KR102369705B1 - Passive cooling installation and passive cooling method of ship - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a passive cooling facility for a ship and a passive cooling method. According to one aspect of the present invention, the passive cooling facility for a ship comprises: a nuclear reactor in which heat is generated; a containment tank installed inside the ship, accommodating the nuclear reactor and cooling water to submerge the nuclear reactor, and generating steam by vaporizing the cooling water by the heat of the nuclear reactor; a cooling tank installed inside the ship, receiving the steam transferred from the containment tank, and condensing at least a portion of the steam transferred using the cooling water accommodated therein; and a heat exchange tank receiving at least one of the steam and cooling water transferred from the cooling tank, and cooling the transferred steam and cooling water, wherein the containment tank receives the cooling water cooled in the heat exchange tank. When a nuclear reactor installed on a ship is stopped due to a problem of the nuclear reactor, the passive cooling facility for a ship of the present invention can remove residual heat from the nuclear reactor.

Description

Passive cooling equipment and passive cooling method for ships

The present invention relates to a passive cooling facility and a passive cooling method for a ship, and more particularly, to a passive cooling facility and a passive cooling method for a ship for passively cooling a nuclear reactor installed on the ship.

After the Fukushima accident, research on design optimization for passive cooling of nuclear power facilities has been actively conducted. The passive cooling facility is a facility for removing residual heat remaining in the core while the operation of the nuclear reactor is stopped when an accident or the like occurs in the nuclear reactor. This passive cooling facility is designed to be operated for about 3 days without using power when removing residual heat from the core.

It is a global trend to restrict the user's ability to intervene in a nuclear reactor after about three days after the accident in the nuclear reactor. Therefore, the passive cooling system should be able to remove the residual heat of the core for more than 3 days.

Such passive cooling equipment needs to be applied not only to nuclear reactors installed on land, but also nuclear reactors installed on ships. However, in the case of a ship, since an accident may occur in a harsher environment than on land, it may be difficult for a user to intervene even when three days have elapsed after the accident.

Most passive cooling facilities installed on land have a structure in which a huge water tank is installed on top of a heat source. However, there is a problem in that it is not easy to install such a water tank in a ship.

In addition, it is necessary to arrange the nuclear reactor in the containment tank in order to prevent the hydrogen emitted from the nuclear reactor from being released to the outside, there is a problem that the space of the ship is insufficient to install the containment tank.

Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-2011-0116385 (2011.10.26.) Republic of Korea Patent Registration No. 10-1711580 (2017.02.23.)

Embodiments of the present invention were invented in the background as described above, and when a problem occurs in a nuclear reactor installed on a ship and stops, to provide a passive cooling facility and a passive cooling method for a ship capable of removing residual heat generated in the nuclear reactor do.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a nuclear reactor in which heat is generated; a containment tank installed inside the ship, in which the nuclear reactor and cooling water are accommodated therein so that the nuclear reactor is submerged, the cooling water is vaporized by the heat of the nuclear reactor to generate steam; a cooling tank installed inside the ship, to which vapor is transferred from the containment tank, and condensed at least a portion of the transferred vapor using the cooling water accommodated therein; and a heat exchange tank to which one or more of steam and cooling water are transferred from the cooling tank, and to cool the transferred steam and cooling water, wherein the containment tank is a passive cooling facility of a ship, to which the cooling water cooled from the heat exchange tank is received. can be provided.

On the other hand, according to an aspect of the present invention, the step of heating the cooling water accommodated in the containment tank disposed therein when an abnormality occurs in the nuclear reactor installed inside the ship; The cooling water accommodated in the containment tank is heated and vaporized vapor is transferred to a cooling tank disposed inside the vessel; Condensing at least a portion of the vapor transferred to the cooling tank by the cooling water accommodated in the cooling tank; transferring the cooling water from the cooling tank to the heat exchange tank by increasing the level of the cooling water accommodated in the cooling tank; cooling the coolant transferred to the heat exchange tank; and transferring the coolant cooled in the heat exchange tank to the containment tank.

According to embodiments of the present invention, by disposing the hydrogen removal tank and the cooling tank separately, residual heat generated in the nuclear reactor may be removed by using the difference in density.

In addition, by disposing the hydrogen removal tank and the cooling tank separately from the containment tank, there is an effect that the size of the containment tank can be reduced and installed in a space-limited vessel.

