a glow igniter provided in the lean region A2 of the first reaction unit 101 to provide a spark, plasma, or glow, respectively.

By discharging a spark, plasma, or glow in a direction that resists the rising airflow in the first reaction unit 101 and the lean region A2 , local combustion and ignition may be implemented.

4 is a block diagram of a fluidized bed combustion apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 4 , in the fluidized bed combustion apparatus 200 according to the second embodiment, the first reaction unit 101 forms a dense area A21 and a sparse area A22 due to fast fluidization. The igniter 20 , ie, the fuel supply grid 30 , is installed in the high-speed fluidized bed region, that is, in the lean region A22 above the boundary between the dense region A21 and the lean region A22 to inject the second fuel. By injecting the second fuel from the fuel supply grid 30 , local combustion and ignition are implemented in the first reaction unit 101 and the lean region A22 .

5 is a block diagram of a fluidized bed combustion apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 5 , in the fluidized bed combustion apparatus 300 of the third embodiment, the first reaction unit 101 forms a lean region A32 due to dilute pneumatic conveying. There is no dense area here. The igniter 20 is installed in the lean-phase air transport region, ie the lean region A32. Second fuel is injected from the fuel supply grid 30 to implement local combustion and ignition in the lean region A32 .

When the turbulent fluidized bed region of the first embodiment is formed, when the high-velocity fluidized bed region of the second embodiment is formed, when the lean-phase air transport region of the third embodiment is formed, the igniter is gradually increased in the first reaction section 101 It is installed at a lowered position and injects the secondary fuel from the fuel supply grid 30 to implement local combustion and ignition in the lean regions A2, A22, and A32, thereby enabling further combustion while rising.

6 is a block diagram of a fluidized bed combustion apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 6 , compared to the first embodiment, in the fluidized bed combustion apparatus 110 of the fourth embodiment, the first reaction unit 101 is an igniter, for example, a baffle installed above the fuel supply grid 30 ( 40) is further included. The baffle 40 may be formed as a V-shaped vane having V-shaped cross-sectional holes.

Since the baffle 40 forms a flow through the V-shaped cross-sectional holes, a partially lean region A11 may be further formed under the baffle 40 . By injecting the second fuel from the fuel supply grid 30 , local combustion and ignition may be further implemented in the lean area A2 and the partially lean area A11 .

7 is a block diagram of a fluidized bed combustion apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 7 , compared to the second embodiment, in the fluidized bed combustion apparatus 210 of the fifth embodiment, the first reaction unit 101 is an igniter, for example, a baffle installed above the fuel supply grid 30 ( 40) is further included.

Since the baffle 40 forms a flow through the V-shaped cross-sectional holes, a partially lean region A12 may be further formed below the baffle 40 . By injecting the secondary fuel from the fuel supply grid 30 , it is possible to further implement local combustion and ignition in the lean area A22 and the partially lean area A12 .

8 is a block diagram of a fluidized bed combustion apparatus according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 8 , compared to the third embodiment, in the fluidized bed combustion apparatus 310 of the sixth embodiment, the first reaction unit 101 is an igniter, for example, a baffle installed above the fuel supply grid 30 ( 40) is further included.

Since the baffle 40 forms a flow through the V-shaped cross-sectional holes, a partially thinned region A13 may be further formed below the baffle 40 . By injecting the secondary fuel from the fuel supply grid 30 , local combustion and ignition may be further implemented in the lean region A32 and the partially lean region A13 .

9 is a block diagram of a fluidized bed combustion device (baffle, fuel supply grid, and igniter) according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 9 , in the fluidized bed combustion apparatus 300 of the seventh embodiment, the first reaction unit 101 includes a baffle 41 having pores, and the igniter 20 is located directly below the baffle 41 . It is provided in the partial lean region A14 to be formed.

FIG. 10 is a plan view of the baffle applied to FIG. 9 . 9 and 10 , for example, the baffle 41 is installed in the dense area A51 and may be formed of a perforated plate. Since the baffle 41 forms a flow through the pores H1 of the perforated plate, a partially lean region A14 is formed below the dense region A51.

Local combustion and ignition in the partially lean area A14 formed in the dense area A51 by injecting the secondary fuel from the igniter 20 installed in the partially lean area A14, that is, the fuel supply grid 30, is performed. more can be implemented.

For example, the opening ratio of the baffle 41 by the pores H1 is 0.50. The pores H1 are formed in 19 pieces and have a diameter of 20.0 mm.

11 to 12 are plan views of the baffle applied to the fluidized bed combustion apparatus according to the eighth and ninth embodiments of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 11 , the opening ratio of the baffle 42 due to the pores H2 is 0.40. The pores H1 are formed in 19 pieces and have a diameter of 18.0 mm. Referring to FIG. 12 , the opening ratio of the baffle 43 due to the pores H3 is 0.32. The pores H1 are formed in 19 pieces and have a diameter of 16.0 mm.

13 is a simulation image showing the combustion state in the fluidized bed combustion apparatus according to Comparative Example 1 to which the baffle is not applied, and FIGS. 14 to 16 are the combustion state in the fluidized bed combustion apparatus according to the seventh to ninth embodiments of the present invention. is a simulation image showing

In FIG. 14 , the baffle 41 having an aperture ratio of 0.50 of FIG. 10 is provided in the dense area A51 , and the partially sparse area A14 is formed below the baffle 41 in the dense area A51 . Since the igniter 20 is provided in the partially lean region A14 to implement local combustion and ignition, it is possible to implement local combustion and ignition even in the dense region A51 .