1 is a view showing a passive cooling facility of a ship according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a view for explaining the operation of the passive cooling equipment of the ship according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, specific embodiments for implementing the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

In addition, in the description of the present invention, if it is determined that a detailed description of a related known configuration or function may obscure the gist of the present invention, the detailed description thereof will be omitted.

In addition, when it is said that a component is 'connected', 'supported', 'connected', 'supplied', 'transferred', or 'contacted' to another component, it is directly connected, supported, connected, It should be understood that supply, delivery, and contact may occur, but other components may exist in between.

The terminology used herein is only used to describe specific embodiments and is not intended to limit the present invention. The singular expression includes the plural expression unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

In addition, in the present specification, the expressions of the upper side, the lower side, the side, etc. are described with reference to the drawings, and it is to be noted in advance that if the direction of the corresponding object is changed, it may be expressed differently. For the same reason, some components are exaggerated, omitted, or schematically illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and the size of each component does not fully reflect the actual size.

Also, terms including an ordinal number such as 1st, 2nd, etc. may be used to describe various components, but the components are not limited by these terms. These terms are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another.

The meaning of "comprising," as used herein, specifies a particular characteristic, region, integer, step, operation, element and/or component, and other specific characteristic, region, integer, step, operation, element, component, and/or group. It does not exclude the existence or addition of

1 and 2, a passive cooling facility 10 of a ship according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. The passive cooling facility 10 of the ship according to this embodiment removes residual heat continuously generated in the nuclear reactor 100 when the operation of the nuclear reactor 100 is stopped due to a problem in the nuclear reactor 100 installed in the ship. can do. For this purpose, the passive cooling facility 10 of the vessel includes a nuclear reactor 100 , a heat exchange tank 300 , and a cooling tank 200 .

The nuclear reactor 100 is installed on a ship, a core may be disposed therein, and is a cooling target of the passive cooling facility 10 . Heat generated in the core of the nuclear reactor 100 may be heat exchanged in a steam generator disposed inside the nuclear reactor 100 , and steam may be generated in the steam generator.

Most of the thermal energy of the steam generated from the steam generator during normal operation of the nuclear reactor 100 may be removed through a steam turbine disposed outside the nuclear reactor 100 . In addition, the heat that has passed through the steam turbine is cooled and recovered back to the nuclear reactor 100 , so that the heat generated in the nuclear reactor 100 may be cooled.

When the nuclear reactor 100 does not operate normally due to an accident or the like, power is not supplied to the steam turbine and thus the steam turbine may not operate normally. Accordingly, the steam generated in the nuclear reactor 100 needs to be converted to a configuration other than the steam turbine to remove residual heat generated in the nuclear reactor 100 .

Otherwise, since the steam generated from the steam generator cannot be transferred to another place, the residual heat continuously generated in the nuclear reactor 100 is not removed, and there is a risk of an additional accident.

In this embodiment, when the nuclear reactor 100 is stopped, the steam generated in the steam generator is transferred to the first heat exchanger 210 . At this time, the steam transferred to the first heat exchanger 210 may be transferred without a separate driving means.

That is, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , a driven valve (not shown) may be installed in a supply pipe connecting the nuclear reactor 100 and the first heat exchanger 210 . Here, steam may be used as a medium using heat generated in the nuclear reactor 100 .

The driven valve is closed so that the steam generated in the nuclear reactor 100 is transferred to the steam turbine side when power is supplied, and the steam generated in the nuclear reactor 100 is moved to the first heat exchanger 210 side when the supplied power is cut off. It can be opened to be transported.

At this time, the nuclear reactor 100 is disposed in the containment tank 110 . The containment tank 110 is provided to prevent the heat generated in the nuclear reactor 100 from directly affecting the outside, and to prevent radioactive materials or hydrogen gas generated in the nuclear reactor 100 from being emitted to the outside. do.

The containment tank 110 is provided to have a relatively larger space than the size of the nuclear reactor 100 when the nuclear reactor 100 is installed on land. In this embodiment, the containment tank 110 includes the nuclear reactor 100 . ) may have a relatively small size compared to the land of the nuclear reactor 100 because it is installed in the ship.

In addition, cooling water is filled in the containment tank 110 , and the cooling water in the containment tank 110 may fill the containment tank 110 so that the nuclear reactor 100 is completely submerged.

Accordingly, the coolant in the containment tank 110 boils due to residual heat of the nuclear reactor 100 , and steam may be generated in the containment tank 110 . Also, hot steam from the nuclear reactor 100 may be discharged into the containment tank 110 .

The cooling tank 200 (suppression tank) may be installed inside the ship, and the cooling water may be filled therein. The cooling tank 200 may have a first heat exchanger 210 disposed therein. The first heat exchanger 210 is provided to remove residual heat generated in the nuclear reactor 100 by using the steam generated by the steam generator installed inside the nuclear reactor 100 as a medium. Steam is supplied from the nuclear reactor 100 to the first heat exchanger 210 , and after heat is removed from the first heat exchanger 210 , it may be recovered back to the nuclear reactor 100 .

In addition, the cooling tank 200 and the storage tank 110 are connected by a pressure reduction line PL. One end of the pressure reduction line PL may be connected to the upper end of the containment tank 110 , and the other end may be disposed inside the cooling tank 200 . In addition, the discharge unit 220 may be disposed at the other end of the pressure reduction line PL.

The discharge unit 220 may be disposed inside the cooling tank 200 , and may be disposed in a state in which the cooling tank 200 is immersed in the cooling water. The discharge unit 220 discharges the vapor delivered from the containment tank 110 , and as the discharge unit 220 is immersed in cooling water, the delivered steam may be condensed. The discharge unit 220 may be formed with a plurality of outlets so that the vapor can be rapidly condensed.

In this case, the first control valve RV1 and the first check valve CV1 may be installed in the pressure reduction line PL. The first control valve RV1 may be a driven valve. That is, the first control valve RV1 is such that, when the supplied power is cut off, the vapor generated in the containment tank 110 by the nuclear reactor 100 can be transferred from the containment tank 110 to the cooling tank 200 . can be opened

The first check valve CV1 is provided to prevent a reverse flow of cooling water from the cooling tank 200 after vapor is transferred from the containment tank 110 to the cooling tank 200 .

As described above, as the residual heat of the nuclear reactor 100 is cooled through the first heat exchanger 210 , the coolant temperature in the cooling tank 200 increases. In addition, the vapor may be transferred from the containment tank 110 to the cooling tank 200 through the pressure reduction line PL and the discharge unit 220 . Accordingly, the cooling water of the cooling tank 200 may increase as the vapor transferred from the containment tank 110 is condensed, and thus the water level may rise.

At this time, the cooling tank 200 is connected to the heat exchange tank 300 by a connection line CL. At this time, the connection line CL is connected to the upper end of the cooling tank 200 and connected to the upper end of the heat exchange tank 300 .

Accordingly, as the coolant level in the cooling tank 200 increases, the coolant may be transferred to the heat exchange tank 300 through the connection line CL. In this case, the coolant in the cooling tank 200 may not be transferred to the containment tank 110 through the pressure reduction line PL by the first check valve CV1 .

In addition, the second check valve CV2 may be installed in the connection line CL. The second check valve CV2 may prevent the cooling water of the heat exchange tank 300 from flowing back into the cooling tank 200 .

In the heat exchange tank 300 , the cooling water of the cooling tank 200 may be transferred through the connection line CL, and the cooling water transferred from the cooling tank 200 may have a relatively higher temperature than seawater. The heat exchange tank 300 may include a second heat exchanger 310 therein in order to lower the temperature of the coolant transferred from the cooling tank 200 in this way.

The second heat exchanger 310 is provided to lower the temperature by exchanging the cooling water in the heat exchange tank 300 with seawater. To this end, the second heat exchanger 310 may have one end exposed to the outside of the ship so as to be in contact with seawater, and the other end may be disposed in the heat exchange tank 300 .

And the heat exchange tank 300 is connected to the containment tank 110 and the replenishment line (RL). Accordingly, the cooling water cooled in the heat exchange tank 300 may be supplied to the containment tank 110 through the replenishment line RL. Accordingly, the cooling water in the containment tank 110 is vaporized in the containment tank 110 by the residual heat of the nuclear reactor 100 and transferred to the cooling tank 200 to be reduced, but supplemented by the cooling water supplied through the replenishment line RL. can be

At this time, the third check valve (CV3) may be disposed in the supplemental line (RL). The third check valve CV3 may prevent the cooling water of the containment tank 110 from flowing back into the heat exchange tank 300 .

Accordingly, cooling water may be cooled while circulating along the containment tank 110 , the cooling tank 200 , and the heat exchange tank 300 , and residual heat emitted from the nuclear reactor 100 to the containment tank 110 may be removed.

And when the nuclear reactor 100 is stopped, a large amount of hydrogen may be released from the nuclear reactor 100 , and the hydrogen released in this way is from the containment tank 110 to the cooling tank 200 and the heat exchange tank 300 together with steam. can be transported The hydrogen transferred to the heat exchange tank 300 may be transferred to the hydrogen removal tank 400 connected to the heat exchange tank 300 and the hydrogen discharge line HL.