In FIG. 15 , the baffle 42 having an aperture ratio of 0.40 of FIG. 11 is provided in the dense area A51 , and the partially sparse area A14 is formed below the baffle 42 in the dense area A51 . Since the igniter 20 is provided in the partially lean region A14 to implement local combustion and ignition, it is possible to implement local combustion and ignition even in the dense region A51 .

In FIG. 16 , the baffle 43 having an aperture ratio of 0.30 of FIG. 12 is provided in the dense area A51 , and the partially sparse area A14 is formed below the baffle 43 in the dense area A51 . Since the igniter 20 is provided in the partially lean region A14 to implement local combustion and ignition, it is possible to implement local combustion and ignition even in the dense region A51 .

On the other hand, in FIG. 13 , the baffle 41 is not provided in the dense area A51 , so that the partially sparse area is not formed in the dense area A51 . Even if the igniter 20 is provided at a position corresponding to the partially lean region A14 of FIGS. 14 to 16 , local combustion and ignition cannot be implemented.

17 is a graph showing the relationship between the methane conversion rate and the mixing ratio of the ignition source in Comparative Example 2 in which only the baffle is applied and the fluidized bed combustion apparatus in which the baffle and the igniter (hydrogen ignition) are applied. Referring to FIG. 17 , the superficial velocity of the fluidized bed reactor 10 in the fluidized bed combustion device is 1 m/s, the temperature is 720-730° C., the residence time is 1.0 sec, and the opening ratio of the baffle is This 0.5 was tested.

Compared to the case where only the baffle was applied (L1), when the baffle and hydrogen ignition were applied (L2), the conversion rate of methane (CH ₄ conversion) (%) to the equivalence (Ф) of the ignition source was higher (L2 > L1).

Although not shown, the hydrogen ignition may be formed by a nozzle that injects hydrogen at a height of 0.4 m from the lowermost end of the first reaction part of the reactor. By sampling the reaction gas at a height of 1.0 m in the first reaction part, the conversion rate of methane was confirmed, and the result of FIG. 17 was obtained.

Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited thereto, and it is possible to carry out various modifications within the scope of the claims, the description of the invention, and the accompanying drawings, and this also It goes without saying that it falls within the scope of the invention.

10: fluidized bed reactor 20: igniter
30: fuel supply grid 31, 32: pipe
33: nozzle 40, 41, 42, 43: baffle
100, 110, 200, 210, 300, 310: fluidized bed combustion device
101: first reaction unit 102: second reaction unit
111: air fuel supply A1, A21, A51: dense area
A11, A12, A13, A14: partially sparse regions
A2, A22, A32: sparse region A51: dense region
H1, H2, H3: porosity θ: angle

Claims (16)

A fluidized bed reactor comprising: a first reaction unit in which a first fuel and air supplied in a fluidized bed in which a flow of particles are mixed and rise by a difference in density between particles and gas; and a second reaction unit, extended and formed above the first reaction unit; ; and
An igniter provided in the lean region of the first reaction unit to induce combustion
A fluidized bed combustion device comprising a. According to claim 1,
the igniter
and a fuel supply grid or a fuel supply pipe provided in the lean region of the first reaction unit to inject a second fuel. According to claim 1,
the igniter
A fluidized bed combustion apparatus comprising a spark igniter, a plasma igniter, or a glow igniter provided in the lean region of the first reaction unit to provide a spark, plasma or glow, respectively. According to claim 1,
The first reaction unit
Forming a bubbling fluidization region in which particles are dense and the sparse region,
the igniter
The fluidized-bed combustion device is provided in the lean region above the boundary between the bubbling fluidized-bed region and the lean region. 5. The method of claim 4,
The first reaction unit
The fluidized bed combustion apparatus further comprising a baffle installed above the igniter. According to claim 1,
The first reaction unit
forming a turbulent fluidization region in which particles are dense and a sparse region,
the igniter
The fluidized bed combustion device is provided in the lean region above a boundary between the turbulent fluidized bed region and the lean region. 7. The method of claim 6,
The first reaction unit
The fluidized bed combustion apparatus further comprising a baffle installed above the igniter. According to claim 1,
The first reaction unit
forming a fast fluidization region in which particles are dense and the sparse region,
the igniter
The fluidized bed combustion apparatus is provided in the lean area above the boundary between the high-speed fluidized bed area and the lean area. 9. The method of claim 8,
The first reaction unit
The fluidized bed combustion apparatus further comprising a baffle installed above the igniter. According to claim 1,
The first reaction unit
the particles form a dilute pneumatic conveying,
the igniter
A fluidized bed combustor installed in a lean-phase air transport zone. 11. The method of claim 10,
The first reaction unit
The fluidized bed combustion apparatus further comprising a baffle installed above the igniter. 12. The method of claim 5, 7, 9 or 11,
The baffle is
A fluidized bed combustor formed of a V-shaped vane having V-shaped cross-sectional holes. According to claim 1,
The first reaction unit
A baffle having pores is provided in a dense area where particles are dense,
the igniter
A fluidized bed combustion device installed in a partially lean region formed directly below the baffle. 14. The method of claim 13,
The baffle is
A fluidized bed combustion device formed of a perforated plate. 14. The method of claim 13,
the igniter
and a fuel supply grid or a fuel supply pipe provided in the lean region of the first reaction unit to inject a second fuel. 16. The method of claim 2 or 15,
The second fuel is
The fluidized bed combustion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the fuel for inducing ignition of the first fuel is one of the same fuel as the first fuel, another gaseous fuel, and another liquid fuel.

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