The hydrogen removal tank 400 may include a hydrogen recombination unit (410, PAR, Passive Autoanalytic Recombiner) therein. The hydrogen recombination unit 410 may chemically remove hydrogen. That is, the hydrogen recombination unit 410 may remove hydrogen by converting hydrogen into water using a catalyst.

In this case, the second control valve RV2 may be installed in the hydrogen discharge line HL connecting the heat exchange tank 300 and the hydrogen removal tank 400 . The second control valve RV2 can be opened only when hydrogen is transferred from the heat exchange tank 300 to the hydrogen removal tank 400 or when water is transferred from the hydrogen removal tank 400 to the heat exchange tank 300 , and the Otherwise, it may be closed. That is, the second control valve RV2 may be a driven valve that is opened when the supplied power is cut off.

Referring to FIG. 2 , when the operation of the nuclear reactor 100 is stopped, the steam generated by the steam generator in the nuclear reactor 100 may be discharged into the containment tank 110 . In addition, a large amount of hydrogen may be discharged from the nuclear reactor 100 to the containment tank 110 . The vapor and hydrogen discharged to the containment tank 110 in this way may move over the coolant filling the containment tank 110 . In addition, the cooling water of the containment tank 110 may be vaporized by residual heat of the nuclear reactor 100 to generate steam.

And the steam generated from the steam generator of the nuclear reactor 100 may move to the first heat exchanger 210 disposed in the cooling tank 200 as a medium, and is cooled in the first heat exchanger 210 to the nuclear reactor 100 . can be recovered That is, the residual heat of the nuclear reactor 100 may be directly cooled through the first heat exchanger 210 .

Steam and hydrogen rising above the cooling water of the containment tank 110 may be transferred to the cooling tank 200 through the pressure reduction line PL. Hydrogen may move to the upper portion of the cooling water of the cooling tank 200 and may be moved to the heat exchange tank 300 through the connection line CL, and the vapor may be condensed by the cooling water of the cooling tank 200 and converted into water.

Accordingly, the coolant level in the cooling tank 200 may gradually increase, and the coolant overflowing the cooling tank 200 may be moved to the heat exchange tank 300 through the connection line CL.

In this case, some of the vapor transferred from the containment tank 110 to the cooling tank 200 may not be condensed in the cooling tank 200 . Because the temperature of the cooling water in the cooling tank 200 due to heat exchange in the first heat exchanger 210 disposed in the cooling tank 200 may be a temperature that cannot condense all the steam discharged through the discharge unit 220 . am. Accordingly, the vapor that is not condensed in the cooling tank 200 may move to the upper portion of the cooling water of the cooling tank 200 and directly move to the heat exchange tank 300 through the connection line CL.

The hydrogen moved to the heat exchange tank 300 may be moved to the hydrogen removal tank 400 through the hydrogen discharge line HL and converted into water in the hydrogen removal tank 400 . And the water generated in the hydrogen removal tank 400 may be moved back to the heat exchange tank 300 through the hydrogen discharge line (HL). For this, the hydrogen removal tank 400 may be disposed above the heat exchange tank 300 . Specifically, the lower end of the hydrogen removal tank 400 may be disposed above the upper end of the heat exchange tank 300 .

Steam and high-temperature cooling water transferred from the cooling tank 200 to the heat exchange tank 300 may be cooled by the second heat exchanger 310 . The second heat exchanger 310 may lower the temperature of the cooling water in the heat exchange tank 300 through heat exchange between the seawater and the cooling water of the heat exchange tank 300 .

In this way, the temperature of the cooling water in the heat exchange tank 300 is lowered, and the cooled cooling water may be supplied to the containment tank 110 through the replenishment line RL.

Accordingly, the coolant in the containment tank 110 may be maintained at a certain level even if the coolant is vaporized by residual heat of the nuclear reactor 100 .

Residual heat generated in the nuclear reactor 100 can be continuously removed by circulating the cooling water in the cooling tank 200 and the heat exchange tank 300 while removing the residual heat of the nuclear reactor 100 from the containment tank 110 as described above. . In addition, since the circulation process of the coolant is circulated through natural convection while residual heat is generated in the nuclear reactor 100 , a separate power may not be provided.

At this time, the first control valve (RV1) and the second control valve (RV2) may be a driven valve that is opened when the power supplied to each is cut off. Accordingly, when the nuclear reactor 100 is stopped due to an accident or the like, it can operate to be opened.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described as specific embodiments, these are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and should be construed as having the widest scope according to the embodiments disclosed herein. A person skilled in the art may implement a pattern of a shape not specified by combining/substituting the disclosed embodiments, but this also does not depart from the scope of the present invention. In addition, those skilled in the art can easily change or modify the disclosed embodiments based on the present specification, and it is clear that such changes or modifications also fall within the scope of the present invention.

10: Passive cooling equipment
100: reactor 110: containment tank
200: cooling tank
210: first heat exchanger 220: discharge unit
300: heat exchange tank 310: second heat exchanger
400: hydrogen removal tank 410: hydrogen recombination unit
CV1: first check valve CV2: second check valve
CV3: 3rd check valve
RV1: first control valve RV2: second control valve
CL: connection line HL: hydrogen discharge line
PL: pressure relief line RL: make-up line

Claims (11)

nuclear reactors in which heat is generated;
a containment tank installed inside the ship, in which the nuclear reactor and cooling water are accommodated therein so that the nuclear reactor is submerged, the cooling water is vaporized by the heat of the nuclear reactor to generate steam;
a cooling tank installed inside the ship, communicating with the containment tank, vaporizing the cooling water of the containment tank, and transferring the vapor generated, and condensing at least a portion of the transferred vapor using the cooling water accommodated therein; and
At least one of steam and cooling water is transferred from the cooling tank, and a heat exchange tank for cooling the transferred steam and cooling water,
The containment tank receives the cooling water cooled in the heat exchange tank,
Ship's passive cooling equipment. The method of claim 1,
A first heat exchanger disposed in the cooling tank, providing a passage through which steam generated inside the nuclear reactor is transferred, and heat-exchanging the steam generated inside the nuclear reactor with the cooling water of the cooling tank, further comprising:
Ship's passive cooling equipment. The method of claim 1,
a pressure reduction line having one end connected to the upper end of the containment tank, the other end disposed inside the cooling tank, and providing a passage through which steam is transferred from the containment tank to the cooling tank; and
Further comprising a discharge unit disposed at the other end of the pressure reduction line to be submerged in the cooling water accommodated in the cooling tank,
Ship's passive cooling equipment. The method of claim 1,
Further comprising a connection line having one end connected to the upper end of the cooling tank, the other end disposed inside the heat exchange tank, and providing a passage for transferring at least one of steam and cooling water from the cooling tank to the heat exchange tank ,
Ship's passive cooling equipment. The method of claim 1,
Further comprising a replenishment line having one end connected to the lower end of the heat exchange tank, the other end connected to the lower end of the containment tank, and through which cooling water is transferred from the heat exchange tank to the containment tank,
Ship's passive cooling equipment. The method of claim 1,
A second heat exchanger having one side connected to the heat exchange tank and the other side exposed to the outside of the ship, further comprising a second heat exchanger for cooling the cooling water of the heat exchange tank,
Ship's passive cooling equipment. The method of claim 1,
Further comprising a hydrogen removal tank for removing the hydrogen transferred from the heat exchange tank,
The hydrogen is generated in the nuclear reactor and transferred to the hydrogen removal tank through the containment tank, the cooling tank and the heat exchange tank,
Ship's passive cooling equipment. 8. The method of claim 7,
The hydrogen removal tank is disposed above the heat exchange tank,
Ship's passive cooling equipment. 8. The method of claim 7,
It is disposed in the dehydrogenation tank, further comprising a hydrogen recombination unit for changing the hydrogen transferred to the dehydrogenation tank into water,
Ship's passive cooling equipment. heating the coolant accommodated in a containment tank disposed therein due to an abnormality in the nuclear reactor installed inside the ship;
The cooling water accommodated in the containment tank is heated and vaporized vapor is disposed inside the vessel and transferred to a cooling tank communicating with the containment tank;
Condensing at least a portion of the vapor transferred to the cooling tank by the cooling water accommodated in the cooling tank;
transferring the cooling water from the cooling tank to the heat exchange tank by increasing the level of the cooling water accommodated in the cooling tank;
cooling the coolant transferred to the heat exchange tank; and
Containing the step of transferring the cooling water cooled in the heat exchange tank to the containment tank,
A method of passive cooling of ships. 11. The method of claim 10,
Further comprising the step of moving the steam generated in the nuclear reactor to the medium and cooled by the cooling water of the cooling tank,
A method of passive cooling of ships.

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